Physical and geographical characteristics of Ekhirit-Bulagat region 1.1 Geographical location, boundaries, size of the territory.Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district is a municipality in the southeast of the Irkutsk region. The administrative center is the village of Ust-Ordynsky. (Figure 1) The Ekhirit-Bulagat region includes the territories of 13 rural settlements, a total of 51 settlements.
Municipalities (rural settlements):
Aluzhinskoe
Akhinskoe
Gakhan
Zakhalskoe
Kapsalskoe
Korsukskoe
Kulunkuyskoe
Novo-Nikolaevskoe
Oloy
Tugutuyskoe
Ust-Ordynskoe
Kharazargai
Kharatai
Fig. 1 Administrative divisions of the Irkutsk region
Districts are designated by numbers:
1 - Alarsky (UOBO), 2 - Angarsky, 3 - Balagansky, 4 - Bayandayevsky (UOBO), 5 - Bodaibinsky, 6 - Bokhansky (UOBO), 7 - Bratsky, 8 - Zhigalovsky, 9 - Zalarinsky, 10 - Ziminsky, 11 - Irkutsk, 12 - Kazachinsko-Lensky, 13 - Katangsky, 14 - Kachugsky, 15 Kirensky, 16 - Kuytunsky, 17 - Mamsko-Chuisky, 18 - Nizhneilimsky, 19 - Nizhneudinsky, 20 - Nukutsky (UOBO), 21 - Olkhonsky, 22 - Osinsky (UOBO), 23 - Slyudyansky, 24 - Taishetsky, 25 - Tulunsky, 26 - Usolsky, 27 - Ust-Ilimsky, 28 - Ust-Kutsky, 29 - Ust-Udinsky, 30 - Cheremkhovsky, 31 - Chunsky, 32 - Shelekhovsky, 33 - Ekhirit-Bulagatsky (UOBO)
Figure: 2 map of the Ust-Orda Buryat District of the Irkutsk Region
The name of the region is due to the residence of large tribal groups of Buryats - ekhirits and bulagats - who formed on this territory and settled throughout the Baikal region.
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district is located in the south of the Irkutsk region, occupies the southeastern part of the Ust-Orda Buryat district, borders in the northeast with Bayandayevsky, in the east - with Olkhonsky, in the south and southwest - with Irkutsk, in the west - with Bokhansky and in the north - with the Kachugsky districts. The administrative center is the village of Ust-Ordynsky. Until January 1, 2008, it was the administrative center of the Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug. It was the only center of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation with the status of a rural settlement (Fig. 2)
The area of \u200b\u200bthe district is 5.2 thousand square kilometers, the population is 29.4 thousand people (as of 01.01.2010). The area is multinational. The indigenous population is the Buryats. Among other nationalities, Russians predominate, less Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, etc.
The Okrug is located in Cisbaikalia, occupying the southern part of the Leno-Angara plateau. Height above sea level is over 1000 meters. The landscape of the district is determined by the Irkutsk-Balaganskaya forest-steppe, within which it is located. The landscape of the district is very picturesque: spacious meadows and pastures, interspersed with coniferous forests. The surface is strongly dissected by river valleys.
Most of the Okrug is located within the Angara River basin, and only a small, easternmost section lies in the Lena River basin. The territory of the okrug is irrigated by tributaries of the Angara River: Unga, Osa, Ida and Kuda. On the territory of the Okrug, there are small lakes in the river valleys: Alaty, Altarik, Orda, Angola.
The main natural resources of the Okrug are: oil, combustible gas and condensate, coal, non-metallic building materials (clay, gypsum).
1.2 Geological structure and relief
1.1.2. Tectonics
In geotectonic terms, the area is located in the southern part of an ancient platform or an ancient continent that was formed more than a billion years ago and since then has only occasionally been covered by continental shallow seas. But before becoming a continent, this section of the earth's crust went through a complex evolution.
During the first three billion years, the processes of formation and synthesis of almost all magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary rocks and minerals, ore formations took place on Earth, and organic life appeared, the modern atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the foundations were formed, the foundations of modern continents, which in the future no longer experienced significant temperature effects and deformations. One of these continents was the Siberian Precambrian continental ancient platform, which was covered by the sea only at the very beginning of its existence.
The last sea left the territory of the Okrug in the middle of the Paleozoic era, leaving numerous sedimentary rocks of the Vendian with an age of 650 - 570 million years), Cambrian (with an age of 570 - 505 million years) periods of the Earth's geological history. During all this time, the territory of the okrug, tectonically, represented two regions with different morphology.
Most of the territory of the district (Osinsky, Bokhansky, Nukutsky)
leveled by a section of the Siberian platform submerged below sea level.
The smaller southeastern part of the Okrug (Ekhirit-Bulagatsky, Bayandayevsky) represented an area more intensively submerging under sea level - a foredeep, gravitating towards the edge of the platform and laid on a stable solid platform foundation. The subsidence of the earth's crust in it was compensated by the accumulation of sedimentary rocks of the Late Proteroisian, Early Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic ages. Thus, during the Late Proterozoic - Early Paleozoic (in the interval 650 - 400 million years ago) the foredeep was filled with sediments, at the very bottom represented by sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. The thickness of these deposits, determined from deep drilling data (Fig. 3), is more than 300 m. These rocks lie directly on the solid crystalline formation of the platform, which in turn is composed of metamorphosed and highly deformed rocks formed at high temperatures and pressures. Consequently, before the arrival of the sea, the basement rocks had to cool down and turn into a sufficiently vast plain that could accommodate the whole sea. Geologists called this sea the Angara-Lensky trough.
Deposits of a higher stratigraphic level, and, consequently, of a younger age, include sandy layers interspersed with siltstones, mudstones, carbonate rocks with interlayers of marls and anhydrites (Fig. 3). Approximately at the turn of the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, tectonic movements slowed down significantly - the mountains stopped growing, subsidence stopped. The so-called period of stable standing of the platform in a hot climate began, that is, the Siberian continent at that time was somewhere in hot latitudes. Sea water was supplied from the ocean to the platform. Here it evaporated, leaving beds of rock salt, limestone, dolomite, gypsum and anhydrite with a total thickness of 1300 - 1800 m.
Further, in the Middle Cambrian, in all likelihood, the connection of the Cambrian seas with the ocean is disrupted. The seas often begin to dry up, the carbonates remaining on the surface erode and turn into flour, that is, desert conditions are established on the territory of the district.
All this is described by the rocks of the Middle Cambrian deposits of the Verkholenskaya Formation, the outcrops of which occupy vast areas in the northern part of the Okrug (Fig. 3). The bottom, the lowest, part of these sediments is composed of clay-marly breccias with fragments of the underlying dolomites of the Angara Formation, which are replaced by dolomite flour.
Figure: 2. Geological section along the line of Tolban town - Kudinsky ridge.
Legend
Platform cover breeds:
1 - quaternary system;
2 - Neogene;
3 - Jurassic rocks;
4 - terrigenous rocks of the Late and Middle Cambrian;
5 - carbonate-halogen rocks of the Early Cambrian;
6 - breeds of the Vendian system.
Basement rocks of the Archean-Proterozoic platform:
7 - metamorphic, crumpled into folds;
8 - magmatic (a - granites, b - diorites);
9 - faults and thrusts.
__________________________________________________________________
Above, there are variegated gypsum mudstones, marly dolomites with interlayers of siltstones and sandstones, then quartz and carbonate sandstones with interlayers of marls and siltstones, and at the very top are mainly sandstones. The color of the rocks is predominantly reddish, spotted. The thickness of the Middle Cambrian suite is from 350 to 550 m.
The span of time between the Cambrian and Jurassic periods did not leave any geological traces in the form of rocks. It was during this period that the entire complex of previously formed rocks was deformed into folded structures of various sizes and morphology.
Figure: 3. Geological structure[
5
]
The largest of them, stretching for many tens of kilometers (Fig. 4). Folding in the sedimentary cover of the platform is most intensely observed near its edges along the eastern margin within the Angara-Lena foredeep. Complex linear narrow crest-like shafts and troughs are widely developed here. With distance from the edge of the platform to its center, the intensity of the folds weakens, they become wider, flatter, the angles on the wings decrease from 20-10 °. The folds turn into box-like shapes, but do not lose their inherent large length and asymmetry. Their northwestern wings are steeper, while their southeastern wings are flatter. The ratio of the height of the folds to their width is 0.1-0.09
The folds of the Angara-Lena trough are traced for hundreds of kilometers parallel to the platform edge.
Since the beginning of the Middle Jurassic, the process of subsidence of the territory began to prevail and the processes of sedimentation resumed, thanks to which we have material evidence of the geological history of this period - the rocks of the Jurassic system, which lie on the eroded and highly dissected relief of the Lower Cambrian rocks. On the whole, on the entire Siberian platform, they fill up the asymmetric foothill trough, elongated along the edge of the platform along the Sayano-Baikal arch uplift in the Jurassic. Its northwestern branch is called the Pre-Sayan foothill trough, and the northeastern branch is called the Prebaikal. The latter is superimposed on the Angara-Lensky Paleozoic foredeep.
In Jurassic time, the Cis-Baikal trough extended from the Irkutsk Pre-Sayan region to longitude s. Bayandai at a distance of no more than 150 km.
The Cis-Baikal trough of the Mesozoic time is filled with coal-bearing deposits with a thickness of 500-600 m in the area of \u200b\u200bIrkutsk and not more than 300 m in the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper course of the river. Kuda. On the territory of the Okrug, Jurassic formations are known in a significant part and are represented by continental, mainly clastic deposits of the lake-river type.
Figure: 4. Scheme of tectonic structures
The rocks of the Jurassic system indicate that during their formation, paleographic conditions of warm humid landscapes existed on the territory of the Okrug. Thus, coarse-detrital deposits tell about the existence of wide river valleys with winding river beds, and sandy-siltstone and clayey rocks - about the setting of wide river floodplains with numerous oxbow lakes, swamps, lakes. The second half of the Mesozoic and almost the entire Paleogene were again an epoch of prolonged regional leveling of the relief of the Siberian Platform under conditions of relative tectonic rest and a climate favorable for chemical weathering.
The most ancient Cenozoic rock complexes of the Okrug are represented by unique Paleogene-Neogene sediments, which were formed along narrow private depressions of the Meso-Canozoic age. These sediments are represented by a variety of clays, often high-alumina, sandy loam, loam, sand and brown coal. Shell limestones and calcareous fine-grained tuffites are occasionally noted. These deposits contain huge reserves of brick, refractory, drill clay and brown coal. The thickness of sediments reaches 250-300 m. They almost everywhere overlap the Cretaceous Paleogene flattening surface, which is the result of prolonged uplift or tectonic rest of the territory of the Okrug. The area of \u200b\u200bdistribution of individual depressions with Paleogene-Neogene sediments borders the Cis-Baikal Cenozoic foothill trough, which in the territory of the Okrug is mostly superimposed on the Angara-Lensky Early Paleozoic foredeep, and to a lesser extent - on the Early Middle Jurassic foothill trough of the same name described above. In the south-west, it goes beyond the territory of the district and in the valley of the river. Angara smoothly merges with the Pre-Sayan Cenozoic foothill trough. From the valley of the river. Angara, it stretches to the city of Kirensk for a distance of almost 600 km and is one of the most noticeable neotectonic structures of the Siberian platform.
The Cenozoic Cis-Baikal foothill trough, like its earlier predecessors, is located on the edge of the Siberian platform and is compensatory in relation to the Baikal arch uplift. To the west, the Upper Lenskoe uplift, which is comparable to it, joins the trough, which separates it from the Siberian platform. The latter, in the Cenozoic, probably experienced a slower uplift, and a plateau was formed on it. The absolute marks of the relief of the territory of the uplift in the basin of the river. Where fluctuate within 900-1000 m.
The width on the territory of the district reaches 90 km, its axis extends subparallel to the foot of the Baikal mountain region, its summit surface lies along the axis of the trough at elevations of 400-900 m, and the hinge is inclined in the area with. Bayanday to the northeast.
Modern deposits on a geochronological scale belong to the Quaternary or anthropogenic period and are represented by river boulder-pebbles, pebbles, sands and clays up to 60-80 m thick, distributed along modern large river valleys. Loose rocks are widespread on slopes and watersheds. Their thickness on the slopes reaches 10-15 m, and on the watersheds - 1.5-2 m
1.2.2. Relief
Spellingly, the area is located within the Leno-Angara flat upland, the absolute heights and dissection of which increase from south to north, and the relative elevation differences are 250-350 m. The lowest point of the district's relief is the level of the river. Angars - 440 m, and the highest mountain is located in the north of Bayandayevsky district - 1048 m.
The relief of the area was formed under the influence of the latest tectonics, erosion-denudation processes and structural and lithological features of bedrocks. Neotectonic movements determined the magnitude of the absolute marks of the territory. They, according to scientists, determined the intensity of the formation of relief forms.
The main orographic structure of the Okrug's territory is determined by the following elements of the mega-relief: Lena-Angara plateau, slightly inclined to the south; the north-western spurs of the weakly dissected Onotskaya Upland with absolute heights up to 1000 m; plains of Pre-Sayan and Pre-Baikal with absolute heights of 500-700 m; Irkutsk-Cheremkhovskaya plain with a dissection depth of 30-100 m; The central part in the relief of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region is occupied by the Kuda depression, which is a plain 60-80 km wide with a structural ridge-trough relief. Quite narrow ridges have relative heights of 120-180 m.
The southwestern part of the same area falls within the Irkutsk depression; in the northwest, the Kuda depression is bordered by the Kuda ridge, and in the southeast by the Onotskaya Upland (Fig. 5).
The ridges are characterized by deep vertical dissection with the absolute marks of the watersheds of 923 to 1000 m. The incision depth of river and stream valleys reaches 270-360 m, and the maximum width is 10 km. Within the Kuda and Irkutsk depressions, a structural-erosional relief is developed, consisting of linearly elongated rather narrow ridges and intermontane depressions. The absolute marks of the ridges range from 630 to 909 m, the depth of the erosional incision of the valleys is 120-190 m.
Microforms of cryogenic relief are associated with the wide development of permafrost within the okrug. Fissure-polygonal forms are formed on floodplain and above-floodplain terrace deposits, gentle slopes of northern exposure, in the wide bottoms of the valleys - bulgunnyakhs up to 5-20 m in height, seasonal heaving mounds reaching in diameter from 8 to 20 m and 0.5-3.0 m height.
On the near-valley slopes and terraces with a thick cover of loose deposits, there are ravines reaching a length of several hundred meters, 10-30 m wide and 2-7 m deep. Here you can also find numerous potholes and gullies - future ravines.
Figure: 5. Orographic scheme
1.3. Climate
The climate of the territory of the region, located in the south of the Irkutsk region, is sharply continental with long cold winters, little precipitation during the year, and relatively hot short summers.
One of the main climate-forming factors is solar radiation reaching the earth, which, in turn, significantly depends on the circulation of air masses (which manifests itself through cloudiness and transparency of the atmosphere) and the characteristics of the underlying surface.
The main feature of the region's climate - a sharp continentality - is due to the circulation of the atmosphere. In winter, a powerful anticyclone forms on the territory of Eastern Siberia, in which clear calm weather prevails, contributing to the loss of heat from the earth's surface as a result of radiation. A characteristic feature of the summer circulation is the intensification of cyclonic activity, the frequent repetition of cloudy weather types with precipitation.
The arrival of solar radiation varies over the territory and is determined, first of all, by astronomical factors - the length of the day (Table 1) and the height of the sun above the horizon. In turn, the value of these parameters depends on the latitude of the place.
The length of the day within the district varies at the southern border of the territory from 7 hours 48 minutes; on the north - from 7 hours 26 minutes to 17 hours 06 minutes on December 15 and June 15, respectively. From March to September, the length of the day increases as you move north, and from September to March it decreases.
The height of the sun at noon and the intensity of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface with a clear sky are shown in Table. 2.
Table 1
Rise time (c), set (h), day length (n) on the 15th day of each month
Latitudehail
Average solar time, h min by months
III
Vii
VIII
XII
52 p. sh.
8 .02
7.17
6.16
5.05
4.07
3.39
3.57
4.43
5.53
6.23
7.17
8.01
16.16
17.11
18.02
18.55
19.45
20.21
20.15
19.27
18.17
17.09
16.09
15.49
8.14
10.00
11.46
13.50
15.38
16.42
16.18
14.44
12.44
10.50
8.50
7.48
54 p. sh.
8.12
7.42
6.17
5.01
3.58
3.27
3.47
4.36
5.32
6.27
7.27
8.12
16.06
17.06
18.01
18.59
19.54
20.33
20.25
19.34
18.18
17.05
16.01
15.38
7.54
9.44
11.44
13.58
15.56
17.06
16.38
14.58
12.46
10.38
8.34
7.26
table 2
Sun height at noon, in degrees
latitude,hail
III
Vii
VIII
XII
52 p. sh.
16.8
24.9
35.8
47.7
56.8
61.3
59.6
52.2
41.1
29.6
19.6
14.7
54 p. sh.
14.8
22.9
33.8
45.7
54.8
59.3
57.6
50.2
39.1
27.6
17.6
12.7
Table 3
Direct solar radiation intensity, cal / cm²
latitude,hail
III
Vii
VIII
XII
52 p. sh.
0.57
0.83
1.16
1.47
1.66
1.74
1.71
1.56
1.30
0.98
0.66
0.50
54 p. sh.
0.51
0.38
1.10
1.42
1.62
1.70
1.67
1.52
1.25
0.92
0.60
0.44
The highest sun elevation is observed in June and is 61 ° 18 'on the southern border and 59 ° 18' on the north. The smallest - in December - 14 ° 42 'on the southern border and 12 ° 42' on the northern. Accordingly, the value of solar radiation reaches 1.71 and 1.67 kcal / cm² month in July, 0.50 and 0.44 kcal / cm² month in December. (Table 3).
The radiation balance, which determines the residual heat at the earth's surface, is about 3 kcal / cm² in July, and only -0.5 - -0.8 kcal / cm² in December. The period with a long radiation balance, the time of heat accumulation by the underlying surface lasts about 8 months. The sign of the radiation balance changes in the spring at the beginning of March, and in the fall - in November. In the diurnal variation of solar radiation and radiation balance, the maximum is observed at noon, since at this time the highest height of the sun above the horizon is observed during the day.
Atmospheric circulation. For the temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere, the west-east transport of air masses is characteristic. In general, air mass movements from west to east prevail over the year, with a high frequency of frequency for many stations in the district, including Ust-Ordynskaya. In certain periods of the year, this mechanism is disturbed by the formation of a baric maximum and minimum over most of the Asian continent, or by the passage of surface cyclones and anticyclones through the territory of the Okrug. The south of the Irkutsk Region, which includes the Okrug, is characterized by the fact that almost no Pacific air masses come here. But very often this territory, in the rear of the cyclones, is invaded by the Arctic air, which, passing over the continent, is transformed into the air of temperate latitudes.
In winter, the weather is mainly determined by the influence of the Asian anticyclone, which reaches its maximum development in January. Clear frosty weather prevails with a significant number of calm days.
Figure: 6. Air temperature and prevailing wind direction in January
Figure: 7. Air temperature and prevailing wind direction in July
Figure: 8. Annual precipitation
Warming often occurs at the beginning of winter associated with the passage of cyclones from the southern and central regions of Western Siberia.
In spring, when the air temperature rises, the Asian anticyclone weakens, the number of cyclones arriving from the southwest and west increases, bringing warm air from the regions of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. This causes sudden short-term warming, which are replaced by strong winds and cold snaps.
In summer, in contrast to winter, there is a general decrease in atmospheric pressure and the establishment of a cyclonic type of weather. The first half of summer is usually hot, dry, with many clear days. The second half of summer is rich in precipitation. This is due to the arrival of cycles from Mongolia.
In the first half of autumn, cloudy, dry, with a weak wind prevails, which is formed by anticyclones passing through the territory or cyclones coming from the Aral-Caspian basin. In the second half, the invasion of the Arctic air masses, cooling and precipitation occurs more and more often. At the end of autumn, the formation of the Asian anticyclone begins.
Atmospheric pressure and prevailing winds. The most important condition that determines the direction of the transfer of air masses is the distribution of atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface and relief. During the year in the central and western parts of the okrug, winds of the northwestern and southeastern directions prevail, in the eastern part there is a high frequency of winds of the northern, northwestern and northeastern directions. The average monthly and annual wind speed for the Ust-Orda station of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region is shown in Table 4.
Air temperature. The air weakly absorbs radiation, so it hardly heats up by the rays of the sun. It receives the main heat from the surface of the earth heated by the sun's rays.
Table 4
Average monthly and annual wind speed, m / s
Therefore, the onset of maximum air temperature values \u200b\u200balways lags behind the moment of the greatest arrival of solar radiation.
For Ust-Orda station, the average annual temperature is negative and amounts to -0.3 º С. The change in average monthly temperatures in January and July is shown in Fig. 6-7.
The coldest month is January. In most of the Okrug, the average air temperature in January is approximately -24 ° C and varies from -22 ° C to -26 ° C. The lowest temperatures are observed in low relief forms, mainly in river valleys and small basins with absolute heights from 400 to 500 meters.
Heavy cold air "flows down" here in winter in anticyclonic weather, forming "lakes of cold" and surface inversions.
Three to five days in winter are noted with an average daily air temperature of -30 ° C to -35 ° C. The minimum temperature in these months is -29 ° C - -35 ° C. The temperature rise begins in February and occurs due to an increase in the height of the sun above the horizon and the duration of the sunshine. But the presence of snow cover in February-March delays the rapid rise in temperature. March throughout the district is still a cold month with significant freezing temperatures. The rapid rise in temperature begins in April when the snow cover melts. Despite the fact that, in addition to the southern part of the okrug, in its central and northern regions, the average daily air temperatures remain below zero, they have low values. For Ust-Orda, the average daily temperatures are -0.4 º C. The transition of the average daily temperature through 0 º C towards positive values \u200b\u200boccurs from 12 to 18 April. Its rapid growth begins in May-June. The warmest month is July. Average monthly temperatures in July vary from 14ºC to 18ºC, and the average daily temperature reaches 25ºC. Almost every summer, you can expect several days with average daily air temperatures above 30ºC, less often they are observed at the end of May. The onset of extreme heat in summer is associated with the arrival of tropical air. Such periods are fire hazardous and harmful to crops.
Since August, the air temperature begins to drop slowly, and at the end of the month night frosts are already possible. A sharp drop in temperature occurs in September, and it reaches 7-8 ° C. However, this month there are many hot days with daily temperatures in some years above 20 ° C. Until December, the temperature drops rapidly by 8-12 ° C from month to month. The transition of the average daily temperature through 0 ° С towards the lowering is carried out on October 12-16.
Precipitation. On average, from 250 to 400 mm of precipitation falls per year, of which 78% falls on liquid precipitation, 16% - solid and 6% - mixed. A noticeable decrease in the amount of precipitation occurs from west to east (Fig. 8). This is due to the influx of air masses from the west, northwest and north. And since the Eastern Sayan stretches from the south-east to the north-west, and the strike of the Lena-Angara plateau can be traced mainly from the south-west to the north-east, then, passing through ridges and hills, consistently leaving moisture on each windward slope , comes to the eastern part of the district dried up. A huge mass of lake water. Baikal has almost no effect on the humidification of the district because of the high ridges. Thus, the most arid is the eastern part of the territory belonging to the Baikal depression within the okrug. This area of \u200b\u200binsufficient moisture and belongs to the zone of risky agriculture.
Snow cover has a significant impact on the climate. It delays the rise in air temperature in spring, since a large amount of heat is spent on its melting, and not on heating the air. At the same time, it protects the soil from strong cooling and deep freezing, which is very important for a good wintering of plants. In the spring, when the snow melts, a lot of water is formed, which determines the spring regime of the rivers.
The first snow cover appears on 14 October. He, as a rule, does not stay for the winter and melts under the influence of warming, typical for this month. A stable snow cover appears on November 1-10 and disappears on April 8-11, the date of its complete disappearance is April 27 - May 4. The duration of the snow cover period is 154 days. In mountainous areas and on hills, snow melts much later - at the end of May.
The height of the snow cover in the steppe and forest-steppe regions varies within 10-25 cm and in forested areas - 40-60 cm. Deforested open areas are very often baked, snow is blown off them completely, or an insignificant layer remains, which leads to deep freezing of these areas and complicates farming.
1.4. Water
The district's waters are represented by surface waters - rivers, lakes, swamps, and the reservoir - by groundwater. Their regime and dynamics are determined by a complex combination of natural, climatic and anthropogenic factors.
1.4.1. Surface water
Most of the Okrug is characterized by insufficient provision of surface waters. In addition, the water of a number of surface springs is characterized by high mineralization and is suitable only for technical purposes.
The average module of surface runoff in the whole district does not exceed 1 l / s s km / ² and varies from 0.3-0.7 l / s s km² in the left-bank part of the district to 2.9-3.5 l / s s km² ... Locations with the highest flow modulus are in Osinsky and most of the Bayandayevsky districts, with the lowest flow modulus in Alarsky and Nukutsky.
The annual total runoff that forms within the administrative boundaries of the district is 1.1 km² per year, i.e. slightly more than 0.1% of the transit flow of the river. Hangars (Table 5).
Table 5
Surface runoff volume
DistrictArea, thousand sq. km
Average flow module, l / s sq. km
Surface runoff volume, cubic meters km / year
Angarsk
2,7
0,3
0,03
Bokhansky
3,7
1,3
0,15
Bayandayevsky
3,8
2,1
0,25
Nukutsky
2,4
0,5
0,04
Osinsky
4,4
2,9
0,40
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky
5,1
1,5
0,24
Total in the district:
22,1
1,6
1,11
One of the features of the district is the development of karst, which is highly developed in the coastal zone of the Bratsk reservoir, in the basin of the river. Kudy, in the vicinity of the villages of Gakhany, Khara-Nur-Khuta and Nukhe-Nur. The presence of karst is associated with the leakage of part of the surface water into karst massifs, which is especially noticeable in the basin of the Ides. Due to karst, some areas are devoid of surface watercourses.
Even rather large permanent streams are lost, crossing the karst massifs.
Along with the zones of absorption of surface waters, there are also zones of discharge. The discharge of karst waters is associated with the outflows of springs in the basin of the Wasps.
The Okrug's rivers belong to the Yenisei and Lensky basins. Watershed at the northeastern tip of the air. Most of the district's surface belongs to the basin of the r. Yenisei (Angara river and its tributaries), smaller - to the basin of the river. Lena.
The river network is poorly developed and unevenly developed (Table 6). It is represented by sections of the river. Angara with its right tributaries Kuda, Ida, Osoy and left rr. Zalari and Ungoi. The Angara carries its waters over the territory of the Okrug for 40 km and about 80 km along its border with the Usolsk and Irkutsk regions.
One of the main rivers of the district, Kuda, has a fairly extensive network of tributaries (Table 5). Its largest tributary is the Murin.
The density of the river network in the district varies from 0.1 to 1.0 km / km². The maximum is observed in the eastern part of the Okrug - in the interfluve of the river. Murin and Bulga. The minimum is in the left bank of the river. Angars and Ido-Osinsky interfluve. In the central part of the Okrug, the density of the river network is 0.2-0.3 km / km².
By the type of water regime and the nature of the feeding, the rivers in the Okrug belong to the Sredne-Angarsk hydrological region of the Irkutsk region. The rivers are fed by mixed water, snow, rain and, to a lesser extent, groundwater. The river regime in this region is characterized by: spring floods with a rise in the water level from 1 to 4 m; summer rain floods, in some years exceeding the maximum flood; intermittent low-water period, with a low water level up to the drying up of individual rivers in summer and autumn; stable winter low-water period, sometimes accompanied by complete freezing of rivers.
Table 6
Characteristics of the rivers of Ekhirit-Bulagat region
Ust-Orda Buryat District
RiverAnnual flow volume, million cubic meters m
(observation point)
Angara (prospect tributary of the Yenisei)
763100 (village Buret)
Zalari (left tributary of the Angara)
15, 5 (item Novonukutsky)
Unga (left tributary of the Angara)
15.5 (Semenovsky village)
Ida (ave. Tributary of the Angara)
103 (d. Morozova)
Where (ave. Tributary of the Angara)
56.9 (p. Bozoy)
443 (village Granoschina outside the district)
Murin (left tributary of the Kuda)
15.0 (village Zagatui)
Obus (avenue tributary of the Osa)
101 (d. Gorkhon)
Osa (ave. Tributary of the Angara)
143 (s. Osa)
Kulenga (left tributary of the Lena)
271 (village Belousovo outside the district)
Manzurka (left tributary of the Lena)
303 (d. Zueva outside the district)
High water occurs in April-May and lasts 35-40 days. During this period, in the territory with intensive distribution of karst, the runoff is 35-50%, and in the rest - 55-60% of the annual. After the spring rise, the water level decreases to minimum values, up to the drying up of small rivers, and remains for 15-20 days until the beginning of summer floods associated with rainfall in the second half of summer. 2-3 rain floods come along the rivers with a high rise of water up to 1 m, in rainy years - from 1.5 to 2 m. Summer runoff in rivers is 30-35% of the annual. In the autumn, the water level in the rivers is stable and gradually decreases to minimum values \u200b\u200bbefore freezing.
At the end of October, the rivers freeze over. The ice cover lasts from 160 to 170 days. Its thickness is 0.8-1.5 m. In places where rivers freeze to the bottom, ice forms, which increase the thickness of the ice to 2 m.
Suspended sediment runoff is determined by erosional activity of rivers and anthropogenic factors. Depending on the erosion activity, it changes from the turbidity of the water in the rivers. The average erosion coefficient for the territory of the district is 7.0 t / km² per year, turbidity is from 25 to 50 g / m³. The rivers within the Manzur and Onotskaya uplands, as well as in the upper reaches of the Osa and Obusa are characterized by low turbidity. In the middle and lower reaches, turbidity increases. The main share of sediments falls on the period of spring floods and rain floods (80-90% of the annual). Turbidity and sediment runoff in low-water periods decreases from source to mouth due to weakening of the erosional activity of streams and an increase in water discharge. In the period of floods, an inverse relationship is observed.
Hydrochemical characteristics of rivers. Mineralization of river waters is determined by the climatic conditions of the region, the geological structure of the territory, the type of soil and the characteristics of the vegetation cover. The rivers of the Okrug form the chemical composition in the southern part of the Irkutsk amphitheater among heavily gypsum sedimentary rocks of the Cambrian age in conditions of insufficient moisture. Waters of hydrocarbonate and sulfate types, with increased and high mineralization, are formed here. The sulphate type includes water pp. Idy, Ungi, Kudy, the rest - to hydrocarbonate.
The salinity of surface waters varies throughout the year. It is the smallest in the period of spring floods and amounts to 100-200 mg / l for most rivers, and 250-300 mg / l for Ida, Osa, Unga, but during the flood period it may decrease by 1.5-2.0 times. The greatest mineralization is observed during the winter low-water period before the beginning of snow melting, when the rivers are fed mainly by groundwater. During this period, it reaches 1000 mg / l. And it varies within 500-1000 mg / l.
Thus, the waters of the Okrug's rivers can be classified as fresh with a low degree of mineralization in spring, medium - in summer, and high - in winter.
1.4.2. Lakes
In terms of size, most of the district's lakes have an area of \u200b\u200bless than 1 km². The largest, located in the western part, is the lake. Alats. Its length is 4 km and its maximum width is 0.5 km. Lake Alaty is flowing. The river flows into it and flows out of it. Alar. The flow rate of the lake contributes to the rapid exchange of water in it. In total, there are more than 100 lakes within the okrug. The largest reservoirs are located in the left-bank part of the river basin. Hangars. In the right-bank half of the district, the lakes are much smaller in area, from one to several tens of hectares. For example, in the river basin. There are 71 lakes in Kuda, but their total area is only about 2 km².
Lakes in the Okrug belong to three genetic groups: karst, thermokarst and floodplain.
Karst lakes are found in the northwestern part of the Okrug, in the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky and Bayandayevsky regions. The largest Karst lake is Lake. Khara-Nur, located on the right bank of the river. Stoves. The lake is 300 m long and 200 m wide. It has a runoff in the river. Blow. The water in the lake is low-mineralized, hydrocarbonate class, calcium.
Thermokarst lakes are common in the eastern and northeastern parts of the Okrug. On the bottoms of valleys and valleys, in river valleys. Karst and thermokarst lakes are often found in the same area.
The largest thermokarst lake. Nukhe-Nur, located in the middle part of the Zadai-Tologoi valley, fills a depression on the surface of a high terrace. Its length is 60 m, width is 10 m, the prevailing depth is 4-5 m. The total mineralization in the lake is high - 6500 mg / l, the water has a bitter taste, the concentration of sulfates prevails - 4365 mg / l. A group of lakes of thermokarst origin of smaller sizes is concentrated in one and a half - two kilometers north of Lake Nukhe-Nur. There are similar lakes in the Kurlunkun valley, in the area of \u200b\u200bdd. Idyga, Bahai and Bayandai. They are shallow, 1.0-1.5 meters deep, their length, as a rule, does not exceed 200 m, and their width is 100 m. The banks are highly swampy, overgrown with sedge and reeds.
There are not many floodplain lakes. They are elongated and small in size. Lake is a large floodplain lake. Ordynskoe. Its water surface area is 36.5 hectares. The lake has an elongated pear-shaped shape. Two well-defined promontories jut into its middle part. The length of the lake is more than 900 m, the maximum width of the western section is 350 m, the eastern one is 500 m, the maximum depth is 16 m. The coastline is slightly indented and has a length of about 3 km. On the western extremity, a small bay turns into the river bed. Ordushki.
The floodplain lakes should also include oxbow reservoirs formed as a result of meandering of the river bed.
According to the chemical composition of rivers, most of the lakes are hydrocarbonate-calcium. By the level of mineralization, they are fresh, with the amount of salts in the range of 500-800 mg / l. Lakes of karst origin are highly mineralized. They have a high content of sulfates and magnesium.
There are several dozen ponds within the okrug. Many of the previously existing ponds have now been liquidated. Only in the river basin. Where there were about a hundred.
Considering that water resources for domestic and domestic water supply are very limited, an increase in the degree of their use can only be ensured by regulating the flow by restoring destroyed ponds. Being the main regulators of runoff, they have a sufficiently high level of groundwater near their water areas.
1.4.3. The groundwater
On a hydrogeological basis, the territory of the Okrug belongs to the East Siberian artesian region, which occupies a huge space from the Taimyr Peninsula in the north to Baikal in the south, and is completely located within the even larger Angara-Lena artesian basin.
In a vertical section, groundwater can be subdivided into two hydrogeochemical zones or two floors. The upper floor occupies the uppermost part of geological formations and stands out due to the fact that its waters have a close water exchange with atmospheric precipitation and surface waters of rivers and lakes. Mainly oxygen-nitrogen and nitrogen waters of atmospheric supply are developed here. In areas of permafrost development, this level includes suprapermafrost hydrocarbonate waters. The thickness, thickness or depth of the waters of this floor is 200 m within the district.
The waters of the lower floor have no connection with the surface of the day and do not participate in the modern circulation of natural waters. They are of sedimentogenic, less often ancient infiltration origin. In this regard, the salinity and chemical composition of these waters largely reflect the composition and salinity of the waters of ancient seas, in which the accumulation of water-bearing rocks took place.
The suprapermafrost hydrocarbonate waters of the upper floor have a salinity of up to 0.5-1.0 g / kg, and in areas with a shallow occurrence of halogen formations up to 3-10 and even 50-100 g / kg. Fresh waters here are hydrocarbonate calcium or slightly saline with mineralization up to 10 g / kg, sulphate calcium, chloride-sulphate sodium-calcium, sulphate-chloride calcium-sodium. There are also highly saline waters with a salinity of more than 35 g / kg.
The waters of the lower floor are mainly methane, nitrogen-methane, less often nitrogen thermal and cold stratal waters. According to the degree of mineralization, among these waters there are very strong (up to 350 g / kg) and even super-strong (up to 410-420 g / kg) brines with methane gases of petroleum type, with hydrogen sulfide, potassium, strontium.
The temperature of the Okrug groundwater near the surface of the platform foundation will change from 10 to 40 ° C, that is, it falls into the zone of cold, warm and slightly hot waters.
The waters of the upper floor have quite significant dynamic resources and provide river flow in winter. So, for example, the flow rate of the river. Hangars due to underground feeding during the winter low-water period is 550-600 m³ / s.
At the first drilling operations (just north of the Novonukutskiy settlement) up to 200 m underground waters of the upper hydrogeochemical level are encountered, represented at first by fresh hydrocarbonate waters with salinity up to 0.5 g / kg. Then, closer to the mark of 200 m, they are replaced by salty (1-3 g / kg) sulphate-calcium and sulphate-chloride calcium-sodium. The widespread Middle Cambrian variegated sulphate rocks allow us to assume such mineralization.
In the interval of 200-680 m of this hypothetical drilling, one can find underground waters of the second or lower hydrogeochemical level, represented at first by saline sodium chloride (1-35 g / kg) waters, and then by brines (35-140 g / kg). Such mineralization and composition of waters are most likely, since at the beginning of the interval, the enclosing rocks will be limestone, dolomite, anhydrite, and gypsum, and closer to the end of the interval, beds of rock salt of the Early Cambrian age.
Under the pressure of the overlying layers, groundwater can rise rather high from the places of formation, not only in wells, but also in zones weakened by faults. Thus, for example, the daytime deep brines in the form of open or buried, emerging at the bottom of rivers and lakes, discharge centers reach. But most often they do not rise to the surface of the earth, but form underground lakes and hidden sources of discharge. The latter greatly complicate the extraction of fresh groundwater for household and drinking water supply and significantly worsen the geoecological situation.
Subaerial and especially hidden centers of brine discharge on the territory of the Okrug are widespread in the Alarsky, Nukutsky, Osinsky and Bokhansky regions, in the valleys of the river. Ungi, Osa and on the coast of the Bratsk reservoir (area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Khadahan).
In the valley of the river. Kamenki, 18 km north-west of Bayandai village, karst sinkholes 18 m deep and up to 200 m wide. There is a lake in which brines are unloaded, which makes the water salinity at a depth of 2-3 meters up to 190 g / l.
At the interval of 680-1940 meters, you will have to drill a well in completely saline and carbonate rocks, in this regard, you will probably have to face calcium chloride brines with a salinity of 140-350 g / kg, and closer to the end of the interval and with brines with a salinity of 270 meters even more 350 g / kg. In the drilling interval 1940-2660 meters, i.e. up to the platform foundation, there will be a slight decrease in the salinity of brines to 270-350 g / kg and a change in the chemical composition of water to chloride calcium-sodium.
Further, there will be very strong metamorphic crystalline rocks of the platform basement, containing only fissure and fissure-vein waters in the fault zones, which in composition and size of mineralization corresponds to the more common brines, possibly of juvenile origin.
1.5. Soil
The soil cover of the region is well studied. Soddy forest brown soils are widespread on the slopes and watersheds. They lie under pine forests on the products of destruction of mountain Jurassic rocks and make up about 15% of the district's territory. The humus horizon with a thickness of 20 cm contains 3-8% humus, pH is slightly acidic, the mechanical composition is sandy loam.
Let us present the profile and chemical composition of humus-carbonate soils of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region (Table 7).
Table 7
Chemical composition of humus-carbonate soils
Power,cm
Humus,
Nitrogen
Move.
phosphorus
pH
Calcium
Sodium
Echirit-
Bulagat-
sky
0-18
6,0
0,404
7,0
36,31
1,93
20-32
4,06
0,234
7,0
28,81
40-60
1,93
7,2
24,28
Humus-carbonate gray and brown soils have the following morphological structure:Ekhirit-Bulagat district, Kuda river, slope with birch forest .
A0 - absent.
A 0-18 cm. Dark brown, up to 3 cm silty, and below a pronounced granular structure. Medium loamy, with significant skeletal content. The transition to the next horizon is gradual.
At 18-35 cm. Brown, silty-granular structure with a significant content of the skeleton.
From 35-78 cm. Light brown with a whitish tint from the high content of lime. Almost structureless, very loose, strongly skeletal. Crushed stone from calcareous-clay rock follows from 78 cm. The soil boils from a depth of 15 cm.
Soddy-calcareous soils occupy about 30% of the territory of the district and are located on different relief elements under forest and meadow-steppe vegetation. Subtypes are distinguished brown (on red-colored loams) and gray (on the products of weathering of limestones and dolomites). Soil profile up to 80-100. The humus horizon is 15-20 cm, humus in the 0-5 cm layer is up to 14%. Carbonates in leached soils occur at a depth of 50 cm, in typical soils, close to the surface, pH is neutral or slightly alkaline. Mechanical composition - heavy loam.
Gray forest soils with signs of podzolization, formed on the deluvium of Jurassic sandstones. Distributed on the left bank of the river. Hangars on the Idinsko-Kudinsky interfluve make up 10% of the district's territory. These are loamy and sandy loam soils with a humus horizon of 5 to 30 cm and a humus content of 2 to 5%, and in dark gray up to 10%. On carbonate-free deposits, the pH is acidic; on carbonates in the lower part of the profile, it is alkaline. Phytocenosis of gray forest soils.
Podzolic soils (1% of the Okrug's territory) are found in separate spots on watersheds and ancient terraces under light coniferous and moss forests. The thickness of the podzolic horizon is 7-15 cm, the humus horizon is 5-15 cm, the humus contains 1-4%, and the pH is acidic.
In the soil cover of the Okrug, a significant role (up to 10%) is played by medium-thick and thin srene-humus chernozems. They develop on a carbonate base and have a lumpy-silty structure. They are located on the surface of terraces and at valley slopes under steppe and meadow-steppe vegetation. Parent rocks are loess-like and heavy loams. On steeper slopes, they are replaced by low-humus and thin washed-out rubble chernozems. In the valley of the river. Kuda on the raised areas there are chernozem-like solonetzic low-humus soils.
In the lower parts of the valleys, the soils are chernozem-like, slightly solonetsous. Among chernozems, solonetzic ones account for 75%, leached - 20% and carbonate - 5%. In accordance with the subtypes, the thickness of the humus horizon changes - 40-30-20 cm, the depth of occurrence of carbonates - 70-10-0 cm.High humus content (16-17%) in leached chernozems, in the rest - 7.5-8.5 %; The pH of the carbonate-free horizons is weakly acidic, the pH of the carbonate horizons is slightly alkaline. Mechanical composition - medium and heavy loams. Profile of chernozem soil located on a meadow terrace of the river. Murin in an iron meadow, given in the book by I. V. Nikolaev "Soils of the Irkutsk Region", is as follows:
A0 0-5 cm. Dark brown. The granular-silty structure is poorly expressed.
A2 5-35 cm. Dark in color, loamy, lumpy-powdery. The transition is gradual.
В1 39-69 cm. Brown, with dark spots, lumpy-powdery, medium loam. The transition is gradual.
B2 72 cm and below. Reddish brown with dark streaks. Light loam. Gray. Boils from 35 cm.
Leached and solonetzic chernozems are located within the Lena-Angara steppe. They are strictly confined to the middle and partly to the lower parts of the watersheds. The soil-forming rocks of chernozems are loess-like loams and sandy loams.
Carbonate chernozems have a humus horizon within 20-35 cm. The color of horizon A is brownish-gray or grayish-brown. The structure is finely lumpy, the constitution is loose. Carbonates rise to the surface. At a depth of 5-10 cm from the surface, pseudomycelium appears. Horizons A are underlain by a thin layer of loess-like loam, 20-40 cm in size.
Solonetzic chernozems for the described area are a fairly common subtype. The thickness of their humus horizon, as a rule, does not exceed 30 cm. The color of the rocks of the horizon is brownish-gray or grayish-brown. The structure is lumpy, turning into a columnar structure. The uppermost layer of horizon A, 3-5 cm thick, is dispersed and structureless, and the rest of it is compacted; carbonates in the humus horizon are most often found at a depth of about 10 cm from the surface. This type of chernozem is alkaline, deeply boiling.
On the territory of the district, about 12% of the total area falls on meadow chernozem soils. They are located on the bottoms of dry hollows, low parts of slopes and depressions of the microrelief on ancient terraces. An increased amount of moisture accumulates on these soils due to its inflow from higher-lying surfaces and due to the presence of long-term seasonal permafrost, which lasts much longer than on positive relief elements.
Meadow-chernozemic soils are formed under grass-forb steppe meadows and sparse birch forests with a richly developed grass cover. A large mass of herbaceous vegetation in harsh climatic conditions does not have time to completely decompose. Therefore, meadow chernozem soils are distinguished by a large thickness of the humus horizon - on average, up to 0.6-1.0 meters and more. The humus content is 9-15%, often 20% or more, the pH of the upper horizons is slightly acidic and neutral.
Below is a description of the meadow-chernozem soils on the river. Kuluta Ekhirit-Bulagat region.
A0 0-60 cm. Intensely dark in color, loose, completely structureless to a depth of 35 cm; below it, finely lumpy fragile detachments are mixed with it. The transition of horizons is gradual.
At 60-120 cm. The color is variegated. Humus spots alternate with parent rock spots. A fragile lumpy structure.
From 120 cm and below carbonate loam. Boils from 75-80 cm.
The negative elements of the relief are characterized by boggy silty-gley, humus-peaty soils. Peat thickness is up to 30 cm.
The most valuable in agriculture are chernozems, sulfur forest and sod-calcareous brown soils. Their natural fertility is reduced as a result of long-term economic use, violation of agrotechnical methods of tillage, light texture of chernozems and gray forest soils, lack of moisture, which can be compensated for by reclamation methods. Soddy-calcareous loamy soils are subject to water erosion.
The plowing of forests in some areas, where up to 60% of the area has been developed, has led to a change in the potential soil fertility and deterioration of the quality of land.
1.6. Vegetation
The vegetation of the area is rich and varied. At present, it is quite fully studied thanks to the works of many Siberian botanists (Novokonov, 1984; Popov, 1957, 1957, 1959; Frolova, 1960, 1979; Peshkova, 1972.1985; Malyshev, Peshkova, 1984)
The flora of the region is rich and varied and includes about 800 plant species, 366 genera, 84 families from the departments: angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Besides them, there are many dozens of species from the bryophyte and lichen divisions. Plants of different departments play different roles in the vegetation cover of the district. For example, the species diversity of gymnosperms is small, only 7 species, but their family representatives form the coniferous taiga in the vast territories of the Okrug. The overwhelming majority of species, about 770, are flowering plants. They dominate in almost all phytocenoses. The most floristically rich among them are the well-known families: aster (Asteraceae) - 98 species, bluegrass (cereals) - 75, sedge - 56, buttercup - 40, cabbage (cruciferous) - 35, clove - 29, liliaceae - 22, buckwheat and umbrella - 21 species. Of the other families, a notable role is played by redwoods - 20, lambic (labiate) - 18, haze (swan) - 17, willow and orchid - 16 species each, borage - 14, violet - 13, primroses - 11, saxifrage - 10 species. The listed 20 families of flowering plants account for 79% of the district's flora, excluding mosses and lichens. (fig. 10).
Figure: 10. Vegetation cover[ 5 ]
Plants that prefer to live in dry places, xerophytes, there are 384 species in the district. In the forests there are 240 species, mainly mesophytes. In meadows and bogs, under conditions of sufficient or excessive moisture, 295 species of mesophytes and hygromesophytes grow. There are 32 species of aquatic-coastal hydrophytes and hygrophytes, and 90 species of weed-ruderal and roadside species.
The flora of the district includes many useful plants: food, forage, medicinal, technical, melliferous, etc.
Edible wild plants are quite common. The flora of the district contains over 100 species of edible plants. In terms of their nutritional value and taste, they are not inferior to cultural ones. Unfortunately, in Siberia, not all of them are used for food. For a long time, berry plants have been of the greatest interest: currants, raspberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, honeysuckle, strawberries and strawberries, as well as bird cherry. Their tasty and healthy fruits are consumed fresh or used for making jam, jams, fruit drinks, vitamin drinks and juices.
Species from the families of buckwheat, liliaceae, cereals, umbrella, cruciferous, asteraceae, and others are of great nutritional value. Various dishes can be prepared from wild plants: soups, cereals, salads, drinks, and even bake bread. The richest in proteins are nettles, sorrel, quinoa; The rhizomes of many aquatic and coastal plants are distinguished by a high starch content, and the rhizomes of the bracken fern contain starch up to 40-46%, birch sap is rich in sugars. There is also enough high-vitamin salad greens in the neighborhood: these are wild onions and garlic, dandelion, shepherd's purse, large plantain, medium starweed and biting, etc.
When collecting food plants, remember that they will be beneficial if they are collected in ecologically clean places, away from major highways and factories.
Certain conditions must be observed when collecting medicinal plants, which are also rich in the flora of the area. About 300 plant species can be used to treat various ailments.
In the forest, in the field and even on the roads, "medicines" grow. For colds and coughs, diaphoretic syrups from raspberries, lingonberries, as well as flowering heads of meadow clover, licorice roots or infusions of thyme, caraway seeds, pine buds help well.
Wild fodder plants are bread for animals. There are over 200 species of them in the hayfields and pastures of the district. The highest lumpy qualities are possessed by cereals and legumes as a source of valuable proteins and carbohydrates. Among the legumes are clover, alfalfa, sweet clover, rank, peas - vetch, sainfoin; among cereals - bluegrass, wheatgrass, rump, barley, foxtail, timothy grass, feather grass, raspberry, fescue, tonkonog, etc. Animals love to feast on odorous and bitter, as well as salty and sour herbs, which improve appetite, help to cure disease. Such herbs include dandelion, wormwood, yarrow, sorrel, quinoa, and hodgepodge.
Almost all insect pollinated plants belong to melliferous plants. Sources of honey are nectar and pollen. In beekeeping, legumes (biting, alfalfa, sweet clover, sainfoin), many rosaceous plants (wild rose, cinquefoil, meadowsweet), various umbelliferous, buckwheat, labiate, and cinquefoil plants and, of course, willow tea, which grows in abundance along forest glades and along roads.
There are many other useful plants in the flora of the district, for example, technical ones that provide construction (conifers) and ornamental materials (baskets are woven from willow branches, brushes are knitted from feather grass leaves and sedges to whitewash walls). There are also essential oil plants - sources of aromatic substances for perfumery and medicine. These are calamus, or oily root, thyme, mint, valerian, wild rosemary, etc. Tannins necessary for special processing of animal skins, giving them elasticity and waterproofness, can be obtained from the bark of spruce, larch, and various types of willow.
Of the plants that are harmful to humans, weeds and poisonous herbs should be noted. Among them, there are three groups: weed-field, ruderal and roadside. Weeds of fields and gardens significantly reduce the yield of cultivated plants. They successfully compete with them, carry away a lot of nutrients, moisture, and intercept light. The greatest harm is caused by rhizome and root-sprout weeds, which reproduce intensively vegetatively. The most common among them are: creeping wheatgrass, field horsetail, field sow thistle, etc.
Ruderal or wasteland plants grow on wastelands near fences, on garbage and dung heaps, that is, on soils enriched with organic matter. They are usually distinguished by tall, erect stems, large, often thorny leaves. This motherwort is gray, deskureniya, rezuha, thistle, wormwood and paniculate.
Roadside plants have their own adaptations. Their stems are not high, recumbent, the leaves are small, and the large ones form basal rosettes. The veins in the leaves are very strong. Most often, there are plantain, dandelion, creeping clover, knotweed or bird buckwheat, disc-shaped chamomile among them.
The vegetation cover of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region is represented by a complex combination of steppes, meadows, swamps and thickets of bushes.
Steppe mud of vegetation. Steppe vegetation, as a rule, does not stretch in wide strips (2-10 km) along the river. Angars, Wasps, Ida, Ungi, Kuda and their tributaries. The steppes occupy a small area in comparison with forests. Distributed over the elevated areas of floodplain and above floodplain terraces and adjacent mountain slopes. The latter have different steepness and carry the most diverse steppe vegetation, and the highly dissected relief allows for the existence of a number of steppe groupings of different ecology. According to G.A. Peshkova (1969), 5 subtypes of steppes can be distinguished in the Angara region: meadow, true, saz, desert and mountain.
Meadow steppes are located on gentle slopes and lower terraces above the floodplain on the most fertile, powerful humus horizons of chernozems. Of these, the most common are the eastern steppes from the Vostrets or branched leumus. The basis of the grass stand of the meadow steppes is made up of grasses: branched raspberry, long-legged bluegrass, fine-legged comb, and crested wheatgrass. Of legumes, there are quite a lot of sickle alfalfa, and of other herbs - goat foliage, wormwood, sweet onion, stemless cinquefoil and strawberries. Here, but along the higher crests of the terraces above the floodplain and along the slopes with light sandy soils, thin-legged fescue steppes are spread. Dominant in them are fescue, or Valissian fescue, or fine-legged comb. The herbage contains abundant sedge, Siberian thyme (thyme), Veronica white-tomentose, stemless cinquefoil. The set of these grasses indicates a state of severe vegetation failure under the influence of grazing.
The feather-grass meadow steppes are also characterized by a variety of species composition and splendor of the herbage. Among cereals, besides feather grass, bluegrass, awnless rump, fluffy oats, and steppe timothy are common here. In the forbs, along with the steppes (tuberous zopnik, true bedstraw, sandy sainfoin, small krasodnev, dwarf lily), meadow-forest and forest cannon species are often found (lupine clover, Siberian adonis, bearded wrestler, fragrant coupena, long-haired anemone). Strawberry clumps and glades are also characteristic, sometimes separated into independent associations.
Of the real ones, there are often sputnik with hair-like feather grass, wheatgrass and serpentine steppes. They are distributed along the southern slopes of ridges and high terraces with leached sandy loam chernozems. Tyrs steppes form a large number of associations, which is explained by the ability of feather grass to grow on soils that are diverse in chemical and mechanical composition. The bulk of herbage is formed by a large number of associations, which is explained by the ability of feather grass to grow on soils that are diverse in chemical and mechanical composition. The bulk of the herbage is formed by grasses: feather grass, Lena fescue, fine-footed comb, and comb cereals. Forbs are also rich in floristic terms. Here are presented cold wormwood, alpine aster, pale yellow scabiosa, cinquefoil forked, Angara astragalus, common edelweiss and other species. The species composition varies depending on the microrelief. In the depressions, the grass stand is distinguished by its high density and lush development, an abundance of meadow species.
Both meadow and real steppes have undergone plowing due to the fact that they are confined to more or less flat sloping areas with relatively fertile soils.
Saz steppes are spread over meadow saline soils on the first above-floodplain terraces of many rivers, especially the rivers. Zalari, Ungi, Kuda. The highest areas of these terraces are occupied by the Chinensis Vostrets, on weak depressions - by the Pabo Vostrets, and closer to the terraces they give way to thickets of brilliant chium. Depending on the predominance of one or another cereal, formations of the Vostrets and Chia steppes are distinguished. These grasses are usually accompanied by halophytic grasses: thin-flowered wormwood, lanceolate thermopsis, Siberian mountaineer, creeping kochia, Russian and saline slider, Kornut plantain, Gmelin kermek, cold wormwood, saltpeter wormwood.
The subtype of desert steppes includes the saltpeter-wormwood formation, which is also found, like the saz steppes, on the first above-floodplain terraces of the river. Unga, Kuda and other tributaries of the Angara. The edificator of these steppes - saltpeter wormwood - is accompanied by the same plants as in the saz steppes, but much more often here in microdepressions there are spotted associations of saltwort, European saltwort, sveda sveda, common tripoli, tellungiella solonetz, and seaside milky.
From the mountain steppes, fescue steppes from Lena fescue are noted, and on flat terraces on soils with a thin humus horizon and a light texture, bluegrass steppes from racemose and elongated bluegrass. Very often, sometimes over large areas, there are three formations that are close in floristic composition: cold wormwood, stemless papchak and thyme. These steppes develop along steep southern slopes, as well as on stony-gravelly soils in flat areas. These plants tend to endure strong trampling. On overgrazed pastures, around watering places, they begin to dominate in the place of feather grass, Vostrets, or thin-legged steppes.
The steppes in combination with aspen and birch, less often pine forb-steppe forests create a peculiar look of the Priangarskaya forest-steppe.
Meadow and bog vegetation. Meadows develop along the bottoms of river valleys. Depending on the moisture conditions, there are real, steppe, boggy and peaty meadows.
Real meadows in the treeless part of the Okrug grow on meadow-chernozem and soddy-meadow soils along the elevated sections of river valleys. Their herbage is heterogeneous. The cereal base is formed by creeping wheatgrass, meadow bluegrass, meadow fescue, awnless rump, giant bent grass, meadow foxtail. The herbage is dominated by caraway, common and Buryat, common burnet, meadow clover, meadow rank, yarrow, meadow geranium, many types of buttercup. Downstream, in river valleys, the salinity of soddy meadow soils increases. The first witnesses of the appearance of readily soluble salts in the soil are usually two grains: short-awned barley and reed foxtail. These meadows represent the halophytic variant of true large-grasslands. They are used as grasslands. Their herbage is lushly developed, the projective cover is 100%, the height is 50-60 cm. Besides cereals, various herbs are constantly found. On the plots used for grazing, goose cinquefoil, salt marsh creeper, stemless sow thistle, veinless sedge, astragalus furrowed, bitter sassurea, Siberian mountaineer, sea sorrel, seaside triplet appear. The grass becomes sparse, and the exposed soil areas are covered with field crusts.
On less humid slopes and terraces, steppe meadows are developed. They have a smaller projective cover, up to 70-80%, and other dominants appear in the herbage. Among cereals, these are narrow-leaved bluegrass and steppe timothy; from legumes - alfalfa, sweet clover, pleasant peas. Excessive moistened swampy meadows on meadow-boggy soils are formed by sedge, reed, and bekmanievy formations. On peaty meadows on purulent-peaty-gley soils on permafrost, purple reed grass, turf pike, turf sedge, cotton grass dominate. These, as a rule, are barren, unproductive meadows.
All meadows are fodder lands. When used correctly, they can be highly efficient hayfields and pastures.
Swamps occupy a small part of the district's territory. Together with meadows, they form complexes in widened river valleys and belong to the lowland type. Bogs often feed on suprapermafrost permafrost, less often groundwater. Soils are meadow-boggy, saline to varying degrees, as well as sod-meadow permafrost with well-defined gleying in the lower suprapermafrost part. These are herbaceous and moss-herbaceous, shrub and tree-shrub swamps. Moss swamps overgrown with birch, spruce and larch are common in the forested area. Hypnum mosses grow on hummocks of such bogs, and cuckoo flax and sphagnum grow in inter-nominal depressions. The wild rosemary, blueberry, cloudberry, as well as marsh horsetail and various sedge species grow singly. Of other plants, there are marsh hamedafne, narrow-leaved cotton grass. In the steppe regions, saline lowland bogs are widespread, in which grasses play a significant role: marsh marigold, three-leafed watch, marsh cinquefoil, marsh tricuspid, salt marsh gorilla. This type of vegetation is partially used for mowing, and after reclamation is involved in agricultural production. Swamps in the upper reaches of rivers are of extremely important water protection and water regulation importance.
7. Animal world
The fauna of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region is rich. More than 50 of the 100 species of mammals inhabiting the south of Eastern Siberia are represented here. Of the 274 bird species inhabiting the Irkutsk region, up to 70% of the total species composition is found in the district.
The taiga complex of the district belongs to the southern taiga faunistic complex of the Irkutsk region. It occupies a fairly large area. Of the birds, representatives of the order of chickens are most characteristic here, which remain wintering in the taiga, and therefore are well adapted to the harsh conditions of the cold season. Chickens lead a terrestrial lifestyle, food - catkins, buds, shoots, needles - are obtained mainly from trees.
The largest representative of this order is the common wood grouse. Male weight 3-5, 6 kg. In late March - early April, wood grouses begin to visit traditional places where they go. They walk in the snow and take each other away. Males sing in the evening, first in the trees, and after the dawn they descend to the ground, where capercaillies fly up to them. Wood grouse chicks are born in 26 days and grow quickly. After 10 days, they can fly up trees. The composition of the food of these birds changes with age according to seasons. Chicks feed on insects, then eat flowers, and at the end of summer - berries, seeds, green parts of plants. In winter, wood grouses eat pine nuts and needles. Quite numerous from the order of chickens - hazel grouse, less common grouse. They hunt chickens mainly by shooting from a gun, in the fall they hunt with a husky, and in the spring they hunt on the current. Summer brood hunting is prohibited.
Among other birds of the taiga zone, the black woodpecker is widespread, and a large number of passerines: waxwing, bluetail, flycatchers, nightingales, as well as siskins, tap dance, bullfinch, schur, crossbill, nutcracker, jay, jay, kysha, pika, titmouse; from the order of owls - the great gray owl. Some birds store supplies for the winter.
The black stork is found in dense high-trunk forests. This rare species is listed in the Red Data Book of the Irkutsk Region and Russia.
Mammals in the process of evolution have developed a number of adaptations for existence in the taiga zone - these are wider paws for walking in the snow, a fluffier tail, and sometimes a change in color to match the color of the snow. From the order of animals, a bear lives here, which is omnivorous and hibernates for the winter, a columnar, characterized by reddish snow. The lynx is a typical inhabitant of the taiga; it feeds on forest birds, rodents, and hares. It hunts at dusk. In size, it reaches 1 m in length with a low weight of 8 - 15 kg. Usually in the taiga, the weasel is the smallest predator, the ermine, less often there is a wolverine, which is called the hyena of the north, since it eats carrion but can hunt rodents and birds.
From the order of rodents in the taiga there are usually: squirrels, flying squirrels, chipmunks and voles.
Of the artiodactyls, the elk is the most adapted for life in the taiga. He easily walks through swamps, can swim. The elk feeds on various plants, in winter it eats shoots of young pine, aspen, willow, with a slight frost gnaws at the bark of trees. This often has a negative effect on forest vegetation, often trees dry up and die. Wolves can sometimes be attacked by bears, especially young animals and calves. Snowy winters have a detrimental effect on the moose population. The meat of the animal will have a good taste, its skin is very tasty. Other ungulates on the territory of the district include red deer - a subspecies of red deer.
This complex is most favorable for animal habitation, since it includes a deciduous multi-tiered forest, shrubs and grasses are not uncommon. The most characteristic birds of this complex are the great and lesser spotted woodpeckers, the worm-necks; goshawk, sparrowhawk, black kite, buzzard; hawk and long-eared owls; forest pipit, shrike, several species of blackbirds, warblers, crickets, titmice, buntings - common, red, dubrovnik, etc. Some of the birds of deciduous forests remain to winter, for example, goldfinch, crow, magpie, etc. , are the blue magpie (noted on the Kude River near the village of Kapsal; currently, its range is expanding; it settles in floodplain forests, along river banks, leads a nomadic way of life. Nests on willow, bird cherry at a height of 1.5 m); the mistress is a large thrush. Recorded in Nukutsky and Ekhirit-Bulagatsky districts (dd. Bakhtai and Kudareyka).
A viviparous lizard lives in this zone, preferring wet places.
Among the amphibians on the territory of this complex, there is a sharp-faced frog, which is less demanding on humidity than the Siberian one, and hibernates on land.
Mammals of the taiga zone can also be observed in the forest-steppe zone. Of the artiodactyl order, the most typical roe deer, which prefers mixed forests with well-developed undergrowth and grass cover. In winter, the roe deer feeds all day long. In summer it feeds on grass, leaves, thin shoots of trees and shrubs, in winter - on twigs, digs out grass and lichens from under the snow. Many animals die from exhaustion and epizootics. Roe deer are protected in many places. To increase its number, it is necessary to organize winter feeding and fight predators.
Animals and birds have an intense effect on the forest floor and soil. Many of them vigorously rummage through the bedding, looking for food. The forest litter is penetrated by whole labyrinths of surface passages of moles, voles, and shrews, which also contributes to its aeration and decomposition.
A significant part of animals and birds feed on other animals, exterminating a large number of forest pests. Insectivorous birds are the orderlies of the forest. The most useful birds living all year round are titmice, pikas, nuthatches and woodpeckers, which destroy insects at all stages of development. Along with birds, insects and mammals are destroyed: shrew, mole, bats, mouse-like rodents and badger. They eat the larvae of May beetles and leafworms.
Many forest birds and animals forage not only in the forest, but also outside it: in the fields, meadows.
These are the enemies of such dangerous pests of cultivated plants as wireworm, beet weevil, etc.
Forest birds of prey, owls and corvids systematically hunt field rodents. Pigeons, oatmeal and other granivorous birds destroy weed seeds, and collecting grains of cultivated plants in the fields, they reduce the food base of harmful mouse-like rodents. At the same time, some forest birds and animals become agricultural pests.
Some species of forest birds and animals spread various diseases, including those dangerous to humans and domestic animals. The encephalitis virus is transmitted to humans by ticks, the hosts of which at certain stages of development are chipmunks, hares, squirrels, wolves, hazel grouses, forest horses, etc. Predatory animals, partly rats and mice, can carry the rabies virus.
The forest-steppe complex is represented by predatory animals - the wolf and the fox, the light chorem and the badger; from the order of ungulates - roe deer; from the order of insectivores - the Siberian mole and the shrew. Of these, the rare ferret is listed in the Red Book of the Irkutsk region. It is marked along the river valley. Kuda. The ferret feeds on murine rodents and ground squirrels.
Rare birds of the forest-steppe complex, listed in the Red Book of the Irkutsk Region, are the small sparrowhawk; Saker Falcon is a large falcon with relatively wide wings; Asiatic snipegel.
There are few shelters in this zone, so there are few birds of prey to the steppes: red fawn, harrier, burial ground, steppe eagle. There are many more species from the order of passerines: lark, steppe pipit, black-headed chisel, field sparrow, etc. Almost all steppe birds run well and have a protective coloration. In winter, most of them leave the steppe due to lack of food. The Demoiselle Crane is very rare, listed in the Red Data Book of the Irkutsk Region and the USSR, - the smallest of the cranes, living in fescue-feather grass and wormwood-grass steppes with sparse grass stand. In recent years, the demoiselle crane has been nesting on farmland. It feeds on seeds and plant sprouts, insects, lizards and small rodents. Recorded on passage in the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky region, in the vicinity of the village. Kudareyka, Ust-Ordynsky, Elovka, Krasny Yar. In the summer it was seen in the Bayandayevsky district.
In the steppe and forest-steppe zones, there is an ordinary or nimble lizard listed in the Red Book of the Irkutsk region. The viper lives in the steppe, sometimes in the forest-steppe zone. It is a slow and phlegmatic snake. Its main food is voles, less often small birds.
Most mammals of the steppe zone belong to the order of rodents. This is a long-tailed ground squirrel, a tarbagan marmot and a field mouse, which has become rare and is listed in the Red Book of the Irkutsk region.
A rare species listed in the Red Book of the Irkutsk Region is the ogar - a red duck that nests in the hilly steppes in the presence of open water bodies. Bustards were once found in the Ekhirit-Bulagat steppes. Now this species from the Red Data Book of the Irkutsk Region and the RSFSR is extremely rare.
The fauna of the Bolt natural complexes and reservoirs is relatively diverse. Coot, shepherd, lapwing are more typical for marsh. The gray crane is rare. It is noted in the swampy areas of the river basin. Kuda. Among birds of prey there are: Marsh Harrier, from the order of owls - short-eared owl, etc.
Mammals settle near the reservoir: cutora, water rat.
Water bodies and river floodplains can be foci of tularemia. In the transmission of infection, the paramount role is played by near-water animals, as well as the Pasyuk rat living near humans.
Irkutsk region.
Ekhirit-Bulagat district: general information
Formed in 1918.
Population - 31.6 thousand people.
Area - 5.2 thousand km 2.
The average per capita income of the population is 5628 thousand rubles.
Calling code: + 7-39541.
The postal code is 669001.
The head of the district is Igor Petrovich Usov.
Administrative division
Social sphere
Education
The educational system of the municipality Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district includes:
40 educational institutions,
20 preschool educational institutions,
1 educational institution NGO / SPE,
2 institutions of additional education,
2 regional state educational institutions.
The situation with preschool institutions is under special control in the district. The queue for today is about 800 people. In 2013, this problem was removed in Aluzhino, where a kindergarten for 49 places was opened; in 2014, the picture will radically change in Ust-Orda. Of course, for the better. In the regional center, it is planned to hand over three kindergartens at once: two - for 98 places and one large, for 220 places. In a year, the construction of another one, designed for 147 children, will be completed. Thus, they will try very hard to fulfill the decree of the President of the Russian Federation and provide by 2016 with preschool education for all local residents aged 3 to 7 years.
While the construction of new kindergartens is underway, in Ust-Orda they are trying to solve the problem by expanding the existing ones. And in a rather unexpected way. The know-how of the “Yolochka” kindergarten is that a new group was opened in an apartment of a private house.
There are 4500 students and more than 500 teachers in the region. In 2010, according to Rospotrebnadzor estimates, three educational institutions - in Novonikolaevsk, Khabarovsk and Kharazargai - were found not to meet the requirements of SanPiN. They had to be seriously reconstructed in a hurry - about 15 million rubles were spent on each. And now here is the Ust-Ordynskaya secondary school № 1 named. V. Borsoeva, in which the speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Irkutsk Region Lyudmila Berlin once studied, is celebrating her half-century anniversary in a modern guise.
In 2013, a modern sports and recreation center was opened, which was named after Konstantin Baimeev. Football players, wrestlers, archers, representatives of other sports practice here literally from morning to night.
In 2013, 37 million was spent on the overhaul of the Ekhirit-Bulagat inter-settlement leisure center. The building, which turns 75 in 2014, was last renovated back in the 90s of the last century. In total, more than 2 thousand people are engaged in the Center, three dozen collectives of various orientations work, and eight of them bear the title of national.
Economy
One of the most successfully developing on the territory of Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district is the agricultural enterprise "Tugutuysky". They began in 2009 with the cultivation of 1,500 hectares of land, recalls the director of the enterprise Vladimir Monkhoev, the yield was 16 centners per hectare. Now about three thousand hectares are used for sowing, and up to 24 centners are harvested.
Up to 70 percent of sour cream and other dairy products sold by private traders in the Central Market and other markets are brought from the Ekhirit-Bulagat region.
Natives and residents of Ekhirit-Bulagat region
- Khaidurov Efim Leontievich - designer of sporting weapons, winner of the World and European Championships.
- Boronoev Asalkhan Olzonovich - Professor of Philosophy and Psychology, St. Petersburg State University.
- Manzhuev Gennady Nikolaevich - master of sports of the USSR and international class in freestyle wrestling, head of the representative office of the Republic of Buryatia in Mongolia.
- Badinnikov Viktor Yakovlevich - Academician, Rector of State Technical University (St.
- The essence of the dispute: Other claims
Claims Habitueva E.P. partially satisfy. Collect in favor of Habitueva E.P. from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation at the expense of the Treasury of the Russian Federation the lost labor retirement pension in the amount<данные изъяты> rub. The lawsuit against the Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the Ust-Orda Buryat District, FKU OIK-1 of the GUFSIN of Russia in the Irkutsk Region, and the GUFSIN of Russia in the Irkutsk Region should be denied. Refuse to satisfy the claim Habitueva E.P. on recovery of compensation for non-pecuniary damage ...
- The essence of the dispute: Disputes related to inheritance of property
Satisfy the claim of Boris Nikolayevich Kondratyev. Establish the fact that M, DD.MM.YYYY was born, a certificate of ownership of land series No. issued by DD.MM.YYYY Komzem Ekhirit-Bulagat district in which the person in whose name the certificate was issued is M, DD.MM .YYYY year of birth, No. (passport data). Establish the fact that Boris Nikolayevich Kondratyev accepted the inheritance that was opened after the death of the mother of M, DD.MM.YYYY.r., Who died DD.MM ...
151.
Decision of 5 September 2013 in case No. 12-50 / 2013
Resolution of the magistrate of the judicial district No. 134 of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region from *** on the recognition of R. M. Sabirov guilty of an administrative offense under Art. 12.8 h. 1 of the Administrative Code and the imposition of punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of 1 year 6 months - leave unchanged, the complaint of R. M. Sabirov - no satisfaction. This decision becomes effective immediately. Judge Asaeva L. A ....
152.
Judgment of 4 September 2013
Satisfy the claims of the Acting Prosecutor of Ekhirit-Bulagat region. To oblige the individual entrepreneur Berdanosov Alexander Dmitrievich to carry out certification of workplaces for working conditions, followed by certification of the organization of work on labor protection, to provide conditions for employees to undergo medical examinations. The court decision can be appealed to the Irkutsk Regional Court within a month from the date of the decision in the final form .. ...
153.
Judgment of 4 September 2013
The essence of the dispute: Disputes related to transactions with private houses and privatized apartments
To satisfy the claims of Andreeva Victoria Viktorovna and Andreeva Alexander Viktorovich. Sale and purchase agreement for an apartment and a land plot located at<адрес> from DD.MM.YYYY, concluded between Andreeva Victoria Viktorovna, Andreeva Alexander Viktorovich, on the one hand, and Chebotnyagina Olga Petrovna, acting for herself and in the interests of minor children A, G, M and R, on the other hand, to terminate ...
154.
Judgment of 4 September 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
Satisfy the statement of claim of Mikhailova Lidia Abokshinovna. To establish the fact of acceptance of Mikhailova Lidia Abokshinovna, DD.MM.YYYY, born in<адрес>, an inheritance that opened after the death of her father O, who died DD.MM.YYYY, in the form of a land share with an area<данные изъяты> ha. To recognize Mikhailova Lidia Abokshinovna, DD.MM.YYYY b., Ownership of a land share with an area<данные изъяты> ha ...
155.
Judgment of 3 September 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Disputes related to inheritance of property
Mazko Vladimir Stepanovich's claims on the restoration of the term for accepting the inheritance, establishing the fact of accepting the inheritance to satisfy. To restore Mazko Vladimir Stepanovich the deadline for accepting an inheritance in the form of an apartment with a total area<данные изъяты> sq. m located at<адрес>, the lost pension for December 2012, left after the death of M, deceased DD.MM.YYYY ...
156.
Judgment of September 2, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Complaints about wrong. deyst. (absent) - from violations of electoral legislation
In satisfaction of the statement of Yevgeny Trofimovich Bardakhanov on recognizing the decision of the Ekhirit-Bulagat territorial election commission from DD.MM.YYYY No. illegal and canceling it, the obligation of the Ekhirit-Bulagat territorial election commission to eliminate the violations, to refuse in full. The reasoned court decision will be made by DD.MM.YYYY. The court decision can be appealed to the Irkutsk Regional Court within 5 days from the date of the decision in the final form ...
157.
Judgment of September 2, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Other from public law relations
DD.MM.YYYY Ekhirit-Bulagatskoy TEC made a decision №, which appointed the election for the post of head of the MO "Ust-Ordynskoe" on September 08, 2013. DD.MM.YYYY by the decision of the election commission as a candidate for the post of head of the municipal formation, Eduard Borisovich Borkhodoev was registered, nominated by self-nomination ...
158.
Resolution of September 2, 2013 in case No. 5-39 / 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Administrative
... *** at 18.15 Zabanov A. K., driving a car of the brand "<данные изъяты>»License plate number, moving along the country road from the side<адрес> to the side<адрес> and crossing the 1P-418 highway for 64 km. when entering the main road from the secondary one, did not provide an advantage in movement and made a collision with a car of the brand "<данные изъяты>»License plate<данные изъяты> under the control of B2, which moved from the side<адрес> towards<адрес> on the main road ...
159.
Decision of September 2, 2013 in case No. 2-679 / 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
Statement by acting to satisfy the chief of FKU OIK-1 of the GUFSIN of Russia in the Irkutsk region. Establish in relation to Mikhailova O.V., born *** in<адрес>, administrative supervision in the form of administrative restrictions: -prohibit travel outside<адрес> EAO without the permission of the police authority, - to appear at the police station at the place of residence or stay for registration 2 times a month, for a period of one year for each restriction ...
160.
Judgment of 30 August 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
161.
Judgment of 30 August 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
Satisfy the claims of OJSC Alfa-Bank. Collect from Boroldoeva N.S. in favor of OJSC Alfa-Bank, debt under a loan agreement from *** in the amount of<данные изъяты> rubles, as well as the cost of paying the state fee in the amount of<данные изъяты> rub. The decision can be appealed to the Irkutsk Regional Court within one month from the date of its adoption. Judge Asaeva L. A ....
162.
Judgment of 30 August 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
163.
Judgment of 30 August 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
Dispute at heart: Other land-use disputes
The statement of claim of Vladimir Vasilyevich Kokourov should be partially satisfied. To invalidate the descriptions of the location of the boundaries and turning points of the land plot with the cadastral number, the permitted use is for running a personal subsidiary farm located on the lands of settlements, at the address:<адрес>...
164.
Judgment of August 29, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
Claims Elayeva T.S. to satisfy. To restore Elayeva T.S. term for acceptance of the inheritance, which opened after the death of *** husband E. The decision can be appealed to the Irkutsk Regional Court within one month from the date of its adoption. Judge Asaeva L. A ....
165.
Determination dated August 29, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
AND ABOUT. Head of the Ministry of Defense of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia "Ekhirit-Bulagatsky" And he applied to the court with this statement, in which he asks to establish administrative supervision in relation to Resenkov V.A. for a period of one year with the establishment of administrative restrictions. In support of the stated, he indicates that V. A. Resenkov has an unreleased (outstanding) conviction for committing a dangerous recidivism of crimes under Art. 111 part 1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Code) ...
166.
Judgment of August 29, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Other claims
Claims and.about. to satisfy the prosecutor of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region. To oblige the individual entrepreneur Tatyana Valerievna Popova to carry out certification of workplaces for working conditions with subsequent certification of the organization of work on labor protection, to provide conditions for employees to undergo medical examinations. The court decision can be appealed to the Irkutsk Regional Court within a month from the date of the decision in the final form. ...
167.
Judgment of August 29, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Labor disputes - others arising from labor
Claims and.about. to satisfy the prosecutor of the Ekhirit-Bulagat region. To oblige the individual entrepreneur Gubin Valery Filippovich to carry out certification of workplaces for working conditions, followed by certification of the organization of work on labor protection, to provide conditions for employees to undergo medical examinations. The court decision can be appealed to the Irkutsk Regional Court within a month from the date of the decision in the final form .. ...
168.
Judgment of August 29, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Disputes related to inheritance of property
In satisfying the claims of Halimova Marina Viktorovna against Eremina E.M., the legal representative of the minor Khalimova M.R., Halimov A.R. to refuse to include the apartment and land plot in the estate and to recognize the ownership of the apartment and land plot due to the omission of inheritance. The reasoned court decision will be made to DD.MM.YYYY ...
169.
Judgment of 28 August 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
Claims of G.K. Daglaeva, ***, to partially satisfy. To recognize Daglaeva G.K. ownership of a residential building with a total area of \u200b\u200b60, 29 sq. m, incl. residential 38, 2 sq. m., and a land area of \u200b\u200b1885 sq. m., located in<адрес>... The rest of the claim should be denied. The decision can be appealed to the Irkutsk Regional Court within one month from the date of its adoption. Judge Asaeva L. A ....
170.
Judgment of 28 August 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
Statement by the prosecutor of the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky region Khulkhanova L.M. in the interests of an indefinite circle of persons to satisfy. To recognize the inaction of the Duma of the municipal entity "Aluzhinskoe", expressed in the failure to bring the Charter of the municipal formation "Aluzhinskoe" in accordance with the current legislation, illegal. To oblige the Duma of the municipal entity "Aluzhinskoe" to amend the Charter of the municipal formation "Aluzhinskoe" in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of November 28 ...
171.
Judgment of August 27, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
172.
Judgment of August 27, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
173.
Judgment of August 27, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Disputes related to inheritance of property
Satisfy Viktor Grigorievich Myasnikov's claim. Establish the fact of belonging B, DD.MM.YYYY.r., certificate of ownership of land series No. issued by DD.MM.YYYY Komzem Ekhirit-Bulagat district in which the person in whose name the certificate was issued indicates B, No. (passport data ). Include in the composition of the hereditary mass left after the death of B, DD.MM.YYYY b., Deceased DD.MM ...
174.
Judgment of August 27, 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Civil
The essence of the dispute: Complaints about wrong. deyst. (absent) - state authorities, local authorities
Statement by the prosecutor of the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky region Khulkhanova L.M. in the interests of an indefinite circle of persons to satisfy. To recognize the inaction of the Duma of the Akhinskoye municipal entity, expressed in the failure to bring the Charter of the Akhinskoye municipal formation in line with the current legislation, illegal. To oblige the Duma of the municipal entity "Akhinskoye" to amend the Charter of the municipal formation "Akhinskoye" in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of 28.11 ...
175.
Resolution of 27 August 2013
Preliminary investigation bodies D.A. Fedotov accused of committing theft, that is, secret theft of someone else's property, committed with causing significant damage to a citizen. The crime was committed under the following circumstances: DD.MM ...
178.
The verdict of August 22, 2013 in case No. 1-81 / 2013
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District Court (Irkutsk Region) - Criminal
DD.MM.YYYY about 23.00 hours Kolosov A.Yu. was near the house of gr. E at<адрес>, where he made a decision from the premises of the summer kitchen located in the courtyard of the said house to steal the Stihl 180 chainsaw, as well as from under the barn, also located in the courtyard of the said house, to steal meat and beef belonging to gr. E Realizing his criminal intent aimed at secret theft of property E, Kolosov A.Yu ...