Therefore, on the eve of Great Victory Day, we decided to take a walk along the city streets and remember some of these names - both widely and not so well known.
Hero Aseev Street
On May 12, 1965, by decision of the executive committee of the Ulan-Ude City Council, Zavodskaya Street became Aseev Street. At the same time, by order of the USSR Minister of Railways, school No. 65 of the Ulan-Ude ESR station, where the Hero of the USSR studied, received his name, and a memorial tablet appeared on its facade. In 1993, when transferred to the balance of the city education department, this name in the name of the educational institution was lost due to paperwork for more than 20 years and returned through the efforts of concerned citizens relatively recently (“Lost in the bureaucracy”, “MK” in Buryatia,” No. 39 dated September 23, 2015).
When the Great Patriotic War broke out, Grigory Aseev served in one of the aviation regiments of the Pacific Fleet. At the end of 1941 he was transferred to the naval aviation of the Northern Fleet and already from January 19, 1942 he participated in combat operations as the leading gunner-radio operator of the Air Force. He has 81 combat missions, 23 torpedo attacks, the sinking of 10 transports, 2 patrol ships, 1 coaster and 7 armed enemy motorboats. On October 16, 1944, together with other crew members, he sank an enemy destroyer ship on a burning plane and died. Awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree, the Order of the Red Star and Red Banner.
Hero Borsoev Street
One of the longest streets in Ulan-Ude. It runs through the entire Sovetsky district: it starts at Batareika behind the city garden and ends at Steklozavod. It used to be called Zheleznodorozhnaya - and not by chance. Houses for railway workers were built here, strikes, mass protests and secret meetings of workers were held, and battles were fought with the retreating invaders. In 1965, it was renamed in honor of the Hero of the USSR, a talented military leader of the Second World War, who marched from Voronezh, the Kursk Bulge to the Oder, Vladimir Borsoev. A monument was erected to him, and a memorial plaque was installed on one of the houses.
From the very first day of the war, Vladimir Borsoev, a graduate of the Leningrad Artillery School and the Combined Arms Academy named after M.V. Frunze, went to the front, and on the second he wrote to his homeland: “I am using every opportunity to carry out the tasks of the party and government and the orders of the Red Army command. If necessary, I will give my whole life.” Words did not diverge from deeds. On July 21, 1941, as the commander of an artillery division, he repelled the Nazi offensive near the city of Fastov. In August, he became chief of staff of the 966th artillery regiment of the 383rd Donbass Division, which was then formed from former miners. She stood on the Mius River for 260 days and steadfastly defended her native land, despite the fact that leaflets were falling from enemy planes with the order: “Do not take the miners prisoner!” Shoot on the spot!” In June 1942, he was appointed commander of the artillery regiment of the 8th Fighter Brigade, which repelled the Nazi attack on the southern part of Voronezh, brought down artillery fire on their tanks, first near the village of Ivnya, then near the village of Prokhorovka and did not allow them to break through to Kursk. The Battle of Kursk, the liberation of Right Bank Ukraine and the Carpathian region, the crossing of the Dnieper... Everywhere the guard colonel demonstrated an example of courage and courage. He was seriously wounded three times, and the last time, in the battles for the Oder near Ratibor on March 8, 1945, fatally. He was buried on the Hill of Glory in Lviv. Awarded the Orders of the Red Star, Red Banner, Patriotic War and Lenin.
Hero Vakarin Street
In 1985, at the behest of the same body, Arshanskaya Street in the village of Arshan became Vakarina Street. In 1941, boilermaker Izot Vakarin joined the army, completed courses for command staff of the Trans-Baikal Military District and was sent to the Kalinin Front. Directly from the train he was sent by the platoon commander to one of its units near the city of Bely. In February 1942, this platoon showed courage and tenacity in battle and held its position despite fierce attacks. In 1943, Izot Vakarin became a senior lieutenant and was appointed commander of the 8th rifle company of the 940th rifle regiment of the 262nd rifle division of the 43-1 army. On September 21, he was ordered to quickly break through German fortified positions and reach the outskirts of the city of Demidov, and on the night of September 23-24, in complete silence, knock out the enemy from the village of Zyatenki, Smolensk region, and occupy advantageous heights to the west of it. Both orders were carried out, and Vakarin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. He was wounded four times, one very seriously. It was for this reason that he died in September 1945. But on July 16, 1944, he managed to receive the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and a certificate of conferment of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Hero Garmaev Street
Garmaev Street became Kyiv Street in the village of Myasokombinat in 1985. In 1937, Garmazhap Garmaev was drafted into the Red Army and served as a private in the 41st Cavalry Regiment near Leningrad. He graduated from junior command courses, became a squad commander, then an assistant platoon commander, and then an acting commander. He showed courage, ingenuity, discipline and integrity when he participated in the liberation of Western Belarus in 1939, and in the fight against the White Finns in 1940. He obtained valuable information about where their firing points were located, blew up enemy warehouses and saved his comrades. During the storming of Vyborg he was seriously wounded, and after being hospitalized at the age of 24, he was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR along with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. With the beginning of the war, he went to guard the eastern border with Mongolia, and in 1944 - the western border in the Belarusian border district and the Brest Red Banner border detachment. He was buried near the Brest Fortress.
Hero Denisova Street
In 1987, a street in the village of Melkombinat was named after Hero of the USSR Osip Denisov. He began his combat career as a private near Moscow. He fought on the Don, Stalingrad, and Baltic fronts. In one of the sections of the latter, when crossing the Aiviekste River, he performed a heroic feat. German units held the defense along it and opened dense machine-gun and artillery-mortar fire on parts of the division. They blew up all the bridges behind them so that Soviet troops would not quickly cross. However, under cover of darkness, a group led by Denisov moved to the opposite bank and stopped the Germans’ crossing with heavy fire. The recaptured small bridgehead was used to cross our rifle regiment. For his resourcefulness and high understanding of military duty, Sergeant Denisov received the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the highest rank in the Soviet Union.
Hero Zhanaev Street
One of the streets on Batareika and the factory cultural park are named in honor of Darma Zhanaev. Being a senior engineer at the Ulan-Ude aircraft plant, at the beginning of the war he volunteered for the front. He was appointed commander of a sapper platoon of the 197th separate battalion of the 26th Guards Rifle Division. I went through a long and harsh battle path. At the end of the Second World War, he became the head of the engineering service of the guards brigade, where he was valued for his courage and resourcefulness. Among his awards are the Order of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees, the Red Banner, and the medal “For Courage.” In the battles for Berlin on the Neisse and Spree rivers, Zhanaev led the construction of crossings and ensured the rapid transfer of units. On April 25, 1945, he died while providing passages in a minefield, and the next day he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the USSR. A former front-line soldier and classmate at the Irkutsk workers' faculty, the poet Danri Khiltukhin dedicated a poem to his exploits.
Hero Otsimik Street
On Batareika there is a street named after Hero of the Soviet Union Konstantin Otsimik. From June 1943 he went to the fronts of the Second World War. In 1944 he graduated from the courses for junior lieutenants. He was the commander of a battery of an anti-tank destroyer regiment (21st Army, 1st Ukrainian Front), which on March 19-20, 1945, fought off six enemy counterattacks in the battles for the city of Hindenburg (Zabrze, Poland). When the Nazis broke through to her firing position, Konstantin led the soldiers into hand-to-hand combat. On May 6, being surrounded, he called fire on himself. The Germans retreated in panic and left dozens of dead and wounded on the battlefield. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1945, Otsimik was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for the exemplary performance of combat missions and the courage shown. After the war he was transferred to the reserve. Lived in Ulan-Ude, worked at Kirzavod. Died on June 21, 1963. He was buried at the Zaudinsky cemetery, reburied at the memorial to soldiers who died of wounds in hospitals.
Hero Senchikhin Street
On April 14, 1971, as follows from the minutes of the executive committee of the Zheleznodorozhny District Council of People's Deputies of Working People, Amurskaya Street in the village of Shishkovka was renamed Senchikhina Street. Since 1940, Prokopiy Senchikhin worked as a mechanic at an automobile and tractor plant. When the Second World War began, I wanted to go to the front with my older brothers, but was refused due to my age, but still dreamed of going there. When he tried to board a train heading west, he was detained. But in February 1942, he was finally accepted into the army and was soon sent to study at the divisional artillery school. The young man successfully completed it, received the rank of junior lieutenant and went to the Voronezh Front, and then to the 1st Ukrainian Front, where he covered the crossing of the rifle regiment across the Dnieper with the fire of his battery as part of the 261st separate anti-tank fighter division of the 340th Sumy Rifle Division. On January 10, 1944, he was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. In Poland, Procopius accomplished his last feat. When the artillerymen fell under machine gun fire during an unequal battle, he was left alone, he was both a loader and a gunner. He was wounded in his right hand and continued shooting with his left. And when ordered to retreat, he shouted: “There’s nowhere!” and died from a shell explosion. He was only 21 years old.
Hero Tulaev Street
In the village of Melkombinat there is Tulaeva Street (until 1985 - Dorozhnaya), and on the building of school No. 12 there is a memorial sign in memory of this famous sniper. From childhood, Zhambyl Tulaev was a sharp shooter, a cold-blooded and courageous person. In September 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army, in a short time he mastered the basics of military service in a reserve regiment and received the rank of junior commander. Became a sniper in the 580th Infantry Regiment of the 188th Infantry Division of the 27th Army. At the beginning of 1942, he went to the North-Western Front to defend Leningrad. During the Second World War, he destroyed 313 Nazis, 30 times entering into mortal combat with specially trained enemies and each time ending them in his favor. His motto was “Every bullet goes into the heart of a fascist!” He trained 30 snipers, who, in turn, destroyed 1442 Nazis and among whom were natives of Buryatia - Dondok Budaev, Banoi Erboev, Ananiy Gyneev, Semyon Darkhanov, Dmitry Zagnoev, Vladimir Vartanov. He taught them marksmanship: “Outwit the enemy, make false positions,” and talked about careful camouflage. In February 1943, he was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR, awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, and in May he was demobilized for health reasons. Died on January 17, 1961.
Hero Chertenkov Street
In 1965, Sadovaya Street was renamed Chertenkova Street, which stretches from the Elevator to Shishkovka. His name is inscribed in the Railwaymen's Book of Honor, and a memorial plaque with him is mounted on the wall of the storage room at the station. Since May 1937, Ivan Chertenkov worked here as a storekeeper, and in January he went to the front: first in the Amur Flotilla, then in the 71st Separate Naval Brigade of the 25th Chapaev Division. Its infantrymen sowed terror in the German troops, were called “black devils” and as soon as they appeared in their caps and black peacoats, they came under fire from all types of weapons. Our fellow countryman, together with his comrades, accomplished an unprecedented feat. On the approaches to Kharkov, 25 guardsmen met 25 tanks and 15 armored vehicles of the enemy, died in an unequal battle, but did not let it pass and posthumously became Heroes of the USSR.
During the Great Patriotic War, the glorious sons of the Buryat-Mongolian people (the republic at that time was called the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), like the entire Soviet people, heroically fought on the battlefields against fascist Germany and militaristic Japan, selflessly defending their great homeland - the Soviet Union. Many fighters in battles with the Nazi occupiers and Japanese militarists performed heroic deeds, not sparing their lives in the name of the great victory over the fascist plague.
Many of them were nominated by the command for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for their courage and bravery. But what is surprising is that there were officials who either underestimated the heroic deeds of soldiers or completely hushed them up, or downgraded them to less significant awards than the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And, at the same time, officials referred to the limit established from above for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And, as we see, 12 people from Buryat-Mongolia, nominated for the Golden Star of the Hero, fell under this notorious limit, but due to the bureaucracy of the bureaucracy, they never received a high rank.
In addition, on each subsequent Victory Day the authorities repeated many times: “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.” But, as the famous journalist Pavel Nataev wrote in the publication “Contribution to Victory” in the newspaper “Buryatia” (04/06/2010) that the exploits of many war heroes are not appreciated, that is, forgotten. And why? For example, the feat of Innokenty Batorov, who covered the embrasure of a Japanese pillbox with his chest in the battle near Hailar in 1945, that is, he repeated the feat of A. Matrosov. As you know, all the soldiers who repeated Matrosov’s feat in the Patriotic War were awarded (except I. Batorov) the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
It must be said that the command of the Trans-Baikal Front nominated I. Batorov for his heroic feat to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But, apparently, again the same limit did not make it possible to award the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to I. Bator. And only 20 years after the accomplished feat, Batorov was awarded “posthumously” with the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. That is, the reward was underestimated by Moscow officials. This seems to be a great injustice towards the heroic son of the Buryat-Mongol people, I. Bator.
It is necessary that justice prevail in relation to the heroic feat of Bator with the awarding (posthumously) of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on the day of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory of the Soviet people over fascist Germany and militaristic Japan.
The noble sniper, Lieutenant Arseny Mikhailovich Etobaev, was twice nominated by the command for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But he was never given the reward. As a sniper, he killed 356 Nazi soldiers, officers, and snipers. Shot down a German Henkel-111 plane and a Junkers-87 bomber in 1942. In 1942, on all fronts there was a postcard “Lieutenant A.M. Etobaev is a notable sniper” (during the war, 100 fascists killed were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union).
And sniper Arseny Etobaev destroyed 356 fascists and shot down two planes. For this feat, he was twice nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but was not awarded this high title. And sniper Etobaev is worthy of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for his feat!
I would also like to say that the commander of the 4th squadron of the 35th Guards Cavalry Regiment, Captain Lopson Ivakhinov, was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But also due to the limit, he was not awarded the title of Hero. Fellow soldier L. Ivakhinova, Doctor of Philology Ulzy-Zhargal Dondukov wrote about this in the book “War Through the Eyes of a Soldier.”
B. Dugarzhapov writes about those fellow countrymen nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but who did not receive this high title, in the newspaper “Buryaad Unen” (04/08/2010) in the article “The unsung exploits of our fellow countrymen - They could have been Heroes of the Soviet Union” from the village of Suduntui, Aginsky district.
One of the heroes of the Patriotic War is Daba Garbuev, who shot down 8 fascist planes. He was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but he did not receive the award. They awarded him the Order of the Red Banner of Battle.
Another hero of the war was junior sergeant of the 93rd Infantry Division Namdak Tsybenov, who in the last battle, completely surrounded by the enemy, destroyed over 100 fascists with a heavy machine gun. The wounded, unconscious man was picked up by soldiers who came to the rescue. The division commander, Colonel Zanyulev, nominated him for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but he was awarded the Order of Lenin without the Golden Star of the Hero.
Lieutenant D.-D. Untanov, platoon commander of the 764th joint venture, distinguished himself in the battles for Kyiv. He was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but due to the fact that he was a minister of cult, he did not receive the Hero's star. And here is Lieutenant B. Dashizhapov and L.I. Bambuev, R. Pokhonov, Matvey Badanov were also nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, the commander of the partisan detachment in Belarus, G.V., was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Ochirov, sniper Ts. Dorzhiev, who destroyed 287 fascists.
V. Tsydenzhapov, who participated in battles in hot spots, was nominated for the title of Hero of Russia.
Here B. Dugarzhapov writes that the Yakut sniper F. Okhlopkov, at the request of the government of Yakutia in 1965, that is, 20 years later, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
And the front-line writer Karpov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union only from the fifth performance, and Porgorbunsky from the third performance. And the Tungus (Evenk) S. Nomokonov, as a sniper, was also nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Nanai Passar received the gold Hero Star only at the request of the Nanai village to the President of the Russian Federation of that time D.A. Medvedev, who signed a decree conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on Nanai Passar. A good petition from the public to award the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to submariner Marinescu was crowned with justice. As a result, Marinescu was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
And in this regard, as we see, at the request of the governments, the public, and the village collective, justice was restored in relation to the heroes who accomplished the feat and were duly appreciated by the government with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Based on this, the question arises: why are none of the 12 war heroes from Buryatia nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union awarded the gold Hero Star for their heroic feat? Apparently, the government of Buryatia did not petition like the governments of other regions, where many soldiers of the Fatherland were awarded the gold Hero Star.
It seems that a big anniversary is approaching, when in 2015 a great anniversary will be celebrated - the 70th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people over the brown plague of fascism. And for this anniversary date, it is necessary to petition the government of the Republic of Belarus and its head V. Nagovitsyn, the People's Khural of the Republic of Belarus, the Council of War Veterans, the Council of Elders under the head of the Republic of Belarus, the city authorities to petition the government of the Russian Federation, personally the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on restoring justice in conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on the sons of Buryatia who performed heroic deeds during the war. These are I. Batorov, A. Etobaev, L. Ivakhinov, D. Garbuev, N. Tsybenov, D-D. Untanov, B. Dashizhapov, L. Bambuev, R. Pokhonov, G. Ochirov, Ts. Dorzhiev, M. Badanov and the hero of Russia V. Tsydenzhapov.
In the newspaper “Russian East” (No. 7, 1992) in the essay “My Friends the Buryats,” Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Chita Medical Institute V. Sikerin wrote: “During the Great Patriotic War, the sons of the Buryats experienced all the hardships of war, knew the horror of captivity and concentration camps . But they endured all the trials with honor; history has not recorded a single case of treason or betrayal of Buryat soldiers and officers. What respect the Buryats deserve for this!”
Yes, indeed, why not include in the Victory Memorial all the sons of Buryatia who were nominated by the command for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but who never received the high award. And also to perpetuate their memory in busts, names of streets, squares and so on. Then it will still be possible to say that “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.”
How many Heroes of the Soviet Union (GSU), Heroes of the Russian Federation and full holders of the Order of Glory (PKOS) are there in Buryatia? This far from idle question is often asked by our fellow countrymen. Figures vary in different publications and media publications. But the time has come to dot all the i's.
Firstly, the very formulation of the question should be radically changed: we should not be talking about “Heroes of Buryatia”, but about “Heroes who are related to our republic” or about “Heroes whose life and destiny are closely connected with Buryatia”. To bring complete clarity to the picture on this issue, it is necessary to talk and write about Heroes who were not only born in our republic, or were drafted from the regional military registration and enlistment offices of Buryatia, but also who served, studied, moved to live in Buryatia and worked in our republic, and are buried here they were awarded honorary republican titles (including Heroes of Buryat nationality from other regions of the country).
The list of Heroes needs updating and ordering
The names of several GSS and PKOS, directly related to Buryatia, were established by the author of these lines, who is assisted in the search work by famous Buryat historians Evgeniy Alexandrovich Golubev And Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fomin.
Until recently, it was believed that in Buryatia there are from 36 to 49 Heroes. Moreover, this list included not only front-line soldiers. It's time to update and streamline the list of our Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia.
If we talk about all our Heroes of the Soviet Union and Heroes of Russia, awarded the highest insignia of two states (USSR and the Russian Federation), including for feats accomplished during the Great Patriotic War, local armed conflicts and in peacetime, then their number is today, according to my calculations, it is 67 people. The heroic list must be supplemented with names that were not previously included in the registers of Heroes.
In my opinion, the main section in the updated list should relate to Heroes of the Great Patriotic War and read like this: “Warriors related to Buryatia, who were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for their feats committed during the Great Patriotic War.” To date, I have counted 54 people of such exceptional valor as soldiers of Victory.
Vladimir Andreevich Tikhomirov after the Victory until 1948 he worked in Ulan-Ude. Names of students of the Kyakhta border detachment Alexey Vasilievich Markov And Nikolai Nikolaevich Oleshev outposts of the 51st border detachment of the Transbaikal border district were named.
Isn't it our Hero? Victor Stepanovich Makarov? After the war, he first worked at the department of special training of the Buryat-Mongolian Zoological Veterinary Institute (now BSAA), and then as a military commissar of the Mukhorshibirsky district. Also after the Victory he worked in the capital of Buryatia Mikhail Ivanovich Barkov.
There is information that before the war Ivan Tongonog for some time he may have worked at the Ulan-Ude station. The fact that Ivan Vlasovich is related to our republic is evidenced by the fact that on the memorial complex of railway workers - Heroes of the Soviet Union, installed on the street of the 1905 Revolution, there is also his portrait.
In two award sheets Ivan Konstantinovich Molokov in the column “which RVK was called up” it is indicated: guard lieutenant, commander of a platoon of medium tanks called up in 1938 by the Ulan-Ude district military registration and enlistment office of the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Four prominent Soviet military leaders - Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov, army general, former commander-in-chief of the Far East troops Vladimir Leonidovich Govorov, Colonel General, former head of the political department of the Far Eastern Military District Mikhail Ivanovich Druzhinin, as well as Army General, ex-commander of the Trans-Baikal Military District Peter Alekseevich Belik– awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the City of Ulan-Ude.” Vladimir Govorov was also a deputy of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the BurASSR.
The legendary cavalry general Dovator served in Ulan-Ude
Also, in my opinion, the register of our heroes should be replenished with the names of prominent Soviet commanders who once served in our republic. This is twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union and Poland Konstantin Rokossovsky and an outstanding military figure, major general, commander of the 2nd Guards Corps Ilya Dovator.
Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky in the early 20s commanded a cavalry regiment stationed in Kyakhta. When he was the commander of the 5th Kuban Cavalry Brigade, stationed in Verkhneudinsk, the Burkavdivision was formed. By the way, together with Rokossovsky in the early thirties, Ilya Mikhailovich Dovator served in the legendary “fifth” Kuban brigade. He and his family lived for three years (until 1936) in a military garrison in our city.
This category of Heroes also includes Feodosia Kotlyar. Aviation Lieutenant General Feodosiy Porfiryevich Kotlyar, it turns out, graduated from the Buryat-Mongolian National School for Junior Commanders in 1927. Moreover, after graduating from this school, he served in Verkhneudinsk as an assistant platoon commander for the control of a training battery.
Until now, it was believed that two liberating soldiers were also related to Buryatia - Sergey Ivanovich Vandyshev And Georgy Ivanovich Guslyakov, who were awarded the title of Hero of Russia in the post-war period for the exploits they performed in the Second World War. In this regard, unfortunately, the name of a native of Aga, the famous commander of partisan detachments, has been undeservedly forgotten in Buryatia Badmy Jabon. Badma Zhapovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation in 1996 for his exploits in World War II.
Who are they: Heroes of the USSR and Heroes of Russia?
It turns out that today 57 soldiers who brought the Great Victory closer, whose destinies are connected with the republic near Lake Baikal, have the high ranks of Heroes of the Soviet Union and Heroes of Russia. Among them are nine Buryats (eight Heroes of the Soviet Union and one Hero of Russia).
Another important category of our heroic individuals are citizens who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for exploits committed during local armed conflicts. The Ulan-Ude resident belongs to this category Boris Sokolov. Boris Innokentievich was awarded the Gold Star in 1986 for heroism shown in the performance of international duty in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
Another category of people of exceptional courage are citizens who became Heroes of the Soviet Union in peacetime. Until now, we have had three such outstanding people - Honored Test Pilots of the USSR Yuri Alexandrovich Garnaev And Alexander Mikhailovich Tyuryumin, Soviet cosmonaut Nikolai Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov(twice Hero of the Soviet Union). The pilot-cosmonaut should also be counted among them. German Stepanovich Titov, since he is an Honorary Citizen of the city of Ulan-Ude.
Another category of Heroes are our fellow countrymen who received the title of Hero of Russia for exceptional courage shown during local armed conflicts. We have two such people. This Anatoly Sergeevich Korobenkov And Mikhail Anatolyevich Pankov. They distinguished themselves during counter-terrorist operations in Chechnya.
And for his exploits in peacetime, the test pilot was awarded the high title of Hero of Russia Taigib Omarovich Tolboev and shepherd Babu-Dorzho Mikhailov from Aga, who received a Gold Star for heroism and dedication shown in saving a flock of sheep.
In November 2010, he entered this galaxy forever Aldar Batorovich Tsydenzhapov, who at the cost of his life prevented a major accident on a warship.
In short, the fates of ten Heroes who did not participate in the Great Patriotic War are in one way or another connected with Buryatia.
Vasily Mikhalev - Hero of the Soviet Union
Ilya Yakovlev will return to his homeland “in bronze” and forever
Until last spring, it was believed that we have 11 full holders of the Order of Glory (in status they are equal to the GSS). But on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Victory, I managed to establish the name of the 12th. He became a tank paratrooper, a machine gunner of the legendary 65th Volnovakha Red Banner Order of Suvorov tank brigade Ilya Stepanovich Yakovlev. But this list can be replenished with two more brave front-line soldiers. I believe that a native of the village should take a worthy place in the cohort of full holders of the Order of Glory. Korsakovo, Kabansky district Ananiy Nikitin. De jure he is not considered a full holder of the highest soldier's award. The fact is that for front-line exploits the brave mortarman was awarded two Orders of Glory - II and III degrees. And in the mid-nineties he was called to the military registration and enlistment office and awarded the third Order of Glory. It turned out that this was the second Order of Glory, II degree. So, by mistake, the staff officers Ananiy Aleksandrovich was deprived of the Order of Glory, 1st degree, due to him, although according to the statute of the order he was obliged to re-award with the presentation of the missing order.
I am sure we should not forget the name of another PKOS - Alexey Zhamkov. Alexey Ivanovich, judging by his biography, from October 1940 to 1941 served in the 12th Corps Aviation Squadron, which was stationed in Ulan-Ude.
Our first Hero - Dorofey Levchenko
Dorofei Levchenko - the first Hero of the Soviet Union related to Buryatia
Photos from the collections of the Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents
Some editions and publications erroneously indicate that our first Hero of the Soviet Union is Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev. But this is not true. The first warrior - Hero of the Soviet Union, related to our republic - Dorofei Timofeevich Levchenko, a native of the Cherkasy region of Ukraine. Before the war, he worked as a mechanic in the railway workshops of Ulan-Ude. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 25, 1938 (for his feat during the fighting at Lake Khasan), he was awarded the highest degree of distinction of the USSR. Our second Buryat Hero is a native Ulan-Ude resident Nikolai Yakovlevich Klypin. He received the Gold Star and the Order of Lenin after the Decree of March 21, 1939 (for courage and heroism shown during the Soviet-Finnish War). And 15 days after that, a Decree was issued conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to a brave Dzhida citizen who distinguished himself in the same war. Thus, Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev became the first Buryat - Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Second World War, our first Hero was an ace pilot Pyotr Timofeevich Kharitonov. Well, and the famous Buryat sniper Zhambal Yesheevich Tulaev became the first Buryat to receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for his exploits during the war. Great and sacred.
Buryatia
* During the war years, about 120 thousand people from Buryatia were drafted into the Red Army. Thousands of our fellow countrymen remained on the battlefields forever. 43.5 thousand people did not return home from the war, 6.5 thousand sons and daughters of Buryatia returned to their homes as war invalids. Particularly distinguished were 43 soldiers from Buryatia, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and 11 soldiers who became full holders of the Order of Glory.
* The streets of the Oktyabrsky district of Ulan-Ude were named after the Heroes of the Soviet Union B.R.Rinchino P.T.Kharitonov, V.H.Khaptaev, Zh.E.Tulaev G.A.Garmaev, O.A.Denisov. * Names of Heroes of the Soviet Union V.B. Borsoev, G.S. Aseev, D.Zh. Zhanaev, K.V. Otsimik, full holder of the Order of Glory P.K. Radikaltsev were awarded to the streets of the Sovetsky district. The names of the Heroes of the Soviet Union N.Ya. Klypin, I.M. Chertenkov, P.F. Senchikhin *, D.T. Levchenko, I.A. Vakarin, Yu.A. Garnaev *, I.V. Baldynov, V. N.Yashin were assigned to the streets of the Zheleznodorozhny district.
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* October 22, April 1945 * head of the engineering service of the 23rd Guards Motorized Rifle Vasilkovsky Red Banner Brigade of the 7th Guards Tank Corps of the 3rd Guards Tank Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front, guard captain, Hero of the Soviet Union. * Darma Zhanaev studied at the Khorin school. In 1938 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Electrification and went to work at the Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant. He volunteered to go to the front, where he became the commander of a sapper platoon. Zhanaev's engineering training helped him carry out combat missions. In the battles for Berlin, he supervised the construction of crossings on the Neisse and Spree rivers and ensured the rapid transfer of troops.
* On April 25, Darma Zhanaev, while making passages in a minefield, was seriously wounded and died in the hospital on April 27. He was buried in Poland, in the city of Zagan. Poland Zagan * By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown, guard captain Zhanaev Darma Zhanaevich was posthumously awarded title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
* Born in 1905 in the Tagarkhai ulus, now a village in the Tunkinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia, in a peasant family. Graduated from 4th grade. Lived in the city of Irkutsk. Worked as manager of a container depot. Since 1942 in the ranks of the Red Army. * Since March 1942, in the active army, he performed many heroic deeds. More than 30 times he entered into dangerous fights with enemy snipers and always emerged victorious.
* From May to November 1942, sniper of the 580th Infantry Regiment (188th Infantry Division, 27th Army, Northwestern Front) Sergeant Major Zh. E. Tulaev exterminated 262 fascists. Composure, endurance, the ability to wait and knowledge of his weapon - this is the secret of his success in battle. * On February 14, 1943, for exceptional courage, dedication and excellent performance of combat missions of the command, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. * In total, he destroyed 313 enemy soldiers and officers. They trained 30 snipers who killed 1,442 fascists. * In 1946 he was demobilized. He worked as chairman of a collective farm and secretary of the local village council. Died January 17, 1961. He was buried in the village of Tagarkhay. A bust of the Hero was installed in the village of Khurai Khobok. * Awarded the orders: Lenin, Red Banner; medals.
* Born on April 13, 1906 in the village of Kholbot, Bayandaevsky district, Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, Irkutsk region, in the family of a cattle breeder. Buryat. At the age of six, he was left an orphan and was forced to work as a laborer for wealthy peasants. April 13, 1906 Bayandaevsky district of the Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug Buryat * After graduating from school, he was elected chairman of the agricultural commune of the village of Tukhum, Bayandaevsky district. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1930. He graduated from the Soviet Party school and worked as an instructor for the Ekhirit-Bulagat district party committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) CPSU in 1930.
* During the Great Patriotic War, the brunt of the fight against * the masses of German tanks was borne by * anti-tank artillery. Tank destroyers were the pride of the Red Army. * * Our fellow countryman Vladimir Borsoev was * a regiment commander, and then commanded the 11th and 7th Guards * anti-tank destroyer brigades. In the battles on the Kursk Bulge, * during the liberation of Right Bank Ukraine, during the * Lvov-Sandomierz, Carpathian-Dukla and Sandomiero-Silesian * operations, the glory of the combat operations of anti-tank troops under the * command of the guard Colonel Borsoev thundered.
* Nikolai Yakimovich Klypin () Colonel of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, participant in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars, Hero of the Soviet Union (1940). * Nikolai Klypin was born on December 16, 1908 in Verkhneudinsk (now Ulan-Ude). He worked on a river steamer as a boilermaker, then as an assistant mechanic. In 1931, Klypin completed two courses at the Omsk River School. In May 1932, he was called up to serve in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In 1934 he graduated from the Ulyanovsk Tank School. Participated in the Polish campaign and the Soviet-Finnish war. By March 1940, Senior Lieutenant Nikolai Klypin was the chief of staff of the battalion of the 62nd Tank Regiment of the 86th Infantry Division of the 7th Army of the North-Western Front.
Klypin, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 21, 1940, for “exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Finnish White Guard and the courage and heroism shown,” senior lieutenant Nikolai Klypin was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and medal “ Gold Star" number 341.
He died from old combat wounds in the resort village of Borovoe, Shchuchinsky district, Kokchetav region (now the village of Burabay, Burabay district, Akmola region) in Kazakhstan. He was first buried in a cemetery in the city of Shchuchinsk, but after its closure in the 70s. he was buried in the central park of the city next to the mass grave of those killed in the civil war. Now on this site there is a memorial in memory of the victims of the civil war with a separate designation of Klypin’s burial.
* Izot Vakarin was born on September 14, 1911 in the village of Peski (now Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky district, Chita region) into a peasant family. He graduated from primary school and worked in his native village. In 1936, Vakarin moved to Ulan-Ude, where he worked as the head of security at a radio station, as a blacksmith-hammer, and as a boilermaker for a steam locomotive at a carriage factory. Great Patriotic War: In 1941, Vakarin was drafted into service in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In January 1942, he graduated from the courses for junior lieutenants of the Trans-Baikal Military District. Since January 1942 on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. He took part in battles on the Kalinin, 1st Baltic, Western, and 3rd Belorussian fronts. He took part in the battles near the city of Bely, Kalinin region, and was wounded. In 1943, Vakarin was awarded the rank of senior lieutenant, after which he became commander of the 8th rifle company of the 940th rifle regiment of the 262nd rifle division of the 43rd army.
*. During the liberation of the Lithuanian SSR he distinguished himself, for which he received the rank of guard major. During the fighting in the Baltics, Vakarin was again seriously wounded. On September 21, 1945, Izot Vakarin died in Kaunas hospital VG 1145 from a closed skull injury. Awards: By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 4, 1944, for “skillful command of the unit and courage and heroism shown in battle,” senior lieutenant Izot Vakarin was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, numbered Orders of the Red Banner and Red Star, and a number of medals. Memory: A street in Ulan-Ude was named in honor of Vakarin..
* Supporting the rifle regiment with fire, P. F. Senchikhin’s battery accompanied our battle formations, covered the infantry crossing the Dnieper and together with it reached the line determined by the order of the command. * By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 10, 1944, P. F. Senchikhin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. * Born in 1923 in the village of Nizhnekamenka, Altai region, into a peasant family. Russian. Member of the CPSU. In 1932, he moved with his parents to the city of Ulan-Ude, Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. There he graduated from 7 classes and since 1940 worked as a mechanic at the Mekhanlit automobile and tractor plant (now the Elektromash plant). In the Soviet Army since February 1942. Called up by the Kyakhginsky district military registration and enlistment office of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Graduated from the artillery school. He participated in the Great Patriotic War from May 1943 to 1944. Died on March 24, 1944. Buried in the village. Mikulyntsi, Ternopil region. In the name of P.F. Senchikhina is the name of a street in his homeland.
* Chertenkov Ivan Matveevich, b. in 1912 in the village of Rozhdestvenka, now Timsky district, Kursk region. in a peasant family. Russian. Education: low/secondary. Lived and worked in Ulan-Ude. In the Armed Forces since January. Served in the Amur Military Flotilla, then in the naval brigade. In the active army with the Shooter of the 78th Guards Rifle Regiment (25th Guards Rifle Division, 6th Army, Southwestern Front), Guard Private Chertenkov, as part of a platoon under the command of Guard Lieutenant P.N. Shironin, participated in repelling numerous tank attacks , armored vehicles and enemy infantry at a railway crossing on the southern outskirts of the village of Taranovka (now Gottwald district, Kharkov region). The platoon held its position, destroyed 16 enemy combat vehicles and up to 100 Nazis. Died in this battle.
* Chertenkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. Awarded the Order of Lenin. He was buried in a mass grave in the village of Taranovka. Monuments to Heroes were erected in the villages of Taranovka and Sokolovo. The trawler is named after them. Railway platform at the station. Taranovka was renamed Shironino. A street in Ulan-Ude is named after Chertenkov, and there is a memorial plaque on the railway station building:
* At the beginning of 1943, Bazaar Rinchino volunteered to go to the front. * He did not have to stay in the reserve regiment for long. A few days later the train took him to the Active Army. * In the hot days of the summer of 1943, Bazar takes part in the gigantic battle of Kursk, Orel and Belgorod. Bloody battles raged there on the ground and in the air for over fifty days.
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* Konstantin Vladimirovich Otsimik () Soviet military man. Participant of the Great Patriotic and Soviet-Japanese Wars. Hero of the Soviet Union (1945). Senior Lieutenant. * Konstantin Vladimirovich Otsimik was born on January 7, 1919 in the village of Karabainovka, Verkhneudinsky district, Transbaikal region of the RSFSR (now Khorinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federation) into the peasant family of Vladimir Stanislavovich and Maria Fedorovna Otsimik. Russian. He graduated from seven classes of a rural school.
*Otsimik Konstantin Vladimirovich, Hero of the Soviet Union, who died from wounds and illnesses in 1963, is included in the Book of Memory. He devoted 8 years to military service - from 1938 to 1946. The brave artilleryman was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, medals “For Victory over Germany” and others. At the very end of the war, on May 6, 1945, he accomplished a feat for which he was awarded the highest award - the Golden Star of a Hero and the Order of Lenin. The award certificate for awarding the title of Hero of the Soviet Union speaks about this battle as follows: “... When capturing the city of Tsobten, senior lieutenant Otsimik with one gun was the first to cross the water barrier and rolled out the gun for direct fire on the western outskirts of Tsabten. In this battle, the battery repulsed the enemy’s 7th contract; when the battery was surrounded by fascists, senior lieutenant Otsimik called fire on himself, which contributed to the escape from the encirclement...” *.
* Baldynov Ilya Vasilievich, born in the Moloevsky ulus, now the settlement of Bulus, Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district, Irkutsk region, in the family of a cattle breeder. Buryat. Member of the CPSU since graduating from school, he was in Soviet and Komsomol work. In the Soviet Army with Graduated from the Leningrad Cavalry School in Participated in battles on the Chinese Eastern Railway Graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze participated in the Great Patriotic War from June 1941, commanded a regiment and division. During the Soviet-Japanese War of 1945, the commander of the 109th Guards Rifle Division (53rd Army, Transbaikal Front) Guard, Colonel Baldynov, skillfully organized a 1,500-km march through the waterless steppes and the Greater Khingan ridge in Manchuria. The division arrived at the specified location exactly on time and struck the enemy. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded
* In 1948 he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff. Senior Lecturer at the Military Academy named after. M.V. Frunze. Since 1955, Major General Baldynov has been in reserve. Honorary citizen of Odessa, Berislav, Budapest. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 2nd convocation. Lived in Moscow. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov 2nd class, Order of the Patriotic War 1st class, Red Star, medals. Died and buried in Ulan-Ude. * Lit.:
* Pyotr Kapitonovich Radikaltsev received his first baptism of fire at the walls of the ancient Russian city of Staraya Russa as part of the 312th Infantry Division, which arrived from the Far East to the Kalinin Front. * The company in which the Radical private served repelled the fierce counterattacks of the Nazis. In an unequal battle, many died the death of the brave, including the company commander. At a difficult moment, Radicaltsev took command of the company. Skillfully placing fire weapons, he and eight brave men repelled enemy attacks for three days. * Two months later, Private Radikaltsev is enlisted in divisional intelligence. On his first reconnaissance, he ended up in a capture group with five people. The night search at the enemy's location turned out to be successful and in the morning the captured "tongue" gave the regiment command valuable evidence.
Pyotr Radikaltsev. By the end of the war, Pyotr Radikaltsev became a famous intelligence officer. Newspapers wrote about him, his combat experience was summarized and studied by young soldiers. There were only a few days left until victory. As an experienced intelligence officer, he was ordered to break into the enemy’s location with a group of soldiers, capture the “tongue” and give the signal for the start of a general offensive. And this task was completed brilliantly. At the end of the war, the brave scout became a full cavalier of the Order of Glory. full cavalier
This year, a brave native of the Republic of Buryatia, a border guard hero, a man with extraordinary military abilities, Garmaev Garmazhap Ayurovich, could celebrate his centenary.
Back in 1916, in a family of cattle breeders from the village of Verkhniy Torey, Dzhidinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia, a boy, Garmazhap, was born, who was destined to be tested by two wars: the Winter (Soviet-Finnish) and the Great Patriotic War.
At the age of 21, the future Hero was called up for military service in the workers' and peasants' Red Army, in the 12th cavalry regiment of the Buryat Red Banner 50th Cavalry Brigade. In May and June 1938, over 400 brigade soldiers, including G.A. Garmaev, were redeployed to the Leningrad Military District, where they later took part in the war with Finland from November 1939 to March 1940.
From the first days of the war Garmaev G.A. was on the front line, participated in the breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line.
Oreshkin V.F., the commander of the platoon in which Garmaev G.A. fought, recalled the events of one of the winter days of 1940: “Garmazhap and his squad were given the task of reconnaissance of enemy positions. Without having time to move a considerable distance away from our forces, the detachment of fighters came under fire from a Finnish machine gun crew. Garmaev personally covered the retreat of his comrades. Only when the last of the fighters was safe did Garmazhap leave his position. At the same time, our platoon was attacked by superior enemy forces. In the ensuing shootout, I was seriously wounded by one of the attackers. Garmaev, despite persuasion, refused to leave me on the battlefield and carried me throughout the frosty night, either on his back or in his arms, to the location of the regiment.”
Later on the fronts of the bloody Soviet-Finnish war Garmaev G.A. saved more than one life. Along with this, there were the successful captures of important “tongues”, and the capture of artillery crews, and the explosions of Finnish weapons depots, and other military heroic deeds.
Soon the whole front was talking about the brave Buryat warrior. And on one of the warm April days of 1940, the village of Verkhny Torey received a telegram from the Military Council of the Leningrad Military District congratulating relatives and fellow villagers on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev. Garmaev himself learned about such an important event in his life while being treated in the Leningrad hospital.
After the end of the fighting at the end of 1940, foreman Garmaev G.A. returned to his small homeland and, on the recommendation of party bodies, entered service in the Dzhida district police department.
When the Great Patriotic War began, Garmazhap Ayurovich repeatedly and to no avail made requests to send him to the front. And only on February 19, 1942, thanks to the intervention of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Kalinin M.I., the Dzhidinsky district military registration and enlistment office Garmaev G.A. drafted into the Army and sent to the Nizhneudinsk Cavalry Military School.
After graduating from college, the border biography of G.A. Garmaev began. With the rank of lieutenant, he arrived to serve in the Kyakhta border detachment, and then was sent to the front.
In May-June 1944, Garmazhap Ayurovich led a checkpoint located on the Soviet-Polish border on the Moscow-Warsaw highway, near the legendary Brest Fortress.
In battles with detachments of Belarusian nationalists, he was seriously wounded. On July 16, 1945, at the age of only 29, he died in hospital and was buried near the walls of the legendary Brest Fortress.
The blessed memory of the hero of the Soviet Union Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev is cherished and honored in different places. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated October 22, 1970, the Kyakhta border outpost was named after the Hero. In the name of G.A. Garmaev named the border outposts in the cities of Kyakhta and Brest.