It was founded back in 1896. From the very beginning, games were played in both summer and winter of the same year. We will look at how the modern Olympic Games are held in this article.
Already in the 20th century, the gap between the winter and summer games was two years. used to take place in Olympia and were of great importance to local residents. Previously, the games had only one competition - sprinting. A little later they began to hold competitions for horses and running in full uniform. Only local residents and Mediterranean guests could take part in the games. We all know very well how the modern Olympic Games are held today: athletes from all over the world take part in the competitions.
The Olympic Games are held each time in a new place. A certain country and city are selected and all athletes go there to compete. There are cases when competitions are held again in certain countries, for example in Greece. Since it was in Greece that such competitions originated, after a certain period the Olympiad is held there again. Athens is a fabulous city, which is why the locals have been hosting the Olympic Games with pride and dignity since 1896 (the first competitions were held here).
How the modern Olympic Games are conducted is known to all spectators, but they should know one thing - the current version is very different from the past. Today the Olympic Games are the most exciting and largest in the world. The programs are constantly changing, improving and mainly consist of twenty or more different sports. As a rule, personal records and achievements are set at competitions. The potential of a certain team is very rarely assessed; basically, it’s every man for himself. Games are judged by three medals: gold, silver and bronze.
As for the comparative characteristics of the games, previously only Greeks and Mediterranean guests took part, but now all well-proven athletes from all over the world took part. Today women compete equally with men and have the right to fight for it, but in Greece this was simply impossible. At the Olympic Games, athletes compete for awards, the honor of their country, showing their physical abilities, and in ancient times they were even awarded for spiritual abilities. Nowadays it is considered a competition, but in the past this was not the case. When the games were held at Olympia, all hostilities ceased and all time was devoted to competitions. As before, the games are held every four years, but the break between the summer and winter games is two years.
Everyone has the opportunity to watch the modern Olympic Games on TV and read about the results in the newspaper. Visiting the country that hosts them is the dream of every sports fan. We were luckier, because in Greece almost everyone knew about the games, but only a few could get there, but now the doors of the Olympic Games are open to all interested spectators!
The Olympic Games, Olympic Games are the largest international complex sports competitions of our time, which are held every four years. The tradition that existed in ancient Greece was revived by a French public figure at the end of the 19th century Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, have been held every four years since 1896, with the exception of years following the World Wars. In 1924, the Winter Olympic Games were established and were originally held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. However, since 1994, the timing of the Winter Olympic Games has been shifted by two years relative to the timing of the Summer Games.
Ancient Olympic Games
The Olympic Games of Ancient Greece were a religious and sports festival held in Olympia. Information about the origin of the games has been lost, but several legends describing this event have survived. The first documented celebration dates back to 776 BC. e., although it is known that games were held earlier. During the games, a sacred truce was declared; during this time it was forbidden to wage war, although this was repeatedly violated.
The Olympic Games significantly lost their importance with the arrival of the Romans. After Christianity became the official religion, games began to be seen as a manifestation of paganism and in 394 AD. e. they were banned by the emperor Theodosius I.
Revival of the Olympic Idea
Even after the ban on ancient competitions, the Olympic idea did not disappear completely. For example, in England during the 17th century, “Olympic” competitions and competitions were repeatedly held. Later, similar competitions were organized in France and Greece. However, these were small events that were, at best, regional in nature. The first true predecessors to the modern Olympic Games are the Olympias, which were held regularly between 1859 and 1888. The idea of reviving the Olympic Games in Greece belonged to the poet Panagiotis Soutsos, brought it to life by a public figure Evangelis Zappas.
In 1766, as a result of archaeological excavations in Olympia, sports and temple buildings were discovered. In 1875, archaeological research and excavations continued under German leadership. At that time, romantic-idealistic ideas about antiquity were in vogue in Europe. The desire to revive Olympic thinking and culture spread quite quickly throughout Europe. French Baron Pierre de Coubertin (French: Pierre de Coubertin) said then: “Germany has excavated what remains of ancient Olympia. Why can't France restore its old greatness?
Baron Pierre de Coubertin
According to Coubertin, it was the weak physical condition of the French soldiers that became one of the reasons for the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He seeks to change this by improving the physical culture of the French. At the same time, he wanted to overcome national egoism and contribute to the struggle for peace and international understanding. The “youth of the world” were supposed to measure their strength in sports competitions, and not on the battlefields. Reviving the Olympic Games seemed in his eyes the best solution to achieve both goals.
At a congress held from June 16-23, 1894 at the Sorbonne (University of Paris), he presented his thoughts and ideas to an international audience. On the last day of the congress (June 23), it was decided that the first Olympic Games of our time should be held in 1896 in Athens, in the ancestral country of the Games - Greece. To organize the Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded. The first president of the Committee was a Greek Demetrius Vikelas, who was president until the end of the First Olympic Games in 1896. Baron became General Secretary Pierre de Coubertin.
The first Games of our time were truly a great success. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes (14 countries) took part in the Games, the Games became the largest sporting event ever held since Ancient Greece. Greek officials were so pleased that they put forward a proposal to hold the Olympic Games “forever” in their homeland, Greece. But the IOC introduced rotation between different states so that every 4 years the Games change their location.
After the first success, the Olympic movement experienced the first crisis in its history. The 1900 Games in Paris (France) and the 1904 Games in St. Louis (Missouri, USA) were combined with the World Exhibitions. Sports competitions dragged on for months and attracted almost no interest from spectators. Almost only American athletes participated in the Games in St. Louis, since getting from Europe across the ocean in those years was very difficult for technical reasons.
At the 1906 Olympic Games in Athens (Greece), sports competitions and results again came first. Although the IOC initially recognized and supported the holding of these "interim Games" (just two years after the previous ones), these Games are now not recognized as Olympic Games. Some sports historians consider the 1906 Games to be the salvation of the Olympic idea, as they prevented the games from becoming “meaningless and unnecessary.”
Modern Olympic Games
The principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games are determined by the Olympic Charter, the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, which, at the suggestion of the French educator and public figure Pierre de Coubertin, decided to organize the Games on the model of the ancient ones and to create the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
According to the charter of the Games, the Olympics “... unite amateur athletes from all countries in fair and equal competitions. There shall be no discrimination against countries or individuals on racial, religious or political grounds...” The games are held in the first year of the Olympiad (4-year period between games). The Olympiads have been counted since 1896, when the first Olympic Games took place (I Olympiad - 1896-99). The Olympiad also receives its number in cases where the games are not held (for example, VI - in 1916-19, XII - 1940-43, XIII - 1944-47). The symbol of the Olympic Games is five fastened rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement, the so-called. Olympic rings. The color of the rings in the top row is blue for Europe, black for Africa, red for America, in the bottom row - yellow for Asia, green for Australia. In addition to Olympic sports, the organizing committee has the right to choose to include in the program exhibition competitions in 1-2 sports that are not recognized by the IOC. In the same year as the Olympics, the Winter Olympic Games have been held since 1924, which have their own numbering. Since 1994, the dates of the Winter Olympic Games have been shifted by 2 years relative to the summer ones. The location of the Olympics is chosen by the IOC; the right to organize them is granted to the city, not the country. Duration no more than 15 days (winter games - no more than 10).
The Olympic movement has its own emblem and flag, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The emblem is the Olympic rings. The motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger). The flag is a white cloth with the Olympic rings, and has been flown at all Games since 1920.
Among the traditional rituals of the Games:
* lighting of the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the flame is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by a torch relay of athletes to the host city of the Games);
* pronouncement of the Olympic oath by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics are taking place on behalf of all participants in the games;
* taking an oath of impartial judging on behalf of the judges;
* presentation of medals to winners and prize-winners of competitions;
* raising the national flag and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners.
Since 1932, the host city has been building an “Olympic village” - a complex of residential premises for the participants of the games. According to the charter, the Games are a competition between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908 the so-called unofficial team standings - determining the place occupied by teams based on the number of medals received and points scored in competitions (points are awarded for the first 6 places according to the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5, 3rd - 4, 4 -e - 3, 5th - 2, 6th - 1). The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable and coveted title in the career of an athlete in those sports in which Olympic tournaments are held. The exception is football, since the title of world champion in this sport is much more prestigious.
66930The Olympic Games are the subject of close attention throughout the world. And this year the Winter Olympics takes place from February 9 to 25 in Korea. Therefore, we decided to remember the history of the Olympic Games, how it all began in antiquity, and how it continued in our time. Top 10 interesting facts about ancient and modern Olympiads are for you in our article.
- Ancient Olympic Games
The first major competitions of athletes of antiquity took place in Ancient Greece around 770 BC. From then on, they lasted for more than a millennium, and were banned in 394 AD. The motive was that this was the worship of pagan gods, while from the end of the 4th century Christianity began to be actively promoted in Greece. Over the entire millennium, more than 300 games were held, they were considered the largest competitions in Greece, historians and philosophers wrote about them, the games were known outside the country. - Everyone competed naked at the Olympics
Yes, indeed, in ancient times they did not attach much importance to the presence or absence of clothing on the body. Moreover, in Greece there was a cult of a beautiful body. And who will have the most beautiful, muscular and sculpted body, if not athletes? And running, and throwing a javelin, and wrestling - absolutely everything was carried out by naked athletes. Yes, by the way, the word “gymnast” comes precisely from the ancient Greek word “gymos” - “naked, naked”. - There was no place for women at the Olympics
Yes, they were not allowed not only as athletes, but even as spectators. If in some historical film you see a woman on the podium, say, the wife of an emperor or some aristocrat, you should know that this does not correspond to historical reality. The Olympic Games were games exclusively for men. The Heraian Games were held for women - named after Hera, the wife of the supreme god of Olympus Zeus. - Records were not measured in antiquity
A lot has been written about the Olympic Games - both by historians of the time and by philosophers. A separate chronicle was also kept dedicated to the Olympics itself. So, not a single source contained a census of records, as is done now. No one measured the time it took an athlete to run a distance or complete a specific task. The judges judged solely on the principle of “faster, higher, stronger” - this, by the way, is the official motto of the Olympic Games today. - Modern Olympic Games
The first modern Olympiad was held at the end of the 19th century, in 1896 in Athens, the birthplace of the games. At that time, the organization was at a very low level; there were no worthy professionals either among the athletes or among the organizers themselves. The process began to improve only after 10-12 years. The first Winter Olympics took place in 1924 in France. - The youngest athletes
The youngest athlete who took part in the games was 10-year-old Dimitrios Loundras (the very first Olympics in Athens), a gymnast who then won bronze. The first Winter Olympics was also marked by the participation of 12-year-old figure skater Sonya Henie, who subsequently achieved unprecedented heights in figure skating. From then on, such young athletes were no longer allowed to participate. - Symbol of the Olympic Games
Everyone is well aware of the symbol of the Olympics - the five rings. Everyone probably knows what they mean - these are the five continents of our planet - three rings at the top and two at the bottom. The symbolism of such a union and intertwining of rings is quite clear - this is a union of all humanity for the sake of sport and peace. The Olympic symbol was invented at the very beginning of the 20th century, around the same time when the organizational aspects of the competition were being established. - Olympic flame
But the Olympic flame, which is traditionally lit at the beginning of each game, is by no means modern, but ancient symbolism. It was in Ancient Greece that the lighting of a huge torch, which was located on a hill, from where it was visible to everyone, marked the beginning of sports games. Previously, the fire was lit in the city where the games were actually held. But now it is being passed on by relay - from the same Olympia, where once in ancient times the first Olympic Games were held. - Olympic mascot
And yes, each game has its own mascot. It has always been there, but it was invented by the people or the athletes themselves, rather for entertainment. And since the beginning of the 70s, the presence of a mascot has been mandatory and officially approved by the Olympic Committee. Usually the mascot is closely related to the culture and traditions of the country in which the Olympics are held. Now, during the Winter Olympics in Korea, there are two symbols - a white tiger (a symbol of strength and wisdom), and a black bear (a symbol of courage and unbroken willpower - this is for Paralympians). - Winter Olympics 2018
And by the way, it doesn’t hurt to say a few final words about the current Winter Olympics. It is held in Korea, in the very small town of Pyeongchang - this is the second smallest city after Lillehammer where the games were held. 94 countries take part in the sports program, 6 of which are present at the games for the first time in history. The total number of qualified athletes is approximately 3,000.
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The modern Olympic Games trace their history back to the end of the 19th century, when, thanks to the initiative and efforts of a French public figure, sports competitions similar to ancient ones were revived. In 1894, the International Sports Congress in Paris approved the decision to organize the Olympic Games and the creation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and also adopted the foundations of the Olympic Charter, which defines the rules, principles and regulations of the Olympic Games.
The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 in their historical homeland - the capital of Greece, Athens. Since then, the Olympic Games have been held at the beginning of each first year of the Olympiad (a 4-year cycle that determines the interval between the games) and have their own serial number.
The Olympic Games are divided into summer and winter and, starting from 1994, they are held separately - the winter Olympics were shifted by 2 years in relation to the summer, while maintaining a 4-year interval between games of the same type (i.e. now every 2 years The Winter and Summer Olympic Games are held alternately.
Quick navigation through the article
General provisions of the Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games are held in accordance with the Olympic Charter of September 9, 2013, which describes the procedure and details of the competition:
- The Olympic Games have their own symbolism;
- The host city for the Olympics is chosen by the IOC;
- The right to host the Olympics is granted to the city (not the country);
- The duration of the Olympic Games is no more than 15 days (winter games - no more than 10);
- The host city ensures the construction of an “Olympic village” for competition participants;
- The Olympic Games are sports competitions between athletes, not countries;
- Any participant in the Olympic Games must be a citizen of the country he represents as part of the team;
- There are no age restrictions for participants;
- The number of athletes participating in the Olympic Games should not exceed 10,500 people, and the number of officials should not exceed 5,000 people;
- The program of the Olympic Games is approved by the IOC for each event. It includes only those sports that comply with the World Anti-Doping Code;
- Sports and disciplines included in a specific program for the Olympics must be adopted at a meeting of the IOC Executive Committee no later than 3 years before the Olympic Games;
- The sports included in the Competition Program form the sports “core”. Additional sports may be included at the proposal of the IOC Executive Board;
- The total number of sports participating in the Olympics, including the “core” and additional sports, should not be more than 28.
Symbols of the Olympic Games
The Olympic symbols, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913, have gained fame and popularity throughout the world:
- Olympic rings - five rings connected together symbolize the rapprochement of the five continents. The colors of these rings have their own meaning (blue symbolizes Europe, black Africa, red America, yellow Asia and green Australia);
- The Olympic motto is "Citius, Altius, Fortius" meaning "faster, higher, stronger";
- Olympic flag - the flag is a white canvas with the Olympic rings in the center, used since 1920.
Target. To activate students’ interest in the Olympic Games by including them in collective creative activities, to develop speech, thinking, memory, attention; expand children's horizons and vocabulary; awaken interest in sports and maintaining one’s own health, cultivate mutual assistance, a culture of behavior and communication when working in a group, and show one’s creative abilities..
Equipment.
Teacher. Computer, spinning top, envelopes with task cards, bell, hourglass (1 min.), tablets with numbers, diplomas and prizes.
Preparing for the game.
Children read material about the Olympic Games in advance. The game is played with the whole class.
Commanders are selected for teams.
Rules of the game:
1. The class is divided into groups, for example, 4 people. Teams are divided as desired.
2. Commanders are selected for teams.
3. The team with the most points becomes the champion.
4. One point is awarded for the correct answer.
5. One minute is allotted to think about the answer. If the team is ready to answer, the captain raises his hand.
6. If the first team answers incorrectly, the second team has the right to continue the discussion and give an answer in the remaining time.
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
Organizational moment and setting the goal of the lesson. Statement of the rules of the game.
Teacher. Today our game is dedicated to the Olympic Games.
With the start of the game
I congratulate you.
Have a good performance
I wish you,
"What? Where? When?" I start.
On the screen: a bowl with the Olympic flame.
Poems are read by a trained student.
“Everyone glorifies friendship with a spark
The flame is bright - look!
Flame in the Olympic Cup
Akin to the good sun.
It's good that it's above the planet
The solar torch is lit,
May it be a happy omen
He will be for the planet!”
Envelopes with questions are laid out on the central table, in the middle of the table there is a top. A calm melody sounds.
Task cards.
According to ancient Greek mythology, who founded the first Olympic Games?
Answer. According to the legend of ancient Greek mythology, the Olympic Games were founded by the ancient hero Hercules.
Teacher. The history of Olympism goes back more than 2820 years.
No. 2. Blitz.
a) Name the most ancient sport, the one where the Olympic Games began.
Answer. This is running.
b) Where does the Olympics begin in our time?
Answer. A few days before the opening of the next Games, the torch relay starts in the Greek city of Olympia. A lit torch in the hands of a runner heads towards the venue of the Games. The opening ceremony of the games and the taking of the Olympic oath.
c) What kind of oath do athletes take?
Answer. The oath is to play fair sports.
Teacher. In Olympia, in southern Greece, running races began to be held in the summer between the harvest and the grape harvest. When the next Olympic Games were approaching, messengers were sent to all corners of Ancient Greece, to all its small, fragmented states. With their power they stopped all strife and wars and declared a sacred truce. The irreconcilable enemies put aside their weapons for a while and hurried to Olympia for a sports festival, which was certainly accompanied by art competitions and ended with a grandiose feast.
How many years later are the Olympics held? What year is this?
Answer. The games are held once every 4 years, in a leap year.
Teacher. On the screen: footage of a sports festival.
The Olympic Games were a pan-Greek festival that was held every 1417 days. As before, in Olympia, next to the temple of the god Zeus, the patron of games, young Greek women in ancient clothes light a torch from the rays of the sun using a concave mirror and pass it to the runner. And the torch relay on airplanes and heat-
boats, trains and cars set off on a journey thousands of kilometers to the next capital of games. However, at the last stage of a long journey, the torch is always in the hands of the runner. The runner will touch the lamp with it, and a fire will break out over the huge bowl of the stadium. Olympic Games, which will warm the hearts of sports masters and numerous fans.
How many days do the Olympic Games last?
Answer. Games last for 16 days.
Teacher. Right. For all 16 days, the Olympic flame illuminates the path for athletes to victory.
List what is included in the Olympic symbols.
Answer. The Olympic symbols include the flag and motto.
Teacher. Right. The combination of rings and motto is Olympic symbolism.
Draw the Olympic flag. Tell us what it symbolizes.
Answer. The children drew. 5 rings are a symbol of the unity of five continents: Europe – blue, Asia – yellow, Australia – green, America – red, Africa – black.
Teacher. On the screen: the Olympic flag.
The Olympic flag, proposed by Pierre de Coubertin, is known to every sports fan. It is a white panel with the image of five intertwined multi-colored rings (in the top row - blue, black and red, in the bottom - yellow and green.)
What is the motto of the Olympic Games?
Answer. "Faster! Higher! Stronger!"
What is the name of the sports field where runners compete?
How did this word appear?
Answer. This is a stadium. Derived from the word “stages”.
Teacher.. On the screen: stadium.
The distance from start to finish, according to legend, was measured by Hercules himself. 600 feet of his legs made up one stage - 192.27 m - this is the length of the running tracks.
List Summer Olympic sports (exactly 15 or more) Answer. These are: 1) athletics, 2) gymnastics, 3) weightlifting, 4) shooting, 5) archery, 6) football, 7) basketball, 8) volleyball, 9) handball, 10) field hockey, 11 ) kayaking and canoeing, 12) rowing, 13) swimming, 14) diving, 15) water polo, 16) sailing, 17) cycling, 18) fencing, 19) judo, 20) modern pentathlon, 21 ) struggle.
On the screen: footage of the sports children call.
View numbers of amateur performances.
No. 10. Black box.
This ball was made from cork and covered with leather. Goose feathers were stuck into the ball. Later, the goose feathers and cork ball were replaced with nylon ones. What's in the black box? What is the name of this sport?
Answer. This is a shuttlecock. The sport is badminton.
What is a light boat with one oar called?
Answer. This is a canoe.
Teacher. On the screen: footage of the regatta.
The rower stands facing forward on one knee and rows from one side of the boat with a single-bladed oar. This boat has no rudder, steering like an Indian pirogue.
No. 12 Blitz.
a) What is the name of the area where cyclists compete?
Answer. This is a cycling track.
Teacher. On the screen: footage of competitions on a cycling track.
b) At the Summer Olympic Games, fencing competitions are held. List the types of weapons used by athletes in this sport.
Answer. This is a rapier, an epee, a saber.
On the screen: footage of fencing competitions.
c) Remember the summer sports whose names begin with the letter “p”.
Answer. Swimming, diving, sailing.
Teacher. On the screen: footage of the sports listed by children.
No. 13 Black box.
What and how were champions who won competitions awarded in ancient times 29 centuries ago?
Answer. Olive branch and wreath.
Teacher. On the screen: footage of the award ceremony.
“There was a simple green wreath
From olive branches.
More precious than crowns
All warlike kings.Because he's not a warrior
I received a wreath like this
A worthy winner
And truly a hero.He didn't want to cause grief
Threatening the vanquished
For him in a sports dispute
All rivals are friends!”“And for those who are in the field, in the hall,
Who was the first in the pool -
Olympic medals,
Olympic podium!”
Summarizing
So the game is over.
It's time for us to leave...
Look at the scoreboard everyone -
Let's summarize the game.
Announcement of results. Rewarding.