Italian language, italy, independent study of the Italian language. Italian language, Italy, Italian language self-study Conjugation fare Italian

This site is dedicated to self-study Italian from scratch. We will try to make it the most interesting and useful for everyone who is interested in this beautiful language and, of course, Italy itself.

Interesting about the Italian language.
History, facts, modernity.
Let's start, perhaps, with a few words about the modern status of the language, it is obvious that Italian is the official language in Italy, the Vatican (simultaneously with Latin), in San Marino, but also in Switzerland (in its Italian part, the canton of Ticino) and in In several districts in Croatia and Slovenia, where there is a large Italian-speaking population, Italian is also spoken by some of the inhabitants of the island of Malta.

Italian dialects - can we understand each other?

In Italy itself today you can hear many dialects, sometimes it is enough to drive only a few tens of kilometers to come across another of them.
At the same time, dialects are often so different from each other that they can seem like completely different languages. If people from, for example, the northern and central Italian "hinterland" meet, then they may not even be able to understand each other.
What is especially interesting is that some dialects have, in addition to the oral form, also written, such are the Neopolitan, Venetian, Milanese and Sicilian dialects.
The latter exists, respectively, on the island of Sicily and is so different from other dialects that some researchers distinguish it as a separate Sardinian language.
However, in everyday communication, and especially in large cities, you are unlikely to experience any inconvenience, because today dialects are spoken mainly by elderly people in rural areas, while young people use, which unites all Italians, the correct literary language, the language of radio and, of course, television.
It can be mentioned here that until the end of World War II, modern Italian was only a written language used by the ruling class, academics and in administrative institutions, and it was television that played a large role in spreading the common Italian language among all residents.

How it all began, the origins

The history of the formation of modern Italian, as we all know it, is closely related to the history of Italy and, certainly, no less fascinating.
Origins - in ancient Rome, everything was in the Roman language, universally known as Latin, which at that time was the official state language of the Roman Empire. Later, from Latin, in fact, the Italian language and many other languages \u200b\u200bof Europe arose.
Therefore, knowing Latin, you will be able to understand what the Spaniard is saying, plus or minus the Portuguese, and you can even make out part of the speech of an Englishman or Frenchman.
In 476, the last Roman emperor Romulus Augustulus abdicates the throne, after the capture of Rome by the leader of the Germans Odoakar, this date is considered the end of the Great Roman Empire.
Some people also call it the end of the "Roman language", however, even today the disputes still do not subside, because of what exactly the Latin language has lost its relevance, because of the capture of the Roman Empire by the barbarians, or was it a natural process and in what language itself spoke towards the end of the Roman Empire.
According to one of the versions, in ancient Rome, by this time, along with Latin, the spoken language was already widespread and it is from this folk language of Rome that the Italian that we know as Italian of the 16th century comes from, according to the second version, in connection with the invasion of the barbarians Latin mixed with various barbaric languages \u200b\u200band dialects and it is from this synthesis that the Italian language already originates.

Birthday - first mention

960 is considered the birthday of the Italian language. The first document is associated with this date, where this "proto-folk language" is present - vulgare, these are court papers related to the land dispute of the Benedictine Abbey, the witnesses used this particular version of the language so that the testimony was understood by as many people as possible, up to this moment in all official papers we can see only Latin.
And then there was a gradual spread in the ubiquitous life of the language vulgare, which is translated as the national language, which became the prototype of the modern Italian language.
However, the story does not end there, but only becomes more interesting and the next stage is associated with the Renaissance and with such well-known names as Dante Alighier, F. Petrarch, G. Boccaccio and others.
to be continued...

On line translator

I suggest all guests of my blog to use a convenient and free Italian online translator.
If you need to translate a word or a short phrase from Russian to Italian or vice versa, you can use the little translator on the sidebar of your blog.
If you want to translate a large text or need other languages, use the full version of the online dictionary, where more than 40 languages \u200b\u200bare on a separate blog page - /p/onlain-perevodchik.html

Self-study guide of Italian

I present a new separate section for all Italian language learners - Self-Study of Italian for Beginners.
Of course, making a full-fledged Italian self-study guide out of a blog is not easy, but I try to give the most convenient and logical sequence of interesting online lessons so that you can learn Italian on your own.
A section will also appear - an audio tutorial, where, as you might guess, there will be lessons with audio applications, which can be downloaded or listened to directly on the site.
How to choose a self-teaching Italian language, where to download, or how to study it online, you will find information about this in my posts.
By the way, if someone has ideas or suggestions on how best to organize such a tutorial on our Italian blog, be sure to write to me.

Italian via skype

Secrets of how you can learn Italian on Skype for free, do you always need a native speaker, how to choose a teacher, how much does it cost to learn Italian via Skype, how not to waste your time and money - read about all this in the heading "Italian on Skype.
Come in, read and make the right choice!

Italian phrasebook

Free, Fun, with a native speaker - a rubric for those who want to learn words and phrases on specific topics.
Join, listen, read, learn - a voiced Italian phrasebook for tourist, shopping, airport, everyday situations and much more
in section "

June 17, 2016

What are Italians “doing”? - Almost everything!
With the verb " fare»An infinite number of stable, and not very, expressions, paired with nouns, adverbs, verbs and in various combinations. In many cases, like, for example, with "have breakfast" or "make friends", there are simply no corresponding verbs. Often, similar cases are translated into Russian by other verbs: "to give" pleasure or "to gather" people.

PART 1. Fare + noun without article:
Fare colazione - have breakfast
... colazione - breakfast
Fare amicizia - to be friends
... amicizia - douzhba
Fare paura - to scare
... paura - fear
Fare schifo - to cause disgust, to be unpleasant to someone
... schifo is disgusting
Fare scherzi - to joke
... scherzo is a joke
Fare pace - make up, make up
... pace - peace, calm
Fare pietà - evoke pity, compassion
Fare erba - mow / collect herbs
... erba - grass
Fare legna - chop wood
… Legno - wood, wood (material), plural. legna
Fare benzina (fare il pieno - fill the tank full) - refuel with gas
Fare frutti - to bear fruit
... frutto is the fruit
Fare effetto - to be efficient (in action)
… Effetto - effect
Fare attenzione (a) - pay attention (to)
… Attenzione - attention
Fare impressione - to make an impression
... impressione - impression
Fare rumore - to make noise
... rumore - noise
Fare gente - to gather people
... gente - people
Fare soldi - to make money (colloquial as in Russian)
... soldi - money
Fare quattrini - save money, get rich
... quattrino - money
Fare acquisti - to shop (manufactured goods)
… Acquisto - purchase
… Acquisto a credito
… Acquisto a rate / rateizzato
… Acquisto non programmato
Fare caso a qualcosa, a qualcuno - to pay attention to something, to someone
It is more common with the "ci" particle. Examples:
Non farci caso! - Don't pay attention to it! (turn a deaf ear!).
Non ci ho fatto caso. - I did not pay attention (to this).

PART 2. Fare + noun with article:

Fare una scoperta - make, make a discovery
... scoperta - opening
Fare una bella figura / un figurone - make a good impression, don't hit your face in the dirt, excel
Fare una brutta figura - make a bad impression, disgrace
… Figura - appearance, appearance
... figurone - colloquial from figurona - huge success, sensation
Fare un discorso - make a speech, make a speech
... discorso - speech, performance
Fare una risata - laugh
... risata - laugh, burst of laughter
Fare uno sbaglio - make a mistake
... sbaglio - error
Fare un salto - drop in, go in / go somewhere for a short time
... salto - jump
Fare una passeggiata - take a walk, take a walk
… Passeggiata - walk
Fare una gita - take a tour
... gita - excursion, walk, sightseeing walk
Fare un giro (a piedi, in bici, in moto, in macchina, in barca) - to go somewhere (on foot, by bicycle, on a motorcycle, in a car, by boat), to take a walk / trip, usually without a special purpose or program
... giro - circle, turn
Fare un sogno - to dream
... sogno - dream, dream
Fare un libro - write a book
... libro - book
Fare ina biblioteca - build a library
... biblioteca - library
Fare un corso di. - take the course.
... corso - course
Fare un numero al telefono - dial a phone number
... numero - number
Fare uno spuntino - quick bite
... spuntino - a snack
Fare una sosta - take a break
... sosta - respite, stop
Fare + the name of the profession, specialty with a definite article - work, work (name of the profession, specialty)
Fare la mano a un lavoro - acquire a skill at work, fill your hand
Fare le coccole - to caress
Fare una / la boccaccia (le boccacce) - grimace, build / make faces
... boccaccia - big and ugly mouth
... coccola - weasel
Fare i compiti - do homework
... compito - task, task, lesson

PART 3. Fare + verb or other parts of speech:

Fare vedere - to show, to show
Fare sapere - to give, to let know
Fare sentire - to give, to give to hear / to feel
Fare capire - to give, to make it clear
Fare piacere - to deliver, to give pleasure
(Delivering trouble - dare / portare dispiacere)
Fare ridere - make you laugh
Fare ricordare - remind, remind
Fare passare - let pass / pass, pass (someone)
Fare male - to hurt, bad
mi fa male - it hurts me, bad
Fare bene - to do well
mi fa bene - I feel good
Fare fuori (qualcuno) - expose, kick out (someone)
Fare a meno di ... - to do, do without ...
Fare tutto al mondo suo - do everything your own way
Fare un po ’di tutto - do little by little
Fare niente, nulla - nothing to do, nothing to do
For example: non fa niente - no big deal
Non fare finta di niente! - Don't pretend that nothing happened!
Fare un'ora (due, tre ... ore) di straordinario - work one (two, three ... hours) hour overtime
Dar da fare - deliver, deliver troubles
Darsi da fare - bustle, fuss
Fixed expressions about weather and time:
Che tempo fa (oggi)? - What is the weather today?
Fa (molto) caldo. - (Very hot.
past time: Faceva caldo (ieri). - (Yesterday) it was hot.
future tense: Farà caldo (domani). - (Tomorrow) it will be hot.
Fa (molto) freddo. - (Very cold.
past time: Faceva freddo (ieri).
future tense: Farà freddo (domani).
Fa bel tempo. - Good weather.
Fa cattivo tempo. - Bad weather.
Fa brutto tempo. - Terrible weather.
Fa fresco. - Cool.
Un anno fa - a year ago
Un mese fa - month ago
Un giorno fa - one day ago
Un'ora fa - Hour ago
Un poco fa - recently

Idiomatic expressions:

Il dolce far niente - Sweet "doing nothing", carefree idleness.
Fare la scarpetta - collect food scraps in a plate with a piece of bread
Niente da fare - nothing to be done, nothing to do
Non c'è niente da fare! - Nothing can be done about it!
Dire una cosa e farne * un'altra. - Say one thing and do another.
Fa ’(fa, fai **) pure! - Do what you like!
Fa ’(fa, fai **) tu! - Do it, decide for yourself!
________________________
* fare + ne \u003d farne
** several forms of the verb are allowed in the imperative mood (2 l., singular)

➡
What is not done is taken!
And why Italians "take" coffee, sun and bus (train, plane).

➡
Imperative verbs are used to:
⇒ order, give instructions, orders;
⇒ express a request, a wish;

The Italian verb fare can have different meanings when translated:

do;
to be someone (implies an occupation, profession or work, while answering the question “who do you work”, a man puts the article il first, and a woman la);
take;
give;
coerce;
the Italian verb fare is also used in describing the weather.

The meaning of "to do" can be considered basic, so if you supplement your knowledge with stable word formations, you will make good progress in learning the language. For example, "have breakfast", "shop", "take a shower", "ignore", etc. In each of these cases, the verb fare is used in the first place. These can be nouns with or without the article, idiomatic expressions, adverbs and other parts of speech. It is better to memorize combinations of such a plan, moreover, it will well expand your vocabulary.

A variety of fixed expressions will not only enrich your speech, but also help to avoid possible mistakes, since you will use a ready-made structure, and not single words. Even a few practical sessions on the topic will already give a chance to communicate with Italians, at least in a simplified version.

Italian conjugation of fare

If we talk about the conjugation of the Italian verb fare, then memorization is also necessary here. Like all incorrect parts of speech, it obeys special rules. Therefore, in order to understand in what form it is necessary to conjugate it, it is enough to learn them by heart. This amount of information is small, and boils down to the following: they do; i do; you do; you do; he (she) do; we do. Three groups of endings are used - are; 2 - -ere; 3 - -ire.

Best of all, the conjugation of the Italian verb fare is remembered if you take turns learning tenses, faces and moods. Let's say, first the present, then all kinds of the past, etc. It should also be added that in everyday speech it occurs quite often (not only as an additional or auxiliary, but also an independent part of speech) and is not inferior in importance to the forms avere and essere. It allows you to tell a lot to the interlocutor, find out what he is doing, etc. The conjugation of the verb fare in sentences can be formulated as a negation, a statement, or a question.