How to make a morphological analysis of the pronoun it. Morphological analysis of pronouns. Features of morphological analysis for different groups of pronouns

Scheme of morphological analysis of pronouns

1. Select a word form from the text. Name the part of speech.

2. Indicate the initial form - nominative singular.

3. Having posed the question, determine the general categorical and grammatical meaning.

4. Define pronoun ranks:

A). in relation to other parts of speech: pronoun-noun, pronoun-adjective, pronoun-numeral;

b). lexical-grammatical category (specify meaning);

V). by education: derivative or non-derivative (name the method of formation).

5. Characterize morphological features:

A). face (for personal);

b). case (indicate means of expression);

V). number (indicate means of expression);

G). gender (if any).

6. Characterize syntactic features:

A). type of connection with other words;

b). role in the sentence.

Analysis samples

He was tormented all the time some kind anxiety, to him all the time a voice was heard calling somewhere, and He wandered through life, not knowing peace...

(Jack London)

1. To him - pronoun.

2. N. f. - He.

3. Answers the question: to whom?

4. Pronoun grades:

b). personal: indicates a person not participating in the speech, i.e., the one being spoken about.

V). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

A). 3rd person;

b). in D. p.: OPS - ending - to him; DPS expressions of the case category - suppletivism of stems (he - to him); SS expressions of case category - verb control: heard (to whom?) to him;

to him; SS expressions of case category - verb control: heard (to whom?) to him;

6. Syntactic features:

A). was heard(to whom?) to him: connection - verbal control, the verb controls the pronoun, putting it in the form of D. p.;

b). in a sentence is an object.

1. Some kind of - pronoun.

2. N. f. - some kind.

3. Answers the question: which? General categorical and grammatical meaning - indicates the attribute of an object.

4. Pronoun grades:

b). indefinite: indicates an unknown or inaccurately known object to the speaker;

V). derivative: formed from the corresponding interrogative (relative) pronoun using the postfix -to: some- That← what .

The method of formation is morphological, postfixal [Tikhonov A.N.].

5. Morphological features:

and I; SS - form of noun. anxiety

and I; SS - form of noun. anxiety(noun f. r. is in the form Im. p., singular);

6. Syntactic features:

A). anxiety(which?) some kind:

1. He - pronoun.

2. N. f. - He.

3. Answers the question: Who? General categorical and grammatical meaning - indicates an object (person).

4. Pronoun grades:

A). pronoun-noun;

b). personal: indicates a person not participating in the speech;

V). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

A). 3rd person;

Ø ; DPS - suppletivism of fundamentals (he - to him);

V). in units h.: OPS - zero ending Ø ;

6. Syntactic features:

A). he wandered: connection with the predicate wandered

After the story which happened to me on the mountainside, I I couldn’t come to my senses for a long time. Frankly, I expected other interchanges.

1. which - pronoun.

2. N. f. - which .

3. In context, answers the question: which? General categorical and grammatical meaning - indicates the subject.

4. Pronoun grades:

A). the pronoun-adjective in the context is used in the meaning of a pronoun-noun;

b). relative: relates subordinate clause with a principal as part of a complex subordinate;

V). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

b). in I. p.: OPS - ending - and I; SS expressions of case category - verb control: occurred (which?) which;

V). in units h.: OPS - ending - and I; SS expressions of the categories of gender and number - form of noun. story in the main clause;

6. Syntactic features:

A). which happened: connection with the predicate happened- coordination, formal agreement in gender and number;

b). is the subject of the sentence.

1. I - pronoun.

2. N. f. - I .

3. Answers the question: Who? General categorical and grammatical meaning - indicates an object (person).

4. Pronoun grades:

A). pronoun-noun;

b). personal: indicates the speaker;

V). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

A). 1st person;

b). in I. p.: OPS - zero ending Ø ; DPS - suppletivism (I - me'-ya, m-oh), alternation e//ø, n’//n;

V). units h.: OPS - zero ending Ø ;

6. Syntactic features:

A). I (Not) could: connection with the predicate could- coordination, formal agreement in person and number;

b). is the subject of the sentence.

1. Other - pronoun.

2. N. f. - other .

3. Answers the question: Which? General categorical-grammatical meaning - indicates a sign.

4. Pronoun grades

A). pronoun-adjective;

b). attributive: indicates a generalized characteristic of an object;

V). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

b). in R. p.: OPS - ending - Ouch; SS - form of noun. interchanges

V). in units h.: OPS - ending - Ouch; SS - form of noun. interchanges(noun zh.r. is in the form R.p., singular);

6. Syntactic features:

A). interchanges(Which?) other: connection - agreement, the pronoun agrees with the noun in gender, number and case;

b). in a sentence is an agreed definition.

DPS is an additional syntagmatic means.

OPS is the main paradigmatic tool.

SS is a syntagmatic device.

1. Pronoun- an independent part of speech that indicates objects, signs, quantity, but does not name them.

For pronouns, you can ask questions about nouns (who? what?), adjectives (which? whose?), numerals (how many?), adverbs (how? when? where?).

Basic features of pronouns

2. Classes of pronouns in relation to other parts of speech:

1. Pronouns-nouns - I, you, we, you, he, who, what, someone, no one, yourself and etc.:

point to objects;
answer questions about nouns (who? what?);
change by case;
are associated with other words in a sentence, like nouns;

2. Pronouns-adjectives - my, yours, ours, yours, which, some, this, that and etc.:

indicate the characteristics of objects;
answer questions about adjectives (which? whose?);
are associated with nouns, like adjectives;
They change, like adjectives, by number, gender (singular) and case.
A pronoun that adjoins adjective pronouns (it changes according to gender, number and cases), but, like an ordinal number, indicates the order of objects when counting (cf.: - What time is it now? - Fifth);

3. Numeral pronouns - how many, as many, several:

indicate the number of items;
answer the question (how much?);
are associated with nouns as cardinal numerals;
usually change by case;

4. Pronouns-adverbs - so, there, because, where, where and etc.:

indicate signs of action;
answer questions with adverbs ( How? Where? When? Where? Why? For what?);
do not change, like adverbs;
are associated with verbs in the same way as adverbs.

Notes Traditionally, adverb pronouns have been excluded from pronoun composition. In this case, only those words that correlate with nominal parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, numerals) are included in the pronouns. But since the pronominal adverbs there, then, etc., like other pronominal words, do not name, but only indicate (in this case, signs of actions), we consider them within pronouns as a special group.

3. Classes of pronouns by meaning and grammatical features:

1. Personal pronouns: I, you, we, you, he (she, it, they) - indicate the persons who participate in the speech:

These are noun pronouns;
the constant morphological feature for all personal pronouns is the person (I, we - 1st p.; you, you - 2nd p.; he (she, it, they) - 3rd p.);
a constant morphological feature of personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd liters. is the number (I, you - singular; we, you - plural);
all personal pronouns are changed by case, and not only the ending is changed, but also the whole word ( I - me, you - you, he - him);
The 3rd person pronoun he changes in number and gender (singular) - he, she, it, they.

2. Reflexive pronoun self - means that an action performed by someone is aimed at the actor himself:

it is a noun pronoun;
the reflexive pronoun has no gender, person, number or nominative case form;
The reflexive pronoun changes according to cases ( yourself, yourself, yourself).

3. Possessive pronouns: my, yours, ours, yours, yours- indicate the attribute of an object according to its affiliation:

These are adjective pronouns;
possessive pronouns change according to number, gender (singular), case ( my, my, mine, mine, mine etc.).

When indicating ownership of a third party, the frozen forms of the genitive case of personal pronouns are used - his, her, theirs.

4. Interrogative pronouns: Who? What? Which? whose? which? How many? Where? When? Where? where? For what? etc. - used in interrogative sentences:

Who? What? - pronouns-nouns; have no gender, person, number; change by case ( who, whom, what, what etc.);
Which? whose? which? which, which, which, which, which etc.);
How many? - numeral pronoun; changes by case ( how many, how many, how many etc.);
Where? When? Where? where? For what?

5. Relative pronouns coincide with interrogatives - who, what, which, whose, which, how many, where, when, where, from, why etc., but are used not as question words, but as allied words in subordinate clauses:

I know who is to blame for our failure; I know how much effort he put into completing this task; I know where the money is hidden.

The morphological and syntactic characteristics of relative pronouns are the same as those of interrogative pronouns.

6. Indefinite pronouns: someone, something, some, some, someone's, some, several, any, somewhere, sometime, somewhere, from somewhere, for some reason etc. - indicate vague, unknown objects, signs, quantity.

Indefinite pronouns are formed from interrogative pronouns using the prefixes non-, co- and postfixes -this, -either, -something:

who → someone, someone, someone, anyone, anyone, someone; how much → several, how much, how much; where → somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere.

The morphological and syntactic characteristics of indefinite pronouns are the same as those of interrogative pronouns, from which indefinite pronouns are derived.

7. Negative pronouns: no one, nothing, none, no one's, not at all, nowhere, never, nowhere, no need etc. - indicate the absence of objects, signs, quantity.

Negative pronouns are formed from interrogative pronouns using the prefixes not-, ni-:

who → no one, how many → not at all, where → nowhere, when → never.

The morphological and syntactic characteristics of negative pronouns are the same as those of interrogative pronouns, from which negative pronouns are derived.

8. Demonstrative pronouns: that, this, this, that, such, so much, there, here, here, there, here, from there, from here, then, therefore, then etc. - are a means of indicating certain objects, characteristics, quantity (distinguishing one from the other):

that, this, this, that, such- pronouns are adjectives and change according to numbers, gender (singular), cases ( that, that, that, those; such, such, such, such etc.);
so much is a numeral pronoun; changes by case ( so many, so many, so many etc.);
there, here, here, there, here, from there, from here, then, therefore, then etc. - pronominal adverbs; unchangeable words.

9. Determinative pronouns: himself, most, all, every, each, other, other, any, everywhere, everywhere, always etc. - serve as a means of clarifying the subject or feature in question:

himself, most, all, every, each, other, other, any- pronouns are adjectives and change according to numbers, gender (singular), cases ( every, every, every, every, every etc.);
everywhere, everywhere, always- pronominal adverbs; unchangeable words.

Note!

1) The pronouns that, himself, the pronouns this, all in the singular form, neuter (this, everything) and some others in certain contexts can act as pronouns-nouns, like substantivized adjectives ( That no longer dangerous to us; Myself will come; This book ; All ended well).

2) Some pronouns have homonyms among functional parts of speech ( this is what, how, when): This book(pronoun). - Moscow is the capital of Russia(indicative particle); I know what to tell him(pronoun). - I know he's here(union).

3. Morphological analysis pronouns:

Pronoun analysis plan

I	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II	Initial form. Morphological characteristics:
	A	Constant morphological characteristics:
		1	category in relation to another part of speech (pronoun-noun, pronoun-adjective, pronoun-numeral, pronoun-adverb);
		2	category by meaning (personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative, demonstrative, attributive);
		3	person (for personal pronouns);
		4	number (for personal pronouns of the 1st person and 2nd person).
	B	Variable morphological characteristics:
		1	case;
		2	number (if any);
		3	gender (if any).
III	Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the pronoun in this sentence).

Samples of pronoun parsing

Imagine the joy of some botanist who suddenly finds himself on a desert island, where no human has ever set foot before and where he can enrich his collection with all sorts of outlandish representatives of the flora(N.S. Valgina).

(Imagine) to myself

to whom?
N. f. - myself. Morphological characteristics:

2) returnable;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the dative case.
There is an addition in the sentence.

some (botany)

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the question which one?
N. f. - some. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
2) uncertain;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, masculine, genitive form.

which

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the questions which? Which? Who?
N. f. - which. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) pronoun-adjective;
2) relative;
In a sentence - the subject.

Where

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the question Where?
N. f. - Where. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) pronoun-adverb;
2) relative;
B) Unchangeable form.
In a sentence there is a circumstance of place.

(before) these (por)

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the question which ones?
N. f. - this. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) pronoun-adjective;
2) index;
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in the form plural, genitive case.
In a sentence - part of the adverbial time.

draw (leg)

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the question whose?
N. f. - nobody's. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) pronoun-adjective;
2) negative;
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in the singular form, female, nominative case.
The sentence contains an agreed definition.

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the question Who?
N. f. - He. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) pronoun-noun;
2) personal;
3) 3rd person;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, masculine, nominative case.
In a sentence - the subject.

my (collection)

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the question whose?
N. f. - mine. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) pronoun-adjective;
2) possessive;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, feminine, accusative case.
The sentence contains an agreed definition.

all sorts of (representatives)

A pronoun indicates an object, attribute, quantity, without naming them; answers the question what?
N. f. - any. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) pronoun-adjective;
2) definitive;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the plural form, instrumental case.
The sentence contains an agreed definition.

Exercise for the topic “3.6.1. The concept of a pronoun. Pronoun categories. Morphological analysis of pronouns"

The book contains in a concise and accessible form the necessary reference material for all types of analysis in Russian language lessons for the course. primary school, many diagrams and examples of grammatical analysis are presented.

Morphological analysis is regularly carried out at school various parts speech. Students need to not only know the basic requirements for parsing, but also have an excellent understanding of grammatical categories, be able to correctly identify them and immediately correctly assign a word to the corresponding part of speech. This is the only way to make a morphological analysis of a pronoun correctly. You should not consider a pronoun to be too easy to understand as a part of speech, giving it less attention. It should not be confused with adjectives, numerals, nouns and adverbs. Knowledge of the main features of the grammatical categories of pronouns, the nuances of parsing and the algorithm will help make morphological analysis without errors.

We do a morphological analysis of the pronoun: correctly, consistently, accurately
First of all, pay attention to the semantic load of the pronoun, its meaning in the text. Perform morphological analysis carefully, do not get distracted. Remember all the features of the analysis, conduct the analysis thoughtfully. Make your initial notes in rough draft. When the morphological analysis is completely completed, you have checked it and are confident in the result, you can rewrite everything into a clean copy.

Do not forget about the sequence of analysis: first you need to write out the word form, the initial form, unchangeable features, then changeable grammatical categories, and the final point will be the analysis of the syntactic function of the pronoun in the sentence.

Make sure the pronoun in front of you is real. Don't confuse them with nouns: a pronoun only points to an object, but does not name it specifically. Words similar to linguistic units otherwise, in my opinion, in no way, where, are important to distinguish from adverbs: they indicate a sign of an action, but do not denote it.
Distinguish between pronouns and conjunctions. If in doubt, you need to find out the syntactic role of the word being analyzed. The pronoun will perform a syntactic function, being one of the members of the sentence, indicating an object, a sign of action, and the conjunction cannot be a member of the sentence.
Be sure to take into account individual requirements for morphological analysis. Every school and university has special guidelines that contain information about accepted standards for all types of language analysis. Some details may vary. For example, in D.E. Rosenthal’s manual, a group of pronouns is called pronominal adverbs, and in a number of school textbooks it is also called pronoun-adverbs. You will need to do a morphological analysis of the pronoun as required by the standards of your educational institution. When entering a university, you also need to familiarize yourself with these standards, otherwise an analysis done differently may be considered incorrect.
Despite the apparent simplicity of parsing pronouns, associated with a small number of grammatical categories, difficulties can arise almost immediately. Be careful when determining the initial form of a pronoun, otherwise you will later carry out an erroneous analysis, indicating constant features of a completely different word.
- Not all pronouns have an initial form. For example, the reflexive pronoun itself does not have a nominative case, although it changes according to cases. Therefore, it does not have an initial form.
- Remember about suppletivism, which is characteristic of the declension of personal pronouns (that is, the whole word changes, and not just its ending, suffix, etc.). So, when determining the initial form of the pronoun me, you must write down the word “I”, and it is on this basis that you carry out the analysis, designating constant grammatical categories.
- There are a number of traditional mistakes that students make regularly when doing morphological analysis of pronouns. Make it a rule when looking at a word to return to the beginning. For example, the initial form of a pronoun is often incorrectly determined because it is mistakenly assigned to another group. Let’s say that when you see the word “nothing,” you can automatically write down “nothing” because you mistook one for an adjective pronoun. Since it is actually a pronoun noun, the correct initial form for it is “nothing.” To avoid mistakes, check again which group the pronoun belongs to and return to the initial form: make sure that it is defined correctly.
It is important to remember all groups in relation to other parts of speech in order to make a morphological analysis of the pronoun accurately.
- Noun pronouns are often called in school curriculum simply “pronouns”, omitting their relationship with nouns. Even if this is your custom, remember that these pronouns correspond to nouns so as not to confuse them with other groups. Words from this group indicate an object, but do not name it. In a sentence they are most often subjects or objects. The group includes relative, interrogative, personal, indefinite, negative pronouns and reflexive pronouns.
- Adjective pronouns indicate the attribute of an object, but do not designate it specifically. In sentences they usually perform the syntactic role of definition. Adjective pronouns include relative, interrogative, possessive, indefinite and negative pronouns.
- Pronouns-adverbs do not name a sign of an action, but indicate it. They become circumstances in sentences. The group of adverb pronouns includes indefinite, negative, relative, interrogative and possessive pronouns.
- Numeral pronouns indicate number, quantity, but do not name it. They can be part of the subject or object of a sentence. These include negative, relative, indefinite and interrogative pronouns.
Learn to distinguish pronouns of different categories and not confuse them:
- personal: I, you, he, we, you, they;
- reflexive: self;
- indefinite: something, someone, something;
- negative: nothing, no one;
- possessive: mine, in my opinion, ours. your;
- relative: how many, who, which, where;
- interrogative: which, where, when.
Pay attention to relative and interrogative pronouns: they may have the same form, but are used differently in sentences. Interrogative pronouns indicate a question, and relative pronouns relate a statement to something. For example:
- What will you watch? (interrogative pronoun).
- My friend doesn’t understand what I like so much about him (relative pronoun).

Remember all the features of grammatical categories, carefully analyze each pronoun to avoid mistakes.

Sequence of morphological analysis of pronouns
Follow the algorithm to correctly make a morphological analysis of the pronoun.

Write down the word form of the pronoun - this is the word in the form in which it is used in the text.
Determine the initial form of the pronoun, placing it in the nominative case, singular, masculine, if they are. Consider the meaning of the word, its correlation with other parts of speech.
Find out which group the pronoun belongs to.
Determine and write down the category of the pronoun.
If your pronoun is a personal pronoun, you need to mark its person. This sign is permanent.
Reflect all the inconsistent features of the pronoun that it has:
- case;
- number;
- genus.
Use the wording “the pronoun is used in the form”:
Write down which part of the sentence the pronoun is.

Perform morphological analysis consistently and carefully, try not to confuse groups and categories of pronouns, and correctly identify all grammatical categories.

We offer you a diagram of morphological analysis of pronouns and an example of such analysis.

Parsing scheme:

1. Indicate the part of speech, the grammatical meaning of the pronoun, write the initial form (put it in the nominative case (if any), singular).
2. Describe the morphological features:
- - constants (category by meaning, rank by grammatical features, person (for personal and possessive), number (for personal 1st and 2nd persons);
- - inconsistent (case, number, gender).
3. Indicate what role it plays in the sentence.

Sample morphological analysis of pronouns

Don't waste your energy trying to change people... They will not change. U them Who decided to take a strong action, That and rights (F.M. Dostoevsky).

2. Morphological features are constant - personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant - nominative case, plural.
(at) them
1. Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without directly naming it, n.f. - They.
2. Morphological features are constant - personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant - genitive, plural.
3. The role of the addition in the sentence.

1. Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - Who.
2. Morphological features are constant - relative, pronoun-noun; inconstant - nominative case.
3. The subject plays the role of the subject in a sentence.

1. Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - That.
2. Morphological features are constant - demonstrative, pronoun-adjective; inconstant - nominative case, singular, masculine.
3. The role of the subject in the sentence.

Sample parsing of pronouns

In the gallery, some distraught citizen discovered in his pocket a bundle, tied in a banking manner and with the inscription on the cover “One thousand rubles”... A few seconds later, the rain of money, getting thicker, reached the chairs, and the audience began to catch the pieces of paper (M. A. Bulgakov).

I. Some (what?) - pronoun, initial form of some.

inconsistent signs in husband kind, units number, I. p.

III. Citizen (what kind?) of some kind (definition).

I. (At) yourself (at whom?) - pronoun, initial form of yourself (R. p.)

II. Constant signs of recurrence;

inconsistent signs in R. p.

III. I discovered (where?) (circumstance).

I. Several (how many?) - pronoun, initial form several.

II. Persistent signs are indeterminate;

inconsistent signs in V. p..

III. Reached (when?) in a few seconds (circumstance).

The morphological analysis of pronouns provides a complete description of its constant and non-constant grammatical features, as well as its syntactic role in the sentence. The article provides a detailed analysis plan various types pronouns with illustrative examples.

Morphological analysis of pronouns is an analysis of a pronoun as a part of speech, including its grammatical and syntactic characteristics. During the morphological analysis, constant and non-permanent grammatical features pronouns, as well as its role in the sentence.

At school, the topic “Morphological analysis of pronouns” is studied in the 6th grade.

Features of morphological analysis of pronouns

Since in the Russian language pronouns can have grammatical features of nouns, adjectives and numerals, there are three types of parses for different groups of words.

Plan for morphological analysis of pronouns-nouns

TOP 5 articleswho are reading along with this

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Permanent:

– rank by value;

– person (only for personal pronouns);

– number (if any);

– gender (if any);

2. Non-permanent:

Plan for morphological analysis of pronouns-adjectives

I. Pronoun. Initial form

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Permanent:

– rank by value;

2. Non-permanent:

III. Syntactic role in a sentence.

Please note: possessive pronouns are adjectives. his, her, their are immutable and do not have unstable characteristics.

Plan for morphological analysis of numeral pronouns

I. Pronoun. Initial form

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Permanent:

– rank by value;

2. Non-permanent:

III. Syntactic role in a sentence.

Examples of morphological analysis of pronouns

She asked me buy any watermelon and some peaches

she;

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Constants – personal pronoun, 3rd person, singular, feminine;

2. Inconstant – nominative case.

III. Subject.

I. Pronoun, initial form – I;

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Constants – personal pronoun, 1st person, singular;

III. Addition.

Any

I. Pronoun, initial form – any;

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Constant – determinative;

2. Inconstants – singular, masculine, accusative case.

III. Definition.

Some

I. Pronoun, initial form – some.

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Constant – indefinite;

2. Inconstant – accusative case.

III. Addition.

Morphemic analysis of pronouns

Plan morphemic parsing pronouns:

1. Select the stem of the word and the ending;

2. Select the root of the word;

3. Identify formative affixes (prefixes, suffixes).

Somebody came.

1. Base – somebody, ending zero;

2. The root of the word is Who;

3. Formative suffix – –That.

IN yours garden.

1. Base – your-, ending - -eat;

2. The root of the word is your-;

Nothing to do.

1. Base – nothing, ending - -eat;

2. Root – -h-;

3. Shaping attachment – Not-.

Test on the topic

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