In the East and Southeast (on the border with Asia) border of Europe considered to be the ridge of the Ural Mountains. The extreme points of this part of the world are considered: in the North - Cape Nordkin 71° 08’ north latitude. In the south the extreme point is considered Cape Maroki, which is located at 36° north latitude. In the West, the extreme point is considered to be Cape of Destiny, located 9° 34’ east longitude, and in the east - the eastern part of the foot of the Urals up to about Baydaratskaya Bay, located at 67° 20' east longitude.
The western and northern shores of Europe are washed by the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean, Marmara and Azov Seas cut deeply into from South. The seas of the Arctic Ocean - Norwegian, Barents, Kara, White - wash Europe in the far north. In the southeast is the closed Caspian Sea-lake, formerly part of the ancient Mediterranean-Black Sea basin.
Europe is a part of the world, most of whose territory is in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Strait of Gibraltar separates it from Africa, the Bosphorus and Dardanelles from Asia, the eastern and south-eastern conventional border runs along the eastern foothills of the Urals and along the main Caucasian ridge.
Europe as a continent is characterized by the following features. Firstly, it is a large single monolith with Asia and therefore the division into Europe is more of a historical than physical-geographical nature. Secondly, it is relatively small in area - about 10.5 million sq. km. (together with the European part of Russia and Turkey), that is, only 500 thousand sq. km from Canada. Only Australia is smaller than Europe. Thirdly, a significant part of the territory of Europe consists of peninsulas - the Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, Scandinavian. Fourthly, the mainland of Europe is surrounded by fairly large islands (Great Britain, Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya, Iceland, Sicily, Sardinia, etc.), which significantly expand its territory. Fifthly, Europe is the only continent that does not occupy the tropical zone, which means that the natural diversity of climatic zones and plant zones is somewhat lower here.
Europe has been and remains an important macro-region in the political, economic and cultural life of the entire planet.
Within Europe there are 43 independent states. In terms of territory size, they are small and quite compact. The largest countries in Europe are France, Spain, Sweden, which occupy an area of 603.7; 552.0; 504.8; 449.9 thousand km2. is a Eurasian power, covering an area of 17.1 million km2. Only twelve countries have an area from 100 to 449 thousand km2. 19 countries have an area from 20 to 100 thousand km2. The smallest area is occupied by the so-called dwarf countries of the Vatican, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta.
All European countries, with the exception of the Vatican, are members of the United Nations.
For a long time, Europe of the 20th century. was divided into two parts - Eastern and Western. The first included the former so-called socialist countries (Central-Eastern or Middle and Eastern Europe), and the second included capitalist countries (Western Europe). The events of the late 80s and early 90s radically changed the nature of the modern era. The collapse of the socialist system led to the unification of the German lands into a single state (1990), the formation of independent independent states on the territory of the former Soviet Union (1991), the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, Czechoslovakia in 1993. All this should not only be political, but also of great economic importance. Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe, as well as the countries of the Adriatic-Black Sea subregion, are gradually creating a market economy.
The new phase of detente, which began in the late 80s and early 90s of the 20th century, created a completely new situation. The idea of a pan-European home from the Atlantic to the Urals has become an objective reality. Conditions have been created for the existence of various forms of integration in various regions of Europe, including Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The first such “swallow” in the conditions of the new Europe was an attempt to create an interstate association back in the early 1990s, which the neighboring states of Austria, Hungary, Italy and the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia called the “Pentagonalia” (now “Octagonal”). This combination of states with different political and socio-economic status showed that neighboring states have many common problems (environmental protection, energy use, cooperation in the field of culture, scientific and technical progress). After the collapse of the CMEA, a geopolitical vacuum arose in Central-Eastern Europe. Countries are looking for a way out of it in regional and subregional integration. Thus, in February 1991, the Visegrad subregional association emerged consisting of Poland, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, which pursued the goal of accelerating the entry of these countries into pan-European integration processes.
Shores of Europe heavily indented by bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands. The largest peninsulas are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimean. They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of Europe. The area of the European islands exceeds 700 thousand km2. This is Novaya Zemlya, the Franz Josef Land archipelago, Spitsbergen, Iceland, Great Britain, and Ireland. In the Mediterranean Sea there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.Sea of the Arctic Ocean - the Norwegian, Barents, Kara , White - washed in the north of Europe . In the south-east is the undrained Caspian Sea - lake.
Coast of strongly indented bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands.The largest peninsula are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimea.They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of Europe.
European islands area exceeds 700 km2.This Novaya Zemlya archipelago of Franz Josef Land, Spitsbergen, Iceland, UK, Ireland.In the Mediterranean, there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.
In the waters around the coast of the European land transport cross paths that lead to Africa and America, as well as bind Europe together.
Detailed map of Europe in Russian with countries and capitals. Map of European states and capitals from satellite. Europe on Google Map:
- (Political map of Europe in Russian).
- (Physical map of Europe with countries in English).
- (Geographical map of Europe in Russian).
Europe - Wikipedia:
Territory of Europe- 10.18 million km²
Population of Europe- 742.5 million people.
Population density in Europe- 72.5 people/km²
The largest cities in Europe - a list of the largest cities in Europe with a population of more than 500 thousand people:
Moscow city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 12,506,468 people.
City of London located in the country: Great Britain. The population of the city is 8,673,713 people.
Istanbul city located in the country: Türkiye. The population of the city is 8,156,696 people.
City of Saint Petersburg located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 5,351,935 people.
City of Berlin located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 3,520,031 people.
City of Madrid located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 3,165,541 people.
City of Kyiv located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 2,925,760 people.
City of Rome located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 2,873,598 people.
Paris city located in the country: France. The population of the city is 2,243,739 people.
Minsk city located in the country: Belarus. The population of the city is 1,974,819 people.
City of Bucharest located in the country: Romania. The population of the city is 1,883,425 people.
City of Vienna located in the country: Austria. The population of the city is 1,840,573 people.
City of Hamburg located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 1,803,752 people.
City of Budapest located in the country: Hungary. The population of the city is 1,759,407 people.
City of Warsaw located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 1,744,351 people.
Barcelona city located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 1,608,680 people.
Munich city located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 1,450,381 people.
City of Kharkov located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 1,439,036 people.
Milan city located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 1,368,590 people.
Prague city located in the country: Czech. The population of the city is 1,290,211 people.
City of Sofia located in the country: Bulgaria. The population of the city is 1,270,284 people.
City of Nizhny Novgorod located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,264,075 people.
Kazan city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,243,500 people.
City of Belgrade located in the country: Serbia. The population of the city is 1,213,000 people.
Samara city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,169,719 people.
City of Brussels located in the country: Belgium. The population of the city is 1,125,728 people.
Rostov-on-Don located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,125,299 people.
City Ufa located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,115,560 people.
Perm city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,048,005 people.
Voronezh city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,039,801 people.
City of Birmingham located in the country: Great Britain. The population of the city is 1,028,701 people.
Volgograd city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 1,015,586 people.
The city of Odessa located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 1,010,783 people.
City of Cologne located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 1,007,119 people.
Dnepr city located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 976,525 people.
City of Naples located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 959,574 people.
Donetsk city located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 927,201 people.
City of Turin located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 890,529 people.
City of Marseille located in the country: France. The population of the city is 866,644 people.
Stockholm city located in the country: Sweden. The population of the city is 847,073 people.
Saratov city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 845,300 people.
Valencia city located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 809,267 people.
City of Leeds located in the country: Great Britain. The population of the city is 787,700 people.
City of Amsterdam located in the country: Netherlands. The population of the city is 779,808 people.
Krakow city located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 755,546 people.
Zaporozhye city located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 750,685 people.
City of Lodz located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 739,832 people.
City of Lviv located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 727,968 people.
Tolyatti city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 710,567 people.
City of Seville located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 704,198 people.
City of Zagreb located in the country: Croatia. The population of the city is 686,568 people.
City of Frankfurt located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 679,664 people.
City of Zaragoza located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 675,121 people.
Chisinau city located in the country: Moldova. The population of the city is 664,700 people.
City of Palermo located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 655,875 people.
Athens city located in the country: Greece. The population of the city is 655,780 people.
Izhevsk city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 646,277 people.
Riga city located in the country: Latvia. The population of the city is 641,423 people.
City of Krivoy Rog located in the country: Ukraine. The population of the city is 636,294 people.
City of Wroclaw located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 632,561 people.
Ulyanovsk city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 624,518 people.
City of Rotterdam located in the country: Netherlands. The population of the city is 610,386 people.
City of Yaroslavl located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 608,079 people.
Genoa city located in the country: Italy. The population of the city is 607,906 people.
City of Stuttgart located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 606,588 people.
Oslo city located in the country: Norway. The population of the city is 599,230 people.
City of Dusseldorf located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 588,735 people.
City of Helsinki located in the country: Finland. The population of the city is 588,549 people.
City of Glasgow located in the country: Great Britain. The population of the city is 584,240 people.
City of Dortmund located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 580,444 people.
City of Essen located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 574,635 people.
Malaga city located in the country: Spain. The population of the city is 568,507 people.
Orenburg located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 564,443 people.
City of Gothenburg located in the country: Sweden. The population of the city is 556,640 people.
Dublin city located in the country: Ireland. The population of the city is 553,165 people.
City of Poznan located in the country: Poland. The population of the city is 552,735 people.
City of Bremen located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 547,340 people.
City of Lisbon located in the country: Portugal. The population of the city is 545,245 people.
City of Vilnius located in the country: Lithuania. The population of the city is 542,942 people.
City of Copenhagen located in the country: Denmark. The population of the city is 541,989 people.
City of Tirana located in the country: Albania. The population of the city is 540,000 people.
Ryazan city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 537,622 people.
City of Gomel located in the country: Belarus. The population of the city is 535,229 people.
City of Sheffield located in the country: Great Britain. The population of the city is 534,500 people.
City of Astrakhan located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 532,504 people.
Naberezhnye Chelny city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 529,797 people.
Penza city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 523,726 people.
City of Dresden located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 523,058 people.
City of Leipzig located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 522,883 people.
City of Hanover located in the country: Germany. The population of the city is 518,386 people.
City of Lyon located in the country: France. The population of the city is 514,707 people.
Lipetsk city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 510,439 people.
Kirov city located in the country: Russia. The population of the city is 501,468 people.
Countries of Europe - list of countries in Europe in alphabetical order:
Austria, Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican City, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia.
European countries and their capitals:
Austria(capital - Vienna)
Albania(capital – Tirana)
Andorra(capital – Andorra la Vella)
Belarus(capital – Minsk)
Belgium(capital – Brussels)
Bulgaria(capital – Sofia)
Bosnia and Herzegovina(capital – Sarajevo)
Vatican(capital - Vatican)
Hungary(capital - Budapest)
Great Britain(capital London)
Germany(capital - Berlin)
Greece(capital – Athens)
Denmark(capital – Copenhagen)
Ireland(capital - Dublin)
Iceland(capital - Reykjavik)
Spain(capital - Madrid)
Italy(capital - Rome)
Latvia(capital – Riga)
Lithuania(capital – Vilnius)
Liechtenstein(capital – Vaduz)
Luxembourg(capital – Luxembourg)
Macedonia(capital – Skopje)
Malta(capital – Valletta)
Moldova(capital – Chisinau)
Monaco(capital - Monaco)
Netherlands(capital – Amsterdam)
Norway(capital - Oslo)
Poland(capital – Warsaw)
Portugal(capital - Lisbon)
Romania(capital – Bucharest)
San Marino(capital – San Marino)
Serbia(capital – Belgrade)
Slovakia(capital – Bratislava)
Slovenia(capital – Ljubljana)
Ukraine(capital – Kyiv)
Finland(capital – Helsinki)
France(capital - Paris)
Montenegro(capital – Podgorica)
Czech(capital – Prague)
Croatia(capital – Zagreb)
Switzerland(capital - Bern)
Sweden(capital - Stockholm)
Estonia(capital – Tallinn)
Europe- one of the parts of the world that, together with Asia, forms a single continent Eurasia. Europe consists of 45 states, most of which are officially recognized by the UN as independent countries. In total, 740 million people live in Europe.
Europe– is the cradle of many civilizations, the keeper of ancient monuments. In addition, many European countries have numerous beach summer resorts, some of the best in the world. From the list of 7 wonders of the world, most of them are located in Europe. These are the Temple of Artemis, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Statue of Zeus, etc. Despite the growing interest in exotic travel among tourists, the sights of Europe have always attracted and continue to attract history buffs.
Sights of Europe:
Ancient Greek temple Parthenon in Athens (Greece), Ancient amphitheater Colosseum in Rome (Italy), Eiffel Tower in Paris (France), Sagrada Familia in Barcelona (Spain), Stonehenge in England, St. Peter's Cathedral in the Vatican, Buckingham Palace in London ( England), Kremlin in Moscow (Russia), Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, Louvre in Paris (France), Big Ben Tower in London (England), Blue Sultanahmet Mosque in Istanbul (Turkey), Parliament Building in Budapest (Hungary), Castle Neuschwanstein in Bavaria (Germany), Dubrovnik Old Town (Croatia), Atomium in Brussels (Belgium), Charles Bridge in Prague (Czech Republic), St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square in Moscow (Russia), Tower Bridge in London (England), Royal palace in Madrid (Spain), Palace of Versailles in Versailles (France), Medieval Neuschwanstein Castle on a rock in the Bavarian Alps, Brandenburg Gate in Berlin (Germany), Old Town Square in Prague (Czech Republic) and others.
If we do not take into account dependent regions and incompletely recognized states, then Europe in 2017 covers 44 powers. Each of them has a capital, in which not only its administration is located, but also the highest authority, that is, the government of the state.
In contact with
European countries
The territory of Europe extends from east to west for more than 3 thousand kilometers, and from south to north (from the island of Crete to the island of Spitsbergen) for 5 thousand kilometers. The majority of European powers are relatively small. With such small sizes of territories and good transport accessibility, these states either closely border each other or are separated by very short distances.
The European continent is divided territorially into parts:
- western;
- eastern;
- northern;
- southern
All powers, located on the European continent, belong to one of these territories.
- There are 11 countries in the western region.
- In the east - 10 (including Russia).
- In the north - 8.
- In the south - 15.
We list all European countries and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.
Western
List of states belonging to Western Europe, with a list of main cities:
The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by the currents of the Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula they border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean. In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they stand out as an unfavorable demographic situation. This is a low birth rate and a low level of natural increase in population. In Germany there is even a population decline. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a subregion in the global system of population migration; it turned into the main center of labor immigration.
Eastern
List of states located in the eastern zone of the European continent and their capitals:
Eastern European countries have a lower level of economic development than their western neighbors. However, they better preserved their cultural and ethnic identity. Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be classified as the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographic center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.
Northern
The list of states included in northern Europe, including capitals, looks like this:
The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Spitsbergen and Iceland are included in the northern part of Europe. The population of these regions makes up only 4% of the entire European population. The largest country in the eight is Sweden, and the smallest is Iceland. The population density in these lands is lower in Europe - 22 people/m2, and in Iceland - only 3 people/m2. This is due to the harsh conditions of the climatic zone. But economic development indicators highlight northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.
South
And finally, the most numerous list of territories located in the southern part and the capitals of European states:
The Balkan and Iberian peninsulas are occupied by these southern European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The countries are rich in mineral resources. In agriculture the main efforts aimed at growing food products such as:
- grape;
- olives;
- pomegranate;
- dates.
It is known that Spain is the world's leading olive harvesting country. It is here that 45% of all olive oil in the world is produced. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró.
European Union
The idea of creating a single community of European powers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, or more precisely after the Second World War. The official unification of the countries of the European Union (EU) occurred only in 1992, when this union was sealed by the legal consent of the parties. Over time, the membership of the European Union has expanded and now includes 28 allies. And states that want to join these prosperous countries will have to prove their compliance with European foundations and EU principles, such as:
- protection of citizens' rights;
- democracy;
- freedom of trade in a developed economy.
EU Members
The European Union in 2017 includes the following states:
Today there are also candidate countries to join this foreign community. These include:
- Albania.
- Serbia.
- Macedonia.
- Montenegro.
- Türkiye.
On the map of the European Union you can clearly see its geography, European countries and their capitals.
Regulations and prerogatives of EU partners
The EU has a customs policy under which its members can trade with each other without tariffs and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the accepted customs tariff applies. Having common laws, the EU countries created a single market and introduced a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member countries are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely throughout the territory of all allies.
The European Union has governing bodies common to its member countries, which include:
- European Court.
- European Parliament.
- European Commission.
- The audit community that controls the EU budget.
Despite the unity, European states that have joined the community have complete independence and state sovereignty. Each country uses its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But there are certain criteria for all participants, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.
It should be noted that since its founding, only one power has left the European community. This was the Danish autonomy - Greenland. In 1985, she was outraged by the low quotas imposed by the European Union on fishing. You can also recall the sensational events of 2016 referendum in Great Britain, when the population voted for the country to leave the European Union. This suggests that even in such an influential and seemingly stable community, serious problems are brewing.
Foreign Europe is part of the European mainland and several islands, occupying a total area of about 5 million square meters. km. Approximately 8% of the world's population lives here. Using a map of Foreign Europe by geography, you can determine the size of this region:
- from north to south its territory occupies 5 thousand km;
- from east to west, Europe stretches for almost 3 thousand km.
The region has a fairly diverse topography - there are flat and hilly areas, mountains and coastal coasts. Thanks to this geographical location, Europe has different climatic zones. Foreign Europe is in a favorable geographical and economic position. It is conventionally divided into four areas:
- western;
- eastern;
- northern;
- southern
Each region includes about a dozen countries.
Rice. 1. Overseas Europe is shown in blue on the map.
Traveling from one end of Europe to the other, you can visit eternal glaciers and subtropical forests.
Countries of Foreign Europe
Foreign Europe was formed by four dozen countries. There are other countries on the European continent, but they do not belong to Foreign Europe, but are part of the CIS.
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Countries include republics, principalities, and kingdoms. Each of them has its own natural resources.
Almost all countries have maritime borders or are located a short distance from the sea. This opens up additional trade and economic routes. The countries of Foreign Europe on the map are mostly small in size. This is especially noticeable in comparison with Russia, China, the USA and Canada. However, this does not prevent them from being one of the most highly developed in the world.
Rice. 2. Countries of Foreign Europe
Almost the entire population belongs to the Indo-European group, with the exception of emigrants from other countries. Most of the population preaches Christianity. Europe is one of the most urbanized regions, meaning that about 78% of the total population lives in cities.
The table below shows European countries and capitals, indicating the number of inhabitants and area.
Table. Composition of Foreign Europe.
|
A country |
Capital |
Population, million people |
Area, thousand sq. km. |
|
Andorra la Vella |
|||
|
Brussels |
|||
|
Bulgaria |
|||
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
|||
|
Budapest |
|||
|
Great Britain |
|||
|
Germany |
|||
|
Copenhagen |
|||
|
Ireland |
|||
|
Iceland |
Reykjavik |
||
|
Liechtenstein |
|||
|
Luxembourg |
Luxembourg |
||
|
Macedonia |
|||
|
Valletta |
|||
|
Netherlands |
Amsterdam |
||
|
Norway |
|||
|
Portugal |
Lisbon |
||
|
Bucharest |
|||
|
San Marino |
San Marino |
||
|
Slovakia |
Bratislava |
||
|
Slovenia |
|||
|
Finland |
Helsinki |
||
|
Montenegro |
Podgorica |
||
|
Croatia |
|||
|
Switzerland |
|||
|
Stockholm |
|||
As you can see, the geographical picture of Foreign Europe is very diverse. The countries that make up it can be divided into several groups according to their location.
- Inland, that is, not having borders with the sea. This includes 12 countries. Examples - Slovakia, Hungary.
- Four countries are islands, or located entirely on islands. An example is Great Britain.
- Peninsulars are located entirely or partially on a peninsula. For example, Italy.
Rice. 3. Iceland is one of the island countries of Europe
The most highly developed economically and technically are four European countries - Italy, Great Britain, Germany, France. They are part of the G7 along with Canada, Japan and the United States.
What have we learned?
Foreign Europe is a relatively small area of the European continent, including 40 countries. Most of them have sea borders, some are located on islands. The geographical location of European countries is in most cases favorable. Foreign Europe has connections with the whole world.
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The video lesson is dedicated to the topic “Foreign Europe. Composition, political map." This topic is the first not only in the section of lessons dedicated to Foreign Europe, but also the first in regional geography of the 10th grade. You will get to know old Europe, which continues to play a leading role in the modern economy thanks to its financial, geopolitical influences and peculiarities of its economic and geographical location. The teacher will tell you in detail about the composition, borders, history, and countries of Foreign Europe.
Topic: Regional characteristics of the world. Foreign Europe
Lesson:Foreign Europe. Composition, political map
Europe is a part of the world with an area of about 10 million km² (of which Foreign Europe, in relation to the CIS countries, accounts for 5.1 million km²) and a population of 740 million people (about 10-11% of the Earth's population). The average height is about 300 m, the maximum is 4808 m, Mont Blanc.
Rice. 1. Mont Blanc
Features of the geographical location:
1. The length from north to south (from Spitsbergen to Crete) is 5 thousand km, and from west to east - more than 3 thousand km.
2. The relief “mosaic” of its territory: lowlands and elevated areas. Among the mountains of Europe, most are of medium height. The borders run primarily along natural boundaries that do not create obstacles to transport connections.
3. High degree of ruggedness of the coastline.
4. The coastal position of most countries. The average distance from the sea is 300 km. In the western part of the region there is no place more than 480 km away from the sea, in the eastern part – 600 km.
5. The “depth” of the territory of most countries is small. So in Bulgaria and Hungary there are no places that are more than 115-120 km away from the borders of these countries.
6. Neighborhood location favorable for integration processes.
7. Advantageous position in terms of contacts with the rest of the worlds, because is located at the junction with Asia and Africa, extended far into the ocean - the “large peninsula of Eurasia.”
8. Diversity of natural resources, but non-comprehensive distribution across countries; many deposits are largely depleted.
Europe is usually divided into Northern and Southern, Western and Eastern, this is quite arbitrary, especially since not only purely geographical, but also political factors come into play here.
A single economic, political and financial space is emerging in Foreign Europe.
The vast majority of countries are members of the UN. Switzerland joined the UN in September 2002, NATO members are 14 countries, EU members are 15 countries. Most countries belong to the group of industrialized countries. Four countries: Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy are part of the G7 Western countries. Post-socialist countries or countries with economies in transition occupy a special place on the economic map of the region.
Council of Europe- an international organization promoting cooperation between all European countries in the field of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, rule of law and cultural interaction. Founded in 1949, the Council of Europe is Europe's oldest international organization. The most prominent bodies of the Council of Europe are the European Court of Human Rights, which operates under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Commission of the European Pharmacopoeia.
Rice. 2. Emblem of the Council of Europe
After the collapse of the socialist regimes, the situation changed noticeably. Most countries of the former “socialist camp” have reoriented themselves towards Western structures. Currently, more than half of the European countries are members of the European Union and NATO, almost all the rest declare their desire to join these organizations.
The following events had the greatest impact on the formation of the political map of Europe: the First World War, the Second World War, the collapse of the USSR and the entire world socialist system. Until the mid-80s there were 32 sovereign states, including microstates. Since the beginning of the 90s - about 40 states.
Currently, there are more than 40 states in Europe. Most states by form of government are republics, 12 are monarchies. According to the administrative-territorial structure, all countries (except Belgium, Germany, Austria and Switzerland) are unitary. Largest countries by area: France, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Finland. Largest countries by population: Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy. Four countries of Overseas Europe are members of the G7: France, Germany, Italy, and Great Britain. Germany is considered the main economy of Europe.
Rice. 3. Political map of Europe
Homework
Topic 6, P.1
1. What are the features of the geographical and economic-geographical position of the countries of Foreign Europe?
2. What regions (subregions) are distinguished in Foreign Europe?
Bibliography
Main
1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 grades: textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.
2. Economic and social geography of the world: Textbook. for 10th grade educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky. - 13th ed. - M.: Education, JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.
3. Atlas with a set of contour maps for grade 10 Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: FSUE "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012 - 76 p.
Additional
1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., map.: color. on
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections
1. Geography: a reference book for high school students and those entering universities. - 2nd ed., rev. and revision - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.
Literature for preparing for the State Exam and the Unified State Exam
1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 80 p.
2. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.
3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography. Textbook./ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2012. - 256 p.
4. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010.- 223 p.
5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Exam 2011. - M.: MTsNMO, 2011. - 72 p.
6. Unified State Exam 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.
7. Geography tests: 10th grade: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky “Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade” / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.
8. Textbook on geography. Tests and practical tasks in geography / I.A. Rodionova. - M.: Moscow Lyceum, 1996. - 48 p.
9. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2009: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009. - 250 p.
10. Unified State Exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for preparing students / FIPI - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009 - 240 p.
11. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.
12. Unified State Exam 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks / O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.
13. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Model exam options: 31 options / ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2011. - 288 p.
14. Unified State Exam 2011. Geography: Model exam options: 31 options / ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2010. - 280 p.
Materials on the Internet
1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().
2. Federal portal Russian Education ().
6. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ().