- (אלישבע) Hebrew Other forms: Elisabeth, Elissiv (Old Slavic) Produced. forms: Lisa Foreign language analogues: English. Elizabeth, Eliza Arab. اليزابيث arm… Wikipedia
Elizabeth I- Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I () Queen of England since 1558, the last of the Tudor dynasty. Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. and other cities, as well as officials. In 1559, an act was passed establishing Protestantism in England.... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of World History
Elizabeth- s, female; decomposition Lizaveta, s; old Elizabeth, s. Derivatives: Elizabeth; Veta; Lilya; Lisa; Lizunya; Lick; Lizusha; Lizura; Lizuta; Lizavetka.Origin: (Hebrew name 'Eliseba' God is my oath, I swear to God.)Name day: May 7, September 5, September 18 ... Dictionary of personal names
Elizabeth I- (1533 1603) English queen from 1558, the last of the Tudor dynasty. Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth I was supported by the nobility and wealthy strata of London and other cities, as well as officials. In 1559, an act was adopted... ... Historical Dictionary
Elizabeth I- Elizabeth I. ELIZABETH I (Elizabeth) Tudor (1533 1603), Queen of England from 1558, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Under Elizabeth I, the position of absolutism was strengthened, the Anglican Church was restored, the Spanish “Invincible Armada” was defeated... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Elizabeth- daughter of Yaroslav I, married in 1045 to the Hungarian king, Harald the Bold (Strict), who, seeking her hand, performed a number of exploits in Greece, Africa, Sicily and Palestine and composed 16 love songs (one of them was translated by Batyushkov... Biographical Dictionary
ELIZABETH- (German Elizabeth) the central character of Friedrich Schiller’s tragedy “Mary Stuart” (1800). Historical prototype Elizabeth I Tudor (1533 1603), Queen of England since 1558, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The image of E. is endowed with deep psychologism and... ... Literary heroes
Elizabeth- oath of God; Lizaveta; Elizabeth; Elizavetka, Veta, Lilya, Lisa, Lizunya, Lizukha, Lizusha, Lizura, Lizuta, Lizavetka Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Elizabeth noun, number of synonyms: 3 name (1104) ... Synonym dictionary
ELIZABETH I- (Elizabeth) Tudor (1533 1603), Queen of England from 1558, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Under Elizabeth I, the position of absolutism was strengthened, the Anglican Church was restored, the Spanish Invincible Armada was defeated (1588), widely carried out... ... Modern encyclopedia
ELIZABETH II- (b. 1926) Queen of Great Britain since 1952, daughter of George VI ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
ELIZABETH- (Elizabeth), UK, Universal Pictures, 1998, 121 min. Historical drama. A story about the first years of the reign of Elizabeth I Tudor, about the difficult formation of one of the most famous queens of England. The film is notable for its excellent acting and... Encyclopedia of Cinema
Books
- Elizaveta Vasnetsova. Painting Buy for 1717 RUR
- Elizaveta Vasnetsova. Painting, Elizaveta Vasnetsova. Elizaveta Vasnetsova is a painter, children's book illustrator, daughter of the famous artist Yuri Vasnetsov. The colorful illustrated edition contains the artist’s reflections on creativity,…
Today, August 15, the only daughter of Elizabeth II, Princess Anne, who is 13th in line to the throne, celebrates her 68th birthday. We published facts from the life of her mother and father, Prince Philip, brother, Prince Charles, daughter Zara Phillips, nephews - Princes William and Harry - and even their wives - Kate Middleton and Meghan Markle, but we ignored Princess Anne herself. And quite unfairly, because her biography is no less interesting and rich in breathtaking events. Just look at the failed kidnapping of Anna for ransom! A professional equestrian, Olympic Games participant, the most hardworking representative of the royal family, mother of two children - we invite you to get to know her better.
Anne was born early one morning at Clarence House in 1950, two years before her mother, Princess Elizabeth, was to become Queen of Great Britain. She is the only daughter of Elizabeth and Prince Philip and the second oldest child.
Queen Elizabeth II with her daughter Anne and son Charles
Prince Charles and Princess Anne with the Queen's dog. File photo provided by Clarence House for the Charles Jubilee documentary
Until 1987, Anne bore the title of princess, when Elizabeth II gave her the honorary title of Princess Royal, which is traditionally bestowed on the eldest daughter of the reigning monarch.
Princess Anne in Berlin, 1973
Her full title is: HRH Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise, Princess Royal, Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Additional Lady of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Dame Grand Cross and Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order, Dame Grand Cross of the Most Venerable Order of St. John's Hospital Jerusalem.
Princess Anne, 1968
Princess Anne began participating in royal duties at the age of 18 - in 1969, immediately after graduating from school. That same year, she went on her first official foreign tour with her parents - to Austria. Since then, she has traveled outside her country at least three times a year and became the first member of the British royal family to make an official visit to the USSR in May 1990.
Princess Anne and Queen Elisabeth in Austria, 1969
Princess Anne in Moscow, 1990
Princess Anne became the first of the royal family to decide on a divorce and a second marriage since the Grand Duchess of Hesse Victoria, granddaughter of Queen Victoria (on her father's side) and Emperor Alexander II (on her mother's side). In 1901, Victoria divorced her cousin Ernst Ludwig, and in 1905 she married Nicholas II’s cousin, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich.
So, in November 1973, Anna married Captain Mark Phillips - the ceremony took place in Westminster Abbey. In this marriage she had two children: in 1977, Peter Mark Phillips, and in 1981, Zara Phillips. But in 1989, the couple announced their separation.
Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips
The divorce proceedings of Anna and Mark were completed in April 1992, and already in December of the same year she married for the second time - to Commander Timothy Lawrence, only this time the ceremony was much more modest and took place in a church in Scotland, where second marriages were treated leniently.
Princess Anne and Timothy Lawrence
Princess Anne rarely misses a major race, especially Royal Ascot. And all because she herself is a professional rider and previously took an active part in various competitions. So, in 1971, she won the individual event at the European Eventing Championships, and in 1976 she competed for a medal at the Summer Olympic Games in Montreal, and her horse Goodwill, owned by Elizabeth II, helped her in this. Anna is now President of the British Olympic Association and is a member of the International Olympic Committee.
You can read about other representatives of the royal families who participated in the Olympic Games.
March 20, 1974 almost became fatal for the entire royal family. That evening, 26-year-old Ian Ball tried to kidnap the 24-year-old princess. His car blocked the path of Anna's car, in which she and her husband were returning from a charity event to Buckingham Palace in the evening. Ian instantly jumped out of the car and opened fire. He injured Inspector James Beaton, Anna's driver Alex Callender and journalist Brian McConnell, who followed the princess's car and tried to protect her at a dangerous moment.
After this, Ian approached Anna’s car and shared his plans with her - he was going to kidnap her, and then demand a ransom of 2-3 million pounds sterling from the royal family. But not for myself, but for the needs of the National Health Service. When Ian asked the princess to get out of the car, she refused. Then former boxer Ron Russell, who happened to pass by and witnessed what was happening, came to the rescue. He crept up behind the criminal and hit him on the head, thereby allowing Anna to get out of the car and escape. Ron was later awarded the St. George Medal for bravery, and he told reporters that at the presentation, Elizabeth II told him:
You receive a medal from the hands of the queen, and gratitude from the heart of a loving mother.
Ian Ball was found mentally ill and sentenced to life in prison.
“Everything happened so quickly,” Princess Anne later recalled in an interview. - He opened the car door and said that I should go with him. I replied that I have a different opinion on this matter. I tried my best to be polite with him, because to be rude in such a situation is stupid, to say the least. I repeated several times that I would not get out of the car. I practically lost all my composure at that moment and understood that if he forced me to leave, I would definitely hit him and I could not avoid a return shot.
Princess Anne visited Inspector James Beaton, who defended her, in hospital
When Queen Elizabeth II celebrated her 90th birthday, she became not only the oldest monarch in the world, but also the longest-reigning head of state in British history. She comes from the Windsor dynasty and, in addition to her native island, is recognized as queen in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Papua New Guinea, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas and eight other small countries. The reign of Elizabeth Alexandra Maria saw the final collapse of the British Empire and the withdrawal of the colonies from English rule. Despite quite impressive criticism, Elizabeth II is quite a popular person in her native country.
She was born on April 21, 1926 in the family of the future king, and. The girl received her name in honor of her mother, but the princess’s full name is also made up of the names of her grandmother and great-grandmother. The queen's zodiac sign is Taurus. Elizabeth II had a sister, who was born four years after her, but died at the age of 72.
The first title in the biography of Elizabeth II appeared immediately after birth: the girl was named Princess of York. At that time, her father and uncle Edward VIII stood in front of her on the way to the throne, as did any boy who could theoretically be born to each of the candidates for the throne. The uncle initially became king, but less than a year later he lost the title to his brother.
Elizabeth II and her parents move to a luxurious castle - Buckingham Palace, where they spend their childhood and youth. Elizabeth II studied at home, but received an excellent humanities education. She studied art, religion, law, and specifically the British Constitution at a high level. Elizabeth II is fluent in French and is believed to have learned it on her own.
For the first time, Elizabeth II addressed her future subjects at the age of 13. During World War II, she appeared on the radio and expressed support for children who were affected by the bombing. At the age of 16, the girl already independently appears in public, and a year later she becomes a state adviser and joins the women's self-defense unit. The princess learned to drive an ambulance, received training as a mechanic, and rose to the rank of lieutenant. She is the only head of state who served in real life in that war.
Governing body
On the day of her coming of age, Elizabeth II officially promised the British Empire to devote her life to serving people, although at that time her inheritance of the crown was still in doubt. After the death of her father George VI, on February 6, 1952, Elizabeth II was proclaimed Queen. It is curious that the coronation of the girl was broadcast on television for the first time in history and many believe that this event gave a sharp impetus to the popularity of this media in Britain.
At the time of Queen Elizabeth's ascension to the throne, the ruler's possessions were much wider than they are today. The empire then included South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon, which later abolished British rule. Interestingly, Elizabeth II visited each country almost immediately, becoming the first monarch to visit Australia and New Zealand.
By tradition, Queen Elizabeth II has virtually no influence on the governance of the country. A woman’s task is to represent the country at international summits and maintain the authority of the British monarchy. Throughout her entire tenure on the throne, Elizabeth II maintains correct relations with all prime ministers. And although she is above the political fray and does not publicly express her own political opinions, statesmen consider it important to consult with her on many issues. She valued the queen's opinion, which she wrote about in her memoirs.
During her long reign over Great Britain, Elizabeth received both praise and harsh criticism. But both the queen's supporters and opponents emphasize the queen's humanity. The events of 1986 are an indicative fact. Elizabeth II was sailing on her yacht Britannia to one of her subject countries when she learned of the outbreak of civil war in Yemen. She immediately ordered a change of course and take on board as many ordinary people as possible. Thanks to the direct assistance of Queen Elizabeth II of England, over a thousand people were evacuated.
In 2015, "Canada's sexiest politician" visited Buckingham Palace. Then the Queen noted that the meeting with the Prime Minister was a unique occasion, because the last time they saw each other was 40 years ago: Justin’s father took him to see Elizabeth II when the boy was 3 years old. At the meeting, the Queen noted: “Nice to see you again, but under different circumstances.”. To which the politician retorted: “The last time we met, you were much taller.”.
Today, the queen’s height is 152 cm and her weight is 55 kg.
Personal life
Elizabeth II's personal life changed immediately after coming of age. The princess married a British naval officer, who after the wedding received the title Duke of Edinburgh. The husband of Elizabeth 2 is a descendant of Queen Victoria and a scion of the Greek and Danish royal dynasties. They met when the future Queen Elizabeth II was eight years old, and the romantic relationship between the lovers began in 1939, when the princess visited the naval college, where young Philip was then studying.
Wedding of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip Queen Elizabeth II and her husband had four children: Anne, Andrew and Edward. The last two were born after their mother’s accession to the British throne. The family tree of the British royal family continues to grow: children have long since acquired their own families and presented the reigning queen with grandchildren and great-grandchildren. In the family of Elizabeth II there was and, the first wife of Prince Charles and the mother of and. One of the strongest waves of criticism swept over Elizabeth II when she reacted with obvious delay to a car accident.
Queen Elizabeth II's favorite hobbies are breeding purebred dogs and horse riding. As she grew older, she replaced horses with cars and even today gets behind the wheel herself. By the way, the Queen does not have a driver's license. Even in her old age, Elizabeth II became interested in gardening. She is considered one of the world's most traveled heads of state and has already visited over 130 countries. The personality of Elizabeth II attracts attention and motivates creative people to create works of art. There are many lifetime monuments and sculptures of Elizabeth II. In honor of the queen, bridges and buildings are built, parks and alleys are laid out, stamps and coins are issued, and a variety of roses is even named after the monarch.
Elizabeth II often becomes a character in films. The queen was portrayed on screen, along with a dozen other actresses. And once Queen Elizabeth II herself starred in a promotional video for the opening of the London 2012 Olympics. Together with the actor who portrayed her, she flies to the Olympic Stadium by helicopter and “jumps” with a parachute. For this role, the 87-year-old Queen of Great Britain was awarded the BAFTA film award for best actress.
Royals are prohibited from maintaining social media accounts. However, the royal family has a person who monitors their official " Instagram" And " Twitter", where he posts photos and recordings with the permission of the highest authorities.
It is known that a whole team works on the queen's wardrobe. Experts suggest that Elizabeth's favorite color is blue. It was in clothes of this shade that the woman most often appeared in public. This may be due to the fact that Elizabeth II's eye color is blue. Designers have always noted the elegance and refined taste of the monarch.
Despite her age, Elizabeth II prefers to go without makeup and usually only uses lipstick. The woman puts on her makeup herself.
The Queen has a collection of hats. Elizabeth has more than 5,000 of these hats in her arsenal. Moreover, the monarch appeared in public in each of them.
In 2016, for the Queen's 90th birthday, a documentary film about Elizabeth II was released. Director John Bridcut was allowed to look into the personal video chronicle of the royal family.
Elizabeth II now
In January 2017, subjects were worried about the health of the ruler. Elizabeth II became very ill: the woman was struck down by a cold. For this reason, the Queen missed the Christmas and New Year's services.
In June, the monarch gave a speech from the throne in parliament. Elizabeth II presented the government program for the next two years.
In September, Elizabeth II said she plans to wait for someone other than “Mr. Putin” to rule Russia. According to the British monarch, he has lost touch with reality and there is nothing to talk about with him. The woman is sure that the time will come when Russians will again look at the British with aspiration.
In December, the Queen took part in a hunt at her country residence Sandringham. Sources reported that when the dog brought a wounded pheasant to the monarch’s feet, Elizabeth II was not at a loss and finished off the bird with a cane.
In November 2017, it became known that Prince William's brother, Harry, was officially engaged to the actress. The lovers were scheduled for May 19, 2018. However, Queen Elizabeth II did not give her consent to the marriage of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry for a long time, and according to the law regulating royal marriages, before the celebration, the monarch must give official written permission to marry. And only a week before the wedding, Buckingham Palace published the consent of the British Queen. The public was sure that Elizabeth would not approve of Harry’s union with a former actress who had previously been married.
And on May 19, 2018, the whole world watched the royal celebration. 600 guests were invited to the wedding, among whom were, with his wife and others. During the wedding, the queen did not show joyful emotions and never smiled. After the ceremony, Meghan was given the title of Duchess of Sussex.
Now the British public is waiting for Markle to announce her pregnancy and give Prince Harry an heir. The press periodically reports facts that confirm that spouses are striving to have offspring.
In February, the queen rented a plot in the center of Kyiv. The media were tormented by guesses why Elizabeth II needed land in Ukraine. It turned out that the embassies of Canada and Australia, which are members of the British Commonwealth and recognize the authority of the British crown, are located on this site.
On June 18, Elizabeth II attended the traditional ceremony for presenting the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain.
On June 19, an important public event started - the royal races at Ascot. Her Majesty attended this event.
That same month, the Queen's cousin Ivar Mountbatten announced that he planned to marry boyfriend James Coyle. Two years ago, a man caused a real stir in the family when he announced his non-traditional sexual orientation. Until 2011, Ivar was married to a woman named Penelope Thomson. In this marriage, the couple had three children. Ivar's ex-wife knew about her husband's inclinations and supported him. It will be Penny who will lead Ivar to the altar. The woman immediately found a common language with Mountbatten’s lover. This will be the first same-sex marriage in the royal family.
The Queen is scheduled to meet with the President of the United States on July 13, 2018. The working visit of the American leader will take place at Windsor Castle. In addition to meeting with Elizabeth, the president plans to spend several hours with the British Prime Minister.
Scandals
A loud scandal occurred in the 90s associated with Prince Charles. As you know, the man married Diana Spencer, who fell in love with the royal family and the British public, but all his life the queen’s son loved Camilla Shand. However, the monarchs were against their son’s marriage to a rootless girl, so she also quickly found a gentleman. But meetings with the prince did not stop. Diana knew about her husband's infidelities. William and Harry's mother tried to save the marriage, but it didn't work out. In 1992, recordings of a telephone conversation between Charles and Camilla were presented to the public. The words that the lovers said to each other made the royals’ ears “sag.”
Diana then became furious. As a result, the marriage turned into a war that ended in divorce.
After the tragic death of Princess Diana, those who blamed Prince Charles for what happened appeared. We went, and this happened not without the participation of Elizabeth II.
They also said that Prince Philip, the queen's husband, cheated on his wife many times. The woman did not comment on such statements.
In 2012, there was a scandal associated with the name of Prince William and. The future parents of George, Charlotte and Louis were vacationing in a private villa in France. The couple thought that they were alone on the beach, and calmly walked there, either in swimsuits or without any clothes at all. At this moment, the husband and wife were caught by the paparazzi lens.
At one time, the Queen’s sister Margaret “shone” in the center of gossip columns. In her youth, the girl was not allowed to marry for love, and she began to often visit dubious establishments. It was rumored that the ruler's closest relative was addicted to cocaine. Then she married an unloved man, whom she left after 18 years. During and after marriage, the woman did not give up pleasure walks. As a result, Margaret ended her life unhappy in a wheelchair.
The press wrote that Elizabeth II could help her sister and approve a bill that would allow her to marry her loved one. But this did not happen.
Once the queen was even buried. This happened live on the BBC. Then presenter Danny Kelly announced the death of the monarch. Later, the management of the television and radio corporation had to make an official apology to the royal family.
In 2016, there were rumors that the Queen was planning to abdicate in favor of Prince William and Kate Middleton, bypassing Prince Charles. But the rumors remained rumors.
On January 20, 1961, he ascended to the presidency of the United States. Four months later, the man and his wife met with the queen. The couple was invited to dinner. John came to visit Elizabeth II with a gift: the man presented the monarch with his photographic portrait. Historians wonder what the newly minted US president was trying to demonstrate with such a gesture. Elizabeth was surprised, but accepted the gift.
Jacqueline admitted that she was very worried before meeting the queen, but she warmly greeted the president’s wife and, so that she could calm down, showed the first lady a collection of works of art. Nine months later, Jacqueline Kennedy visited the Queen again, alone. And I was delighted with the visit. Six months later, the woman planned to host Elizabeth II, but when it turned out that the queen was pregnant, the meeting was postponed.
On April 12, 1961, a Soviet pilot-cosmonaut made his first flight into space. As a result, the young man turned into a world celebrity. Yuri Alekseevich was invited by foreign governments and organizations, including Great Britain. As a result, the queen herself wanted to talk to Gagarin, inviting the man for breakfast. Contrary to protocol, Elizabeth II sat the astronaut next to her and asked questions. Those present noted that the atmosphere in the hall was relaxed.
Queen Elizabeth II is the only UK resident who does not have a passport.
Interestingly, no one except the husband has the right to touch the Queen in public. And Elizabeth the Second never raises her voice or gives interviews.
Elizabeth fell in love with Philip at first sight: they met when she was 13 years old and he was 18. The well-built blond, cadet at the Royal Naval College, immediately fell in love with Philip. A correspondence began between her and Philip.
2. Elizabeth's parents were against her marriage to Philip.
Philip comes from a royal family: at birth he bore the title of Prince of Greece and Denmark. However, Philip's family was expelled from Greece. Leaving his native country, his relatives settled in Paris, and Philip was sent to London, where he studied, received the rank of midshipman and went to serve in the navy during World War II. Although the young man wrote long and tender letters to the future Queen of England from the front, Elizabeth’s relatives were not at all delighted with their daughter’s choice. They believed that Philip was not a match for the princess - his family was ruined. The only inheritance Philip received from his father was a signet ring.
3. Philip had to renounce his title and religion
The wedding of Philip and Elizabeth, however, still took place. True, for her sake the young man had to sacrifice a lot. So, he ceased to be called a Greek prince, became a British subject and converted from Orthodoxy to Anglicanism. He was ready to forever remain in history as the queen's husband.
4. Elizabeth and Philip's wedding was modest
Elizabeth and Philip got married at the end of 1947 - the war had just ended... By royal standards, the wedding was quite modest, although very beautiful. The dress for the main day in her life was made by court designer Norman Hartnell, who was inspired by Sandro Botticelli’s painting “Spring”. “I discovered a painting by Botticelli in the museum, which depicted a girl in ivory silk flowing along her body, strewn with flowers, asparagus and rosebuds. I recreated all this flora using crystal beads and pearls,” he recalled. Elizabeth's head was adorned with her mother's precious tiara, and a five-meter veil was carried by two pages. The outfit was completed with satin heeled sandals, the silver buckles of which were decorated with pearls.
5. Philip became the first to swear an oath of allegiance to Elizabeth as queen
Elizabeth and Philip were inseparable after their wedding. The girl took care of the house and was happy as a wife. Soon the couple had children - Charles and Anna. But in February 1952 the family's quiet life ended. The King of England and Elizabeth's father, George VI, died of a blood clot in the heart... Philip became the first to bend the knee and take an oath of allegiance to Elizabeth II as queen.
6. At first, Elizabeth forbade Philip from giving his children his last name.
After Elizabeth's coronation, Philip had to not only leave his naval service, but devote himself entirely to royal duties. He accompanied the queen on all her trips, helped her in state affairs... The man dreamed that his wife and children would bear his surname, but then the Windsors would officially cease to be rulers - and the Mountbattens would become rulers. Just the thought of this caused indignation among all Elizabeth's relatives. The Queen consulted with Prime Minister Winston Churchill and refused her husband's request to assign his surname to Charles and Anne. Philip was very worried and joked bitterly, calling himself the only person in the country who could not give his own surname to his own children.
7. Philip and Elizabeth were on the verge of divorce
In the mid-50s, Elizabeth was completely absorbed in state affairs, and Philip suffered because he had to leave his service in the navy. The relationship between the spouses became cool and, perhaps, things were even heading towards divorce - but the Duke unexpectedly found himself involved in charity work. And then Elizabeth became pregnant again - and suddenly allowed her husband to give the newborn, a boy, Andrew, his last name. The royal couple's fourth child, Edward, also took his father's surname. Thus, the couple's eldest children, Charles and Anne, bear the surname Windsor, while the younger ones, Andrew and Edward, bear the surname Mountbatten-Windsor.
The institution of monarchy has been the most important phenomenon in British social life since the time of the first English king, William the Conqueror, to the present day. What is this - a relic of the past or a symbol of national unity that has more than once united the British in difficult times?..
In our article we tried to give a brief historical background about the ruling dynasty of Windsor and the current reigning monarch - Queen Elizabeth II of England.
You will be able to get acquainted with the regional information necessary for everyone who has seriously decided - the biography of the Queen of Great Britain, interesting facts and even curiosities from the life of the royal family - as well as get acquainted with the original and learn the translation of the national anthem of the British Empire. Let's learn English like royalty!
Royal family name
The surname Windsor arose relatively recently. During the First World War, Elizabeth's future grandfather King George V (cousin of both the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the last German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm), who belonged to the German Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty (the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha), defiantly out of patriotic feelings abandoned his German roots, adopting the surname Windsor [ˈwɪnzə] after the castle that was home to the royal family at the time.
Thus, the beginning of the Windsor surname should be considered 1917 - a fairly young age for a European monarchical dynasty.
Until 1917, members of the royal family (British royals) did not have surnames: they were replaced by the name of the royal house and the name of the lands owned by the dynasty. Therefore, kings and queens signed only with the name - .
After the marriage of Princess Elizabeth Windsor to Prince Philip Mountbatten, it was decided that the heir to the throne would bear the surname Windsor, and descendants without the right to the throne would be called Mountbatten-Windsor.
Other royals have the right to choose their own surname: in addition to the Windsor surname, there are many others in the royal family tree (the surname is often replaced by the title).
Common forms of addressing members of the royal family:
|
HM - His (Her) Majesty |
His (Her) Majesty |
address to the king or queen |
|
|
Prince and Princess |
HRH - His (Her) Royal Highness |
His (Her) Royal Highness |
address to a prince or princess |
|
Duke and Duchess |
His (Her) Lordship |
address to the Duke or Duchess |
|
|
Earl and Countess, |
The Rt Hon - The Right Honourable |
Hon. |
address to the Count and Countess, Viscount and Viscountess |
Young heir to the throne
Little Lilipeth, as she was later called in the family, was born on April 21, 1926 in the family of a prince belonging to one of the most ancient and proud monarchies in Europe. And, what is especially important, it is a ruling one, albeit a constitutional one (the monarch governs his state only formally, since the laws are still passed by the parliament elected by the people).
However, the golden-haired girl’s chances of ruling the state were not so great: her father Albert (Bertie) Windsor, Duke of York, was not the heir to the throne.
But chance intervened: the young princess was not yet ten when a romantic and scandalous story took place in the British Kingdom.
In 1936, Albert’s elder brother Edward, by that time already King Edward VIII, decided to marry the American Bessie Wallis Simpson, a divorced woman (twice!), and also suspected of having connections with the military intelligence of Nazi Germany.
As the head of the Church of England, the king could not have demonstrated to his subjects a more flagrant example of a violation of the Seventh Commandment, “Thou shalt not commit adultery”: to marry a divorced person (“divorced”), and even twice, and even a member of the royal family (“royal family”), was equated with adultery.
Everyone and everyone was against the loving couple: the Archbishop of Canterbury, government ministers, and the British people. The king made a choice: after reigning for less than a year, Edward VIII abdicated (“abdicated”) on his own behalf and on behalf of his descendants (“descendants”), declaring the following in a speech on national radio:
And Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor - Bertie, Elizabeth's father - ascended the throne, taking the name George VI and making the eldest of his two daughters heir to the imperial throne.
The Steadfast Tin Soldier
When World War II began (1 September 1939), Princess Elizabeth was thirteen. London suffered from enemy bombing and the children of many residents of the capital were evacuated. But Elizabeth’s mother flatly refused to leave London:
In 1940, fourteen-year-old Elizabeth made her first appearance on BBC radio, addressing the children of evacuated towns:
In 1943, at the age of sixteen, the princess made her first public speech to soldiers of the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been a colonel for several months. After completing a driving and mechanics course, five months later the princess was promoted to junior officer (Junior Commander).
But despite the mother’s fears, the marriage turned out to be happy: after the wedding in 1947, according to tradition - in Westminster Abbey of London, the prince and princess - and then the king and queen - lived in peace and harmony for many years , celebrating silver, gold and diamond weddings.
- It is noteworthy that the princess bought fabric for her wedding dress using coupons - in the post-war period in Great Britain there were restrictions on the purchase of food, clothing, shoes, etc.; Out of solidarity with the people, the royal family adhered to the generally accepted card system.
The heir to the dynasty, Prince Charles, was born in 1948, and a few years later Princess Anne and Princes Andrew and Edward were born.
Crown for the queen!
The coronation of the 25-year-old Elizabeth II as monarch of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon took place on June 2, 1953 (her father died a year earlier, in 1952).
The dress for the ceremony, like the Queen's wedding dress, was created by fashion designer Norman Hartnell. It was a work of art imbued with deep symbolism: the white silk of the robe was embroidered with floral motifs symbolizing the countries of the Commonwealth.
The luxurious royal dress featured: English Tudor rose, Scottish thistle [ˈθɪs(ə)l]), Welsh leek (leek), Irish clover (shamrock), Australian acacia (wattle [ˈwɒt(ə) l]), Canadian maple leaf (maple [ˈmeɪp(ə)l] leaf), New Zealand fern (fern), South African protea (protea), lotus flowers, symbolizing India and Ceylon, as well as the emblems of Pakistan - wheat ( wheat), cotton and jute.
For luck, the creator of the dress, secretly from the customer, placed a leaf of a four-leaf clover on it exactly where the queen's left hand should touch it.
The coronation ceremony in Westminster Abbey was not much different from the traditional one, except that it was the first such ceremony to be shown on television.
The coronation was accompanied by magnificent celebrations in all countries of the Commonwealth, and in London, an official coronation luncheon was given in honor of the new queen, at which the chefs delighted the guests with “Coronation Chicken” - a dish created especially for this occasion.
- The royal family lives in Buckingham Palace: it has 775 rooms, served by more than 800 people, each of whom is traditionally sent a Christmas pudding by the Queen once a year.
- The monarchy "costs" the British people just over £36 million a year.
- The Queen's fortune is estimated at £300 million, which gives her the right to take only 257th place in the ranking of the richest people in Britain.
- The crown treasures do not belong to the queen - she only uses them by proxy, without the right to sell or give them away.
- The Queen was born at the end of April, but celebrates her birthday twice a year: the first time - in April with her family, the second, the so-called Queen's Official Birthday - on one of the Sundays in May or June, at the choice of the government .
Why at the beginning of summer? The official birthday of the monarch was traditionally celebrated with lush open-air festivities, so the choice of the exact date of the royal birthday party always depended on weather conditions - and at this time the weather in London is as dry and sunny as ever. - In 1981, during the Trooping the Color ceremony dedicated to the Queen's official birthday, while Elizabeth was riding her horse Burmese, six pistol shots were fired (as it later turned out, the attacker fired blank cartridges) . Without losing her presence of mind, the queen continued the ceremony, showing an example of restraint and composure in the face of danger.
- During her reign, the Queen answered more than 3.5 million letters and sent more than 175,000 telegrams to her subjects in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries.
- The queen's breakfast consists of muesli and oatmeal, yogurt and two types of marmalade - light and dark.
- Elizabeth II is a passionate lover of horses and dogs. Its purebred horses often win races, and its success in breeding new dog breeds is admirable. Officially, the Queen is the creator of the Dorgi and Fergi breeds, which were created by crossing the Corgi breed with other dog breeds.
How to address the queen
You can write to Her Majesty at the following address:
Her Majesty The Queen
Buckingham Palace
London SW1A 1AA
If you wish to adhere to all the rules of etiquette when communicating in writing with the Queen, address your addressee Madam, and end your message with the following phrase:
However, you may well adhere to a free style of presentation: after all, it is known that the queen even understands, because she often has to “SMS” with her older grandchildren.
Elizabeth II bears many titles and honorary titles, including the seemingly “masculine” titles of Duke of Normandy and Lord of Maine. But the official website of the British monarchy, when communicating with the queen, advises at the beginning of the conversation to simply address her: Your Majesty ("Your Majesty"), and after that - Madam or Ma "am. By the way, it is becoming increasingly popular with the queen, do not miss your chance:
National anthem of the British Empire
Its origin dates back to the eighteenth century. Depending on the gender of the monarch - and there are 40 monarchs in the United Kingdom: 34 kings and 6 queens, including the current one - the anthem was called God Save The King or God Save The Queen. queen"). The authorship of the words and music has not been established.
God save the queen!
(free translation)
God save our merciful queen!
Long live our noble queen!
God save the queen!
Bless her with victories,
Happiness and glory
And long reign over us,
God save the queen!
With your chosen gifts
Shower her with Thy mercy,
May she reign for a long time.
May she protect our laws,
To always give us a reason
Sing with your heart and voice:
"God save the queen!"
There are many different variations of the British anthem: we have given only a short official version, but you can find expanded and modified versions in the English-language Wikipedia.
From the point of view of English grammar, the British anthem is interesting primarily for two reasons:
- The use of archaisms (the shortened version included only the obsolete form of the pronoun your - thy [ðʌɪ]).
- Widespread use of the subjunctive mood - the Present Subjunctive, the subjunctive mood of the present tense - which is formed using the infinitive of the semantic verb without the particle to and means wish:
God to save the Queen! God to bless you!
- Wherein:
The verb be remains unchanged regardless of person:
I will be
he, she, it be
we, you, they be - In other cases, compared to the indicative mood, verbs in the 3rd person have singular. there is no ending -s:
he/she/it makes s - The modal verb may is also used in wishes:
May the force be with you! - May the force be with you!
So, God save the Queen! Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, Her Majesty Elizabeth II, By the Grace of God Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Kingdoms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth of Nations, Defender of the Faith.
A symbol of the English state, a mother of four children, a persistent and courageous person, a passionate animal lover and a woman pleasant in every way!
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