Pushkin is one of the most significant poets who have ever lived in our country. Both children and adults are read by his work. It was Pushkin who instilled in the Russian people love for their native language. After all, before him, all the bohemians of our society spoke French. In honor of the great poet, who did so much for his homeland, our contemporaries organized the days of the Russian language, which were called the Pushkin Days.
Why June 6
It is not surprising that the Pushkin Days always fall on a time interval including June 6th. After all, it was on this day in 1799 that Alexander Sergeevich was born. On this significant day, Russian President B.N. Yeltsin in 1997 decided to celebrate the Day of the Russian language. It's so allegorical. Pushkin not only in his time introduced fashion to his native language, he, unlike his contemporaries, mastered it perfectly. Many vocabulary tests, which are so fashionable these days, are written on the basis of Pushkin's works. Indeed, in the active stock of the poet there were more than 300 thousand words.
Holiday history
Pushkin days began to be celebrated long before the holiday became official. But as mentioned above, it received an all-Russian scope in 1997. On this day, the poet would have turned 200 years old. But Pushkin museums celebrated the writer's birthday long before the holiday took on an all-Russian scale. The festivities were especially widespread (and they still take place) in the Mikhailovsky estate and in the Pushkin Hills. All people who consider themselves poets, and even those who simply love poetry, gather together on June 6 on Pushkin Days. They do this in order to honor the memory of a person who was able to raise the authority of the Russian language in the eyes of not only his contemporaries, but also many European countries.
In 2007, for the 210th anniversary of Pushkin, June 6 was officially declared the Day of the Russian Language. Thus, the writer's birthday became an all-Russian holiday.
Where Russian Language Day is celebrated
Pushkin days are celebrated in all cities of Russia. This event is of great cultural significance. Events in honor of the holiday are organized by the city administration as well as all cultural institutions such as libraries, museums, parks, literary cafes, exhibition centers, leisure clubs, literary circles and theaters. Increasingly, June 6 is celebrated in schools and kindergartens. The younger generation is instilled with knowledge and love for fairy tales and poems. Thanks to them, children not only replenish their vocabulary, but also broaden their horizons. After all, it is so exciting when they read exciting stories to you, and even better when they fit into the script of the performance. But not only private and public institutions are engaged in the education of young creatures. Many parents independently organize Pushkin Day for their child on June 6. They organize family poetry evenings, where not only parents participate, but also the children themselves. They can recite poems by a famous poet. Thus, you can train your memory, improve diction and broaden your child's horizons.
But Pushkin Day is actively celebrated not only with schoolchildren and preschoolers. It is also celebrated by students of philological faculties. After all, they study the work of Alexander Sergeevich almost thoroughly, so at meetings in honor of the great Russian poet, they have something to discuss.
Events for the Pushkin Day
Preparation for the holiday starts early. Pushkin Day, the script of which is written in advance for the city administration, should be rich and interesting. After all, the main events always have exactly urban significance. Usually, all the events of this day are postponed to the evening so that as many people as possible can take part in the holiday. Most often, the celebration is accompanied by costume animation. Actors in costumes of the 19th century walk in the park and invite vacationers to take the most direct part in the holiday. The contests that are held are designed for different ages and levels of training.
Often on such a holiday they ask to quote Pushkin's poems or his famous statements, tell the poet's biography or show knowledge of the works of Russian classics. The actors also act out scenes from the life of Pushkin, read poetry, dance at improvised balls and drink tea from a samovar. Sometimes the holiday takes the form of folk festivities with songs, dances and round dances.
How Pushkin Day is celebrated in the library
It is very interesting. The most significant events take place in the library on Pushkin Day. This is not surprising, because it is difficult to find a person who would know the biography of the Russian poet as well as a librarian. People in this profession sometimes spend their entire lives studying and finding new information about the great Russian poet.
Pushkin Day in the library is a solemn event, and preparations are made for it in advance. Usually, preparations for a new event begin when all the events organized in honor of the poet this year are over. After all, time does not stand still, every year it is possible to involve more and more participants in events, but only on condition that the program is rich and interesting. The most frequent events organized in the library are Pushkin readings, viewing of feature films and biographical films, as well as lectures on the life and work of Pushkin.
It is difficult to imagine that an exhibition of books has not been prepared in the library for this solemn day. The subjects of such exhibitions are different. These can be books published in Pushkin's time, a biography of the poet written by his contemporaries, or art albums illustrating the most famous tales of Alexander Sergeevich.
How to celebrate a holiday with preschoolers
They try to organize Pushkin's day for children even in kindergarten. And this is not surprising, because most of the work of the great poet was intended specifically for children. Therefore, educators instill a love for the classics even in their smallest pupils. Children draw pictures and posters based on fairy tales and learn poetry. Many kindergartens organize matinees on June 6 to celebrate the holiday of the Russian language with the parents of their children.
How the Day of the Russian language is celebrated in schools
Pushkin Day, the script for which has been written in half a year, is widely celebrated in schools. Especially in classes with in-depth study of Russian and literature. Teachers organize the holiday with the efforts of their students: they stage theatrical performances, learn poems, study dances of Pushkin's time.
June 6 just falls on school practice. And the younger students at this time visit the camps organized at the school. Therefore, despite the official holidays, teachers do not leave children without exciting activities.
Why do you need a holiday
Many people ask themselves why they should celebrate Pushkin's birthday so widely. But in our country people are very fond of holidays, and our culture lacks just those that would be organized in honor of people of art. After all, the culture will depend on how the attitude to the aesthetic education of the population is set in the country.
And the people like the events that help them get to know their history better and learn more about the great Russian poet. The program of Pushkin Day is different in all cities, but there are also similar moments. For example, in all cities there is a celebration of June 6 in libraries, and poetry evenings are held in parks. This is the time when the cultured people of our country have the opportunity to meet, get to know and communicate. Therefore, this still young holiday has already made its contribution to the history of our country.
Thanks to Pushkin Day, the day of the Russian language appeared, in turn, thanks to which spelling dictations began to be carried out within our country. Thus, one minor event in its ten-year history was able to raise the level of culture. It is necessary to use this experience in the future so that the people of our country become more educated and more cultured every year.
Pushkin Day is celebrated in Russia annually on June 6. Petersburg, praised by the poet, will celebrate this holiday with theatrical performances, concerts, rap performances, excursions and poetry evenings.
Rap performance
The day will begin with a rap performance "Pushkin is mine". The performance "Invisible Theater" will be given at 10:00 at the Pushkinskaya metro station - the audience only needs to get into the Pushkin carriage of the literary train.
Celebration opening ceremony
The grand opening of the holiday will take place at 12:00 on the Moika River embankment, 12. The ceremony will be attended by the poet's great-grandsons Alexander Pushkin and Clotilde von Rintlen, as well as Ivan Pushchin, the great-great-grandson of Pushkin's friend and classmate at the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Ivan Pushchin. Guests will receive a drawing of "Museum passports" and a "museum citizenship".
Pushkinfest
Petersburgers will be able to discover new spaces and learn more about the poet's work. Thus, a visit to the ancient building of the Bironov Stables at 12 Moika Street will turn into a journey through the "Russian Fantasy". Illustrations to Pushkin's fairy tales kept in the museum collection will come to life on the walls. Guests will see the works of artists Mikhail Vrubel, Boris Kustodiev, Natalia Goncharova, Ivan Bilibin and Konstantin Korovin.
In the Green Hall on Moika, 12, visitors will be told about the history of the creation of a fantastic "fairy tale for adults" - the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" and will be introduced to the works of theatrical and decorative art from the museum funds.
The Pushkin Museum will show the history of the creation of "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
At the poet's memorial dacha in Pushkin, for the first time, erotic drawings of the poet, which he painted on the margins of his manuscripts, will be shown. Erotic drawings, innocent from the point of view of a modern person, have not been exhibited until now - they were considered "inconvenient".
In a miraculously preserved wooden house, where in 1831 Pushkin spent the first conjugal summer of his life, together with the children it will be possible to walk through the museum exposition with an audio guide. Every day, in the courtyard of the museum-dacha, all guests of the festival will have a tea party "Pushkin style" with white gooseberry jam.
The garden of the Derzhavin estate museum will operate in a family interactive mode - a play space where all installations and entertainment are dedicated to Pushkin's fairy tales. Children and adults will be delighted with squirrels in the aviary, photo zones thematically related to the stories of Pushkin's fairy tales, Arina Rodionovna's vegetable garden and a hospitable cafe. In addition, every visitor can get into the Home Theater and watch legendary animated films based on the poet's tales.
In the Memorial Museum-Lyceum, it will be possible to make a photo session with sideburns and walk along a special route in the halls of the main exhibition.
In the Memorial Museum-Apartment of Nekrasov, which also takes part in the Pushkinfest, from July 7, all guests will enjoy the intellectual game-quest "Dueling Code".
Fairy world on Arts Square
From 14:00 to 17:00, the Arts Square will turn into a fabulous world of animated plots, images and heroes of Pushkin's works. The holiday will be held under the motto: “He comforts the old, amuses the young, teaches the young”.
On the alleys-pages of an imaginary book, characters familiar from childhood will play, educate children, remember the poet's favorite lines and have entertaining conversations with adults. In the thematic sectors "In the Farthest Kingdom in the Pushkin State", "Reading House", "Miracles both here and there" will be shown the play "Let's Get Acquainted", contests "Draw a Word", "My Graceful Images" and literary quizzes will be held.
Viewers will be able to take part in the Book Crossing action, create paintings using markers and glass. On the attractions "Drum with a squirrel", "Goldfish", "Lukomorye", "Green Oak", you can make wishes, play with characters from Pushkin's fairy tales. For the winners in thematic contests and team quizzes, the organizers have prepared memorable prizes.
Free master classes from leading artists and masters of St. Petersburg will also be held.
Excursions
At 13:30 and 15:00 you can go on a bus tour "Pushkin in St. Petersburg", at 11:30 and 14:00 - on walking tours "On the Moika near the Konyushenny Bridge".
"The Poet and the Tsar"
In the evening, a concert-assembly will be performed in the Capella of St. Petersburg. Petersburg Concert and the Pushkin Heritage creative association present a literary and musical program The Poet and Tsar, dedicated to the poet's relationship with the royal family, the amazing interweaving of the fate of the descendants of Pushkin and the Romanov family.
Online program
12: 30-16: 00 in the media center of the Pushkin Museum webinars "My friends, our union is wonderful!", Dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the first issue of the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, will take place. Live streaming with virtual centers in the regions of the Russian Federation will take place online.
When is this holiday held? Pushkin Day in Russia, which is also called the Day of the Russian Language, is celebrated annually on June 6.
How is Pushkin Day celebrated?
How is the celebration going? Theatrical performances, performances of poetry, musical and literary concerts are timed to it, which are held in museums, libraries, exhibition halls, theaters, houses of culture and other institutions throughout the country.
In kindergartens, schools and universities, matinees, essay and drawing contests, quizzes, and festive evenings are held.
A large festive program is organized at Pushkinskiye Gory and Mikhailovskoye, where thousands of people gather. Alexander Pushkin's poems are read by both young, novice and well-known poets.
Conferences and seminars devoted to various poetic directions and authors are held; collections of poetry and almanacs are published.
History and traditions of the Day of the Russian language
The holiday, which is timed to coincide with the birthday of the great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, has a long history. In Soviet times, it was called the Pushkin Festival of Poetry.
Today, a memorable date is celebrated, established in 1997 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin and the establishment of the Pushkin Day of Russia ”.
And in 2011, the President of Russia signed a decree on the annual celebration of the Day of the Russian Language on June 6. This holiday was established "in order to preserve, support and develop the Russian language as a national property of the peoples of the Russian Federation, a means of international communication and an integral part of the cultural and spiritual heritage of world civilization."
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow. He is deservedly called the founder of Russian literature.
Even during his lifetime, in 1832, N.V. Gogol said about him: “Pushkin is an extraordinary phenomenon and, perhaps, the only phenomenon of the Russian spirit: this is a Russian man in his development, in which he, perhaps, will appear in 200 years old".
Pushkin's creativity accompanies us from early childhood - throughout life. The books of the great poet, which are in almost every Russian family, unite people of all ages, religions and nationalities.
And the language of his works, which combine the norms of the book and lively spoken language, still remains the basis of Russian literary speech.
In addition to Pushkin Day in Russia, June 6 is also celebrated: International Day of the Russian Language. The holiday was established by the United Nations Department of Public Relations. According to some estimates, about 250 million people all over the world speak Russian.
Today, Russia celebrates the Pushkin Day of Russia (Day of the Russian Language): June 6 (May 25, according to the old style, on the day of the Ascension of the Lord), 1799, the genius of Russian literature Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born in Moscow. The annual celebration of this event was established in 2011 by decree of the President of Russia.
In Moscow today, flowers will be carried to the foot of the monument on Tverskaya Street, and in St. Petersburg - to the monument in the courtyard of a house on the Moika River embankment. The house in whose apartment on the second floor Pushkin died before he was 38 years old. How much more he could do! And on this festive day, a painful feeling of loss is mingled with joy and the same bitter question haunted by the same bitter question: how could this have happened?
On the eve of the holiday, REGNUM correspondent Lyudmila Lis interviewed a member of the Pushkin Commission of the IMLI them. A.M. Gorky Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinist, Candidate of Philology Vladimir Evgenievich Orlov.
Vladimir Evgenievich, first of all, I would like to know how you came to become a Pushkin scholar. How was your creative path determined?
Fate seemed to be preparing me for this. My childhood was spent in Moscow, on the Arbat, in a house that was a meeting house before the revolution. It is described in one of Bunin's stories. The house was given over to communal apartments: all the "rooms" were converted into rooms. My grandmother, nee Filosofova, lived in one of the "cells" of a large apartment, where nine families lived. And my family returned there from evacuation in 1944. The same apartment was also occupied by two sisters who worked in the visiting house before the revolution. They were not affected by repression, since in 1917 they were declared a "working element". One of them was married, but her husband had disappeared somewhere, and the second was unmarried. Both were fluent in French. In the 50s, teachers of the French language from Moscow State University came to consult them. They had no children of their own. They liked me and my sister so much that they began to teach us French. My sister was more diligent, so she graduated from the Pedagogical Institute, trained at the Sorbonne, then worked as a teacher at a French college, now retired. I went to study in an ordinary "boyish" school, and when coeducation was introduced, I was transferred to a "girlish" French special school, because it was closer to home than others. Even then, I began to write stories, to show some kind of literary ability. I was simply immersed in Pushkin's poetry and prose. But my father advised me not to make literature my profession, and after graduating from school I entered the Bauman School, which I successfully graduated from.
In 1958, because of my father's work, we came to Leningrad for a while. I went to the Moika, to the Pushkin museum-apartment, where Pushkin's letter to the Dutch envoy to Russia, Gekkern, written in January 1837, was put on public display. The letter was in French, and next to it was a translation into Russian. I compared them and realized that the translation did not match the text of the letter. True, at that moment I doubted precisely my knowledge of French, but "the sediment remained." Later I learned that this was not a genuine letter, but a reconstruction of it. It sunk into my soul.
After graduating from Baumansky, I worked as a civil engineer, then I was invited to the army, where at that time there was a shortage of specialists, and I worked as a military engineer. While serving in the army, I entered the military institute of foreign languages. Upon graduation, he became a translator, defended his Ph.D. thesis. I served my 25 years, retired, but this letter gave me all the rest. And so, while reading the 1936 collection of "Chronicles of the Literary Museum", I came across an article by Pushkin scholar Izmailov "The History of the Text of Pushkin's Letters to Gekkern", which contained a link to an article by another famous researcher Kazansky. Both Pushkinists reconstructed Pushkin's writing, each in their own way. It was a very serious work on textual criticism, French phraseology and philology. I was lucky: here were the drafts of this letter as an attachment. I started working on it. I decoded them step by step, eliminating the shortcomings of the translation. For five years in a row I have published articles in the journal "Philological Sciences" on the results of my work. I was convinced that it was not in vain that I started it. And I still continue to work. And now, not so much with this letter as with what lay behind it.
The main thing that I understood is that the story of Pushkin's last duel is a combination of manipulation of sources and, unfortunately, a consequence of his own mistakes. Plus, Natalya Nikolaevna's youth played a fatal role in this whole story. I am not a supporter of the assertion that his wife was unfaithful to Pushkin, I believe him in this matter, I believe his words addressed to his wife: "You are innocent in all this." Yes, there was such a period in their relationship, starting from the second half of 1834, when Pushkin was very busy with writing and magazine work, and his beloved Natalie, having got into high society, was forced to meet and flirt with men at balls. Such flirting was an indispensable attribute of court life, but, of course, female coquetry was within certain limits. Everything that is heaped up in this connection around Pushkin's duel is not true. From the alleged reason for the duel, the notorious cuckold diploma he received, to the letter he sent to Heckern. Why? You can build conspiracy theories, and there are, I know, certain components that allow you to do this. But mainly because members of the royal family, relatives of Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna, were involved in this story. And when Pushkin, dying, demanded that the tsar return the documents that he had given him earlier, Nicholas I refused him. The tsar wrote to Pushkin to "die a Christian" and not take revenge on anyone. In return, the tsar promised that Pushkin's family would be financially secured. Pushkin was forced to accept. Zhukovsky and Dubelt, who were sorting through the papers, were ordered to seize all documents that could harm high-ranking officials and Pushkin's family and burn them. Moreover, when the investigators of the military court "pressed" Dantes and Gekkern, they also began to twist around the bush and issued documents that were falsified. When they were finally forced, they still gave the original papers. But, having examined them, the tsar decided not to attach them to the case, ordered the investigation to be completed immediately and later refused to return the documents to the two intriguers.
Pushkin's phrases “It will be easy for me to write the history of the cuckolds” and “Natasha, you are not guilty of anything, this business concerned only me”, coupled with the tsar's categorical order to consign the duel story to oblivion, did not allow Pushkin's friends to dig deeper. None of them really knew anything - Pushkin believed that he would cope with the situation himself, and Pushkin's closest friends did not show proper attention and sympathy to him. Those who were close to Dantes and Heckern were silent for obvious reasons, although some of them let slip.
What documents are we talking about?
First of all, about letters. Pushkin wrote two letters to Heckern - in November 1836 and in January 1837. He did not send the November letter to Heckern. He tore up two drafts, and the scraps were later found in a wastepaper basket. They lacked pieces, the most important, the most meaningful pieces, therefore, their reconstruction became necessary. Pushkin also wrote a letter to Benckendorff in November. But Pushkin did not send this letter either; it was found only after his death. The most disgusting thing is that it is believed that in January Pushkin insulted Dantes and Heckern in a letter so that they had no choice but to duel. It is not true. All this time, starting in November, he demanded of them, firstly, that they leave his wife alone, and secondly, that they leave Russia. And there were no offenses in the January letter. Even Pushkin's famous word "scoundrel" refers to the November letter. Someone took these scraps of the November letter from the trash can and saved it. It looks like it was Zhukovsky. On their basis, Izmailov and Kazansky, considering them as drafts of the January letter, reconstructed this letter. But there are still fragments of letters from the so-called Maikovsky collection - in 1925, fragments written by Pushkin's hand were found. I am sure that they are scraps of a draft of this January letter to Heckern, which was hidden from everyone. Ekaterina - Natalya Nikolaevna's sister and Dantes's wife - to justify the duel, managed to steal the November letter, and it was presented to the investigation as January, and there really was a lot of insults in it. And the real January letter was withheld.
Did you start by correcting mistakes in translations from French by other Pushkin scholars? Who else helped you in your research?
This work was hard. To begin with, the real French language in Russia is now completely lost. But even at the beginning of the last century, it was impossible to find an educated person who did not know French. By the way, the "French" pages of the text of the first editions of "War and Peace" by L. N. Tolstoy were not provided with a translation. Even teachers who are currently being trained by the Institute of Foreign Languages \u200b\u200band Pedagogical Institutes do not know the language well. And, unfortunately, no internships and no Sorbonnes will help them, because in France they also stopped studying Russian. I was lucky again. When I got serious about this business, God began to send me people who could help me in my work. It is a real miracle that I was introduced to Pushkin's great-granddaughter, Natalya Sergeevna Shepeleva. When I met her, she was about 90 years old. I spent the last years of her life with her. He was an amazing person, it was very interesting with her. She really knew French perfectly, so her help in my search was very important. Communicating with her, I realized that there is a secret in the Pushkin family, something is carefully hidden from strangers. Natalia Nikolaevna's definite love for Dantes was, and he later used this feeling for his own purposes. Natalya Sergeevna, Natalya Nikolaevna's great-granddaughter, did not like the conversation about this. Nevertheless, she nourished me with the realities of the Pushkin family and some subtleties of the French language. She found the revolution as a 15-year-old girl, her father S.P. Mezentsev was a general in the retinue of Emperor Nicholas II. In 1925, he first came to the Lubyanka, and in 1937 he was shot. Natalya Sergeevna worked in the conservatory library, she was not touched, and this was decided at the level of Stalin. There was such a director of the Pushkin Museum A. Kerin. Natalya Sergeevna, according to her, had a falling out with him, because, as I understood, she wanted more respect for her for donating the family's personal belongings to the museum: Natalya Nikolaevna's beaded wallet, her coral bracelet. The bracelet was in the possession of M.A.Pushkina-Gartung, Pushkin's eldest daughter. She gave it to her niece Anna Alexandrovna Pushkina, and she gave it to Natalya Sergeevna. Natalya Sergeevna was ready to give a lot more, but because of a quarrel she did not give it. As a result, after her death, much was lost. Where did it go - the ends are visible. But, alas ... She showed me the famous amulet, in which there was a particle of the Lord's robe. She kept it behind a curtain near the icon case, this incense was inherited from the eldest man in the family to the next eldest son. She was first with Alexander Alexandrovich - the son of Pushkin, then Alexander had to give it to Grigory, but he gave this amulet to his beloved granddaughter Natalia, whom he nursed in his arms and which was the last consolation for him in life. Natalya Sergeevna buried Pushkin's daughter Maria Alexandrovna, who died in poverty in March 1919. For Maria, they asked for a pension from the People's Commissar of Education Lunacharsky. He agreed that Pushkin's daughter needed help. But help was late. The pension came to the funeral. Natalya Sergeevna and her old aunt Anna Alexandrovna buried Maria at the Donskoy cemetery, and the money allocated by the Soviet government went to the coffin. They hired a man to dig a grave. After a while, they began to look for this grave, but except for Natalya Sergeevna, no one knew where the grave was. The grave of Alexander Alexandrovich, who died in July 1914 in Ostankino of the Kashirsky district of the Tula province, on the estate of his second wife, was wanted to be razed to the ground due to the fact that everything there came to complete desolation. Natalya Sergeevna made sure that Pushkin's son was reburied in the family crypt. In 1963, according to his will, his remains were finally transferred to Lopasnya. There are no Pushkin's heirs in a straight line, but there are many relatives in different countries. Under Natalya Sergeevna, they often met, talked, but after her death there was less such lively communication.
Photo: Vladimir Orlov
And where did the incense go then? Perhaps there were other relics of Natalya Sergeevna. Where did they go?
As for the incense ... Before Natalya Sergeevna's death, director Lyubimov's wife Katalina Kunz brought her home from the hospital to say goodbye to home. Natalya Sergeevna asked to call me, I arrived, and she told me that she had given the amulet to good hands. I recently learned that she gave it to the attending physician.
Natalya Sergeevna lived in a one-room, wind-blown apartment. There she had a corner where the icons stood, and below there was a mattress on legs on which she slept. Nearby, on the nightstand, was the icon of the Savior. Natalya Sergeevna said that in this way Natalya Nikolaevna's mother blessed her to marry Alexander Sergeevich, and on the back of the icon, under the velvet, there is an inscription about this, made by Natalya Nikolaevna's hand. After the death of Natalya Sergeevna, this icon disappeared. I read in the old newspaper Vechernyaya Moskva that this icon was sold for a million dollars to the All-Russian Pushkin Museum, which is located in St. Petersburg. There is the Pushkin Museum-Apartment on the Moika, there is the Pushkin House (IRLI - Institute of Russian Literature) and there is the so-called All-Russian Pushkin Museum, which until recently did not have its own premises. For some time now, part of its exposition can be seen in the backyard of the museum on the Moika. I looked for this icon in the exhibition, but did not find it. Then I asked the director of the museum S. M. Nekrasov about her, to which he answered me: where they read, there she is. This newspaper, by the way, also disappeared from the archive.
Pushkin also had a famous talisman. With the light hand of I. S. Turgenev, we have been persistently and persistently convinced for more than a century and a half that this is a ring with a carnelian stone, which Elizaveta Vorontsova gave Pushkin in Odessa at parting. There are two poems by Pushkin about the talisman. And in one of them there is a mention that the talisman was given to him by a "sorceress" - where the sea "eternally splashes on the desert rocks", "where Muslims spend their days enjoying in harems". And she warned: “... When cunning eyes will suddenly charm you, or lips in the darkness of the night will kiss without loving - dear friend! from crime, from new wounds of the heart, from treason, from oblivion, my talisman will keep! " We must pay tribute to Pushkin. He never "invented" anything. All the events that he described were real, from poems to "The Captain's Daughter". And I once told Natalya Sergeevna that I doubt that the ring stolen from the exhibition in 1917, on which there was an inscription of its former owner, a merchant, in the Hebrew language "Simcha, the son of the honest Mr. Joseph the elder, may his memory be blessed" - this is the very talisman about which Pushkin wrote in his poem. Natalya Sergeevna suddenly says to me: "Now I will show you something." She took out an old box, opened it, and showed a pebble of carnelian in a blackened silver setting. Its size was one centimeter. She said that, according to family legend, Alexander Sergeevich kept this box on his table and loved to sort through the little things that lay in it. I examined this stone under a magnifying glass. The stone had the shape of a drop, on the reverse side it was engraved with an inscription also in Hebrew, divided in half by a vertical line. To the right of the line is the first part of the inscription, to the left is the other. And the whole inscription was surrounded by crosses. These crosses shocked me. There were 12 or 14 of them. At one time Pushkin himself was engaged in the study of the Hebrew alphabet. Apparently, he wanted to decipher this inscription too. The myth of Vorontsova's talisman and other common myths about Pushkin are supported by those who "scientifically" work on Pushkin's legacy and who provided themselves with such work for many years to come. For example, the 30-volume academic Complete Works of Pushkin should have already gone out of print. The Institute of Russian Literature back in 1999 (!) Was given a grant for the publication of this grandiose publication. But so far only one (trial!) Volume has been released in limited edition. Last year I asked the Pushkin scholars from IRLI how things were going, fearing that I would not have time to give the texts for the last volume, where the poet's pre-duel letters should be published. They looked at me, excuse me, as if I were "crazy" and said that they were doing only the third volume, and they didn't even let me see it, because I wasn't ready yet. Yes, and the second volume was not allowed to see.
Or, for example, Natalya Sergeevna, giving her archive to the Pushkin House, wrote in a cover letter that it could be given to me - to Orlov Vladimir Evgenievich. I asked the gentlemen of this House for access to the archive. They replied that they knew about Natalya Sergeevna's permission, but refused to let me in to the papers. According to their rules, no one should be allowed near the documents until they understand them themselves. But when they figure them out, nobody knows. She died almost 20 years ago and they still haven't figured it out.
So, let's continue about the pebble. Natalya Sergeevna gave it to me before she died. I decoded the inscription. It read: "Lord, save him from unhappy love." And I told Natalya Ivanovna Mikhailova, the scientific advisor, about the pebble in the museum on Prechistenka. She told me that then we would somehow work with this stone. But "later" did not happen. I left for France and already thought that I would stay to live there. I made a pebble into the ring, having previously sketched it and the inscription that was on it. In France, we once went to a store with my daughter. And there, in the store, I lost it. He jumped off his finger, and I noticed it only at home. We looked for him, advertised in the newspapers. But he disappeared. Probably, this is a punishment for my then desire to stay abroad, instead of further collecting the truth about Pushkin here, in Russia, bit by bit.
So, Pushkin's talisman is irretrievably lost? Even the one who found it hardly realizes its value. Then back to the letters. After all, manuscripts, as you know, do not burn.
Pushkin's manuscripts are kept in a safe room in the IRLI and are opened only in front of witnesses. To see them, you need to wear gloves. And you need to get a special permit. I was allowed to touch them! I needed to see these letters. Some of the scraps of the aforementioned letters were glued together by the researchers Kazansky and Izmailov, and some of the scraps lay stacked on top of each other in an envelope. It was important for me to see for myself if they were glued correctly. And I was allowed, as an exception, to "rotate" them. Working on the letters, refining the translation of the letters folded from scraps, comparing them with the letters to Benckendorff, I managed to clarify the chronology of the events of the duel. It turned out that Dantes is not the main character here. There was one more person, the "tempter" and the main culprit of everything that happened, who was covered by Dantes, Gekkern, Tsar Nicholas I, and everyone else.
I would like to hear this tragic story from your lips.
During the summer and autumn of 1836, Pushkin's wife was subjected to a fierce attack by two "persecutors" - the experienced schemer Gekkern and his "adopted son" Dantes. The "indefatigable red tape" of the latter did not cause much alarm in Pushkin: Dantes' behavior was in full accordance with the court mores. In early October (no later than 19) 1836, Idalia Poletika, a friend of Natalya Nikolaevna and a secret mistress of Dantes, lured Pushkin's wife to her apartment. Dantes who appeared there (and quite possibly the "tempter" himself) begged Natalya Nikolaevna to "give herself" to him. She immediately ran away, but, unfortunately, was afraid to tell her husband about everything, which later allowed Gekkern to blackmail the young woman, whispering to her “in all corners” about the “love” of her naughty “son”, hiding under the pretext of illness at home, and even offering her to flee Russia "under the diplomatic auspices." Having been refused, Gekkern began to threaten her with revenge.
At the end of October 1836, Pushkin received a "nameless" (anonymous) letter by the city mail (possibly with a "diploma for the title of cuckold" enclosed in it), in which he announced the alleged betrayal of his wife. Finding unsigned letters and notes at his home and mistakenly linking them with Dantes, Pushkin went to him on November 2. Dantes assumes their authorship, but declares that they are addressed not to Natalya Nikolaevna, but to her sister Catherine, whom he allegedly intends to marry. Pushkin, as an honest man, is satisfied with this explanation. On the same day, Dantes informs Heckern about Pushkin's visit, giving the Baron “great pleasure” that Pushkin does not even know about the intrigue against him and his wife.
After several days of reflection and search activities, Pushkin was convinced of Dantes' lie. Upon closer examination, he discovered that at least one of the letters presented was addressed to Natalya Nikolaevna, and it was written not by Dantes, but by someone else. Pushkin realized that Dantes was trying to corrupt his wife in the interests of a certain "tempter". It became clear to him that the behavior of the adopted son was directed by Gekkern. Pushkin regretted that he had trusted and showed, and perhaps even gave Dantes this discrediting "tempter" letter. But it was too late. On November 3, Pushkin, wishing to forestall the "final blow" that the Baron and Dantes, who learned about the contents of the letter, could have inflicted, sends to a narrow circle of his friends and acquaintances "double letters" - blank sheets of paper enclosed in envelopes with their addresses and sealed with an inscription on them "Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin". Pushkin's calculation was that his friends, without opening the inner envelopes, would send them to him, confirming, if necessary, the very fact of their receipt. This gave him an opportunity to maneuver: if the Gekkerns began to blackmail his wife, Pushkin would have had every moral right to use this opportunity - to accuse two "persecutors" of Natalya Nikolaevna of disclosing the contents of the letter that had become known to him.
Pushkin “fell victim to an indecent position, into which he put himself as an erroneous calculation,” wrote the very knowledgeable A. N. Wulf in his diary. Well, if the reasons for Pushkin's death are reduced only to the story with the "nameless letter", perhaps this is so. Yes, the enemies turned out to be more cruel and insidious than Pushkin himself assumed, and the friends, alas, were less sensitive. On November 4, Pushkin received only 3 "internal" letters out of seven or eight sent out.
On the same day, Pushkin sends a challenge to a duel to Dantes as the direct insult to his honor. Dantes is hiding from Pushkin on duty in the regiment. Gekkern comes to Pushkin, who begs to postpone the duel. Pushkin agrees only on condition that the baron mentions the name of the person whom Dantes covered: Pushkin needed the testimony for a motivated accusation of a high-ranking "tempter who was disrespectfully (by Dantes's" confession "in the authorship of someone else's letter) put in a difficult position. Gekkern pretends that he did not know anything about this, and speaks of Dantes' longtime love for Catherine, the sister of Natalya Nikolaevna. On November 7, Zhukovsky goes to Pushkin and becomes a witness of him, who knew the background of the "discovery" made by Heckern, "rabies". In the evening of the same day, Dantes visits Vielgorsky. The purpose of the visit was a desire to look at one of the "double letters" received by Pushkin's friends. Information about the events that took place in the Pushkin family could have been communicated to Dantes by Ekaterina Goncharova. Vielgorsky did not show the letter.
On November 7-9, Zhukovsky spends on the road between Pushkin, E.I. Zagryazhskaya (Natalya Nikolaevna's aunt) and Gekkerns. Pushkin flatly refuses to meet with Dantes, which was intended to involve him in explanations in front of witnesses. On November 10, in the morning, Zhukovsky gives Dantes a refusal to mediate. Nevertheless, he continues to look for a way out, which he sees in the fact that Gekkern will officially announce his consent to the marriage of his adopted son with Ekaterina Goncharova. The baron is bargaining: he demands to show him the letter received by Pushkin. On November 12, Zhukovsky, apparently, again meets with Gekkern. The baron makes concessions, having received assurances from Zhukovsky that all those who are in the business, and most importantly, Pushkin, will keep the story "secret" with a challenge, the announcement of which would disgrace Dantes and Heckern. And, I will add, would have caused the wrath of a high-ranking "tempter".
On November 14, Pushkin met with Gekkern at Zagryazhskaya. Everything seemed to be going towards a peaceful outcome. But in the evening Pushkin said V.F. Vyazemskaya significant words: "I know the hero (and not the" author ", as they mistakenly translated from French earlier) of nameless letters, and in eight days you will hear about revenge, one of a kind." This phrase allows us to make the assumption that on November 14 Pushkin already knew the name of his wife's "tempter".
On November 16, Gekkern received a letter from Pushkin refusing the challenge to the duel because he learned "from rumors" about Dantes' intention to ask Ekaterina Goncharova's hand after the duel. The matter could be considered finished for Dantes, but the young Frenchman suddenly showed obstinacy, sending, without the knowledge of Heckern, a daring letter to Pushkin. We know about Pushkin's reaction to him from Zhukovsky's "Outline Notes": "Dantes's letter to Pushkin and his frenzy. Duel again. " On the evening of November 16, Pushkin asks V.A. Solloguba to be his second and agree "only about the material side of the duel", not allowing any explanation between the opponents.
On November 17, in the morning, Sollogub (contrary to Pushkin's demand) visits Dantes and sees him already completely subordinate to Heckern's will. Sollogub goes to Pushkin, but he remains adamant. Sollogub goes to Dantes' second d'Arsiac. The duel is scheduled for November 21. Meanwhile, both the seconds and Gekkern are looking for a way to stop her. Sollogub sends a letter to Pushkin informing him of the complete surrender of Dantes. On the same day, November 17, Pushkin replies to Sollogub, confirming in writing that he agreed to consider his challenge “inconsistent” because of the “public rumor” that reached him about Dantes’s decision to announce his intention to marry Ekaterina Goncharova after the duel. Authorized by Gekkernom, d'Arshiak, after reading the letter, says: "That's enough." In the evening at the ball at S.V. Saltykov's engagement was announced.
Contrary to their promise, Gekkern and Dantes, incited and supported by Pushkin's enemies, began to spread rumors discrediting him and his wife. In addition, shortly after November 17, Gekkern, irritated by the forthcoming forced marriage of his "son", resumed the persecution of Natalya Nikolaevna as a future relative. Probably, Pushkin these days learned more about the role of Gekkern - not only as Dantes' pimp.
On November 21, Pushkin writes a letter to Benckendorff and on the same day shows Sollogub a letter written to Heckern. On November 23, Pushkin receives an audience with the emperor. It is not known about Pushkin's active actions until the second half of January 1837, from which one can conclude that Nicholas I promised to warn the "tempter" and find the author of the letter from which it all began. It may well be, but this is my assumption, he demanded this letter from Pushkin and took from him the word "do not start anything without informing him." But Pushkin could not refuse Nicholas I.
On January 10, the wedding of Dantes and Ekaterina Goncharova took place. Pushkin was not present at the wedding and stated that his house was forever closed to Dantes and his family. And Dantes with even greater zeal began to play the "sacrifice of sublime love", and Gekkern - the "exhorter" of Natalya Nikolaevna. The situation began to resemble that of November, but this time, which was intolerable for Pushkin, it was accompanied by gossip in those circles where there were his friends, associates, and, finally, his readers.
On January 25, 1837, Pushkin sent a letter to Gekkern, which the baron and his so-called son considered a sufficient excuse to challenge Pushkin to a duel. Before that, at the ball at the Vorontsov-Dashkovs, Dantes was clearly asking for an insult from Pushkin. This gave Dantes significant advantages in the inevitable duel in this case. In addition, Dantes feared a public scandal with the exposure of his, at least, uninvited interference in the personal life of a high-ranking tempter, which could follow at one of the court balls or receptions in the presence of members of the imperial family.
The chronology shows that from November 21, 1836 to the end of January 1837, events took place, although they were hidden from the uninitiated, but well known to three people - Pushkin, Heckern and, in part, the tsar. This is one of the arguments against considering the "Pushkin's letter" presented to the military commission that was examining the duel case as genuine: received on February 8 or 9, 1837 through the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia K.V. These events were not reflected in Nesselrode's "letter to Pushkin". Another argument is the words of Heeckern himself from his unofficial letter to the same Nesselrode dated March 1, 1837: “Out of respect for the grave, I do not want to evaluate the letter that I received from Mr. Pushkin: if I presented its content, it would be clear ... ".
What letter was sent by Heckern through Nesselrode to the commission of the military court?
The commission received a fake, a list from Pushkin's November letter. And later the so-called autocopy of this letter surfaced. Why "so-called"? In my investigations, I have returned to the torn second white edition of the November 1836 letter. Pushkin edited on the 2nd page phrases about the role of Heckern: “You, Mr. Baron, let me note that the role that ... in this whole matter is not ... You, the representative of the crowned head, you were a pimp ... your bastard, or so called the bastard son, you controlled all of this young man's behavior. It was you who instilled in him the meanness ... to give out, and the stupidity that he ... Like an obscene old woman, you ... my wife in all corners, so that her ... son, and when, sick with venereal disease, he was ... "
Then Pushkin wrote with a pencil over the "pimp" a word that Kazansky and Izmailov read as "paternellement" (with two "ll") and translated it as "fatherly." But in the original there is no second "l": Pushkin wrote the adverb "paternelement" ("feigned fatherly"), forming it from the adjective "paterne", and not from "paternel", and the absence of the second "l" in it in this case is absolutely correct ...
The mistake of the Pushkinists can only be explained by the "borrowing" of this word from the "autocopy" that Pushkin himself allegedly wrote and which, as a result, turns out to be only a list with the second edition of the November letter edited by Pushkin. In addition, neither stylistically nor, first of all, factually, Pushkin could not have inserted into the copy, if it had been written by himself, two words "probablement" ("probably") into one sentence following the phrase about Heckern's pandering: “All of his (Dantes's) behavior was probably controlled by you; it was you who probably instilled in him the meanness that he dared to give out, and the nonsense that he dared to write. " As for the "copy" from the military court case, then it also turns out to be discredited by the mentioned "probably" and "fatherly".
So, both so-called "copies" of the January letter go back to the same source - the second white paper revision of the November letter corrected by Pushkin.
What was in Pushkin's January letter?
Five scraps have survived with text written in Pushkin's pencil with ink corrections. The pieces are folded into an incomplete (three pieces of the middle part are lost) sheet. Five more scraps from the Maykov collection can be added to this draft. They are written in ink, two of them bear traces of Pushkin's revisions, the other three do not. Texts on scraps are not repeated, which makes it possible to consider them in a certain, although, of course, conditional set.
Translation of a draft and five scraps from the Maikovsky collection:
“I’m not worried that my wife is still listening to your feigned paternal admonitions, I don’t want my wife… some insolent relative Mr.… after… and present her vile behavior as a sacrifice to one monarch… in gossip… mix and I… warn from this ... I have your measure, both of you, you do not have mine yet. - You ask what prevented me from dishonoring you in front of Our court and yours, and dishonoring you in ... that avenges me ... you do not imagine ... leave more ... the vile deed, which I ... and so on - but, I repeat, it is necessary so that all relations between your family and mine are now severed. "
“… I don’t… you three played the same role… finally, Madame Eckern. However, your son, dissatisfied ... I can allow that ... "
"Of course, I won't ... let her go ... drag and ..."
“… Well, Mr. Baron,… I don’t… allow all this to…”
"Here ... I wish ... there was more ... which recently ..."
“… Writes that… Petersburg. In February ... relatives ... position ... the emperor ... the government ... talked about you ... repeat ... "
This, without any doubt, Pushkin's epistolary material, with much more reason should be attributed to the January 1837 letter of Pushkin to Heckern than the notorious "copies". Only the original of the last letter of A.S. Pushkin to L. Gekkern could put an end to this question. Maybe it will come up sometime.
The fact that the tsar and his inner circle learned about the existence of at least two letters from Pushkin to Gekkern was indirectly confirmed in a confidential letter from Empress Alexandra Fedorovna to Countess S.A. Bobrinskaya: "Pushkin behaved unforgivably, he wrote impudent letters (and not one letter) to Gekkern, leaving him no opportunity to avoid a duel." Let us also recall that the “Pushkin's letter” was sent to the commission of the military court through Nesselrode, to whom Heckern sent it among five documents. But after a while, Gekkern sent Nesselrode another "document that was missing", among those that the baron had given him earlier. The Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, although he and his wife were in very close relations with the Ambassador of the Netherlands, which went beyond the official protocol, could not fail to fulfill the requirements of the official commission - to present her with some missing important document. We can confidently assume that this document was a real January letter from Pushkin, which the baron could not hide now, because already on February 4, Pushkin's second Danzas sent Benckendorff for the information of the emperor a genuine, "handwritten" copy of Pushkin's letter. As I said above, the king decided to keep this copy, like the letter itself.
It can be seen from the above reconstructed draft of this letter that it was not offensive in nature. Therefore, he could not be exposed as the reason for the challenge to a duel, and the Gekkerns had to resort to forgery - to pass off for the letter they received in January a revised, forged list from the letter they obtained by unknown means, most likely through Ekaterina, the sister of Natalya Nikolaevna, November 1836, letters Pushkin. This completely rehabilitates Pushkin and multiplies the guilt of the two intriguers who did not want to fulfill his just demands. Faced with the threat of leaving Petersburg and thus interrupting such a successful career in Russia, the Heckerns decided that only a duel could turn things in the direction they needed. Obviously, they were sure of her favorable outcome for Dantes. The reasons for this confidence and why the tsar ordered to “consign the whole history to oblivion” may be in the personality of the “tempter” himself. Besides, Dantes was an excellent marksman. By the way, a separate story is connected with the conditions of the duel and with the weapon that was used in the duel. Pushkin did not read the terms of the duel, but on the spot of the duel fired from an unharmed new pistol; Dantes's pistol was not new and was presented to him by a second, his relative and friend.
So who was this mysterious tempter? Did Pushkin manage to find out the name of his wife's real seducer?
Dantes and Gekkern stood their ground to the end - the "tempter", if they had betrayed him, would not have forgiven Dantes for the "disservice" provided by acknowledging the authorship of the anonymous letter, a service that put the "tempter" in a very "difficult" position. The shortest path of searches involved the participation of Natalya Nikolaevna. But all the actions of the poet in the winter of 1836-37, right up to his death, indicate that Pushkin did not use him. There is no better proof of the poet's love for his chosen one! And I, like Pushkin, believe in her complete innocence. She herself turned out to be a victim, according to P.A. Vyazemsky, "hellish intrigues" that were arranged against her and Pushkin.
Apparently, the third participant in the "hunt" for Natalya Nikolaevna and her tempter was ... the brother of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Prince Karl of Prussia. (Prince of Prussia Karl - Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia - was born on June 29, 1801, died on January 21, 1883. General Field Marshal (March 2, 1854) of the Prussian army, awarded the rank of Field Marshal of the Imperial Russian Army in 1872 - Ed.) ... The prince was forced to leave his homeland due to the fact that, in a fit of anger, he killed his servant with a stick. The Prussian king - the father of Charles and the Russian empress - was forced to put him on trial, which sentenced him to life imprisonment. The punishment was later softened and the prince was sent to Russia, under the care of his sister. Prince Karl behaved very badly, recalled the maid of honor Smirnova-Rosset. And Countess Dolly Fiquelmont called him "an insignificant and sometimes indecent prince: 36 years old, he played a boy, danced like a madman at balls, talked only with young girls and junior lieutenants." In those days, private balls for no more than a hundred people were held in the Anichkov Palace. The most beautiful women were invited to them. Natalya Nikolaevna was also invited there. The prince was a constant participant in such balls. Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich really did not like Karl's frivolous treatment of the ladies; he repeatedly made remarks to the prince. Another scandal, with the murder of the poet, of course, was not needed by the court. Rumors, in this case, would eventually reach Europe and would have undesirable consequences for the Prussian monarch, who vouched for his son.
Of interest are the notes of the 16-year-old daughter of the Emperor Olga Nikolaevna, which she made in 1837. “This winter we had brother Mama, Uncle Karl in St. Petersburg ... Once he invited officers and trumpeters of one regiment to his Winter Palace without the permission of the commander or one of the senior officers, and chose just six of the best dancers that could be met in all living rooms. Of course, these were only young people from the best families, and in Berlin it would never have occurred to anyone to be indignant about this. But in the eyes of Uncle Mikhail it was a crime. Uncle Karl also invited Mama, who appeared with him, to dance several tours as well. As soon as she appeared, the trumpeters played a waltz, my uncle invited Mom, Mary and the young ladies-in-waiting with the officers were also spinning, everyone was in the most cheerful mood, when suddenly the door opened and Dad appeared, followed by Uncle Mikhail. It all ended very sadly, and even the usual jokes of Uncle Karl could not turn away this end. The air was charged with a thunderstorm, and soon it broke out with one event that was indirectly associated with a failed ball. Among the six dancers invited by his uncle was a certain Dantes, the adopted son of the Dutch ambassador to St. Petersburg, Baron Heckern. Some time after this ball, Dantes fought with Pushkin in a duel, and our great poet died, mortally wounded by his hand. Pope was completely killed, and with him all Russia: the death of Pushkin was a general Russian grief. The Pope sent his own handwritten words of comfort to the dying man and promised him protection and care for his wife and children. He blessed the Pope and died a true Christian in the arms of his wife. Mom was crying, and Uncle Karl was very depressed and pitiful for a long time. "
When Pushkin was already mortally wounded at home, the emperor and Prince Charles were at the Stone Theater for a vaudeville performance. Nikolai Pavlovich was informed of the duel, and Dr. Arendt conveyed to him Pushkin's request to forgive him and Danzas. Pushkin could also ask to return the same "nameless" letter to him. But the tsar not only did not return the letter, but could show it to Karl, who would confess to him that he had taken part in the intrigue. Nikolai Pavlovich then advised Pushkin to die like a Christian, and in return promised to take care of his family. The funeral service for Pushkin was held in secret, the Prussian envoy was not present. All of Pushkin's papers were ordered to seal and burn those of them that could compromise high-ranking officials. Dantes was expelled from the country. His wife, Yekaterina Goncharova, followed him with Gekkern, who received his resignation without a farewell, as it should be according to diplomatic protocol, an audience with the emperor. Prince Karl remained in Russia.
Was Charles acting for himself or in the interests of someone else from the members of the Prussian royal house? Recently, I have been busy checking my assumption that Natalya Nikolaevna's secret breath was the Prussian Prince Adalbert (Adalbert Heinrich Wilhelm of Prussia (1811−1873), Prussian prince, naval theorist and admiral, one of the founders of the German Navy. Son Prince Wilhelm, the younger brother of the Prussian king Frederick William III. - Ed.). As I understand it, Prince Adalbert was also the creator of the Prussian military intelligence. From his youth, the prince traveled a lot in Europe: in 1826 he visited Holland, in 1832 - England and Scotland, in 1834 - Petersburg and Moscow. Here, Prince Adalbert was warmly received by Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, who on June 24 bestowed on him the highest imperial order of Russia - the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, as the august representative of the kingdom of Prussia, allied with Russia, and the crowned nephew of the King of Prussia.
Every year on June 6, the most reading country in the world begins to go crazy for Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It has long been decided that the great poet is our everything, and every year the date of his birth is celebrated with the greatest scope. It would seem that his creations are the deeds of bygone days, but in our time, Pushkin's works delight literary lovers with their magnificent style.
With Pushkin in life
Perhaps no other Russian writer and poet is loved as much as Alexander Sergeevich. They get to know him in kindergarten, enjoying the author's kind fairy tales, and continue to quote and remember all their lives, declaring Eugene Onegin by heart, invariably remembering the eternal ones: “I remember a wonderful moment”, or “My uncle has the most honest rules”. Pushkin's birthday is not just the date of the birth of a genius from literature, it is the birthday of classical, Russian literature and language.
Pushkin language
It is believed that it was Pushkin who became the founder of the modern Russian language, which we speak in the 21st century. Everyone who was born in Russia and for whom Russian is their native language is incredibly lucky. We have the opportunity to enjoy the poet's work in the original. But even despite the difficulties of translating poems into a foreign language, thanks to the skill and talent of the translators, the works of Alexander Sergeevich received recognition far beyond the borders of our country. Pushkin Day is celebrated with the same success as in Russia on all continents of the world. And even in Africa, where the roots of Alexander Sergeevich are.
Soviet Pushkin
Pushkin Day has been celebrated in Russia every year since 1991. In the era of the Soviet Union, the birthday of the great poet also did not go unnoticed. Only it had a slightly different name, namely, the Festival of Pushkin's Poetry. The poet was revered in the days of Lenin, and even under Stalin, loud events were organized on this day, paying tribute to the genius from literature.
Monument to Pushkin
The most famous monument to Alexander Sergeevich is installed in Moscow on Tverskaya Street. It was opened on Pushkin Day on June 6, 1880. Festive events dedicated to the birth of the poet are held not only at the famous monument, but also in numerous so-called Pushkin places. Tens of thousands of admirers of Pushkin's work come to the village of Mikhailovskoye, where they read the poet's immortal poems. The most courageous even submit their poems to the public, trying to imitate Pushkin's poetry. In 2011, President Putin signed a decree approving a new public holiday - Day of the Russian Language. And it's hard to come up with a better date than Pushkin's birthday for this. The document says about the Russian language as a national treasure of Russia. Since 2011, the Day of the Russian Language has been officially celebrated at the UN.