On this page you can view the declension of the word "Ukrainian" by cases, both singular and plural. Ukrainian word consisting of 10 letters. Word Declension Table
"Ukrainian"
by case is given below.
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Plural
Singular
It is important to know about word declension
Difficulties in the formation of numeral forms and their use in speech are mainly associated with their change in cases and combination with nouns.
The majority of numerals are declined according to the third declension. The numeral thousand changes like a first declension noun. The numerals forty and one hundred have only one form in the indirect cases - forty, hundred...
When declension of compound ordinal numbers changes only their last part Collective numerals (two, three, etc.) can only be used with masculine nouns, nouns denoting baby animals, or those that only have a plural form.
Combinations of compound numerals ending in two, three, four, with nouns that have no form singular, are unacceptable. Only combinations like twenty-one days, twenty-five days are possible. The numeral pronoun both has two gender forms: both – masculine and neuter gender
, both –
feminine
. The same applies to the numeral one and a half.
Adjectives are a part of speech that denotes the attribute of an object and answers the questions which?, which?, which?, which? The adjective has the same case form, number and gender as the noun on which it depends.
In the singular, adjectives change according to gender and case. The gender of plural adjectives is not determined. The gender of plural adjectives cannot be determined. Changing nouns by case is characterized by changing their endings, which are called case forms. There are a total of six cases in the Russian language, each of which has its own auxiliary question.
Cases express the different roles of a noun in a sentence. There are six cases in the Russian language. You can determine the case of a noun in a sentence by the question.
In addition to the main questions, the case of a noun can also be found out by auxiliary questions answered by the circumstances.
Video lesson in the Russian language "Changing personal pronouns by case"
NUMERAL
3. MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NUMERALS
The numeral is a morphologically unique class of words, because it neutralized the grammatical categories of gender and number inherited from nouns and adjectives and remained the exponent of only one grammatical category - the category of case. Having retained the conjugations, the numeral did not lose connection with names and thereby did not turn into an adverb. However, the case of the numeral has its own specifics in comparison with the category of case of the noun and adjective. This is manifested primarily in a fairly branched system of inflection, which is due to the genetic connections of numerals with different groups words In the Ukrainian language, only the numeral one and a half - one and a half has lost its declination. The numerals ninety, one hundred, and forty have the declination system. The rest of the case paradigms of numerals refers to three - and four types, compare: five, five, five; four, four, four, four.
According to the nature of the means of expressing case forms in the word system of the Slavniki, nine types of case paradigms are distinguished, namely: 1) declension of the numeral one (one, one(s), one): 2) declension of the numerals two, three, four; 3) declension of numerals from five to ten and all numerals by ten and ten; 4) declension of the numerals forty, ninety, one hundred; 5) declination of the numerals two hundred, four hundred and the numerals by - hundred; 6) declension of the numerals thousand, million, mіayard; 7) declension of collective numerals; 8) declension of fractional numerals; 9) declension of unmarked cardinal numerals.
The paradigm of the numeral one (one, one(s), one) includes the following case forms:
| The only thing | A bunch of |
||
| Person genus - | Wednesdays, gender | Husband. genus | |
| N. one | one(s) | one | one |
| G. one | one-idea(s) | some |
|
| D. one | one | one |
|
| S. one or | one(s) | one-on-one | one or the same |
| one | |||
| O. one | one | alone |
|
| M. (on) one(s) | (on) one | some |
|
The numeral one (one, one(s), one) is declined as the pronoun that (that, that, those). The genitive and instrumental cases of the singular feminine gender of the numeral one have parallel forms of one - one, one - the other, which arose under the influence of borrower forms that - that, that - that.
Vidminkov’s paradigm of the numerals two, three, four covers the following forms:
The only thing
| Person - Wednesday, birth | Husband. genus | |||||||
| N. door | dv-i | tr-s | four | |||||
| G. door-oh | tr-"oh | four-"oh | ||||||
| D. door | tr-"ohm | Chogir-"om | ||||||
| 3. dv-a or dv-oh | dv-i or dv-oh | tr-s or | four or | |||||
| tr-"oh | four-"oh |
|||||||
| O. dv-ohm | tr-"oma | four-ma | ||||||
| M. (on) dv-oh | (on) tr-"oh | (on) four-"oh | ||||||
The numeral two in the nominative and accusative cases differs by gender (two is the form of the human environment, gender, two is the form of the feminine gender), in the oblique cases there is no difference by gender. In the instrumental case, the numerals two and three have the ending oma, and the numeral four ends in ma.
The form of the accusative case of the numerals two, three, four depends on the meaning of the nouns with which they are used: when naming inanimate objects, the form of the accusative case is the same as the nominative form; when naming living beings, it coincides with the form of the genitive case.
The numerals from five to ten and the numerals ten and ten have the following Vidminkov paradigm:
| five | eleven | seventy | ||||||
| five-and (-"oh) | elevens (-"oh) | seventy-s(-"oh) | ||||||
| heel(-"ohm) | elevens (-" ohm) | seventy-s(-"ohm) |
||||||
| five or five (-"oh) | eleven or | seventy or | ||||||
| elevens (-"oh) | seventy-s(-"oh) | |||||||
| five-ma(-"oma) | eleven-ma (-"oma) eleven-s (-"oh) | seventy-ma(-"oma) | ||||||
| (on) heels (-"oh) | seventy-s(-"oh) | |||||||
This paradigm unites greatest number numerals. Its characteristic feature is the presence of two subsystems of forms - the primary forms of generic, given and local cases na-s and secondary ones, developed under the influence of the numerals two, three, four, forms-oh, -om. In the instrumental case, only secondary forms with two types of endings are used - -ma and -oma.
The paradigm of the numerals forty, ninety, one hundred is the most similar, because it includes only two forms that differ in endings: one for the nominative - accusative case, the second for the oblique cases - genitive, dalial, instrumental and local.
| N. forty | ninety | one hundred |
| G. magpie | ninety | hundred |
| D. magpie | ninety | hundred |
| S. forty | ninety | one hundred |
| O. magpie | ninety | hundred |
| M. (on) forty | (at) ninety | (on) a hundred |
The paradigm of the numerals two hundred, four hundred and numerals per - hundred is implemented in the following forms:
| N. two hundred | four hundred | nine hundred |
| G. two hundred | four hundred | nine hundred |
| D. two hundred | four hundred | dev"yatists |
| S. two hundred | four hundred | nine hundred |
| O. two hundred | four hundred | dev "yatomastami dev" yatomastami |
| M. (at) two hundred | (at) four hundred | (on) dev "yatists |
In this paradigm of numerals, both parts are declined, and the first part of the numerals from five hundred to nine hundred can be used in both case forms - forms on-s and-oh, -oh.
The numerals thousand, million, billion, zero are declined as corresponding nouns, in particular thousand - as a noun of the first declension of a mixed group; million, billion - as Nouns of the second declension of the solid group; zero - as a noun of the second declension of the soft group.
| N. thousand-a | million | zero |
| G. thousand | million | n-i |
| D. thousand | million | n-yu(-evi) |
| Z. thousand | million | zero |
| O. thousand to her | million-ohm | zero |
| M. (per) thousand | (per) million | n-i |
In the Vidmink paradigm of collective numerals, the following forms are distinguished:
| N. two | five | offended, about], offended |
| G. door-oh | hey-oh | oh-oh |
| D. door | heel | volume |
| 3. two-e or two-oh | p"yater-o or five-"oh | offended or odo "\-e, offended or o-oh |
| 0. dv-ohm | five-yu, - "oma | oh-oh |
| M. (on) dv-oh | (on) five-"oh | (on) oh-oh |
Collective numerals in oblique cases have the forms of the corresponding cardinal numerals, and in the numerals five, twenty and thirty they coincide with the secondary forms of the corresponding cardinal numerals. The numerals both, both, both are declined as the numeral two, losing gender indicators in indirect cases.
Fractional numerals, which are analytical in their structure, lean towards two paradigms: the first component is actually the numerical one, the second component is according to the prikmetnikov one.
fifth and twelfth
Z. tr-y syom-yh
five twelves
O. tr-"oma syom-yi
five-ma-twelve
M. (on) tr-"oh syom yh
(on) five and twelve
The vocabulary of unsignified cardinal numerals is variegated, because a small number of these conjugated lexemes form three paradigms, namely: several, several are conjugated like the numeral two; a lot, a little - like the numeral three; several, one hundred, several tens - like the numeral five. Undesignated cardinal numerals are few, many, many are generally unchangeable lexemes.
| N. quantity | many-o | some |
| G. quantity-oh | a lot of - "oh" | kilkanadts (-"oh) |
| D. quantity | many-"ohm | kіlkanadts(-"ohms) |
| S. quantity-a, -oh | a lot of - "oh" | several, several Canadians (-"oh) |
| O. quantity | bonfires | several-ma(-"ohm) |
| M. (on) count-oh | (on) many-"oh | (on) the Canadians (-"oh) |
In compound numerals, each component is declined according to general paradigmatic features, cf.:
N. Art. - seventy-six
G. st-a seventies (-"oh) poles (-"oh)
D. st-a seventy-s (- "ohm) pole-s (- "ohm)
W. st. seventy-six
O. st-a seventy-ma(-"oma) six-ma(-"oma)
M. (on) st-a seventy-s (-"oh) poles (-"oh)
Plural
1. The norm of literary language is the declension of each word and each part in compound and complex cardinal numerals. In oral speech, there is a regular loss of declension in all parts except the last.
Wed: the norm is the form: with five hundred sixty three rubles, V oral speech typical - with five hundred and sixty-three rubles.
Note, that the loss of declension of each part, except the last, is not allowed by literary norm!
In addition, it should be remembered that the majority of numerals are declined according to the third declension.
The numeral thousand changes like a noun of the first declension (in common parlance its illegal declension of the third type is often found: with a thousand instead of normative with a thousand).
The numerals forty and one hundred have only one form in oblique cases - forty, one hundred, but as part of complex numerals one hundred Declined according to the archaic declension: about three hundred, with three hundred.
2. When declension compound ordinal numbers only their last part changes. It is this part that has the form of an ordinal number, coinciding with the form full adjectives. The remaining parts have the form of cardinal numbers, but do not change!
Wed: one thousand nine hundred and forty-one - in one thousand nine hundred and forty-five; two thousand and three - until two thousand and three.
3. Collective numbers ( two, three etc.) can only be used with masculine nouns, nouns denoting young animals or having only a plural form:
two men, two guys, two kittens, two scissors.
In other cases, the use of collective numerals in literary language unacceptable.
Also, remember that collective numbers only express numbers from two to ten! Therefore, when indicating a number of more than ten males or young animals, quantitative numerals should be used:
twelve friends, forty-five cubs.
Particular attention should be paid to indicate a quantity of more than ten for those nouns that do not have a singular form.
Combinations of compound numerals ending in two three four, with nouns that do not have a singular form ( 22 days - twenty two days), are unacceptable in literary speech. Only combinations of type twenty-one days, twenty-five days. If it is necessary to indicate the corresponding number, a noun that does not have a singular form must be replaced with a synonymous one that has both number forms ( twenty two days). With nouns scissors, forceps etc. you can use words like thing and etc. ( twenty three pieces of scissors).
4. The numeral pronoun both has two gender forms: both(Not wallpaper!) - masculine and neuter, both- feminine gender: in both states, in both countries. The same applies to the numeral one and a half ( one and a half rubles, one and a half thousand). In addition, in indirect cases this numeral has the form one and a half(about one and a half thousand rubles). The numeral one and a half hundred has a similar form in indirect cases ( about one and a half hundred rubles).
5. Collocations "numeral plus noun" behave differently in the nominative and oblique cases.
In the nominative case, the numeral controls the genitive case of the noun (to give fifty-five rubles).
In indirect cases, the main word becomes the noun, and the numeral agrees with it ( about fifty-five rubles). In common parlance, a common mistake is when in indirect cases the noun is placed in the genitive case ( about fifty-five rubles). Such control is unacceptable in a literary language!
Numerals thousand, million, billion in all cases they retain control of the dependent noun in the genitive case: a million rubles, about a million rubles.
6. The use of singular or plural forms of a noun depends on the following conditions.
With numerals one two three four the singular form is used ( two days, four apples), with numerals from five onwards, the noun is put in the plural form ( five days).
The numeral one and a half in the nominative and accusative cases governs the singular noun, and in the remaining cases the noun is in the plural form ( an hour and a half - about an hour and a half). The same applies to the numeral one and a half hundred.
- Nominative case: five.
- Genitive case: five.
- Dative: five.
- Accusative: five.
- Instrumental case: five.
- Prepositional (about) five.
Declension of complex cardinal numerals
Complex numerals are numerals that consist of two roots (“eleven”, “fifty”, “”). The declension of these numerals has the following features: numerals ending in “-twenty” have only endings, while those ending in “-ten”, “-hundred” (the latter include “”, “three hundred”, “”) are declined in a series cases both roots. Details:- Nominative case: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
- Genitive case: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred
- Dative case: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
- Accusative: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
- Instrumental case: fifteen; ; seven hundred.
- Prepositional (about) fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
Features of the declension of some numerals
Numerals such as “forty”, “ ” and “hundred” have only two forms of declension: “forty”, “ninety”, “hundred” (i.p., v.p.); "", "ninety", "hundred" (in other cases).Declensions of the collective numerals “both”, “both”, “four” (and others), as well as the words “two”, “three”, “four” look like this:
- Nominative case: both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Genitive case: two; three; four; both; both; four; two; three; four
- Dative case: to both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Accusative: (whom?) both; both; four; two; three; four; (what?) both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Instrumental case: by both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Prepositional (about, about) both; both; four; two; three; four.
Also keep in mind that in compound numerals consisting of several words (for example: “one hundred thirty-one”), all words must be declined.
Name: Declension of numerals.
Numeral- an independent part of speech denoting the number, quantity and order of objects. Answers the questions: How much? Which? Which?
Numerals are divided into three lexico-grammatical categories:
1. Collective (both, two, five)
2. Quantitative (two, five, twenty, fifty, two hundred, three hundred fifty-one)
3. Ordinal (first, second, hundredth).
At the same time, cardinal numerals include definite and indefinite quantitative numerals. The first ones denote a certain number of units (two, four, fifteen, one and a half hundred, two hundred), the second ones - an indefinite number of units; These include the words little, no little, many, little, as well as the pronominal numerals several, how many, how many, some, so much.
Cardinal numbers denote the actual quantity, and collective- quantity as a set: there are four boys in the room, three have dark hair.
Declension of numerals five, six, seven, eight, nine occurs on the model of third declension nouns (night, shadow)
But: instrumental case: eight and eight.
-twenty, such as eleven, twelve, thirty and others are declined as follows:
Numerals ending in -ten, such as fifty, sixty, etc., are declined as follows:
But: instrumental case - eighty And eighty
In complex numerals from fifty to eighty and from two hundred to nine hundred, both parts of the word are declined.
Declension of numerals 40, 90, 100.
Declension of collective numerals both, both
Declension of cardinal numbers
In compound cardinal numerals, all words forming them are declined, and nouns denoting countable objects in all cases, except for the nominative and accusative, agree with the numeral in the case.
For example: a series of manuals with three hundred and sixty-seven drawings.
But: there are three hundred and sixty-seven drawings in the manual (sixty-three drawings).
The word thousand is declined as a feminine noun in -a; the words million and billion are declined like masculine nouns with a consonant as the stem.
Memo:
The numerals forty, ninety and one hundred have only two forms: forty, ninety, hundred (i.p., v.p.) and forty, ninety, hundred (in all other cases). Therefore, it is correct: with ninety rubles, about forty students, with a hundred problems, and NOT *with ninety rubles, about forty students, with a hundred problems.
The numeral one and a half has two forms of the nominative case - one and a half (m.r. and s.r.) and one and a half (f.r.): one and a half liters, one and a half logs, one and a half lives. The form of all indirect cases (except the accusative) is one and a half. That's right: about one and a half days, and NOT *about one and a half days, *one and a half days.
CORRECT: Until what time is the library open? She works until so-and-so, NOT *until what, until so-and-so.
CORRECT: one thousand employees, one million employees, three thousand employees (etc.), one thousand employees, one million employees, three thousand employees, one thousand employees and one thousand employees (etc.).
CORRECT: address twenty-five thousand students, but address twenty-five thousand one hundred students.
Such a part of speech as the numeral often causes difficulties even for native speakers, let alone those who study Russian as a foreign language. Particular problems arise when declension of ordinal numbers denoting three- or four-digit complex numbers: even very educated people who have no problems with spelling and word formation can get confused here. Imagine a phrase like: “We went camping with two thousand three hundred and twenty-eight pairs of socks” - it’s difficult to even say out loud, let alone quickly and competently select the necessary word forms!
Numerals as part of speech
A numeral is an independent part of speech that can play the role of the main or minor member offers. Answers the questions “How much?” “Which?”, and in the case of cognate adjectives such as “eight-story”, “four-stroke” the question is asked “Which?”
May refer to:
- quantity;
- number of items;
- order of objects when counting.
This part of speech is characterized by the category of case: in a sentence it always appears in the form of one of them. The main difficulty in declension of numerals is that there is no single model for the formation of case word forms. You must either know by heart all types of declension (namely, inflections, conjugations of verbs!) and be able to apply them in practice, or decline numerals by case online, which many sites can now help with.
Since there are many types and word forms, many begin to get confused, cannot correctly determine the case ending, use irregular shape case, they try to decline the cardinal number as an ordinal number and vice versa.
General theory of declension of numerals
From the introductory part of the article it is clear that there is no single model for the formation of word forms. If you turn to the 1990 edition of the Russian Grammar, you can find two types of declension of the numeral name: the substantive type of declension (it is similar to the case declension of nouns) and the adjective type of declension (inherent in adjectives).
According to the first (substantive) model, we incline:
Use of the second(adjective) model is used to change:
- The cardinal numbers are one, two, three, four;
- Ordinal numbers;
- Collective (including “both” and “both”) and indefinite cardinal numbers.
Selected declination models
It is necessary to separately consider the formation of word forms of ordinal, quantitative, collective and fractional numerals. In mastering the rules for declension of numerals by case, tables in textbooks can only help to a certain extent, since there are a lot of options for forming case word forms.
Numeral one has three variations of the genus: one, one, one; its declension form is similar to the paradigm of the adjective singular. numbers like “beloved (oh, oh) - beloved (oh, wow).”
Numeral two has the feminine form “two” (the neuter form is equal to the masculine form) and is declined like an adjective in the plural (two blacks - two blacks, etc.), exactly the same principle is used to form case word forms of numerals three and four.
Important! In the accusative case of cardinal numerals from one to four, the ending often depends on the inanimateness or animateness of the object to which the numeral is attached. In the case of animacy, the accusative case is formed according to the genitive case model, in the case of inanimateness - according to the nominative case model. Example: “I see two cups”, but “I see two cats”; “I see the four directions of the world,” but “I see four horsemen.”
Numerals from five to ten, as well as on -twenty And -ten have the same form of declension as nouns such as power, rags (3rd declension of the noun).
Formation of word forms:
- them. and c. p.: six, ten, thirteen, thirty;
- gender, date, sentence p.: six, ten, thirteen, thirty;
- tv.p.; six, ten, thirteen, thirty.
The instrumental case of the word “eight” has the form “eight” and not “eight”, which often causes confusion among foreign students.
Important! For cardinal numerals denoting double figures and ending in -ten, two endings in the word form: in compound word both parts change. Example: sixtyI, sixtyU.
For words with a special form of declension - one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred- only two ending options:
- them. and c. p.: one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred;
- gen., dat., tv., prev. p.: one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred.
Formation of case word forms in numerals two hundred-four hundred, five hundred-nine hundred based on the two-part nature of these words. Conventionally, they can be divided into two parts (three-hundred, five-hundred), and each of these parts is inclined in its own way (three-hundred, three-hundred; five-hundred, five-hundred).
Understand the formation of word paradigms thousand and million is not difficult - it occurs by analogy with the formation of case word forms of nouns of the first (feminine gender in -a) and second ( masculine per consonant) declension respectively.
In complex cardinal numbers Each word changes according to declination. For example: two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven, two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven). Knowing this rule is very important because it will help you cope, for example, with writing amounts on a receipt in words.
Important! The formation of the accusative case of numerals starting from five is not affected by the category of animate/inanimate. Example: I see forty (one hundred) cups, I see forty (one hundred) cats. In the atypical numeral one and a half, the case declension takes into account the gender of the main noun in the phrase: one and a half glasses, BUT one and a half cups.
Declension of fractional numbers
A fractional numeral consists of three conditional parts - the integer part (which for numbers denoting proper fractions is less than one and improper fractions, omitted), numerator and denominator. When changing by case, all parts are declined: eight point nine, eight point nine. The words one and two are used exclusively in the feminine gender both in the integer part and in the numerator: one point two tenths, two point one two.
Ordinal and collective
The formation of case word forms of ordinal numbers (types first, third, eighth) occurs according to the same principle as for adjectives in the plural form (first-first = bold-brave). In this case, do not forget about the category of gender, which also has meaning for words of this type (eighth - eighth - eighth). When forming compound and complex ordinal numbers, only the last word, the last root (one hundred and twenty-second, eightieth).
Formation occurs according to the same adjectival type case endings at collective numerals(two, three, seven - two, three, seven) and in words both And both.
Despite the above set of rules, the declension of this part of speech has been and remains one of the most difficult topics in Russian grammar - even literate native speakers sometimes cannot name some of the forms. It is noteworthy that paradigms differ not only depending on the words, but also depending on the type of speech (written or oral). It is all the more important to always be able to check yourself either in a dictionary or on the Internet.
Declension of numerals is one of the most problematic topics in Russian grammar. Even competent writers and journalists sometimes make mistakes when using this part of speech. A numeral is an independent part of speech that denotes quantity, number or counted community. Numerals answer the questions: “how much” and “which”. Numerals are classified into cardinal (three, two hundred and forty-eight), ordinal (eighth, five hundredth) and collective (five, three). Quantitative ones indicate how many objects are being counted, and ordinal ones indicate their number. Numerals are declined, but gender and number do not change. Declension of numerals is a topic in which it is very easy to make a mistake. And it looks very ugly, so let's figure it out.
Rules for declension of cardinal numbers:
The numeral “one” (1) is declined in exactly the same way as an adjective, coordinating with the main word in case and gender (ip - one, r.p. - one, d.p. - one, v.p. - one, etc. - one and p.p. - about one). With nouns that have only a plural form, the numeral "one" is declined in the plural.
Four (4), two (2) and three (3) have specific forms in the oblique cases: two, three and four, two, three and four, two, three and four and o two, three and four.
Numerals from 5 (five) to 20 (twenty) are declined in the same way as the noun "steppe" (3 declensions). That is, r.p. - five, d.p. - five, v.p. - five, etc. - five and p.p. - about five and, for example, i.p. - thirteen, r.p. - thirteen, d.p. - thirteen, v.p. - thirteen, etc. - thirteen, p.p. about thirteen.
The numerals forty (40), ninety (90) and one hundred (100) have special declension properties. In the nominative and accusative cases, these words have the forms one hundred, forty and ninety, and in the remaining, indirect, cases - one hundred, forty and ninety.
Declension of numerals from fifty to eighty and from two hundred to nine hundred occurs as follows: each part of the word changes its form separately, although they are written together. For example, the numeral “four hundred” will change in order like this: four hundred, four hundred, four hundred, four hundred, about four hundred. These numbers are complex and have two endings. Declension of numerals of quantitative compounds occurs in a similar way - each word changes. For example, 124: one hundred twenty four, one hundred twenty four, one hundred twenty four, one hundred twenty four, o one hundred twenty four.
Declension of ordinal numbers
The declension of ordinal numbers is similar to the declension of adjectives, because their form strongly resembles adjectives.
Declension of collective numerals
Collective numerals, denoting the counted community of someone or something, are formed from cardinal numerals using the suffixes -er- (four) and -oi- (two): (four wolves, two friends). They are used with nouns that denote males, children, or those that only have a plural form. Collective numerals can be declined in the same way as plural adjectives: five, five, five, five, five and about five. In a sentence, the collective numeral together with the noun are one member of the sentence.
Numerals are quantitative (number of objects), ordinal (number when counting) and collective (community of objects).
In complex and composite numerals, each part is declined, and in complex numbers, two endings are obtained.