The pronoun declension is like this. Declension of personal pronouns: forms and rules. Plural pronouns

IN pronoun declension individual discharges are observed big variety types and forms, as well as cases of formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declension of personal pronouns I, you; we you; He(it, she), they.

The oblique case forms of personal pronouns have a different basis than the nominative case form.

Pronouns I, you can denote a person of either male or female gender. Wed: I'm almost happy.- I'm almost happy. You got angry.- You got angry.

Pronouns he, it, she, they, when used with prepositions, they can receive an initial n (from him, to her, in front of them,with him, But: thanks to him, towards her, in spite of them).

2. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative case form; it changes only in indirect cases according to the model of the pronoun You:

3. Possessive pronouns my, yours, ours, yours, yours, index fingers that, this, such, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, definitive samy, myself, all, everyone, other have generic forms and forms plural and are declined according to individual adjective declension patterns.

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns most And myself.

Pronoun all (all, all, everything) has special forms in the instrumental case of the singular masculine and neuter and in all forms of the plural:

4. Questions and relative pronouns Who And What and negative pronouns nobody, nothing formed by declination of forms from other stems:

5. Negative pronouns no one, nothing They do not have nominative case forms, but in oblique cases they are declined according to the given pattern:

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (anyone, anyone-anything), something (anything, anything), some (any, any), someone's (someone's, anyone's) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms.

8. Pronouns such as, someone, something don't bow down.

IN pronoun declension individual discharges there is a wide variety of types and forms, as well as cases of formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declension of personal pronouns I, you; we you; He(it, she), they.

The oblique case forms of personal pronouns have a different basis than the nominative case form.

Pronouns I, you can denote a person of either male or female gender. Wed: I'm almost happy.- I'm almost happy. You got angry.- You got angry.

Pronouns he, it, she, they, when used with prepositions, they can receive an initial n (from him, to her, with them, with him, But: thanks to him, towards her, in spite of them).

2. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative case form; it changes only in indirect cases according to the model of the pronoun You:

3. Possessive pronouns my, yours, ours, yours, yours, index fingers that, this, such, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, definitive most, himself, all, every, different have generic and plural forms and are inflected according to separate adjective declension patterns.

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns most And myself.

Pronoun all (all, all, everything) has special forms in the instrumental case of the singular masculine and neuter and in all forms of the plural:

4. Interrogative and relative pronouns Who And What and negative pronouns nobody, nothing formed by declination of forms from other stems:

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (anyone, anyone), something (anything, anything), some (someone, some), someone's (someone's, anyone's) ) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms.

8. Pronouns such as, someone, something don't bow down.

Adverbs. Classification of adverbs by meaning. Stylistic resources of adverbs.

Adverb– an independent unchangeable part of speech that denotes a sign of an action or a sign of a sign. Answers the questions Where? When? Where? Where? Why? For what? How?

Classes (types) of adverbs by meaning.

There are two categories of adverbs based on meaning – attributive and adverbial.

Adverbs of adverbs.

They serve as indicators of spatial, temporal, causal, target relationships associated with the action.

Examples: far, close, to the left, a long time ago, yesterday, in winter, in the evening, for the first time, rashly, out of spite, involuntarily, on purpose, intentionally, by chance, in mockery

Determinative adverbs.

They characterize the action itself, the sign itself - its quality, quantity, method of execution and are divided into the following categories:

Almost all pronouns in the Russian language are subject to declension. That is, changes in persons, numbers, cases and genders. Only a few pronouns cannot be declined in any way: what, such, someone, something.

There are nine categories of pronouns in total. Personal pronouns are declined. And many other pronouns of other categories are declined, almost all of them.

The pronouns who and what are declined. And only these pronouns are not declined

such as, someone, something. They are not inclined on any grounds.

• 1. Interrogative pronouns: why, when, why, what, how much, where, who, which, whose;
  2. Demonstrative pronouns: that, which, such, this, this;
  3. Relative pronouns: connect the subordinate clause with the main clause (whose, which, what, etc.).

  These three types of pronouns are not inflected.

According to the rules of the Russian language, the following types of pronouns are not declined:

• Demonstrative pronouns (that, this, such, such, this, that) are pronouns indicating an object or its qualities.
• Interrogative pronouns (what, who, which, which, which, which, when, where, why, whose, how many) are pronouns used to express a question about an object, its quality or belonging, quantity, etc.
• Relative pronouns are interrogative pronouns, but they are used not for a question, but in a subordinate clause (in the subordinate clause they act as a main or secondary member).

• If a pronoun is not inflected, then it cannot be changed in a sentence by case, gender, person or number. There are few such words in the Russian language - they are part of interrogative pronouns (why, when, where, who, why, what, how many, whose, what); part of the demonstrative pronouns (here, so, so much) and part of the relative pronouns (whose, what, which).

  In the Russian language, a whole large chapter is devoted to the declension of pronouns.

  

  There are pronouns that cannot be declined in any way and will have to be remembered. First of all, these are interrogative pronouns (for example, when, where, how much, and so on). Secondly, these are relative pronouns (almost the same as interrogative pronouns). And thirdly, these are demonstrative pronouns (for example, here and so much).

  Declension of pronouns.

  To begin with, let’s remember what a pronoun is (in case you forgot):

  Which of them do not bow?

  Don't bow

  1. indefinite pronouns: someone, something.
  2. interrogative - for example, where, to whom, etc..
  3. relative - for example, when, why, why, how many - not in questions, but in complex sentences.
  4. demonstrative - for example, this, here

• Declension is the change of a word according to cases and numbers. Among pronouns, there are not many words that are not declined. The indefinite pronoun SOMEONE has the form only of the nominative case. The indefinite pronoun SOMETHING has the forms of the nominative and accusative case.

  They have forms of gender and number, that is, they are not declined according to cases, the demonstrative pronoun SO, the relative pronoun WHAT and the interrogative pronoun WHAT?

  Already in the third grade, all children in the Russian language lesson are taught about the declension of pronouns, that is, about changes in the forms of pronouns depending on gender, number, person, and case.

  But there are exceptions to this section.

  The following types of pronouns are considered nondeclinable:

  But, unfortunately, most often this detailed description rare to find. Usually there is either no mention of the fact that there are pronouns that are not indeclinable, or a list of four indeclinable pronouns is simply given, namely:

  Thus, when searching for information, you should always remember that it is advisable to collect data from different sources to see the most complete and detailed picture.

  Do not bow:

  1. Interrogative pronouns (where, when, why, why, how much);
  2. Relative pronouns (Same as interrogative pronouns, but not in questions, but when joining subordinate clause to the main point);
  3. Demonstrative pronouns (so many, here);

• The following pronouns will not be declined:

  This can be understood, even on an intuitive level; such words cannot be rejected. So this is a fairly easy section on learning the Russian language that you can quickly master.

Everyone has heard such a word at some point - “pronoun”, but not everyone, however, remembers what it means. Meanwhile, it has been familiar to the average person since school curriculum. In order to speak correctly and beautifully, you need to know not only about the essence of this part of speech, but also about the literary declension of personal pronouns.

What kind of animal is “pronoun”

So, a pronoun is an independent part of speech (this means that it can “live” separately from other parts and does not depend on any word, such as a conjunction or a preposition). Pronouns are needed to replace nouns, adjectives, numerals and adverbs. Let's say, if you need a text about a cat, writing the word “cat” in every sentence is ugly. And if you replace “cat” with the pronoun “she” a couple of times, you’ll get a more digestible text.

Answers questions from the above parts of speech. Standardly, there are nine groups of pronouns in the Russian language, each of which has its own characteristics. Some highlight another, tenth, category - more on that below.

Types of pronouns

So, according to their meaning, there are the following groups of pronouns:

1. Personal pronouns.
2. Reflexive pronoun (represented by the single word “oneself”, indicates the speaker, and therefore has a reflexive meaning).
3. Possessive pronouns (indicate belonging to someone or something).
4. Interrogative pronouns (are interrogative words, used in interrogative sentences).
5. Relative pronouns (used to connect two parts of a sentence).
6. Demonstrative pronouns (indicate characteristics of what is being said).
7. (indicate signs of what is being said).
8. Negative (indicate the absence of characteristics and/or signs of what is being said).
9. (indicate vague signs or uncertainty of the object of speech).

Some scientists believe that there is a tenth species - reciprocal pronouns. They indicate the connection of objects with each other, these are words such as “with each other”, “from end to beginning”, “over and over again” and so on. We should look at personal pronouns in more detail.

Personal pronoun

Words from this category point to an object (a face), but do not name it. These are substitutes for nouns that answer their questions and can also often be used with prepositions. These include nine words: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, you (polite form).

Also, there used to be a form “one”, which meant feminine in plural. This name is now considered obsolete.

Forms of personal pronouns

There are several forms in which personal pronouns are declined. These are numbers (singular and plural), persons (there are three of them), gender (can only be determined for the pronouns he and she, which refer to the third person singular) and cases. The last form is worth talking about more seriously.

Personal pronouns in indirect cases: features

To correctly inflect pronouns, you must first remember what cases are. This different shapes the same words answering specific questions. The most important case is the nominative. This is the initial form of the word, it answers the question “who?” or “what?” All other forms are called indirect.

Declension of personal pronouns by case is not a difficult thing. But it is important to remember a few points. So, they are obtained from a different base, not the one in the initial form (compare with the noun: cat - cat, one and the same; I - me, different bases!). In addition, the letter “n” can be added to (he, she, it, they) in indirect cases, provided that they are used with a preposition. For example: “I see her,” but “I’ll take it from her”; “I’ll give it to him,” but “I’ll sit with him.” One of the cases, prepositional (it is the last one in the list), is generally always used only with a preposition. And he even answers questions with a preposition - “about whom, about what.”

Personal pronouns in the accusative case look exactly the same as in the genitive case. These two forms are generally similar; they even have almost the same questions: “who?” or “what?” in the first case, and “who?” or “what?” - in the second. Between them is the dative case. The remaining one is called instrumental. In it, personal pronouns can have different forms: me-me, her-her, you-you and others. You need to know this so as not to get confused. By the way, the questions he answers: “by whom?”, “with what?”.

How to decline: instructions

So, what is the declension of personal pronouns by case? It is easy to remember if you know what questions a particular case answers (this is indicated above for almost all forms, dative case questions “who? what?"). In addition, each of them has a so-called auxiliary word - it is designed to help quickly find the desired form (in order: there is, no, give, I see, I am satisfied, I think about). Here is just one example from which everything will become clear: I-me-me-me-me-about me.

It is important to note: in the first person singular in the prepositional case, the preposition “about” is replaced by the preposition “about” - not “about me”, but “about me”. This is another property of the Russian language: it’s easier to pronounce.

Declension of personal pronouns in Russian is not a difficult thing. The main thing is to remember the number of cases, what questions they answer and what words “support” them - and then the necessary forms of pronouns seem to be born and jump off your tongue! And a person who knows the norms of the literary Russian language, has a rich vocabulary, makes a more favorable impression than one who does not know how to express himself correctly. It’s not for nothing that they say: “You’re greeted by your clothes, but you’re seen off by your mind”!

The most diverse is the declension of personal pronouns. The declension of the personal pronouns I, you and the reflexive self (which does not have a nominative case form, since it is always an object) is similar to various substantive words. When declension of the pronouns I and we, there is a change in the bases in indirect cases (subpletiveness): I - me, me. In the instrumental case there are two forms: by me and by me. The first one is more common. However, in poetic speech the use of both forms is observed.
Personal pronouns he, she, it, they, interrogative who, what, indefinite someone, something and others, definitive everything in the objective meaning: “For everything, for everything I thank you” (L.), demonstrative then, this is also used in a subject meaning: “That was in early spring” (A.T.). When forming forms of oblique cases, the endings of different declensions of adjectives are used: -ego (cf.: blue), -well (cf.: daddy). Only two forms do not have a correspondence in the declension of adjectives: her - the form of the genitive and accusative cases of the pronoun she; by whom, what, by that, to all - forms of the instrumental case of the pronouns who, what, all, then (adjectives have a different ending, cf.: blue, rich).
The pronouns he, she, it, they form forms of indirect cases from different stems, depending on the prepositional or non-prepositional use of the pronoun. If the pronoun is used without a preposition, then the ending is added to the stem j: j-ee, j-ee; if case form is combined with a preposition, then the ending is added to the base n’: to it.
The possessive pronouns my, yours, yours are inflected like the adjective blue, and the pronouns our, yours are inflected like the adjective elder. In the accusative plural (and for male and in singular) all possessive pronouns have two forms: some to indicate nouns denoting animate objects (mine, yours), others to indicate nouns denoting inanimate objects (mine, yours): He met his relatives. – He saw his books. Double forms are also used for the demonstrative pronouns that and that.
The pronouns which, which are declined like adjectives: which is like old, which is like factory. The pronouns how many, so many are declined according to the model of collective numerals: how many (cf. five), how many (cf. three). The peculiarities of the declension of the pronoun include the fact that in the nominative and accusative cases it, like numerals, controls the case, i.e. requires a certain case after itself, namely the genitive plural, for example: How many windows are there in the house?
The indefinite pronoun someone has only the form of the nominative case; in a sentence it is always the subject or part of the predicate: Someone came; It was a certain Sidorov. The pronoun something has the form only of the nominative and accusative cases: Something important happened; We heard something interesting.
The negative pronouns no one, nothing, like the reflexive self, are used only in the form of indirect cases.

More on topic 6.39. Declension of pronouns:

1. § 7. Grammatical relations of suppletive forms in the declension of pronouns
2. FORMATION OF CASE FORMS FOR NAME DELECTION IN THE COMMON INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE AND THEIR HISTORY IN SEPARATE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES