Word " " has several meanings
Firstly, it denotes pedagogical science
Secondly, there is an opinion that pedagogy is an art, and thus it is equated with practice
Pedagogy is understood as a system of activities that is designed in educational materials, methods, recommendations, guidelines
This ambiguity often leads
to confusion, creates ambiguity
The science of human education gets its name from two Greek words: “ paidos » – « child " And " ago » – « lead ».
If translated literally, it means “ schoolmaster »,
that is, the one who guides the child through life.
It logically follows from this
object of pedagogy – child, person, personality.
Pedagogy is, in a broad sense, the science of human upbringing.
She studies the patterns of successful transfer of social experience of the older generation to the younger.
It exists in order to indicate in practice the easiest ways to achieve pedagogical goals and objectives, ways to implement the laws of education and teaching methods.
An ordered body of knowledge that reveals the essence of the processes of education, training and development and makes it possible to direct their movement in accordance with the goals set
OBJECT OF PEDAGOGY
area of reality that this science explores
a way of seeing an object from the perspective of this science
TASKS OF PEDAGOGY
IDENTIFYING OBJECTIVE REGULARITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
CREATION OF SCIENTIFICALLY BASED TRAINING AND EDUCATION SYSTEMS, NEW METHODS AND EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CONTENT OF EDUCATION AND CORRESPONDING METHODS, FORMS, SYSTEMS OF TRAINING, EDUCATION AND EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
General pedagogy: fundamentals of pedagogy, didactics, theory of education, management of educational systems
Age-related pedagogy: preschool pedagogy, primary school pedagogy, secondary school pedagogy, higher school pedagogy
Special pedagogy: typhlopedagogy, deaf pedagogy, oligophrenic pedagogy, speech therapy
Other areas in pedagogy: museum, engineering, military, sports, music, industrial, penitentiary pedagogy, pedagogy of additional and vocational education
Interdisciplinary pedagogical disciplines: social pedagogy, ethnopedagogy, philosophy of upbringing and education, history of pedagogy, comparative pedagogy, sociology of education
New directions: humanistic pedagogy, pedagogy of non-violence, pedagogy of culture, therapeutic pedagogy, prenatal pedagogy, rehabilitation pedagogy, pedagogy of law, etc.
RELATIONSHIP OF PEDAGOGY
WITH OTHER SCIENCES
, like any science, has
sources
its structure
- Education as a pedagogical phenomenon.
- Personality formation.
- Education.
- Education.
- Self-education.
- Self-education.
- Holistic pedagogical process (HPP).
- Pedagogical interaction.
- Principles and patterns of the CPP.
- Contents, forms, methods and means of the CPP.
- Pedagogical technologies.
STRUCTURE OF PEDAGOGY
- Pedagogical theories
- Pedagogical systems
- Educational technologies
SOURCES OF PEDAGOGY
- Theoretical developments and research by scientists of the present and past.
- Pedagogical practice and experience.
BASIC ISSUES IN PEDAGOGY
Question
Aspect in pedagogy
Why are education and training necessary and what goals and objectives do they solve?
The purpose of education and goal setting in a holistic pedagogical process
Who carries out education and training and for whom?
Subjects of the pedagogical process (subjects of education: individual, family, school, society, state)
What to teach and what values to convey in a holistic pedagogical process?
How to teach?
Methods, means, forms of training and education and general fundamental approaches to their development
Where to teach and educate and what should the pedagogical systems and educational models existing in the country be like?
System, types and forms of education
Who should manage the education system and how?
Management of pedagogical systems and educational models, personnel to perform these tasks
Education as a social phenomenon- the process of transferring socio-historical experience to new generations in order to prepare them for social life and work, carried out by society as a whole and in all spheres of public life and activity.
influence macro factors- country, state, society (level of development of production, social relations, ideology, politics), space, planet, world;
influence mesofactors- ethnicity, regional conditions, type of settlement, mass media;
influence microfactors- family, peers, subculture, educational institutions, religious and other associations.
Education as a pedagogical phenomenon- purposeful and systematic creation of conditions for a person’s mastery of culture, its translation into personal experience through organized long-term interaction with him and the influence on the development of the individual from the surrounding educational institutions, taking into account his potential capabilities in order to stimulate his self-development, independence and the formation of a free personality.
Educational influence is aimed
on specific person or certain group .
Education is carried out through:
- special educational institutions;
- organizations and associations:
- family, school (various types),
- institutions of social protection, support and correction;
- institutions of further education;
- children's and youth associations, clubs and community associations.
Plan. Literature:
Bordovskaya N.V., Rean A.A. Pedagogy:
Textbook For universities. St. Petersburg, 2000.
Vulfov B.Z., Ivanov V.D. Basics
pedagogy. M., 2000.
Gessen S.I. Fundamentals of pedagogy. Introduction
in applied philosophy. M., 1995.
Zhuravlev V.I. Pedagogy in the system of sciences
about a human. M., 1990.
Literature:
PEDAGOGY is an ordered body of knowledge,which reveals the essence
processes of education, training and
development and provides an opportunity
direct their movement in accordance
with the set goals.
Pedagogy got its name from
Greek word "paidagos" ("paid"
- “child”, “gogos” - “I lead”), which
means "child rearing" or
"child science".
PEDAGOGY -
Signs of pedagogy as a scienceSigns of science
Arises from
needs
society.
Signs of pedagogy
In order for society
has progressed, it should
convey social experience
(culture) more and more new
generations. stood out
field of science - pedagogy as
the science of human education
at all age stages
development.
-
Has its own subject
research.
-
Has its own subject: education
human as a special function
society.
-
Has its own
categorical
apparatus.
-
Has its own categorical
apparatus: among the main ones
concepts (categories) include
education, development,
education, training.
Signs of pedagogy as a science
Signs of scienceEvery science has
their research methods.
-
Every science represents
is the result, the totality,
system of reliable and
generalized knowledge about
objective laws
development of nature.
Signs of pedagogy
Along with using
psychological and
sociological methods in
pedagogy are used
such pedagogical methods
research how
pedagogical experiment,
educational tests,
pedagogical observation,
experienced work.
-
Pedagogy is a science in
in the sense that it does
search for the most effective
pedagogical systems,
constructs them, reveals them
dependencies in which
can most effectively
the functioning of these systems. OBJECT OF PEDAGOGY
those phenomena appear
reality that
determine the development
human individual in
process of targeted
activities of the society.
OBJECT OF PEDAGOGY
SUBJECT OF PEDAGOGY– this is education as real
holistic pedagogical process,
purposefully organized in
special social
institutes.
- education as pedagogical
phenomenon; features of the organization
pedagogical interaction
teachers and pupils,
formation and formation
student's personality in
pedagogical process.
SUBJECT OF PEDAGOGY
FUNCTIONS OF PEDAGOGYTheoretical: Technological:
-
-
descriptive or
explanatory;
diagnostic;
prognostic.
-
projective;
transformative;
reflective and
corrective.
FUNCTIONS OF PEDAGOGY
EDUCATION howsocial phenomenon is a relatively independent
system whose function is
training and education of members
societies focused on
mastery of certain knowledge
(primarily scientific), ideological and moral values, skills,
skills, norms of behavior,
the content of which ultimately
determined by socio-economic
and the political system of this
society and the level of its material and technical development.
EDUCATION as a social phenomenon -
UPBRINGINGthe impact of society on the individual (in the broad social
sense);
the process of personality formation, which includes both
purposeful influence from the outside, and
self-education of personality;
specially organized activities of teachers and
pupils for the implementation of educational goals;
the process of organized interaction between teachers and
pupils, resulting in changes
both in the personality of the pupil and the teacher;
targeted development management process
personality.
UPBRINGING -
EDUCATION-
-
- specific way of education,
aimed at personal development
through the organization of assimilation
students of scientific knowledge and
ways of activity;
goal-oriented process
interaction between teacher and students, in
during which
education, upbringing and development;
interaction between the teacher and
trainees.
EDUCATION
Educationtransfer process and result
social experience from
previous generations
subsequent.
Education -
SOCIALIZATION-
-
the process of complete integration of the individual into
social system, during which
its adaptation occurs T.
Parsons, R. Merton;
The process of self-actualization “I am
concepts", self-realization
personality of their creative
abilities, process of overcoming
negative environmental influences that interfere
her self-development and self-affirmation
(A. Maslow, K. Rogers).
SOCIALIZATION
PEDAGOGY is related to otherssciences:
PHILOSOPHY
PSYCHOLOGY
BIOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
ECONOMIC SCIENCE
PEDAGOGY is related to other sciences:
PEDAGOGY STRUCTURE:general pedagogy;
age-related pedagogy;
correctional pedagogy;
private methods;
history of pedagogy and education;
industrial pedagogy;
philosophy of education;
comparative pedagogy;
social pedagogy, etc.
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Slide captions:
GBPOU VO "Buturlinovsky Pedagogical College" Pedagogy in the system of human sciences Vera Pavlovna Kuznetsova
Basic questions Pedagogy as an anthropological science The emergence and development of pedagogical science Branches of pedagogical science The connection of pedagogy with other sciences The general cultural significance of pedagogy. Analysis of educational paradigms in world pedagogical practice Methodological approaches and their significance in social and professional activities Methods and types of pedagogical research
Pedagogy belongs to the anthropological sciences. The object of pedagogy is the reality of life in the state and society, all their spheres, structures, institutions, families and individuals, which influence the education, good manners, training and development of citizens, ensuring their self-realization and self-affirmation in life. The subject of pedagogy is pedagogical. reality in the state and society, their structures, special pedagogical institutions, the work and life of people, each person and existing in the form of patterns, facts, mechanisms of education, upbringing, training and development
Main categories (concepts) of pedagogy Education is a specially organized and purposeful interaction between teachers and students to acquire knowledge, skills, development of students’ abilities and the formation of their worldview. Education (in a broad sense) is the function of human society to transfer accumulated experience (scientific knowledge) to new generations , abilities, skills, labor operations, morality, religion, art). Education (in the narrow sense) is a specially organized and purposeful formation of personality, the professional activity of a teacher. Education is the process and result of the transfer and appropriation by a person of a system of knowledge, skills, experience of creative activity, and relationships. Education varies in level (primary, secondary, higher) and in content (general and special, professional: for example, technical, humanitarian, pedagogical)
Pedagogical science arose in the 17th century. The founder of pedagogy is the great Czech teacher Jan Amos Comenius. He outlined the basic pedagogical principles and principles in the book “The Great Didactics”.
Classics of world pedagogy Socrates (469 - 399 BC) - ancient Greek philosopher, author of heuristic conversation as a teaching method that encourages a person to recognize contradictions and self-knowledge J. A. Komensky (1592 - 1670) - Czech teacher, humanist thinker, founder of pedagogy as a science, creator of the classroom-lesson teaching system J. Locke (1632 - 1704) - English philosopher and teacher, creator of the theory of education of a gentleman J. J. Rousseau (1712 - 1778) - French writer and philosopher, creator of the theory of natural and free education I. G. Pestalozzi (1746 - 1827) - Swiss teacher, creator of the theory of developing elementary primary education and moral education I. F. Herbart (1776 - 1841) - German philosopher, psychologist, teacher, creator of the theory of educational training and multilateral interest as pedagogical purpose
Classics of world pedagogy A. Disterweg (1790 - 1866) - German democratic teacher, creator of the theory of developmental and educational education K. D. Ushinsky (1824 - 1870/71) - Russian teacher, founder of scientific pedagogy in Russia, supporter of the unity of the national and universal in education P. F. Lesgaft (1837 - 1909) - Russian teacher, creator of the system of physical education for children and adults J. Dewey (1859 - 1952) - American philosopher and teacher, founder of pragmatic pedagogy A. S. Makarenko (1888 - 1939) - Soviet teacher and writer, creator of the theory of children's collective V. A. Sukhomlinsky (1918 - 1970) - Soviet teacher, researcher of problems of family, moral and civic education
Pedagogical sources Folk pedagogy Pedagogical experience Scientific and pedagogical literature Educational and educational literature Fiction and memoirs Works of fine art Video and audio sources Pedagogical periodicals, etc.
Main branches of pedagogy General pedagogy studies the general laws of human upbringing, education and training. It has sections: 1) didactics - theory of learning and education; 2) theory of education History of pedagogy studies the development of pedagogical teachings and practices from ancient times to the present day Philosophy of education develops the methodology (main ideas, principles, methods) of pedagogical science Particular methods explore the patterns of teaching and learning specific academic disciplines Comparative pedagogy deals with the analysis of upbringing, education and training in different countries Professional pedagogy studies issues of upbringing, education and training of people of different professions
The main branches of pedagogy Special pedagogy studies the upbringing, education and training of people with developmental disabilities (for example, deaf, blind, mentally retarded) Social pedagogy studies the upbringing of a person in the living environment. Has sections: - family pedagogy; - out-of-school care and education; - re-education of offenders Age-related pedagogy studies the patterns of upbringing, education and training of a person at different ages. Has sections: - preschool pedagogy; - school pedagogy (pedagogy of primary, secondary, higher schools); - androgogy – adult pedagogy
Interdisciplinary connections of pedagogy Philosophy Psychology Physiology History Genetics Cybernetics Sociology Economics Political Science
Educational paradigms in world pedagogical practice knowledge and cultural technocratic and humanistic societal and human-oriented pedocentric and child-centric
The functions of the methodology of pedagogical science are epistemological (cognitive), praxeological (transformative), axiological (evaluative) or the function of criticism, reflexive, normative prescription, heuristic (creative)
The main methodological approaches in pedagogy: systemic, personal, activity-based, polysubjective (dialogical) axiological, cultural, anthropological, ethnopedagogical
Methods of scientific and pedagogical research Theoretical (analysis of literary sources; content analysis; modeling of pedagogical situations, etc.) Empirical (conversation, observation, pedagogical experiment, questioning, modeling, study of school and university documentation, etc.) Mathematical (scaling, registration, ranging)
Types of scientific and pedagogical research Fundamental Experimental Applied Methodological developments
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As soon as education began to emerge as an independent social function, people began to think about generalizing the experience of educational activities. On one of the ancient Egyptian papyri there is a saying: “A boy’s ears are on his back, he listens when he is beaten.” As soon as education began to emerge as an independent social function, people began to think about generalizing the experience of educational activities. On one of the ancient Egyptian papyri there is a saying: “A boy’s ears are on his back, he listens when he is beaten.”
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Socrates is considered the founder of pedagogy in Ancient Greece. Socrates is considered the founder of pedagogy in Ancient Greece. Socrates taught his students to conduct dialogue, polemics, and think logically. Socrates encouraged his student to develop a consistently controversial position and brought him to realize the absurdity of this initial statement, and then pushed his interlocutor onto the right path and led him to conclusions. This method of seeking truth and learning is called “Socratic.” The main thing in the Socrates method is a question-and-answer system of teaching, the essence of which is teaching logical thinking.
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A student of Socrates, the philosopher Plato founded his own school, where he lectured to students. This school was named Plato's Academy (the word "academy" comes from the name of the mythical hero Academ, after whom the area near Athens, where Plato founded his school, was named). A student of Socrates, the philosopher Plato founded his own school, where he lectured to students. This school was named Plato's Academy (the word "academy" comes from the name of the mythical hero Academ, after whom the area near Athens, where Plato founded his school, was named). Plato’s pedagogical theory expressed the idea: delight and knowledge are a single whole, therefore knowledge should bring joy, and the word “school” itself translated from Latin means “leisure”, and leisure is always associated with something pleasant, so it is important to do the cognitive process pleasant and useful in all respects.
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Plato's pedagogical ideas were implemented and developed by his student, the famous philosopher Aristotle, who created his own school, the lyceum (“lyceum”), the so-called peripatetic school (from the Greek word “peripateo” - I walk). Aristotle used to walk with his audience in the Lyceum while lecturing. Plato's pedagogical ideas were implemented and developed by his student, the famous philosopher Aristotle, who created his own school, the lyceum (“lyceum”), the so-called peripatetic school (from the Greek word “peripateo” - I walk). Aristotle used to walk with his audience in the Lyceum while lecturing. Aristotle wrote treatises on philosophy, psychology, physics, biology, ethics, social policy, history, the art of poetry and rhetoric, and pedagogy. At his school, it was primarily about the general culture of man. He contributed a lot to pedagogy: he introduced age periodization, considered education as a means of strengthening the state, believed that schools should be state-owned and all citizens should receive the same education.
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He viewed family and public education as parts of the whole. He formulated the principle of education - the principle of conformity to nature, love of nature. He viewed family and public education as parts of the whole. He formulated the principle of education - the principle of conformity to nature, love of nature. Today, in the 20th century, we advocate for the greening of the entire process of education, we strive to ensure that a sense of nature is instilled in everyone from school years. But Aristotle already had this. Aristotle paid great attention to moral education and believed that “from the habit of swearing in one way or another, a tendency to commit bad deeds develops.” In general, he viewed education as a unity of physical, moral and mental, and, in his opinion, “physical education should precede intellectual education.”
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A different approach to education was formed in Sparta, where the main emphasis was on physical education. A different approach to education was formed in Sparta, where the main emphasis was on physical education. “Spartan” upbringing assumed that all children were raised from the age of 7 outside the parental family, in harsh conditions of survival: physical tests, training battles and battles, physical punishment and the requirement of unquestioning obedience. They taught only basic reading and writing skills, paying virtually no attention to the study of science and art. In training and education, one goal was pursued: to develop unquestioning obedience, endurance and the science of winning.
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The children of secular feudal lords received the so-called knightly education. His program boiled down to mastering the “seven knightly virtues”: the ability to ride a horse, swim, throw a spear, fencing, hunting, play checkers, compose and sing poems in honor of the overlord and the “lady of the heart.” The children of secular feudal lords received the so-called knightly education. His program boiled down to mastering the “seven knightly virtues”: the ability to ride a horse, swim, throw a spear, fencing, hunting, play checkers, compose and sing poems in honor of the overlord and the “lady of the heart.” As we can see, mastery of literacy was not included in the knight’s training system. It is not without reason that in some medieval documents one can read: “A monk so and so signed for an illiterate person due to his knighthood...” In the Middle Ages, even many kings were illiterate. Later, however, life demanded that secular feudal lords also be given a certain general educational training so that they could occupy commanding state and church positions.