The topic of the meeting at the health club for retirees. Interest clubs for older people: plan of work and events. Script for the dramatization “War Doesn’t Have a Woman’s Face”

We invite YOU to the club“It’s great to live!”

Club membership is FREE

With us you can:

• undergo a screening study of the condition of your body;
• improve and preserve your health;
• significantly reduce treatment costs;
• spend your free time with benefit and interest;
• gain new interests and new friends and receive support in any difficult situation.

Club events.

• Health monitoring.
• Lectures and seminars that provide knowledge on how to maintain and restore your health.
• Meetings with specialists.
• Activities within the framework of the Active Longevity System.
• Various club events for organizing active leisure.
• Meetings with interesting people.

To become a member of the Club is:

Reduced treatment costs.

Through prevention, preventive and corrective measures, as well as the use of inexpensive, effective techniques.

Regular health monitoring.

Complete openness of information and the ability to self-control.

Psychological support.

Help in overcoming the age crisis. Improving relationships with loved ones.

Educational programs.

Seminars, lectures, practical classes on various current topics.

Respectful, friendly, family atmosphere.

New friends, a wide circle of friends, new skills, hobbies and interests.

Club events are held on Thursdays at 12.00

Topics of educational lectures.

1. - Causes of age-related diseases and how to manage them.
2. - Causes of pain in the musculoskeletal system: physiological, traumatic, psychosomatic.
3. - Diagnostic methods. What to choose?
4. - How to be treated? Traditional and non-traditional methods.
5. - Danger of self-medication.
6. - How to maintain spinal health?

All methods used to preserve and restore health have the necessary certification and are recommended for use.

Upon request - an additional club program.

The program assumes up to12 various events per month.The cost of the additional program is 1500 rubles. per month.

• Health under control .

Diagnostics, specialist consultations, recommendations.

• In a healthy body healthy mind.

Various types of therapeutic exercises with a specialist.

• Live and learn .

Classes to acquire new skills and knowledge.

• We change the world around us.

Psychological assistance, psycho-emotional correction.

• Live in joy until you are a hundred years old.

Active longevity system. Lectures, classes.

• Art is a source of joy, strength and health .

Creative classes, lectures on art.

Events as part of the additional program are held on Mondays from 12 to 14 hours.

You can attend two events per day.

• Breathing exercises. Classes with a specialist in small groups.
• Diagnosis of health status. Taking indicators. Decoding of the individual diagnostic card. Consulting.
• Psychology. Consultations on maintaining psycho-emotional balance.
• Exercise therapy. Therapeutic and recreational gymnastics.

Live Healthy!

From this article you will learn:

Why do you need a hobby club for an elderly person?

What clubs are there for older people in Russia, and where are they located?

What activities does the club program for seniors consist of?

Where else can an elderly person find friends with similar interests?

According to psychologists and doctors, pensioners who do not communicate with other people are susceptible to depression and mental disorders much more than those who try to live an active life. It is for this reason that clubs for older people were created.

Why do we need an interest club for older people?

An elderly person stops being active professionally, his social circle narrows, and a feeling of physical weakness appears. Such psychological, value, and motivational changes determine a new rhythm of life. However, this feeling of emptiness can be overcome if the pensioner acquires new interests, hobbies, and hobbies. Social clubs for older people make the lives of older people active and fulfilling.

Why do you need a club for older people? To answer this question, consider two main features of the lifestyle of retirees.

The first feature is that an elderly person leads a life unsaturated with events and activities. And minor incidents become something especially important for an elderly person. As a rule, a pensioner prepares for a doctor’s appointment in advance, and this event can occupy his thoughts and time for the whole day. Going shopping also becomes an important event for which you need to prepare. To visit a friend, you also need to gather your thoughts. In other words, the pensioner “stretches out” events. A young man perceives this as an insignificant episode, but an older man views it as something especially important. In addition, the lives of retirees are often filled with worries about one of the spheres of life. Let's consider what types of people stand out, depending on which area of ​​life they pay more attention to.

Family type. A pensioner pays attention to his family and is focused on its well-being.

Lonely guy. An elderly person fills his life with memories of the past.

Creative type. The elderly person is engaged in creativity, which can be realized in the form of fine arts, singing, etc.

Social type. The pensioner is interested exclusively in socio-political affairs.

Political type. An elderly person participates in political life.

Religious type. The aged person devotes himself to the study of the sacred scriptures, etc.

Fading type. The pensioner failed to make his life active and rich. And a club for older people can help him with this.

Sick guy. Such an elderly person is fixated on how his illness is progressing.

Of course, the proposed typology is not complete and can be expanded.

The second feature of older people is that they perceive the passage of time in a unique way. A pensioner often lives with memories of the past, and even more often with fears about the future. In this regard, older people become very careful, thrifty, thrifty.

What advice can you give to a pensioner to make his life more active?

Firstly You shouldn't be alone all the time. Grandparents should not sit in the apartment and withdraw into themselves. Encourage your elderly relative to communicate more with people. Loneliness is not something that the people around us create, it is something that we choose for ourselves.

Secondly, there is no point in being subject to apathy. It is because of this that older people become less active and more anxious. Alas, many lonely pensioners are immersed in a string of their own thoughts. But loneliness and apathy are the most dangerous enemies of an elderly person.

Third, you can’t feel sorry for yourself. If a pensioner constantly feels sorry for himself, then we can recommend that he take care of other people and help those who now need support.

Fourthly, you can't despair. Thinking that “old age has arrived”, “there is only death ahead”, “life will soon end” is unproductive. Such thoughts will cause a feeling of one’s own uselessness, complete despair, and emptiness. Many people believe that old age is socially useful, because pensioners have a wealth of experience, the ability to think broadly, and transform facts and ideas into a series of life rules.

Fifthly, it’s worth trying to start communicating with others. Visiting a club for an elderly person is the best way not to withdraw into yourself.

Of course, facing your old age is not easy. And it’s better to prepare for this in advance.

Where should an older person spend their time? Senior clubs are the best answer to this question. Such establishments appeared in Europe back in the 19th century, and, fortunately, they are becoming increasingly popular in our country. The creation of clubs for older people in Russia helps improve the quality of life of the elderly.

What clubs for older people are there in Russia?

Elderly people stop their professional activities and retire. The circle of friends gradually narrows, and the pensioner finds himself isolated. In order for an elderly person to feel like a full-fledged member of society, he should attend club events for elderly people.

In every city there are organizations, each of which is engaged in one of the areas of work with the elderly. For example, there are councils of labor veterans, war veterans, etc.

The club for older people operates in the following areas:

Social help;

Medical and social support;

Educational work;

Working with war veterans;

Organization of leisure time.

The work of interest clubs for older people is aimed at providing retirees with the opportunity to have a good time, awakening new interests in them, creating conditions for communication, and satisfying cultural and educational needs. The club for older people is engaged in providing certain services to pensioners, assistance, advice, organizing their recreation and entertainment.

In addition, the Senior Citizens' Club caters to the various spiritual needs of seniors.

There are two types of clubs for older people: at the place of work (at a plant, factory, etc.) and at the place of residence. The first type of establishment was created for retirees who are former employees of the enterprise. This club allows people who have known each other for a long time to meet. The establishment creates a special atmosphere that gives retirees the feeling that they are still part of the team. This reduces the stress associated with retirement.

The territorial club for older people is located next to the place where pensioners live. They can regularly attend club classes. Often such a club is organized in a local cultural center. Thanks to this, older people have the opportunity to participate in interesting activities. Clubs in libraries for the elderly, in cafes, and social service centers are also popular.

How does an interest club for older people work?

The effective implementation of club functions is determined by many factors. It depends on how the room is equipped, who manages it, what forms of work are used, etc.

It is advisable that an elderly people's club be created near the place of residence of its members. If the club is located in a building surrounded by territory that is suitable for cultivation, then it should be used for gardening work. Retired gardening enthusiasts will enjoy the opportunity to use their abilities and skills. It is advisable to install benches and tables near the club.

A senior citizens' club is usually limited by the number of its members. Usually the club is not very large, otherwise the atmosphere of comfort and intimacy will be disrupted.

Club members meet quite often. Typically, a seniors' club organizes events once a week, but some establishments allow seniors to see each other much more often. The duration and frequency of meetings of club members depends on the wishes of older people, as well as the availability of the premises.

A good seniors' club makes connections with other community organizations. This is done to ensure that the club does not turn into a place of isolation for pensioners. Elderly people are encouraged to perform social tasks and collaborate with members of other organizations and clubs.

The intervention program plays a vital role in providing quality services to the older population. It must be carefully planned and tailored to the needs of retirees.

The Senior Citizens' Club organizes educational events. Pensioners attend lectures, courses, and classes devoted to various areas of knowledge.

Organizing clubs for older people is a manifestation of concern for older people.

What activities does the club program for seniors consist of?

The club's program for older people involves organizing interest groups:

Art section (painting, drawing, sculpture);

Drama club (theater);

Vocal and musical group (choir, instrumental ensemble). Pensioners take part in ceremonial club events and contribute to the popularization of song traditions.

The Senior Citizens' Club invites pensioners to take part in health excursions, games, entertainment, dancing, and engage in therapeutic and preventive gymnastics.

Pensioners enjoy activities that involve relaxation and entertainment. They love to do crossword puzzles, listen to the radio, read magazines, books, and participate in friendly conversations. And board games are one of the most favorite activities for retirees. Thanks to these types of activities, individuals unite into a team, forget about their loneliness, communicating with each other. If an elderly person’s club organizes public catering, the climate in the team becomes especially favorable.

The Senior Citizens' Club offers pensioners the opportunity to engage in manual work and crafts. We are talking about modeling, carpentry, weaving, metal-plastic, cutting and sewing, knitting, embroidery, photography, gardening, basket weaving, collecting herbs, etc. Pensioners participate in competitions, exhibitions, and sales of their work. And the proceeds go to replenish the club’s budget.

The Senior Citizens' Club organizes special events dedicated to holidays and birthdays of pensioners.

Typically, a senior citizens' club focuses on providing assistance to its members. For this purpose, a social support section is being created, which is engaged in identifying pensioners in need of help. Employees help the elderly, establish guardianship over them if necessary, and provide consultations.

It is important that club employees have the appropriate qualifications, are able to engage in social and educational work, and have knowledge of psychology, sociology and pedagogy. In addition, they must navigate social, medical, and legal issues.

Where else can an elderly person find friends with similar interests other than clubs?

The nursing home offers its residents high-quality medical care and care. In addition, the establishment ensures that the interests of pensioners are met and organizes entertainment events for them.

Nursing home staff do not allow their clients to become bored and discouraged. A variety of leisure activities are held for them, and interest classes are organized. In fact, a nursing home is the same as an elderly person’s club, only the pensioner stays there all the time, and he is not only entertained, but also provided with care and medical care.

Of course, such an establishment cannot do without medical procedures. But the daily routine involves more than just that. Pensioners take walks every day, spend time on the veranda, and play board games in the fresh air.

The living rooms, lounge and dining room are equipped with TVs. Pensioners can watch TV shows, discuss the latest news among themselves, etc.

Of course, pensioners, who are accustomed to working hard in their youth, strive to actively spend their old age, despite the presence of illnesses and problems. For this reason, in a nursing home the following classes are held:

Breathing exercises;

Physiotherapy.

Grandmothers knit, embroider, and do handicrafts. In other words, a nursing home offers retirees quality leisure time, just like a club for an elderly person. Grandfathers play chess, checkers, and dominoes. Guests are given the opportunity to learn computer literacy. In the library, every pensioner can choose a book or magazine to suit their taste.

Holidays in a boarding house for the elderly

So that grandparents do not lose heart, gala evenings are organized for them, where they sing, dance, and communicate with each other. Local groups are invited to the nursing home to perform for the pensioners. In addition, the boarding house organizes amateur concerts, in which not only the institution’s employees participate, but also the pensioners themselves. Friends and relatives of the elderly are invited to such events.

Of course, older people get special pleasure from communicating with their peers. Living in a high-rise building, from which it is difficult for an elderly person to leave due to weakness, he loses the opportunity to fully communicate with others. Unfortunately, grandparents find themselves isolated from society. Fortunately, once at the boarding house, they again find a social circle and the opportunity for heart-to-heart conversations. Elderly people walk, talk, complain about the morals of young people, about the arbitrariness of the government, and get great pleasure from it.

club for seniors

"Good meetings"

1. Rationale

Our planet is subject to “aging”. According to the UN, in 1950 there were 214 million people aged 60 years and older in the world. In 1975, there were 350 million. According to forecasts of the UN demographic department, by 2025 - more than 1,100 million.

Russia's population is also aging. In 1959, there were about 7 million people aged 65 and older in the country. By 1995, their number increased 2.5 times. Currently, about 12% of Russians, or every ninth resident, have crossed the 65-year-old mark. In Moscow, every third person is an elderly person. According to sociological studies, older people are among the poorest segments of the population. Fear of being helpless, anxiety for the fate of relatives and friends, loss of previous social status, financial difficulties, loneliness - these are the main problems of older people. Studies have shown that older people almost constantly live in psycho-emotional stress. They found themselves in their own country, built by their own hands, in deep temporary emigration. Elderly people have lost their socio-cultural “niche”.

One of the main problems in old age is the problem of communication, which can more accurately be formulated as the “problem of loneliness.” Many older people, after retirement, lose their usual social circle associated with their professional activities and withdraw into themselves. The state of maladjustment of people in old age is associated with dissatisfaction of the need for recognition, as a result of which older people experience a feeling of loneliness.

All of the above problems of older citizens make it difficult for them to fully exist, reduce their social contacts, cultural and leisure participation and lead to alienation from society and family.

In this regard, it became necessary and expedient to develop a project for a club for older people “Good Meetings”, which will facilitate the inclusion of older people in social activity, will help them feel in demand in society, realize their uniqueness, significance outside of their professional role, which will contribute the emergence of a need for personal self-realization in new conditions.

PROGRAM

ELDERLY PEOPLE'S CLUB

"GOOD MEETINGS"

2. Goals and objectives of the program

The goal of the program: organizing social and advisory assistance to older citizens, their creative communication based on memories of significant events in life, aimed at their adaptation in society and increasing vital activity.

1. social advisory assistance to older citizens.

2. organization of cultural leisure for pensioners.

3. promoting the positive role of older people in society.

4. assistance in strengthening practical interaction and cooperation between older and younger generations.

5. improvement of the emotional state and self-realization of creative abilities of older people.

6. ensuring coordination of the activities of various organizations to solve the problems of older citizens.

3. Participants: senior citizens – men over 60 years of age and women over 55 years of age.

4. Number of participants: 20-30 people

5. Duration of the program:

The program lasts 12 months.

Club meetings are held once every two months

The program consists of three main blocks:

1. social advisory
2. cultural-cognitive
3. intergenerational cooperation

Social advisory

a) providing legal and psychological advice;

b) informing:

– on changes in pension legislation, provision of benefits, execution of various documents and certificates.

– on carrying out planned medical activities and providing practical advice on disease prevention;

c) meetings with a gerontologist, valeologist, psychotherapist

Cultural and educational

a) conducting reviews of newspapers and magazines, scientific, educational and fiction literature;

b) organizing and holding holidays, excursions, exhibitions, viewings of performances, competitions, round tables;

c) honoring long-livers, married couples who have lived together for 50 years or more.

Collaboration between two generations

a) organizing meetings of schoolchildren with war and labor veterans, with elderly people who have glorified the district or region;

b) attracting secondary school students and students to provide the necessary assistance to the lonely and elderly in housekeeping;

c) holding meetings, conversations, and various events dedicated to significant dates together with secondary schools;

d) social work of pensioners, including patronage of difficult teenagers, participation in the improvement and landscaping of populated areas;

e) introducing schoolchildren to oral folk art, arts and crafts, cooking, and collecting medicinal plants

7. Stages of program implementation:

Stage 1: preparatory – forming a group of older people to implement the project; getting to know the participants; informing about the main stages and activities of joint work; approval of the action plan;

Stage 2: main – implementation of the main program activities

Stage 3: final – analysis of the implementation of program activities, preparation of recommendations by specialists.

8. Program structure:

		Forms of work	Responsible
	Organizational lesson 1. getting to know the club members, electing the club’s activists and chairman. 2. Explanation of the provisions of the law “On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people.” 3. Information on changes in pension legislation Evening dedicated to International Women's Day. 2. Organization of the exhibition “Kind Grandmother’s Hands” 3. Honoring grandmothers with the involvement of schoolchildren Events dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the Second World War 1. Involving secondary school students to provide the necessary assistance to single elderly people in housekeeping. 2. Evening “These days the glory will not be silent” 3. Festive concert 4. Re-enactment “Cricket behind the stove” 1. Organization and holding of a round table 2. Watching the performance Evening dedicated to the International Day of Older Persons 1. Honoring centenarians and married couples who have lived together for 50 years or more. 2. Competition 3. View family albums 4. Dramatization “War does not have a woman’s face” Topic: “Our children and grandchildren” 1. Memories of pensioners about interesting incidents in the lives of their children and grandchildren 2. Performance of “Heroes of the Russian Land” 3. Tea party	2. Informing about changes in the provision of benefits, execution of documents and certificates 3. practical advice 2. Viewing exhibits provided to the exhibition by schoolchildren and elderly people 3. Re-enactment 1. Participation in the improvement and landscaping of the locality 2. Digging up beds 3. Fence repair 4. Conversation between veterans and schoolchildren 5. Laying flowers at the monument of glory. 1. Conversations with specialists 2. Practical advice 1. Stories about the fates of centenarians and married couples 2. Competition 3. Re-enactment 1. Sharing memories 2. dramatization	Pension fund specialist Head dept. urgently social service Head teacher Head of Administration Head dept. social service Head teacher Organizer for extracurricular activities Head dept. urgently social service Gerontologist Psychologist Valeologist Psychotherapist Head dept. urgently social service Head dept. urgently social service Social work specialist Head teacher Head emergency social service departments. Social work specialist

9. Legal framework:

1. Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens”;

2. Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”;

3. Federal target program “Older Generation”;

10. Cost estimate for the program:

11. Expected final results:

The implementation of this program will allow:

Organize leisure and recreation for pensioners;

To carry out adaptation of pensioners and restoration of their role and place in the family;

Provide advisory assistance;

Create conditions for the realization of intellectual, cultural needs and personal potential in old age;

Optimize the living environment of older citizens;

Identify an elderly person as a person who is confident in his abilities.

LESSON No. 1

Organizational lesson

Event plan

1. Meeting the club members.
2. Informing participants about the work of the club.
3. Approval of the club's work plan.
4. Election of members and chairman of the club.
5. Conversations:
6. – legal consultant on the topic: “Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons”;
7. – specialist of the Pension Fund on changes in pension legislation.

1. Conversation with a legal consultant

A) familiarize those present with the Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons”;

B) Explanation of its provisions;

C) Guarantees of observance of the rights of elderly citizens and disabled people in the field of social services;

D) Rights of elderly citizens and disabled people in the field of social services.

1. Conversation with a Pension Fund specialist

A) recalculation of pensions;

B) accrual ratios;

B) compensation.

1. Practical advice consultation

A) to provide benefits

B) preparation of various documents and certificates

LESSON No. 2

Event plan

1. A story about people of interesting fate.
2. Organization of the exhibition “Kind Grandmother’s Hands”
3. Honoring grandmothers with the involvement of schoolchildren.
4. dramatization “War does not have a woman’s face.”

1. A story about people of interesting fate.

Elderly women share their knowledge and experience with children. They talk about their childhood, their grandmothers, how they used to celebrate International Women’s Day.

1. Exhibition "Kind grandmother's hands".

The exhibition features crafts made by schoolchildren and grandmothers, and children's drawings on the theme: “My Grandmother.” Grandmothers share their sewing and knitting skills.

1. Honoring grandmothers with the involvement of schoolchildren.

– festive concert;

- keepsakes made by schoolchildren.

4. Specialists from the Center and club members present the dramatization “War Doesn’t Have a Woman’s Face.”

Script for the dramatization “War Doesn’t Have a Woman’s Face”

Characters: Presenter. Reader, First Woman, Second
woman, third woman, fourth woman, paramedic, librarian, teacher.

Reader: No one gives them flowers on holidays.

And he does not come under his native roof.

For years, loneliness ages them -

Simple-hearted, unnoticed widows.

Framed portraits on the walls

Sons, husbands, acquaintances and relatives.
(A group of women in light dresses comes on stage
wartime styles, scarves draped over shoulders.)

First woman:(looks around at everyone.) Well, women, now we have
On the collective farm there is neither a chairman nor a foreman. So let's think about who we will elect as chairman!

Second woman: Someone! Yes, Nina Egorovna Fominykh!
She always had order on the farm, I think, and on the collective farm too.
there will be a row.

Third woman: And who will we appoint as a foreman?

Fourth woman: I propose Katya Orlova. Don’t look at how young she is, but she has the acumen and is passionate about the common cause. »

First woman: The most important issue has not been resolved - our peak remains without hands. You can't put kids on it. -

Second woman: Don’t be sad, women, tractor driving courses have been opened in the area, so we’ll send our Komsomol members there. The girls are dexterous, intelligent, they studied well at school - and they will quickly overcome this wisdom.

Reader: You won’t remember, you won’t count how much was oversold. The bones ache - you can’t stop it, Everything is remembered by the bones! Should I fence off the garden, should I plow the field, should I lie down, should I chop firewood - All for the woman’s share!

Presenter: Today at our evening there are those on whose shoulders the heavy burden of war has fallen. This... (Names all the labor veterans by name)/ Thank you, our dear women! May calm skies, warm spring sun and good, kind songs make you happy today!

(A group of women comes out again. They sit on the benches,

everyone is busy with something, in their hands there are tags, spinning wheels, someone

sorts through grain. Throughout the episode they sing ditties,

which are interrupted by the statements of the Paramedic,

Librarian, Teacher.)

Ditties:

Why isn't it necessary?

Walk with the little one?

Twenty third of June

He left to fight.

I saw off Yagodinka,

She was holding on to the carriage.

My heart was breaking so much -

Still left.

Paramedic: It’s hard for our women now, oh, it’s hard! Many people are struggling with their backs, and there is no time to get to the first aid station. So I go home by myself. What else can I do?

Ditties:

I saw off my dear

He left to beat the Nazis.

I promised goodbye

One to love him.

Librarian: When I look at the women, I want to cry, they are completely desperate. I'll collect the newspapers for them. I only read good things: our fascist plane was shot down there, a train was derailed there... I see their faces become lighter, their eyes become warmer...

Ditties:

If only there were no swamps,

The berry wouldn't grow

If only I didn’t go to the front.

There would be no need to grieve.

Teacher: Today I went into class and there weren’t many kids. I ask where the others are, and they tell me that their felt boots are pegged. I had to go home and explain the assignment. What else can I do?!

Ditties:

Is the bullet really evil?

Will he kill the little berry?

Bullet left, bullet right.

Bullet, make a flight!

Sincere friend,

A leaf fell from the apple tree

Really, really

Has your darling gone missing?

Paramedic: Today I went to the region and made sure that a new first aid station was built in our village. They tell me how many villages need to be restored, but here we have the rear. And I tell them: what would you do without this rear? In general, they allowed to build.

Ditties:

Can't wait for those moments

When they come from the army,

they will put on white lips,

They will walk through the village.

Librarian: I brought the women an album, and there I collected notes from newspapers, which tell about our collective farm. The women laugh: “We are history now!” This is the weight that I could make them happy with.

Teacher: And my guys took the exam today. Just imagine, not a single failure, not even a few triples. That's all I could do for them.

Reader: In the morning Victory Day was announced.

On the collective farm the chairman announced,

And in the courtyard of the village council

Those who fed the Motherland gathered...

And in the courtyard it is solemn and quiet

Crowded at the unpainted gates

My greatest of the greats.

My most amazing people!

Presenter: Bombs and shells did not explode on our land, there were no terrible fires in villages, and fascist tanks did not trample grain fields with iron tracks. But there was a special war here, and it was also necessary to survive and win. And you survived and won. Thank you! Low bow to us!

(Everyone bows.)

LESSON No. 3

1 part - “labor landing”

Event plan

1. Involving secondary school students to provide the necessary assistance to single elderly people in housekeeping:

– digging up beds;

– repair of fences.

1. Participation in the improvement of the locality.

part 2 - “The glory will not cease these years”

Event plan

1. A story about people of interesting fate.
2. Laying flowers at the monument of glory.
3. Festive concert.
4. Holding a tea party.

1. people of interesting fate.

Meeting of WWII veterans with schoolchildren, they talk about military exploits, fellow soldiers, awards.

1. Laying flowers at the Monument of Glory
2. Festive concert: “Songs of the war years.”

– amateur art activities of high school;

– amateur artistic performance of the House of Culture.

1. Re-enactment “Cricket behind the stove”

Scenario for the dramatization “The Cricket Behind the Stove”

Characters: Father, Mother, Daughter, Son, Grandmother, Cricket.

(The action takes place in a Russian hut. The father is laying felt boots in the corner of the room. The grandmother is dozing on the stove. The daughter and son are sitting at the table, drinking tea. There is a samovar, earthenware and wooden dishes on the table.

My mother is sitting on a bench nearby at a spinning wheel.)

Daughter: Is the tea hot? Filya? Son: Oh, good, Ulya!

Daughter: What, mother didn’t give you any gifts?

Son: She gave me pancakes.

Daughter: Where are they?

Son: I put them under the bench.

Daughter: What an eccentric you are, Filya!

Son: How would you be, Ulya?

Daughter: I would put them in the oven, you would come and eat. So, Phil!

Son: You are cunning, Ulya!

Daughter: What, did my mother give me gifts?

Son: I gave you the sundress.

Daughter: Where is he?

Son: I put it in the oven.

Daughter: What an eccentric you are, Filya!

Son: How would you be, Ulya?

Daughter: I would put it on and go dance.

Mother (spinning): Enough, children, of joking about the stove. It feels so good to be around her, it’s warm in the hut, it’s warm in my soul too. The stove is the heart of the house, until it is folded there is no hut.

Father: And when the stove is not flooded, it means the house is not yet alive, there is no smell of a living spirit in it. And if they flood it, it will be warm in the house, and life will begin to glow in it.

Grandmother: (from the stove.) Yes, there is a Russian stove in the house - wide ^ okay, it takes up half the hut, and it’s not a pity for the people - they are ready to make room, because it will feed and warm, and if we get sick, it will heal, /addresses grandchildren./ Appreciate the warmth of the Russian stove, grandchildren! It is not for nothing that the stoves in our huts have not cooled down since ancient times. A custom came to us from our grandfathers: when a dear daughter gets married, so that her family hearth does not go out, her mother gives her a splinter of fire. I gave your mother the same one and she is now the keeper of the hearth.

Oh, do you hear, our cricket started to chirp, and it wakes me up in the middle of the night. Come on son-in-law, give me a felt boot and I’ll drive away the damned one!

Cricket: Don’t drive me away, old lady, I feel good on the stove too!

Burn, hearth!

Don't put out the fire!

Keep the warmth of your soul, family and home.

Our ancestors lived by this law
And they bequeathed to us through the centuries:

Keep the fire of your home hearth!

Daughter: Leave him grandma, he is a sweet faster, let him live with us!

(addresses his brother.) Get up, brother, let’s sing and have some fun

grandmother and mother and father (singing):

Son: Beautiful maiden, where did you go?

Daughter: I went to the fair and bought you some shoes.

Son: What did you give?

Daughter: I gave a ruble, a rocker - one and a half.

Son: I’ll go out, I’ll go out to dance,

In new shoes,

Weight guys say

That I'm like a picture!

Daughter: I have a rose in my pocket too -

The rose is crumbling,

I have such a character

Like stinging nettles!

Mother, Grandmother, Father and the children stand in a round dance and sing:

We invite you to visit us,

Sing Russian songs,

Let yourself go into a Russian dance with all your heart,

Taste the delicious pies

And drink some tea to your heart's content.

We are all glad to see you!

(They bow and leave.)

LESSON No. 4

Round table “About old age and aging”

Event plan

1. Conversations with specialists: doctor, psychologist, valeologist, psychotherapist.
2. Practical advice
3. Viewing the performance.

1. Conversations with specialists.

1. A gerontologist talks about age-related changes in organs and systems:

– cardiovascular;

– respiratory organs;

- organs of vision..

2. A psychologist talks about the psychological features of aging:

– changes in the intellectual, emotional, moral spheres;

– types of adaptation to old age;

– ability to adapt in men and women;

– a test to determine self-esteem.

1. Valeologist talks about rational nutrition:

– nutritional errors;

– dietary rules;

– separate meals.

1. A psychotherapist talks about euthanasia:

– philosophical aspects of death;

– emotional stages of grief.

1. Practical tips:

– provision of planned medical measures;

– on disease prevention.

1. Individual consultation.

1. Watching the play “Russian Vaudeville”.

LESSON No. 5

International Day of Older Persons

Event plan

1. honoring centenarians and married couples who have lived 50 years or more.
2. Competition for young and old “Fidgets and Homebodies”.
3. Festive concert.

1. honoring centenarians and married couples who have lived 50 years or more:

– older women talk about their journey in life, share their secrets of longevity;

– words of gratitude are addressed to them;

– schoolchildren give gifts, performing a musical number for each;

– married couples share their experience of living together, resolving family conflicts, raising children, demonstrating mutual understanding and mutual assistance;

- they give advice: - do not rush to sharp conclusions, - do not rush to decide, - be far-sighted.

1. Competition for young and old “Fidgets and Homebodies”, including:

1. Warm up. Includes questions:

– when we get old

– what lifestyle do young and old people lead?

– what distinguishes teams from each other

– what young and old can learn from each other

1. Folklore

– proverbs and sayings about ages

1. reenactment of the skit “Give up your seat on the bus”
2. work with the audience:

– a survey of representatives of different generations.

Answers to the questions: “What kind of house did you live in? What was the fashion and what toys did you play with as a child?” helped young people create an image of a bygone era.

Young viewers were asked how they imagine their own old age.

1. The sketch “Orange” reflects the theme of misunderstanding between generations in a family.
2. Summing up the results of the competition.

1. Festive concert.

Amateur performance numbers prepared by students.

LESSON No. 6

Topic: “Our children and grandchildren”

Event plan

1. Reminiscences of pensioners about interesting incidents from the lives of their children and grandchildren
2. Dramatization “Bogatyrs of the Russian Land”

3. Tea party

Dramatization script "Bogatyrs of the Russian Land"

1 child The winds blow in February, the chimneys howl loudly, and a light drift of snow rushes along the ground like a snake.

2 reb. Rising, they rush into the distance,

aircraft flights,

it celebrates February

army of birth.

VED. The Russian land has long been famous for its heroes. Do you know who the heroes are? Bogatyrs are heroes of Russian epics who perform military feats. Russian artist Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov painted the picture “Bogatyrs”. He depicted three epic heroes: Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich (shows a reproduction of the painting). Vasnetsov presented the heroes like this. Look. How they are dressed. Each person has a helmet on their head, and their body is protected by chain mail made of iron rings. Do you know what weapons they have in their hands? (shows a spear, a sword, a club, a bow and arrows in the picture.) But this is what Russian warriors - heroes - looked like and used in ancient times. However, strength, courage and courage were passed down from generation to generation.

At the beginning of 1918, taking advantage of the difficult situation in which our
country, German troops launched an offensive against Soviet Russia. A real
threat to the Russian capital Petrograd. A new army was created - the Red Army. She
fought back the aggressor. The beginning of the widespread formation of detachments and units of the Red Army
appeared on February 23, 1918. This day was declared a holiday - Red Army Day. IN
1946, since the Red Army was renamed the Soviet Army, a holiday
accordingly received the name Soviet Army Day; now this holiday is called
Defender of the Fatherland Day.

Z reb. Today we went out to exercise together, in order,
and with special pleasure
do the exercises.

4 children After all, today is a special day for boys and men - Defender of the Fatherland Day. Every citizen knows.

Z reb. May you have good health

the guys had

after all, this is a boy

future soldier.

6 children To be resilient in training and in battle, to defend your beloved Motherland.

VED. Guys, aren’t there heroes in times of peace? After all, not only military personnel, but also astronauts, sailors, pilots, firefighters and others! People of courage and bravery:
professions have the right to be called heroes. All kids love to dream and play
military, depict pilots, sailors, astronauts. Let's listen. Who would you be
wanted to become when you become adults.

(children come out)

ASTRONAUT All the guys have one dream - they want to become astronauts. Put on a spacesuit, enter the rocket and rush, rush to the star. Find out if there are children on the stars, and if they go to school.

POLICEMAN Brave people serve in the police.

The police love friendly, resourceful people. Even if it’s pouring rain or night, I can always help you.

MINER Trolleys hurry, conveyors hum; Miners boldly descend underground: We go deep for coal. After all, it’s not easy for people to get the sun

SAILOR Submarines and battleships are leaving, leaving for the sea. What do I guys secretly dream about? About becoming a sailor.

ISP. Ditties.

The boys and I lead a healthy lifestyle, even though we are still a little small, we don’t lag behind adults.

2 reb. We will always be healthy

Let's grow strong

if you play sports, -

You will become the strongest! 3 We will give advice to our dear grandparents: you value your most precious health.

About pills and medicines

forget forever

let them become your friends

sun, air and water. 5 Did you like the ditties? We sang them for you! We wish everyone good health

7 children We march bravely, left and right, because all the soldiers were also pre-school children. I wish I could grow up quickly so I can join the army.

ISP. The song “Aty-baty, we are soldiers!”(music by N. Lukonina)

1 child We walk confidently, as if at a parade. We want to be resilient, but not for fun. We want to grow up quickly so that we can join the ranks of soldiers and bear the proud title: “Russian private”!!

Pr-v: Aty-baty, step wider, Hey, keep in alignment! Soon there will be new additions to the army!

2 reb. We are ready to do physical exercise day and night:

catch huge balls and practice running.

We want to grow up quickly, even though we are still young,

And rise to the rank of general in the army!

8 children Russian warrior takes care

peace and glory for my native country.

He is on duty, and our people,

Rightfully proud!

9 children Knowledge Day in the Army today, I
there is no stronger person in the world,
Hello defenders of the people,
Russian army... HELLO!

10 reb. Our boys love to dream: they want to become men as soon as possible. Drive ships, planes, cars. And build houses like big men.

ISP. song “Three Tankers” (music by D. Pokras, music by B. Laskin)

1 Tell me, song friend

how they fight the black horde.

Three tankmen - three merry friends,

The crew of the combat vehicle.

2 Under fire. Burning with holy vengeance,

Their tank was enough for an entire battalion.

And for a feat of valor and honor.

The brave crew was awarded.

3 reb. And more than once the enemy will have a hard time

there. Where they drive their heroic tank.
Three tankers.

Three cheerful friends,
Combat vehicle crew

In this bright good hour!

VED. All boys throughout the country must be brave. So that the borders are guarded, so that people smile, so that there is no war.

ISP. song "Heroic Power"

It is not the menacing sky that frowns, the blades do not sparkle in the steppe,

These are the priests of Ilya Muromets. The disciples came out to fight.

Their winds pray for victory

Thorns and crowns await them,

Good fellows had a blast,

Well done guys had fun.

Pr-v: Eh, yes, you need to live beautifully,

Eh, yes, we need to live separately,

Our heroic strength,

Strength of spirit and willpower.

VED. Infantrymen, pilots, sailors,

artillerymen are dexterous, fast, skillful, seasoned

soldiers. All the guys want to be like them.

And today we will look at the future defenders of our Fatherland.

Let's welcome them! (teams enter).

We are starting our sports program.

Our jury! (welcome).

Each competition will be assessed using a 5-point system.

So, our teams!

Let's get to know them!

1 team - “Yunga”

“The cabin boy will become a captain, just let him grow up.”

Team 2 - “Soldiers”

“Two soldiers from the construction battalion are replacing an excavator”

COMPETITIONS:

I Performing a song.

II "Crossing the Mire"

III "Balloons on a Spoon"

VED.

Summing up the results of 3 competitions.

IV Dance competition (teams dance a gypsy with an exit)

V “Be fast” (be the first to pull the rope from under the chair)

VI “The most accurate” (get the ball into the bucket)

VED. While the counting commission is counting the points, we have a MUSICAL BREAK.

Summing up the results of 6 competitions.

VED. Final competition - captains competition

VII “Mushroom picking” (collect more “mushrooms” blindfolded and prayed for)

Summing up the results of 7 competitions.

VED. The winners of the program were the team........

(prize presentation)

1 child Soldiers serving in the army

The boys imitate them. We'll grow up a little

Let's join the army too!

2 children Because, quite unexpectedly,
people everywhere say:
"The strongest, the fairest,
a peaceful man is a soldier.”

VED. Our program has come to an end. Thank you all for your attention!

Lecture 8 Moral and ethical problems of social work with the elderly population

1. deontology of social work with elderly and elderly people. Criteria for selecting specialists for social work with older people.

2. Ways to overcome psychological and age incompatibility between a social worker and the older population.

3. Psychological training of social work specialists with elderly and elderly people in overcoming the manifestations of gerontophobia and manifestations of ageism.

4. The effectiveness of social work with elderly and elderly people and the ability to overcome it.

5. Deontological approaches to resolving conflicts that arise between social workers and the elderly population, objectivity and subjectivity in conflict resolution.

In demography, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the population is usually depicted in the form of a pyramid, the base of which is newborns and children; then there is a gradual narrowing of the pyramid, taking into account mortality in each age period; its top are people aged 90 years and older. Until now, it has been thought that this group of older people is of little importance to health and social services in population health research.
By the end of the 20th century, the demographic situation had changed radically: the age structure of the population of most countries of the world, including Russia, no longer resembles a pyramid, but a column, characterized by a relatively small number of children, young and mature people and a relatively high number of older people groups. For the social sphere, the main thing is the fact that among old people there is a tendency towards slowly growing painful pathological processes that take a chronic course and are difficult to treat. If we take into account that from the age of 40 to 45 there is already an “accumulation” of diseases, then it is understandable why there are so many very old people who are incapable of even the most basic self-care.
Interestingly, older people with impairments in daily functioning account for approximately 60% of all those who report having any illness; only half of them are able to identify any underlying disease. The vast majority of older people need a wide range of services and assistance provided to them by strangers, be they family members, neighbors, medical, social or charitable organizations. In relation to Russia, the majority of families are unable to take upon themselves all the worries about old and helpless relatives. The entire burden of caring for old people will fall primarily on the shoulders of state social services, as well as health authorities. Problems of social work with old people are currently the focus of many social institutions, social and research programs aimed at ensuring an acceptable standard of living for elderly and old people. Social work with elderly people, in the form in which it has developed in economically developed countries, began to develop in the Russian Federation from the early 90s of the 20th century, when our society was closely faced with the problems of establishing new socio-economic relations. And, nevertheless, Russia has accumulated some experience in social work with low-income and socially disadvantaged categories of elderly and old people.
According to social gerontologists in Western countries, the main task of social work is to connect the individual, family or community with external and internal sources of those resources that are necessary to correct, improve or maintain a certain situation. Social workers are required to be efficient, proactive, and quick-witted in solving the specific needs of each old person.
To solve the priority problems of serving older people, it is necessary to have qualified social workers at all levels.
DEONTOLOGY IN SOCIAL WORK WITH ELDERLY AND OLD PEOPLE

Deontology (a combination of Greek words: deontos - duty, due, proper, logos - science) is a science that studies the ethical principles of behavior in the performance of one's professional duties. Deontology, as a separate field developed since ancient times, has until now been more associated with medicine, constituting its own section.
Social work in its current understanding and interpretation cannot do without deontology. L.V. Topchiy and A.A. Kozlov define deontology as a set of ethical standards of professional behavior for social service workers.
In deontology, they include basic principles, moral precepts that make it possible to provide effective social services to the population, excluding unfavorable factors in social work, aimed at optimizing the system of relationships between various categories of social service personnel and clients, preventing the negative consequences of social services: professional duty, selflessness, professional endurance and self-control, trust between specialists and clients, professional secrecy, etc.
Deontological problems arise especially acutely when communicating with seriously ill old people who have lost the ability to self-care. It is well known that patient and balanced people cope most successfully with caring for the elderly. Of course, moral support is the most valuable, therefore a social worker who does not limit his activities to formal services, and who also manages to become a friendly and attentive interlocutor, assistant and adviser, will turn out to be an ideal comforter for an old person.
Those who are too harsh, domineering, and work mainly for money or for the sake of a career cannot cope with this type of activity. In turn, old people with their life experience very easily understand and perceive falsehood and insincerity in attitude towards them. A hasty person who does not know how to listen and is preoccupied with his own problems will never gain the trust of old people.
A social worker needs to pay special attention to his appearance and the form of communication with old clients. Too fashionable clothes, an abundance of cosmetics and jewelry are not conducive to establishing contacts between old people and social workers.
Old people are especially distrustful of frivolous, superficial people who make promises but do not keep them. Lack of concentration, carelessness, restlessness, and verbosity also cause wariness on the part of the old person towards the social worker and do not contribute to the establishment of trusting contacts, which are necessary for both parties.
When caring for old patients who have lost the ability to self-care, the social worker with all his behavior and actions must support and awaken the desire to maintain maximum mobility for as long as possible and perform at least the most basic self-care actions. In any case, the dignity and sense of independence of older people must be respected.
An old person should become the subject of an individual approach for a social worker. A feeling of respect for an old person, interest in his life path and experience usually increases confidence in the social worker and his authority as a specialist. We must never forget that when talking with an old person, you should try to maintain an expression of interest, sympathy and goodwill on your face. All this will allow you to get acquainted with the old person’s social history, place and living conditions, understand intra-family relationships, their significance for the old person, understand interpersonal relationships between young family members and the old person, and help resolve their internal disagreements and grievances. The role of rehabilitation of elderly and old people in this case should be assessed from both a social and moral point of view. It also provides a significant economic effect, since restoring the ability to self-care frees a large number of medical personnel from caring for sick elderly people, if they are admitted to a hospital, as well as relatives, relieving them of the need to leave their professional activities.

Criteria for selecting specialists for social work with older people.

One of the reasons for the unclear work of a social work specialist, lack of contact with an elderly person and emerging conflict situations is professional unsuitability. A psychologist at the Comprehensive Center for Social Services (CCSP) is engaged in professional selection of personnel. The main functions that determine the status of a social worker and, accordingly, the areas of work of specialists are as follows:

Diagnostic (identification of psychosocial characteristics of the individual);

Organizational;

Prognostic;

Preventive and preventive;

Social and pedagogical;

Organizational and communication;

Security and protective.

Professional qualities and necessary skills of a social worker:

Empathy;

Psychological comfort;

Delicacy;

Tact;

Humanity;

Mercy;

Social intelligence;

Organizational skills;

Interest in the opinions of others and the desire to improve professional knowledge;

Confidentiality;

Honesty and moral purity in business. Empathy.

Empathy means accepting another person for who they are. For a specialist working with older people, it is important to have this quality: it is fundamental in professional selection. Specialists with a low level of empathy constantly strive to change the person under their care and are intolerant of other people’s opinions, which leads to conflicts with the elderly. Another option is possible, when a specialist with a low level of empathy is brought up in the spirit of traditions of respect for the older generation and will not conflict with the elderly, but such a specialist will work “for wear,” and sooner or later a conflict is inevitable.

Psychological comfort. This indicator includes a number of factors necessary for successful work with older people, first of all, formed motivation for professional activity. The profession requires full dedication from a person, and random people in the field of providing social assistance are more often susceptible to “burnout syndrome” (severe emotional experiences associated with professional activities). The need to work, dictated by socio-economic factors, for a specialist with low motivation is a primary risk that damages physical and psychological health, and, in addition, negatively affects the relationship with the elderly person under his charge, who feels an attitude of insincerity and obligation on the part of the specialist, which introduces an imbalance and an inferiority complex into the easily vulnerable emotional sphere of the elderly. This section also includes anxiety. High personal anxiety of a social work specialist makes him overly cautious and incapable of new constructive forms of interaction; often such specialists, even after correctly assessing the situation, are afraid to take the initiative; anxiety is often associated with the fear of older people. The type of higher nervous activity (HNA) and the employee’s temperament also influence the success of professional activity. Impulsive choleric or sanguine people have lower ratings of professional qualities from older people, since one of the indicators of aging is a slowdown in mental functions, and such a characteristic of a specialist as emotional instability or predominant arousal is the reason for the lack of mutual understanding between the elderly and the social service employee. In such cases, when placing personnel, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the employee’s and the elderly person’s GNI, since among the elderly there are also choleric and sanguine people.

The task of the psychologist in this situation, after analyzing all aspects, is to teach a specialist how to effectively interact with a client or to select another specialist to work with this client.

In addition to the type of GNI, it is necessary to take into account the personal physiological qualities of the employee (well-being, activity, mood), which are an indicator of stability and reliability.

Also important are indicators such as humanity, mercy, honesty and the ability to ensure confidentiality. If a specialist does not have the required qualities, the older person’s rights to independence, safety, dignity and belonging are violated.

The next factor is social intelligence, determining the nature and direction of the specialist’s activity. The low level of knowledge in the field of psychology of late life and lack of knowledge of the regulatory framework do not allow the provision of services in full and are the cause of conflicts with the elderly person under their care. This factor also includes organizational skills; It is necessary not only to possess the regulatory framework and a sufficient amount of knowledge, but also to be able to organize work with the client.

Qualities of delicacy and tact a specialist is taken into account in the same way as the level of empathy and level of knowledge. Low communicative control is an indicator of professional unsuitability, as it causes a negative attitude in the perception of the worldview in an elderly person. As a rule, the main means of communication and communication with the outside world for a person of late age or limited capabilities is a social work specialist, and his rudeness or excessive assertiveness can cause severe emotional experiences in the ward, and as a result, illness or severe manifestations of depression are possible.

The proposed battery of tests for diagnosing professional suitability notes all the necessary factors and personal qualities for working with older people and identifies qualities that are indicators of professional unsuitability. Namely:

Negative attitudes in the perception of older people (fear of old people or old age);

Characteristic personality traits;

Low empathy;

High level of anxiety;

Hot temper;

Insufficiently formed charity and morality;

Unfair attitude towards social work;

Low level of professional knowledge in the field of psychology of late life.

A battery of psychodiagnostic tests to identify the professional suitability of a candidate for the position of social work specialist:

REQUIREMENTS FOR PROFESSIONALISM OF SOCIAL WORKERS SERVING ELDERLY AND OLD PEOPLE
Currently, there is a widespread trend: those devoting themselves to caring for and working with older people are becoming younger and younger. From these positions, caring for old people is a meeting of different generations, respect for age on the part of young employees, their tolerance for the principles and established beliefs of the old person, his life attitudes and values.
Caring for old people is a careful and caring observation of others, the ability to enter the world of their experiences while simultaneously perceiving and rechecking one’s own feelings. This is the ability to perceive old people as they are.
Caring for old people is tactful, planned actions, trust and assistance in the processes of adaptation of an old person to changed living conditions.
Caring for the elderly is, finally, accompanying the dying, providing assistance to family members at this difficult moment.
Only by adopting these principles and making them the basis of professionalism can one withstand all the mental and physical stress associated with caring for the elderly.
It is important to understand one more circumstance: in an old person we see his current appearance and practically cannot imagine him as a child, a man or woman in the prime of life, beautiful, strong and self-confident or, on the contrary, soft, generous, looking to the future. Meanwhile, it is important, seeing in front of you an old and sick, and often demented (feeble-minded) person, to recreate his appearance, to remember that he carries within himself childhood and adolescence, youth and maturity.
Often, some aspects of the behavior of old people that cause rejection and surprise in young people, seem unusual or immoral to them, are actually within the cultural norm of the previous generation and do not indicate a deterioration in the person’s mental abilities. When confronted with the negative aspects of old age, there is a danger of gerontophobia developing in young social workers; moreover, they may become imbued with a pronounced phobia of their own future aging.
Research by the Hungarian psychologist N. Hun showed that nurses working in nursing homes and geriatric psychiatric hospitals have the worst ratings and negative opinions about old people. It should be noted that there are practically no special studies of the population’s tolerance towards helpless old people. In nursing homes in Sofia, a condescending and patronizing attitude towards centenarians was revealed on the part of medical workers and service personnel. But a disdainful, let alone insulting attitude towards old people was not found in any case. However, one noteworthy feature was identified. When asked whether they would like to live to be 100 years old, all employees of nursing homes answered negatively; moreover, they all perceived this prospect as a tragedy for themselves and especially for their loved ones.
The most important thing in social work should be the ability to establish contacts with the most uncommunicative old people. Social workers need to master the art of communicating with an old person, since otherwise various interpersonal misunderstandings, misunderstandings, and even open mutual hostility arise.
According to the old people themselves, their requirements for social workers are as follows: first of all, kindness and honesty, selflessness and compassion. The ability to listen is one of the main qualities of a social worker, and conscientiousness, responsibility and self-demandingness should determine his professional status.
Mastering the skills to communicate with older people is not an easy task; In addition to the ability to listen to an old person with an understanding of his needs, it is necessary at the same time to collect objective information about him, analyze and evaluate the situation in which he finds himself, determine what his objective difficulties are and what is the result of subjective experiences. It is important not to let the old person lead the conversation and further contacts.
You should switch the conversation very kindly and respectfully, directing it in the direction that the social worker needs. It is also important to be able to end the conversation with dignity, without offending the old person and convincing him with your behavior that all his problems will be taken into account and, if possible, satisfied. You should never categorically refuse requests or assert that all requests will be fulfilled. The highest indicator of the professionalism of a social worker is the trust of the old person, acceptance of advice; all efforts should be aimed at activating the old person, encouraging him to independently resolve personal problems.
SKILLS AND ABILITIES THAT A SOCIAL WORKER SHOULD HAVE
Psychologists, commissioned by the regional Department of Social Protection, conducted a socio-psychological study in order to improve the activities of the Rostov city center in providing assistance to the elderly and disabled. When asked what qualities a social worker should have, the activity of older people was maximum. They listed 35 qualities and skills, repeating them a total of 446 times. Such interest from clients indicates the importance they attach to the personality of the social worker. The most frequently repeated were 20 “qualities” with varying levels of generalization. All of them can be divided into 3 groups: Personal characteristics: kindness, caring, honesty, responsiveness, friendliness, tolerance, humanity, sociability, compassion, selflessness, balance.

1. Communication skills: attention to others, ability to listen, courtesy, polite attitude towards people.

2. Attitude to work: conscientiousness, diligence, responsibility, demanding of oneself.

3. The following 32 qualities, which were indicated 437 times, are considered unacceptable for social workers of the client. All of them can be divided into 3 conditional groups:
Personal characteristics: nervousness, self-interest, callousness, arrogance, dishonesty, cruelty.
Communication skills: rudeness, disrespect for old people, disgust, anger, impoliteness, insolence.
Attitude to work: indifference to wards, constant haste, irresponsibility, laziness, dishonesty, unwillingness to help, frivolity, lack of concentration, extortion.
Using T. Leary's methodology, the respondents compiled a generalized psychological portrait of a real (serving each of them) and an ideal social worker. In general, clients would like to see more generous, understanding, and compassionate people in social workers. Elderly people, thus, state their need for more attention, selfless help and proactive active care from a social worker.

Ways to overcome psychological and age incompatibility between a social worker and the older population.

Currently, a significant proportion of social service clients are elderly people in need of a variety of help and support. Despite the increased attention of society to the older age group (the development of the draft Concept of state social policy in relation to citizens of the older generation for the period until 2015, the implementation of activities of the federal target program “Older Generation”, etc.), it is still premature to say that an understanding of the value of the older generation has been formed generations. Negative stereotypes of old age continue to dominate. For example, there is a widespread image of old people as useless, in need of constant care, and a burden to society. There is a silence about the contribution of the older age group to the sociocultural development of the country. This attitude leads to deformation of value orientations in both older people and young people. Indicative in this regard are the results of a study conducted by V.N. Putina, indicating the presence of a certain generational conflict. For example, representatives of the older generation are very realistic in assessing the attitude of young people towards them. Distribution of answers to the question: “How do you think modern youth treat you?” - as follows. I think it’s normal (53.6 percent), I think with indifference (26.3 percent), I think with respect (14.7 percent), with disdain (5.2 percent), we are disturbing them (4. 2 percent). The older generation assesses modern youth as: cruel (49.4 percent), arrogant (35.7 percent), assertive (33.6 percent), educated (26.3 percent), depraved (25.2 percent), purposeful ( 22.1 percent), decent (4.2 percent).

Thus, an important problem is identified: the need to find adequate forms of interaction between representatives of different generations.

In this regard, it should be noted that R. In the practice of functioning of social services, there is an employee’s demonstration of his superiority over the client, the desire to part with him as quickly as possible (without taking into account the specific situation), preference given by a specialist to any other job function other than professional communication with the client, etc. It is important that the specialist can consciously abandon stereotypes that negatively affect the process of interaction between the client and the social service. It can be assumed that a negative or incomplete set of stereotypes plays the role of a kind of psychological defense in the work of specialists and is typical for employees who do not have sufficient professional skills. At the same time, it should be noted that the described patterns of behavior are acceptable only if specialists are aware of the situation and are trying to change it. For example, the emotional instability of a social worker, which makes it difficult to interact with a client, can be compensated by the specialist’s high level of control over his own actions, speech, desire to improve professional knowledge, skills, and more.

Analysis of scientific sources and practical experience show that there are different groups of older people. For example, according to one of the classifications, the following types are distinguished: family, creative, political, religious, “sick” and others. The existing typologies are based on various characteristics: the level of vital activity of older people, their behavior strategies, attitude towards the world around them, and the like. Of course

existing typologies are very conditional. However, having special knowledge about a particular group allows a specialist to choose an individual approach to the client, apply the most appropriate behavioral strategy, as well as the appropriate communication technique.

A favorable prerequisite for the ethical side of a specialist’s activity is that he has a positive assessment of both himself and the service whose interests he represents. This sign indicates that quite often older people, when contacting one or another social service, cannot identify and formulate a problem, or their desires and requests diverge from the capabilities of the service. In such situations, a positive-minded specialist tries to professionally understand and accept the client, without infringing on his dignity, to find ways and means to resolve the problem that has arisen, which in turn optimizes the interaction of the parties and, accordingly, increases the authority and significance of the service as a whole.

Based on the materials of studies conducted on the basis of social services in the Ivanovo region (1999-2002), we can conclude that the composition of stereotypes of perception of a specialist in the social protection department, a visiting social worker, and a pension service employee is different. For example, such qualities of a specialist’s personality as professionalism, fairness and humanity were highly appreciated by visitors to departments of social protection of the population. These qualities dominate in the perception of clients and form the “core stereotype” of a social protection department specialist. Along with these qualities, clients included competence, efficiency, tactfulness, culture, discipline, and balance in the stereotype of a specialist. As we see, the business and organizational qualities of the individual come to the fore, allowing the social worker to provide effective assistance to clients, as well as show empathy for them (humanity, justice). It is no coincidence that the qualities of a specialist that help ensure a positive background of interaction with the client (culture, tactfulness) are in the background.

The activity of a social work specialist is a process that includes a set of moral principles. The client’s need for communication that is more complex than simple communication determines the growth of special requirements for a social service employee. For example, we are talking about the mandatory availability of professional special training for a social worker. A social protection specialist, according to clients, must not only be able to communicate, but also be friendly and fair, since the ability to properly organize one’s activities with a high-quality result is possible only against the backdrop of positive emotions.

Noteworthy is the inclusion in the stereotype of such a specialist quality as balance. Due to a number of age-related characteristics (deterioration of vision, hearing, etc.), older people pay special attention to the appearance, gestures, and speech of the social worker. For example, based on a specialist’s gestures, in a number of cases the client makes a conclusion about his attitude to some event, person, or object. Gestures perform an informative function and are determined by the emotional state of the individual.

The study established the positive influence of speech on the effectiveness of the social-perceptual process. In this case, its informational and regulatory functions play a special role. It was revealed that the intonation of speech is a determining characteristic of the specialist’s mood when the client assesses the significance of the problem under discussion. Using appropriate intonation prevents the emergence of psychological barriers in interpersonal perception and conflict situations.

As we can see, the range of requirements placed on a social worker by clients is quite wide. But there are certain differences between what should be and what is, which should be understood and taken into account, first of all, because social work in our country does not yet have high status and prestige.

One cannot help but pay attention to such an aspect of interaction as conflict resolution. The study identified the main causes of conflicts between social workers and clients, and the hierarchy of causes of conflicts from the point of view of clients and social service specialists is different. Among the main reasons, clients of the social protection department include the unfriendly attitude of the specialist towards the client, the inability to solve the client’s problem, and the conditions for organizing the work of the social service.

The highest ranking place, as it turned out, is occupied by an unfriendly attitude towards the client. In this regard, the issue of correlating the activities of a professional social worker with ethical standards becomes particularly acute.

According to respondents - specialists from social protection departments, the hierarchy of conflicts is as follows: impossibility of meeting client requirements; socio-psychological characteristics of the client; imperfect legislation on social issues; features of the socio-psychological state of a specialist.

The study of the substantive characteristics of the causes of conflicts suggests that there is a direct and indirect connection between them, which causes the transformation of a business conflict into an interpersonal one. Thus, the imperfection of the legislative framework and its frequent reforms, the deterioration of the financial situation of the main part of the older age group lead to an increase in citizens’ calls to social services, which creates additional difficulties both for the clients themselves and for social workers. The procedure and conditions for receiving citizens change slightly. It is no coincidence that among the problems in organizing the work of social services, respondents note “crowded and unsuitable premises,” that is, they indicate the lack of conditions for optimal service for older people. Of course, such a situation increases the psychological stress experienced by both social workers and clients, which leads to conflicts of various types.

The study revealed that the vast majority of specialists in a work situation are in a state of stress from time to time. An analysis of the method of getting out of stressful situations preferred by social workers showed that they pay little attention to the issues of mental hygiene of their own health, rather illiterately choose and prioritize such methods of resolving the mental state as the use of medications or alcohol. The problem is complex, diverse and, in our opinion, requires further serious study.

Problems of interaction between generations

At all times, social development and the dynamism of social processes have given rise to differences in the values ​​and assessments of representatives of different generations. This should be seen as a natural process of changing people’s living conditions and the accompanying natural process of changing value systems. However, over the past fifteen years, Russia has experienced so many reforms (economic, social, informational, historical, values, etc.) that a generation gap seems inevitable.

A study of intergenerational relationships was conducted by our department commissioned by the Russian Ministry of Labor in 2002. The sample size was 725 people of the older generation and 250 people under the age of 30, belonging to different social strata. At the same time, older people were asked questions to identify changes in their life priorities about them attitude towards this or that phenomenon in youth and in the present time.

The first stage of the study was the analysis of the value orientations of different generations.

He showed that, firstly, there is a shift in value priorities among people of the older generation: in comparison with their choice in youth, values ​​such as health, life itself and material well-being are currently taking the first rank places and acquiring the greatest significance; The value of family remains at the same level of importance and the respect of others is valued almost twice as much. All this is quite understandable, since it is natural for a person to want a decent, prosperous life in old age.

Secondly, due to the fact that the average age in the youth sample was 19.9 years and that today’s youth are more liberated, not blinkered by the framework of ideological education, which previously unconditionally recognized the superiority of public values ​​over individual ones, young people give a much higher degree of preference values ​​such as love, family, health, material well-being than older people did when they were young. It should also be noted that among young people the value of personal career has increased 5.1 times, power by 4 times, religion by 2.4 times and education by 2 times, which can also be recognized as individual values.

Thirdly, we need to focus on the “five” predominant values ​​of both generations.

	generation	The youth
Choice in youth	Choice now
	1. Health - 91.0%	1. Love - 71.6%
2. Life itself - 48.9%	2. Life itself - 60.6%	2. Family - 71.6%
3. Health - 38.6%	3. Material well-being - 57.7%	3. Health -62.2 %
4. Love - 29.6%	4. Family - 55.3%	4. Friendship -
5. Respect for others -	5. Respect for others - 50.0%	5. Material-! nose well-! chie - 46.8 %

It should be recognized that today’s priorities in the values ​​of the older generation are more likely to converge than to diverge from the values ​​of young people, which means that it is inappropriate to talk about a value conflict between generations. In addition, the value system of the older generation has undergone changes in the direction of moving away from collective to individual values. The older generation for the most part has little influence on the formation of the values ​​of young people, since, having changed the value system, they, brought up in communist ideology, do not fit into market relations and cannot truly perceive, and therefore clearly transmit to subsequent generations, the values ​​of the new time, such as democracy, personal freedom, etc. In this regard, it is more appropriate to speak of a “lost generation” (in a certain sense) in relation to older people than to young people.

An analysis of the relationships between generations was also carried out using comparative material. The distribution of answers to the question about attitudes towards older people turned out to be extremely revealing in this regard.

Comparison of attitudes of different generations towards older people, in %% (N- 975 people)

Consequently, we can say that more than three quarters of the young people surveyed belong to the older generation. 1 . iov )O Indifference, disregard for older people and the irritation they cause have increased many times over, that is, manifestations of ageism are evident in almost 20 % young respondents. True, elements of some negative attitude towards the elderly when they were young were also noted by the older generation.

During the survey, we asked young people two control questions: “Quite often in transport, a situation arises when older people stand and young people sit. How do you personally behave in this situation?” and “When older people are somehow offended or insulted in your presence, what are your actions?” The answers to them clarify the situation somewhat.

The behavior of young people practically corresponds to their attitude towards the older generation. 70.6% of boys and girls give up their seat in transport to older people; as a rule, girls do this more often. About 21%, with or without remorse, continue to sit. 21.4% of schoolchildren “struggle” with remorse, 3.6 % - have already overcome them. Particularly representative in this regard is a group of workers, consisting mainly of men: 50% experience some inconvenience, but sit and do not consider it necessary to give up their place. 10.7% of entrepreneurs who use public transport also consider their own convenience as their right.

When elders are insulted in the presence of young people, only 13.4% of respondents stand up for them. True, there are situations when older people themselves provoke confrontation with their incorrect statements or actions, so most young people chose the option “I behave according to the circumstances,” although it can also be a convenient form of avoiding an answer. In this situation, more often than others, the group of entrepreneurs is characterized positively (28.6 % some of them intervene with words of protection for the elderly). And again, a group of workers stands out for their negativism: 12.5% ​​of them mentally support the offender, 12.5% ​​support verbally.

All this leads to the idea not of confrontation between generations, but of the costs of education. Neither at home nor at school were they taught to the young man how a man should behave, and the older generation itself is to blame for this. The cult of strength and rudeness, implanted by Western and now domestic cinema on an exorbitant scale, the immeasurable vulgarity and permissiveness presented in such television programs as “Windows” with Nagiyev, distort young people’s ideas about morality, morality, loyalty to others and lead to appropriate behavior.

In turn, the older generation assesses today’s youth as: small - 20.4 %, depraved - 16.1%, assertive - 15.3%, purposeful - 14.6%, cruel - 11.6%, educated - 10.3%, decent - 3.7%.

The presented distribution indicates the predominance of negative assessments, but in comparison with socio-demographic characteristics they change somewhat. Thus, in the category of people 55-60 years old, all negative ratings are significantly lower than in other groups, and positive qualities - determination, education, decency (and assertiveness can be included here) - are generally rated higher. At the same time, in the oldest age categories (76-80 years or more), high assessments of negative qualities predominate. Residents of the city of Ivanovo are also more loyal in their assessment of youth than residents of other settlements. This indicates that older people of the “younger” age group, as well as those living in a large city, quickly adapt to the new norms brought by young people, to the youth subculture. And all negativism towards young people is a reflection of the natural process of generational change.

In our study, we did not limit ourselves to studying only the relationships between older people and young people. Pensioners were asked about the attitude of the people around them (in transport, shops, on the street, etc.) towards them. It must be said that the answers do not go too far from those that were expressed regarding the attitude of young people towards them: quite respectful - 16.9%, we often hear that we are “sitting on the necks” of workers - 5.6%, for the most part disrespectful - 12.7%, most often indifferent - 25.4%, it varies - 36.2 %. When individualism is the reality of our existence, not only young people, but also people of the middle generation are prone to the manifestation of ageism, that is, a negative attitude towards a person because of his age. Therefore, it is necessary today to specifically educate and remind people that society is judged by how it treats the elderly, children and the disabled. The media can play a significant role in this. Unfortunately, media materials mainly talk about the difficult everyday life of pensioners - 47.6% and about the poor health of older people - 14.8%, thereby strengthening the existing image of an elderly person as inevitably sick and frail. Only 8.2% of pensioners have come across materials about the active life of older people and 11.4% - about interesting older people, and they would like to learn more about other various problems in the life of older people - 55.3%, about creative opportunities elderly people - 12.4%; read materials encouraging pensioners to be active - 16.1%. The media should form a positive image of old age by informing the population not only about the needs and requirements of the older generation, but also about the high potential of older people.

Thus, the study showed:

Today, the attitude towards the older generation shows us that young people are quite tolerant. However, in its midst, compared with the previous generation, the tendencies of intolerance towards old people, manifested in behavioral acts, have intensified;

The apparent confrontation between generations is due, in our opinion, to the gap in both generations of the socialization process, since the dynamics of social processes turn out to be significantly higher than the speed of social-adaptive activity. The older generation turns out to be insufficiently mobile and unable to offer ready-made models of activity to young people, and, therefore, remains unclaimed and has not completed the path of socialization. Young people, having rejected old models, have, as it were, “jumped” this stage of socialization and consider themselves to be moving away from old values, from their “fathers,” which is manifested in a certain mutual negativism of generations;

The need for specialized educational influence that prevents conflict situations and offers new value-semantic and activity niches for interaction between generations becomes obvious. The media can play a significant role in this.

SOCIAL WORKER AND ELDERLY CLIENT: PROBLEM FIELD OF CONFLICTS.

Modern society is increasingly called aging. Russia is no exception in this sense. Thus, according to forecasts of the Russian Ministry of Labor, by 2016 the age structure of the population of the Russian Federation will change significantly. The number of people beyond working age will be almost twice as large as the number entering working age.

The steady trend of growth in the number of people over working age gives rise to many social problems and necessitates taking measures to aimed at strengthening the social protection of older citizens. The situation is aggravated by the negative processes that occur in society in the process of implementing socio-economic reforms.

Analysis of the quality of life of older people allows us to identify the most typical problems of this category of Russian citizens.

Firstly, the formation of a new model of development of the Russian state, based on a market economic mechanism, is accompanied by an increase in social risk for all segments of the population in general, and for older people in particular. The previously established system of social guarantees is being disrupted. The situation is aggravated by the conditions of the crisis development of the country's economy, when there is a reduction in resources for social development while the need for them on the part of society increases. This process is accompanied by a decline in the living standards of a significant part of the population and, first of all, older Russians.

Secondly, the gap between the material capabilities of older people and the sharply increased prices for basic necessities and vital food products has widened. Rising prices for utilities also have an extremely adverse effect on the standard of living of older people. Many food products, industrial goods and household services are out of reach for older Russians, since the level of pension provision does not correspond to people’s vital needs, and the size of the pension itself is often below the subsistence level.

Third, the gap between the estimated cost of living and the real cost of living has widened for millions of low-income Russian pensioners. Over many years of their material limitations, these people became so impoverished that they found themselves practically deprived of necessary household items. They are limited in consuming cultural goods and maintaining social and friendly contacts.

Fourthly, many social connections of older people have been disrupted. The inability to maintain the usual way of life associated with receiving guests, the refusal of invitations due to a lack of free funds to buy even a modest gift, the lack of decent wearable things force many older citizens to break off their previous friendly ties, making their lives gloomy, poor in events and entertainment. All this contributes to the seclusion of older people within the walls of their home and limits their contacts with the outside world.

Fifthly, the economic and social status of older people since the early 90s. turned out to be extremely low. The ongoing economic reforms not only devalued the population’s deposits and devalued the cash savings of Russians who were saving money “for old age.” The breakdown and liquidation of the socialist system, under which older people lived and worked, devalued their lives. Most elderly Russians find themselves in a situation of social outcasts. The change in the priority values ​​of public consciousness entailed the devaluation of traditional values ​​in which the consciousness of an elderly person was formed. If in the Soviet period older people could count on honor and respect as “defenders of the Fatherland” who saved the country from fascism, as “builders of a bright future”, today these merits are often forgotten. Elderly people develop a feeling of confusion, a feeling of their own uselessness and a life lived in vain.

All these processes taking place in Russian society since the beginning of the 90s have given rise to a situation in which the problem of conflict has become the dominant cell of social relations. Conflict is present in both obvious and hidden, latent forms. It can be traced both in ideas about the expected prospects for the country's development and in everyday life. In modern Russia, conflicts that previously existed latently have come to light. New conflicts have arisen due to the fact that a certain part of older people do not find a place for themselves in the newly created social space.

The problem of conflictual relationships between social service workers and their elderly clients is becoming increasingly acute.

In this regard, the study of the problem field of conflicts with elderly clients of social services, which was organized at the Department of Theory and Technology of Social Work of Samara State University, is of undoubted scientific interest. The study was conducted in March-April 2003 and covered a little-studied area of ​​daily activities of primary care social service workers. It should be noted that the specifics of the research object made it difficult to study the problem field of conflicts between an elderly client and social service workers. Under these conditions, direct research methods, in particular interviewing social workers interacting with older clients, were difficult. This is explained by the understandable desire of a particular performer to hide the most acute conflicts that arise during the work process, or to present them in the most favorable form for themselves. In this regard, narrative interviewing was chosen as the basic research method.

The research was carried out in two directions. The source material for the analysis was a survey of social workers who have conflicts with elderly clients in their practice. For a more objective assessment of the problem field of conflicts, the study participants conducted a narrative interview with the other side of the conflict - elderly clients of the social service. This survey was of a control nature. The collected material was grouped into blocks depending on factors influencing the frequency of conflicts with elderly clients of social services. The results of the study were as follows.

Social workers noted the low social status of their profession as one of the leading factors causing conflict situations.

Speaking about the social significance of their work, the informants expressed regret about the duality of their social status. On the one hand, social work is important for society, as it solves necessary and important problems. On the other hand, the population is little informed about it and about the social mission of social workers themselves. The low social status of the profession gives rise to a corresponding attitude towards the social worker on the part of his elderly clients. Often, when communicating with a social worker, they allow themselves a mentoring tone and disrespect

- “It offends me when they talk to me in such a tone. I’m not their servant. She, you know, is used to screaming...” (Lyudmila I., 43 years old).

The results of a control interview with elderly clients confirm this opinion of social workers. Almost all interviewed clients who have ever had conflict situations with a social worker have formed a negative attitude towards the profession of a social worker or towards the social service itself. This low social status of the social service profession contributed to the critical assessment of activities in this area by older clients.

As another reason for the emergence of conflicts with elderly clients, social workers identified the presence of a planned prank, when social workers’ time of communication with a client is limited and regulated by service standards. And older people themselves have a pronounced need for public attention, for longer communication:

- “Elderly people at this age like to go into memories, but they have no one to be with. And I also can’t sit with them for two hours” (Svetlana V., 35 years old).

- “In general, all of them lack attention. Those who have no one at all, and those who have relatives, they run to them, bring some gifts and leave. They always have no time to talk to them, they are all running, running” Lyudmila I., 43 years).

The correlation between the reasons for dissatisfaction with the activities of a social worker and the time of communication was confirmed by the results of a survey of elderly clients themselves. It turned out that elderly clients of social services are dissatisfied with social workers, their manners, formal attitude towards clients and the quality of service:

- “Social workers are merciful people, but she works without a soul, her attitude towards us is official, she won’t stay, she won’t talk...” (Anna Vladimirovna, 88 years old).

- “It is desirable that people with a clear conscience, a good heart and good intentions, who are able to listen and sympathize, come to social workers” (Lidiya Sergeevna, 75 years old).

The third reason for conflicts between elderly clients and social workers is the client’s previously held position and his previous social status.

During the narrative interview with social workers, it was noted that “the higher the education, the more dissatisfaction, the more requests and the worse the attitude towards the social worker” (Svetlana V., 35 years old).

- “Among those social workers who serve elite areas, conflicts are more common, people are more capricious and ungrateful” (Tatyana G., 33 years old).

- “Those older people who previously held positions in the

judges, bosses, officials, in general" (Lyudmila I., 43 years old).

In such situations, the social worker acquires the meaning of a certain “compensator” of his own social significance for the elderly client of the social service. This expressed need to feel one’s own importance, according to E. Bern, is one of the highest priorities among the life values ​​of older people, when other life incentives (material values, sex, creativity, raising children) lose their relevance.

This paradoxical situation is described by the majority of social workers surveyed. As it turned out during the study, the higher the previous social status of the elderly client and the level of his intellectual development, the more difficult the relationship with the social worker is built. This suggests that the internal motives of the “conflict” are not fully understood by the “suffering” party, that is, by the social worker himself. The social worker fixates only on the external superficial requirements of the client and either strives to satisfy them as much as possible, often spending his physical and mental energy extremely unproductively, or even begins to ignore the client as an individual, switching to a formal mechanistic approach to performing his duties. In both cases, this indicates a lack of professionalism and a lack of skill in determining the “axial” motive, on which endless quibbles, complaints and whims are strung. The situation is significantly aggravated by the fact that the elderly client himself is almost never aware of his subconscious motives.

During the narrative interview, it was noted that most often good relationships and mutual understanding develop between the social worker and “ordinary” people:

- “And I also have good women who worked at the plant. They are very simple. They treat me with respect and gratitude. They perceive my work as a blessing, they believe that I know a lot, I can advise them on all issues. It seems like they have no education, but their attitude towards me is decent and good” (Lyudmila I., 43 years old).

- “Well, actually, I service houses in a working-class neighborhood, so there are few dissatisfied people...” (Svetlana V., 35 years old).

In this case, social workers satisfy the specific “everyday” needs of elderly clients and the effectiveness of their work is directly related to the degree of thoroughness in carrying out one-time assignments.

The personal characteristics of the elderly client, various accentuations of his character, psychopathological changes, and organic disorders of the nervous system are of significant and sometimes decisive importance when conflict situations arise.

Thus, the majority of informants from social workers believe that conflicts arise “... due to the bad character of some elderly clients, their poor memory, insanity, greed, and mistrust of the social worker.”

The results of a study of the problem field of conflicts between social service workers and their elderly clients showed that social workers in general do not know how to resolve conflicts. They act intuitively, relying on their life experience, without thinking about the essence of the conflict problem. Many informants found it difficult to say anything about how they behave in a conflict situation, how they get out of the conflict. One gets the impression that until the last moment they did not think about this side of their activities. did not attach importance to the problem of conflicts with clients.

There is a need to form a certain attitude of the social worker towards conflict as a natural and normal method in achieving the goal. The professionalism of a social worker lies in the ability and skill to take a conflict beyond personal experiences into an exclusively business plane. There is an urgent need to train social workers to effectively behave in conflict situations with elderly clients. In this regard, knowledge and conscious use of constructive strategies for interaction between a social worker and an elderly client presupposes mastery of conflict resolution techniques, including technology for collecting information, technology for finding a joint solution, technology

involving an elderly client in an active negotiation process, reconciliation technology. Unfortunately, mechanisms for resolving conflict situations in the field of social work have not yet been formed in society. The focus on “conflict-free” development of society made the issue of conflicts with clients of social services unpromising for analysis. Most social services lack trained specialists who know how to resolve conflicts with clients, and the incompetent efforts of social service workers to overcome conflicts with older people only worsen the situation.

Psychological training of social work specialists with elderly and elderly people in overcoming manifestations of gerontophobia and manifestations of ageism.

The most important thing in the work of any organization is the quality and efficiency of its personnel, and work in the social sphere requires not only high professionalism of social service employees, but also a combination of certain personal qualities, which are an important factor in meeting the needs of the client.

The opinions of domestic and foreign psychologists agree that the leading personal qualities of a social worker are high intelligence, stability of the emotional-volitional sphere, as well as such specific character traits as empathy, altruism and a sense of responsibility to the client.

Analysis of the intellectual, emotional and communicative spheres of social workers, in this regard, becomes necessary, because, working with a client, they bring into his life new ways and means of resolving a problem situation, fulfilling their professional duty, which, in turn, requires them high skill and ability to respond in a timely manner to changing situations. The totality of his personal properties plays a decisive role in this.

Therefore, the higher the professionalism of a person carrying out his activities in the social sphere, the more complex and non-standard the task that he faces.

Specialists of the specialized department of the Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Central District of Kemerovo (KTSSON) most often encounter the most intractable situations.

The work of this department differs from the activities of other structural divisions of the center in that, in addition to providing social and everyday services, the responsibilities of its employees also include providing medical care, since the clients of this department are seriously ill people who cannot do without timely social and medical care

Working with clients of this department, the social worker provides the widest range of services: from household (purchasing groceries, cleaning the home, etc.) to medical and social (assessment of activities of daily living, prevention of bedsores, daily injections, etc.) . Naturally, such work places more stringent demands on emergency department specialists.

In order to study the personal and intellectual sphere of the employees of the specialized department of the center and correlate their indicators with the individual characteristics of clients, psychological diagnostics were carried out, aimed at studying the factors identified for the study.

The staff of the specialized department includes 11 social workers and 5 nurses, and 8 social workers and 4 nurses took part in the study.

The main research methods were the Catell multifactorial questionnaire and the Eysenck questionnaire.

During the psychological diagnostics of the personalities of employees of the specialized department of the center, the following results were obtained, which were translated into percentages: 40% of respondents have a high willingness to cooperate. They are attentive to people and have good agility. 20%, on the contrary, are inflexible in relationships with people and wards, and are skeptical towards them.

In the same group of respondents, intellectual indicators revealed the following picture: 45% of respondents have a high level of intelligence, 50% - average and 5% - low.

The identified trends made it possible to coordinate the work of nurses and social workers so that, taking into account the individual characteristics of the client, employees could develop the most appropriate style of building relationships, which will certainly increase their ability to successfully and effectively resolve the client’s problems.

To implement this approach, individual psychological maps were compiled to help social workers and nurses reorient their attitudes and life beliefs in relation to clients.

In parallel with the study of the intellectual and volitional sphere of the employees of the specialized department, similar work was done with its clients, namely with 27 disabled people who are registered and served there.

As a result, all surveyed respondents were divided into four groups based on the results of the study. The first group included those who are not subject to psychocorrectional work due to serious mental illnesses (mental retardation, senile insanity); in their case, the help of qualified psychiatrists is required. The second group consisted of respondents whose high creative and intellectual potential did not require additional stimulation. The third group included respondents who will participate in corrective measures. The fourth group consists of those who< нуждается в коррекции эмоционально-волевой сферы.

In accordance with the data obtained, psychological maps were drawn up for working with clients of the specialized department.

The work carried out made it possible to build a completely new model of interaction between the center’s staff and its clients. It is based on the principle of constructing work taking into account the psychological compatibility of people, the possibilities of their creative and intellectual potential, as well as taking into account the state of the emotional-volitional sphere.

Features of communication with sick elderly people

Patient behavior - this is part of the disease .

And when he performs certain actions, as it seems, “in defiance” of you - this is wrong. Patience, understanding and love will help you cope with the difficulties that arise.

Sick elderly people need rest during the day, as fatigue worsens their well-being.

Planned trips out of the house should be short so that they do not tire the elderly person.

We must strive to maintain the lifestyle that is familiar to an older person.

You should not make excessive demands on an elderly person, as this worsens his psychological state and well-being.

If an elderly person stops recognizing close relatives and confuses people, you should not convince him of this; it is better to switch the patient’s attention.

The effectiveness of social work with older and older people and the ability to overcome it.

The sharp change in the socio-economic situation since 1991 marked the beginning of a severe crisis in Russia and its regions, which affected the well-being not so much of the wealthy and socially protected segments of the population, but of those who live below the poverty line, without the necessary minimum conditions for existence . Society, faced with such difficult problems, cannot resolve them on its own without government intervention. At the moment, there is an obvious urgent need for the formation and development of a system that, being in direct contact with the state, would contribute to changing existing asocial trends, and would also develop new methods and ways out of the social crisis. Now social service is this main system that solves the problems and difficulties of members of society. Working directly with the individual, it provides an integrated approach to solving his problems and helps to establish connections between the individual and other social institutions and the state as a whole.

Today in Russia there is a tendency to increase the number of citizens of retirement and pre-retirement age. At the moment, in the city of Kemerovo, in the Central District alone, more than 32 thousand people of retirement age live. There is no doubt that it is precisely this category that has those life problems and difficulties that require the immediate intervention of specialists in the field of social work. The problems of an elderly person are complex, combining both medical and socio-economic ones. Therefore, the work of a social work specialist requires high skill and professionalism. Professionalism in work is very often associated with the attitudes of the person doing it to perform their duties with high quality. The motivation of an individual to satisfy the needs of another person and a sincere desire to help him very often ensure the effectiveness of a specialist’s work.

Therefore, it was decided that it was necessary to conduct diagnostics of the personal and motivational orientation of specialists at the Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Central District of Kemerovo (KTSSON).

Motivation as the driving force of human behavior, of course, occupies a leading place in the structure of personality. It permeates its main structural formations: orientation, character, emotions, abilities, activities and mental processes.

Therefore, in the study, special attention was paid to the study and more detailed consideration of such a component of motivation as the orientation of the individual, since it is this that plays the leading role in shaping the attitude towards the profession and its high-quality performance.

It is still difficult to trace strong, sustainable motivation in a profession such as a social worker. At the same time, the conclusions of many authors agree on one thing: people who enter this profession are oriented by their entire upbringing and personal prerequisites towards providing selfless help and support to others.

The style of behavior of a social worker, determined by the totality of his personal qualities, his value orientations and interests, has a decisive impact on the system that he forms. Some social workers feel “like a fish in water” in conflict situations, others - in situations of cooperation and mutual assistance.

But it is worth remembering that assessing only a person’s personal qualities without correlating them with the professional requirements of the profession itself can very often distort the overall result of assessing the effectiveness of a social service, and sometimes significantly reduce performance indicators.

Performance indicators are easy to evaluate if the main criteria by which the assessment is made are identified.

In the study of motivational and personal orientation, the leading criterion was the cohesion of the team in solving personal and business problems. It is believed that it is cohesion and a favorable psychological environment within the team that contribute to increasing the level of efficiency. After all, if a person with all his wealth is motivated to provide targeted and high-quality assistance to a social service client, but at the same time does not have the opportunity for normal and comfortable work outside of a stressful and conflict situation, he cannot professionally fulfill his duties, which means that the effectiveness of his activities decreases, however , as well as the overall efficiency of the labor process.

The main attention in the study was paid to the study of the motives of the activities of social workers, as well as the study of their prevailing expectations, value and semantic orientations.

The purpose of the study was to study the influence of these factors on the effectiveness of professional activities. One of the most important criteria for effectiveness is a favorable psychological and work climate within the team.

The staff of KTSSON is 175 people. The study focused on specialists from home care departments, since it is they who interact most closely with the clients of the center, providing them with the most complete range of social and psychological services. There are eight such branches in the CCSON. Thus, 80 social workers from home care departments took part in the study. The following main methods and test materials were used in the study:

1. Life orientation test . This technique was created on the basis of the “Purpose in Life” test by J. Crumbo and L. Maholik, developed on the basis of W. Frankl’s theory of the pursuit of meaning. The domestic version was developed and adapted by D.A. Leontyev. This method allows you to assess the overall meaningfulness of life and track trends in the social worker’s achievement of his goals.

2. Value-orientation questionnaire . The test was developed by V. Smekal and M. Kucher. Determines the direction of the individual, his orientation in professional activities.

3. Thomas Questionnaire . It will allow you to determine the style of behavior in a conflict situation, and therefore find out the degree of cohesion of the group.

4. Questionnaire for assessing factors of effectiveness and ineffectiveness of social workers. Developed by social work specialist of the organizational and methodological department of the KTSSON E.A. Chidilyan. Allows you to identify criteria that hinder or contribute to increasing the effectiveness of a social worker.

A general analysis of the research results allows us to conclude that the effectiveness of social workers is largely determined by both the internal comfort of the group and the personal attitude towards the results of their work. Connecting your activities with general goals and objectives very often helps to increase the level of efficiency of both an individual specialist and the group as a whole.

The result of the study was the identification of the main areas of work with the team of social workers of the center in order to change the current situation, form motivational attitudes and business orientation. When the situation changes, you should pay special attention to the following points:

1. Formation of a favorable psychological climate in the team;

2. Creation of a team of like-minded people of the “we are a team” type;

3. Formation of conditions conducive to the achievement of set goals by social workers;

4. Setting goals for social workers that would be realistically achievable for them;

5. Introducing a reward system for positive work results;

6. Inclusion of social workers in the training process (training sessions, training seminars).

Summing up the overall result of the study, it is worth noting that a significant influence of the psychological climate and business orientation of the individual on the efficiency of the labor process was revealed. Among the surveyed group of respondents, the indicators for these criteria turned out to be at an average level, which ultimately indicates the unstable efficiency of their labor process, which is associated with external working conditions. The study allows us to conclude that it is necessary to change either the external conditions of the labor process when influencing the social worker’s personality (increasing group cohesion), or to change the individual’s attitude towards his problems and reorient him towards finding a way to solve them. Taking into account these criteria will allow you to achieve the greatest effectiveness of activities in the field of social work.

Any research conducted requires the researcher not only to qualitatively process the data obtained, but also to issue appropriate recommendations aimed at transforming the situation and changing it in a positive direction.

So, after studying the personal and motivational orientation, a decision was made on the need to conduct training sessions aimed at creating sustainable motivation and for social workers to effectively perform their professional duties. To achieve this goal, we developed a “Training Program for Social Workers,” which was successfully implemented when working with the center’s specialists.

During the training sessions, it was noted that the majority of social workers have a fairly high level of anxiety, so we had to work more not with business, but with personal qualities. The main objective of the classes was to relieve psychological stress, establish communication connections, and search for internal reserves for personal development. Most social workers found the sessions very useful. Many took a different look at the ambiguous situations that arise when organizing work with their clients and colleagues. In addition, the classes once again forced social workers to work a little on themselves, to take a small step towards personal growth.

In general, the program showed the need to continue working with the center’s specialists. The trainings gave people the opportunity to look at their problems differently, to find the true reasons for their failures, and as a result, the resolution of intrapersonal problems gave rise to a more friendly atmosphere within the work team, which in turn contributed to the development of new views on the work process and an increase in the level of its efficiency and quality .

The program did not become the end point in the work of the center with its personnel. It is planned to attract related specialists from other institutions to continue training and work with personnel. The center's management pays special attention to personnel, since they are the connecting element between the client and the quality satisfaction of his needs.

Aspects of the activities of a social worker with older people

Elderly people are a social group that has socially specific characteristics and needs. The main activities of the state and its social policy in relation to older people come down to providing material support to this category of citizens in the form of pensions, benefits, benefits, etc. The earned privilege should help old people maintain a satisfactory social status and psychological well-being. However, in the conditions of modern Russia, we observe the opposite situation: the real socio-economic situation of an elderly person makes him experience anxiety, fear of tomorrow, and not see prospects in solving life’s problems, which does not in any way contribute to physiological, psychological and social health.

In the current circumstances, responsibility for the fate of the majority of older people who find themselves in difficult life situations falls on the shoulders of social service workers, called upon to provide qualified and varied social assistance to this category of citizens. But here, too, the situation is not going well. Insufficient funding for the social sphere, imperfection of existing forms of social support, and poor professional training of representatives of the social sphere make it difficult to effectively solve the problems of older people. Social programs of state municipal social institutions are aimed, first of all, at increasing pensions, benefits, subsidies, medical care and care. However, the problem of psychological support, training and maintaining vital activity of pensioners, assistance to them in employment and entrepreneurship is becoming more and more urgent, which forces social services in their activities to include such areas as:

Training older people in methods of self- and mutual assistance;

Creation of social communication clubs with a widely developed self-help structure;

Changes in social assistance in the field of employment of older citizens and return to active work that meets their strengths;

Organization of a volunteer movement to provide assistance to elderly citizens, etc.

The educational system plays a significant role in solving social problems today. Dozens of universities in the country are engaged in training and retraining of specialists in the field of social work, including with older people. In order for a social worker to effectively solve the problems of older people in need of social protection, he must be aware of the specifics of his professional activity. Relevant knowledge, skills and abilities will help him with this. Let's identify some of them.

I. Understanding the aging process, its importance for individual and for society in in general . The future specialist should know:

1. Human aging is a universal and natural biopsychological process. When it comes to older people, we must distinguish between normal, pathological and optimal aging processes;

2. Negative (weakening of the body, decrease in psychophysical activity, deterioration of health) and positive (great professional and

life experience, life wisdom) changes associated with aging make it possible to consider older people, on the one hand, as a burden for society, and on the other, as a powerful incentive and factor in the development of society.

The main task of government agencies responsible for the well-being of older people is not just to provide them with material support, but, taking into account age restrictions, to develop the reserve abilities of an older person, helping to choose the most appropriate form of social activity. Such a social practice strategy for older people will help increase their social utility.

3. Old age is associated with the transition to a system of new social roles, and therefore to a new system of group and interpersonal relations. Reduced interactions due to retirement lead to a loss of social connections. As an older person ages, the role of family increases in their life. For a healthy elderly person, it becomes a space that helps maintain an active lifestyle; for a sick person, it becomes a source of benevolence and care.

4. The transition of a person to the group of elderly people significantly changes such value-normative concepts as the purpose of life, goodness, happiness, etc. This allows us to speak about the existence in society of a special type of subculture - the subculture of old age.

II. Technologies of social work with older people.

Rehabilitation - medical, social, social, psychological - is important for the lives of older people. The first is aimed at maintaining the psychophysical state of an elderly person, the others are aimed at increasing his vitality, stimulating or maintaining the previous level of activity. Elderly people should not “drop out” from family life or break ties with friends and neighbors. An old person must constantly feel the need for external impressions, feel the pulse of life around him, and be drawn into it. This is facilitated by:

Maintaining work activity (including changing the type of activity);

Social activity (guardianship, social, cultural, political, trade union, neighborhood, etc.);

Amateur activities (sports, painting, music, growing ornamental plants, gardening, horticulture, etc.);

Leisure activities (participation in the life of clubs, cultural centers, etc.);

Personal activity (responsiveness, participation in people, willingness to help those in need, etc.).

The idea of ​​the advantages of a mobile, active lifestyle of a person formed the basis of the modern understanding of the rehabilitation process. Therefore, in the work of social services today we observe such forms of work as the creation of day care departments, clubs for the elderly, self-help groups, etc. The main goal of these institutions is to provide the opportunity to spend free time profitably and pleasantly, satisfy various cultural needs, as well as awaken new interests, facilitating the establishment of friendly contacts. These institutions should offer older people certain services, assistance, advice, organize their recreation and entertainment, and for the most active, become a place of useful and necessary activities for others. To ensure the effectiveness of the activities carried out, staff members in such institutions must have appropriate qualifications, the ability to use methods of social and educational work, and, therefore, must have knowledge in the field of pedagogy, psychology, sociology, which will help to carry out the rehabilitation of older people at the level of the individual, subject

activity and social subject, taking into account his individuality. Social and psychological-pedagogical training will also help determine the sequence of rehabilitation measures, organize educational influence, while initiating the activity of the elderly person.

An essential point in the pedagogical understanding of rehabilitation is the organization of interpersonal interaction on the basis of subject-subject relations. Mutual understanding, mutual influence, mutual actions, relationships, communication are the components that determine pedagogically organized interaction.

A pedagogical view of the problem of rehabilitation allows us to rethink the very term “rehabilitation”, which R.V. Ovcharova (1996) defines it as a complex, multi-level, stage-by-stage and dynamic system of interconnected actions aimed at restoring a person’s rights, status, health, and capacity in his own eyes and in front of others for the fullest realization of his capabilities. The essence of rehabilitation of older people is to restore a person’s faith in himself, in his strengths, to give him a sense of full-fledged personality, which should and can realize its physical and spiritual potential to the maximum and, in realizing its aspirations, find new sources of self-improvement and self-development.

Society needs to change its stereotypes towards old age. An elderly person is able to bring material and spiritual benefits to society. Society should help him in this: to make the life of an elderly person worthy, full of active activity and joy, to relieve him of the feeling of loneliness and alienation, to compensate for the lack of communication, to help satisfy his needs and interests, and most importantly - to organize the environment of an elderly person in such a way that he could easily find ways to interact with this environment.

Deontological approaches to resolving emerging conflicts between social workers and the elderly population, objectivity and subjectivity in conflict resolution.

The system of relationships “social worker - client” and “social worker - client’s environment” plays a vital role in social work. These relationships are to some extent determined by social circumstances: the client needs the assistance of a social worker, and the social worker is obliged to provide him with assistance. A partnership relationship is established between the social worker and his client, but in terms of the power of influence on the partner, his position is more active. His actions and actions have a decisive impact on the client and his circumstances. Forming a work-friendly relationship with a client does not always depend on the social worker, since the subjective characteristics of the client also have a significant impact on their relationship. Objectively, the social worker’s client is interested in establishing strong, friendly relationships with the social worker, but to a lesser extent than the specialist: he knows that no matter how he treats the social worker, he will still be obliged to fulfill his professional duty. Sometimes the client uses his advantageous position to the detriment of the case.

The main requirements of a social worker’s professional duty towards a client are: respect for the client as an individual, maintaining and developing his most significant positive qualities, reasonable demands on him, establishing not only business, official, but also human relationships, creating an optimistic mood in the client, maintaining it dignity and self-respect, assistance in gaining respect from the social environment.

When starting a professional activity, getting to know the client and his problems, solving (or helping to solve) these problems, a social worker inevitably invades the personal life of the individual and comes into contact with his spiritual world. Since one of the goals of social work is to promote the full development of the individual’s potential, self-realization, and self-discovery, the social worker is obliged to try to understand the inner world

your client and skillfully influence him. However, since the spiritual world of a person is the most subtle, delicate substance, a rude, unceremonious invasion into it can lead to irreversible negative consequences. An attentive, friendly and sensitive attitude towards the client’s thoughts, ideas, interests, emotions and experiences, based on respect for the individual, will help the social worker fulfill his professional duty towards the client.

A specialist always sees in the social environment of his client not only an object of influence, but also his ally in solving the client’s problems. Relatives, as a rule, are objectively interested in improving the living conditions of their relative, friend, or neighbor. Attention to the client’s social environment, respect for him, taking into account his opinion and involving him in cooperation for the benefit of the client, creating an atmosphere of complete trust and mutual understanding is the professional duty of a social worker. For cooperation to be fruitful, the specialist must objectively assess the capabilities of the client’s social environment, the degree of its cohesion and interconnection, readiness to engage in joint activities, the opinions of others about the circumstances and personality of the client, as well as the degree of individualism and selfishness of members of the environment (including their group selfishness). A social worker must constantly look for means to increase the interest and opportunity for participation of members of the social environment in solving the client’s problems, their implementation of individual stages and sections of overall work, and the formation of public opinion in favor of their client.

A social worker is a person, an individual who enters into certain relationships due to his professional duties. He owes a duty to himself. He also fulfills his duties because it is necessary for him, because it meets his internal needs and contributes to the realization of his personal potential. The work of a social worker takes place in front of people and is therefore constantly assessed by them. Evaluation of the social worker’s activities is expressed in the attitude towards him from the people around him, both those participating in the process of social work and those not included in it.

Literature:

1. Yatsemirskaya R.S., Belenkaya I.G. Social gerontology. - M.: Vlados, 1999.-202 p.

2. Fundamentals of social and medical work. - M.: Rarog, 1998. - 256 p.

3. Alperovich V.D. Social gerontology. - Rostov-on-Don.: Phoenix, 1997.-576 p.

4. Domestic Journal of Social Work No. 3 – 2004.

5. Domestic Journal of Social Work No. 2 – 2004.

6. Socio-psychological work with older people: the experience of Kuzbass. Collection of educational and methodological articles / Ed. O.V. Krasnova. – M.: MPGU, 2002. – 288 p.

7. Mardakhaev L.V. // Psychology and ethics of professional activities of social work. - Social service worker. – 2003.

Questions for testing

1. History of creation and modern system of social protection of the population.

2. Sources of financing for social protection of the population. Non-state funds.

3. executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4. Departments, commissions, societies of various levels of social protection institutions.

5. The relationship between state social policy and social work.

6. Structure of social services dealing with issues of social protection and family support in the Tambov region

7. Family as an active social system.

8. Family as an object of social work.

9. Legal framework for organizing social work with families. 10. State system of benefits and benefits.

11. Basic social guarantees provided by the state to women and families.

12.Family Code.

13. Types of benefits for families with children.

14. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On measures for social support of large families.”

15. Organization of social work with a large family.

16. Social work with families with disabled children.

17. Guarantees and benefits provided to families with disabled children

18. Specifics of social work with elderly citizens and people with disabilities

19. Social protection and support for families of military personnel and citizens discharged from military service

20. Institutions whose activities are aimed at social services for families of military personnel and citizens discharged from military service

21. Law “On the fundamentals of the system for preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency.”

22. Organization of social work with families in socially dangerous situations

23. The state of the family social service system. Main trends in social services.

24. Modern technologies used in social service institutions for families and children

25. Forms and types of targeted family support

26.Types of rehabilitation

27. The role of public organizations in social support for families.

28. Forms of interaction between state and public structures

29. Types of public associations in the Tambov region

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Events for older people

Afanasyeva Rimma Akhatovna, social studies teacher MCOU "Unyugan Secondary School No. 1", Unyugan village, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra
Purpose: The material is useful for workers of clubs, libraries, nursing homes, social workers, and the elderly themselves.
Description: The article introduces problems in self-organization of leisure time and shows ways to solve problems. The material in the article tells how you can organize leisure time for older people in clubs, nursing homes, libraries and how you can provide financial assistance to older people, establish guardianship over sick and lonely people, and conduct consultations in medical institutions. Photos about the leisure time of older people are taken from the “Unyugan” group on the Odnoklassniki website.
Target: providing assistance in organizing mass cultural and individual forms of work with older people.
Tasks:
1. Show that events for older people play a big role in the lives of older people.
2. Provide information to pensioners about public and entertainment events for older people.
3. Talk about possible vacation options.
4. Invite older people to actively participate in pastimes.
There are deep fords near the river...
Don’t rush to be sad about the past.
After all, age is not years, after all,
And the state of mind!

A man retires. And you can very often observe the following picture: several old people are sitting on a bench at the entrance with a gloomy look and complete indifference to everything that is happening around them. As a rule, relatives, due to their busyness, cannot pay due attention to the elderly person. Old people become depressed because they are not in demand, some kind of resentment arises, and sometimes chronic diseases develop as a result of this. A lot of free time is the main enemy of older people. To return meaning to a person’s life and joy in his eyes after retirement, there are events for older people.

Why is holding events for older people so important? There is a so-called self-organization of the event. After retiring, many pensioners enjoy relaxing at their favorite dacha, plunge headlong into raising their grandchildren, and have time to visit different cities and master some skills. But it also happens that a person cannot decide what to do with himself. So, with self-organization there are problems of the following nature:
financial difficulties;
transport problems;
accessibility of the event for older people;
age restrictions.
In Russia, special institutions and organizations draw up an action plan for an elderly person. This plan covers several areas:
1. Events for older people in cultural centers.

2. Activities for older people in the library.

3. Activities for older people in private nursing homes.

What activities for older people are held in cultural centers? Very often, old people feel that they are alone. Such people need support. And, as a rule, communication with friends and neighbors is more important to them than with family. In order not to leave everyone who is still young at heart unattended, special leisure activities are organized for older people. Almost the main organizers of such events are cultural centers, which are located in every district of the city, towns and villages. They draw up an organizational plan based on the wishes of the population.
Recently, gatherings and literary evenings, concerts, competition programs and sports competitions have become traditional. To convey information to pensioners about mass and entertainment events for older people, the media play a huge role in this. Thanks to this, many pensioners learn about holidays and evenings and happily gather for such events. Therefore, activities in various types of creativity become leisure for old people. Moreover, events at cultural centers for older people allow them to establish friendly relations with each other and reveal new talents and opportunities for retirees. People come here for advice, help, relaxation and enjoyment.
But let’s return to the events that cultural centers hold for older people. As we have already said, cultural workers very carefully study the population’s requests and take into account all wishes and comments. On this basis, an annual work plan is drawn up. It includes:
1. Holidays and anniversaries.

2. Folk and national holidays.

3. Events dedicated to older people.

4. Sports activities for older people.

5. Events for the elderly and disabled.

6. Military-patriotic events.

Such meetings are one of the reasons to get together, chat, and drink tea. Many cultural centers cooperate with veteran organizations. Together they organize events for older people:
1. Trips to competitions and festivals, in which pensioners take an active part.

2. Concerts with your favorite artists.
3. Tourist trips.

Most older people show genuine interest in various hobby groups and clubs that operate at cultural centers, for example, solo and vocal singing clubs, clubs, and gymnastics for older people. The cultural center pays no less attention to events for people with disabilities and people with disabilities. Such attention allows such people to feel like full-fledged members of society. They also participate in various competitions, they also win prizes. Involving people of all age categories in cultural and leisure activities is one of the main tasks of cultural centers. This is facilitated by holding events where a pensioner, a teenager, and a child are equally comfortable.
Such events include:
1. Everyone’s favorite Maslenitsa. Both young and old gather for such folk festivities.

2. Festive events dedicated to calendar dates.

4. Village or city day.

5. Entertainment programs and much more.
Clubs for seniors offer a huge number of clubs to choose from. Here pensioners can choose any direction:
1. Artistic.
2. For theater lovers.
3. Music sections, choral singing, and folklore are very popular
Physical activity is one of the mechanisms for improving health and raising the mood of old people. Based on this, clubs for older people, together with cultural centers, organize all kinds of sports events for older people, which include outdoor games, therapeutic exercises, and physical education.

In addition, clubs offer leisure activities for older people: excursions to interesting places by bus, health trips, outdoor recreation, etc. We must pay tribute to our older generation; they willingly participate in all public events for older people. And at the same time they feel a charge of vigor and good mood. Club events for seniors are also popular, where simple communication with each other brings joy.
Such events include:
1. Board games such as chess, checkers.

2. Solving crossword puzzles together.
3. Listening to radio programs together, watching interesting TV programs.
4. Reading evenings.
5. Friendly communication over a cup of tea.

All these activities for older people play a big role in the lives of older people. Thanks to them, older people unite into one team, people have common interests and friends. The feeling of loneliness recedes, old people gain meaning in life. The club's plan of events for seniors, as a rule, includes various competitions, exhibitions, sales, crafts, modeling, cutting and sewing clubs, carpentry, weaving, knitting, embroidery, collecting medicinal herbs, and gardening.

This is just a small list of activities that are included in the program of work with pensioners. And it’s not without reason that we mentioned sales in this listing. Crafts made by the hands of pensioners are put up for sale. Through their sales, the club's budget is replenished. This is why he exists.
But the most favorite events among pensioners at the club are celebrations for Senior Citizens' Day, anniversaries, birthdays, and holidays. This brings variety and great joy to the lives of the older generation.
It is worth mentioning one more important point related to clubs for seniors. Many elderly people, having retired, need a means of subsistence, they develop illnesses, and they are not able to take care of themselves. Mutual aid organizations and social service departments have been created in the clubs. Their task is to provide financial assistance to older people, establish guardianship over sick and lonely people, and provide consultations in medical institutions. All staff members of the clubs are highly qualified employees with experience and skills in working with older people.

In this area, knowledge in psychology, medicine, pedagogy, and the basics of jurisprudence is required to provide simple legal assistance to the elderly. So interest clubs not only organize events for older people, but also help them in life.
To help a pensioner decide on the choice of occupation, you need to take into account his health status and find out about his interests. Due to illness or old age, older people lose the mobility of their hands. Created activities for the elderly and disabled help restore these functions. Such activities include making puzzles, clay modeling, and mosaics, which are offered in libraries.
But, often, only reading is the only available employment for people with disabilities. It has a beneficial effect on the psyche of an elderly person. Looking at old photographs also encourages old people to communicate. They want to tell someone about their past life, share memories. Often in libraries, pensioners are offered various games such as chess and dominoes, which contribute to the development of coordination of movements and help organize their lives. Activities for older people in the library serve the function of leisure and culture. It has already become a good tradition to take responsibility for organizing entertainment for the elderly. Openness, accessibility and free reading of books are how the organizers of such events attract older people. The atmosphere itself has a beneficial effect on the mood of the elderly, on their worldview and attitude towards life. In a relaxed atmosphere, they can share their impressions of the latest literature, exchange books, find like-minded people and seek advice. All stereotypes regarding lonely old age and not being in demand in society are becoming a thing of the past. Literary clubs, popular in the old days, have acquired their significance and relevance today. And not only in the face of older people. They are aimed at the intellectual and spiritual development of the entire population, and activities for older people fully support these goals. Libraries are trying to hold seminars on the Great Patriotic War, history evenings, and meetings with authors more often.

What do interest clubs represent for older people today? Do they really help retirees start a second life?

In Western cultures and societies, the main categories that determine the value of an individual are his effectiveness and productivity. As you know, citizens after 50 and 60 are not doing well with these qualities. At least that's the general opinion.

There are exception professions, for example, politicians reach their peak after 70, and this is also common knowledge. It is also known that they receive .

But for an ordinary citizen, at pre-retirement age, a period begins when he is not very welcome at work. Management allows itself to treat him negatively and dismissively and no longer expects anything outstanding from him.

And after retiring, a person runs the risk of finding himself in a situation of isolation and separation from real life.

Here, of course, there is the fact that people are simply afraid of aging and death, and because of this they try to stay away from old people, especially the infirm. Of course, not all older people experience the negative impact of ageism and prejudices about aging, but many have a hard time.

Modern states are experiencing a general process of population aging. The proportion of elderly people, over 65, is increasing over time, and old age itself is already perceived by society as a social problem. Adaptation of older people has acquired a social character, and age-related characteristics in this case fade into the background, although they do not lose their importance.

The paradox is that society, considering a person too old to stop working with him, perceives him by default as young enough to solve his own problems on his own.

Received a pension or benefit - and be satisfied, what else do you need from us? We are young people, we have our whole lives ahead of us, but the old people have outlived their time, what can we expect from them? Unless of an inheritance and the status that accompanies it. That is, the life experience, professional skills and knowledge of an aged person are perceived as useless and become unclaimed by society.

An elderly person, of course, perceives this fact as a blatant injustice. Some old people resign themselves, others rebel, and some of the pensioners, the most active and sensible, not wanting to remain in a state of stagnation and isolation, are looking for a way out of the impasse.

What should a pensioner, especially a newly minted one, thrown out of the usual rhythm of life, do in such a situation? First of all, do not fall into despondency, which, as is known, “there is boredom in every activity”, and start looking for something that suits your liking, your interests.

In Russia, by the way, many public initiatives have appeared to attract pensioners to an active life.

Eg, in Perm they came up with the “School for Middle-aged Entrepreneurs”, in which older people, having studied the basics of market laws and accounting, began selling goods made with their own hands through social networks, special websites and online stores.

For many, this science was easy, especially if the experience of previous work activity created the prerequisites for this. And at the same time, it turned out that activities that for many years were considered just a hobby became a source of income. For example, design, handicrafts - embroidery, knitting, etc.

Many pensioners who have retained their strength and do not want to part with their profession are engaged in volunteering, and in this matter society is meeting their needs halfway: volunteer training programs for older people have appeared in many social centers.

From the same series there are various interest clubs. Some of them are the fruit of self-organization, others are created by municipal services.

An example of self-organization is the Moscow club, which was created by pensioners, single and low-income people. At first there were few of them, and they were united by the desire not to lose touch with the cultural life of the capital.

Members of the “Old Moscow” club were able to visit theaters, exhibitions, and museums, without which they, having gotten used to this in Soviet times, no longer felt like Muscovites. It must be said that society readily met them halfway; for example, the Russian Academy of Arts, many Moscow theaters, and other organizations that began to cooperate with the club.

Clubs for older people began to be created in Russian cities at libraries, creativity centers, within social bodies and enterprises.

We have to admit that society is slowly realizing the need for such measures, since it cannot be allowed for a person in his declining years to be left alone, without communication with other people. This is fraught with depression and mental disorders, and interest clubs are a good antidote to these negative phenomena.

All over the world, in developed countries, especially European ones, older people make up too large a percentage of the total population for this to go unnoticed. So, in 1990, on December 4, the UN declared October 1 as the International Day of Older Persons.

Since 1991, this day began to be celebrated in Europe, then in America, and since 1992 - in Russia.

In European countries, the life of pensioners is considered the most prosperous - in and other countries. First of all, various courses for older people, fitness clubs, and hobby establishments began to appear there.

In fact, the first interest clubs appeared in Europe back in the 19th century, and now this idea has been adapted for the elderly. In European cities, measures are being taken to introduce pensioners to modern technologies, appropriate infrastructure is being created, and other measures are being taken to prevent older people from confining themselves within the walls of their home.

Not only hobby groups are created, but also psychotherapeutic groups, and various psychological trainings are organized. Western European pensioners actively travel, participate in development centers and other energizing events.

A kind of indicator that the public does not ignore pensioners is, among other things, fashion brands that present clothing lines for people of more than advanced age at shows.

A Russian pensioner, finding himself in a new situation, cut off from the work team, suddenly feels empty.

In this situation, it is contraindicated for a person to remain alone. Moreover, you should not give in to sad thoughts about your own uselessness. In fact, old age is a socially beneficial phenomenon; you just need to find a way to apply your rich life experience, skills and professional training.

And most importantly, we need to start communicating with others in new conditions. This is where interest clubs for older people come to the rescue. Work in such clubs is carried out on the following topics:

• social assistance is provided to older people;
• support from medical and social services;
• work is carried out with war veterans;
• the functioning of educational programs is ensured;
• Leisure activities are organized in acceptable forms.

Such clubs are created either at the place of work or on a territorial basis.

Often, at a plant, factory or any other organization, clubs are established for former employees who have retired. People who worked together, were friends, and have known each other’s families for a long time gather there. They are interested in meeting, exchanging news, talking about their native enterprise.

A club at a pensioner’s place of residence is a completely different matter. Here people communicate more often because everything is nearby, within walking distance. Often such clubs operate at a library, or at a local community center, or at a social service center.

There are cases when meetings are held in cafes - older people do not neglect gastronomic pleasures.

The club for older people becomes like their new big family, where all members are equal and equally worthy. In this way, clubs compare favorably with the environment among relatives, where an elderly person may feel superfluous, uninteresting and burdensome. This is not the case here.

Work in such a club can be organized in different ways, it all depends on the funds at its disposal. There should not be too many club members, otherwise the atmosphere of intimacy and comfort will be lost.

But you shouldn’t isolate yourself; you need to take care of establishing connections with other clubs and taking part in public events in your city. At the same time, all activities must be planned so that they correspond to the strengths and needs of pensioners.

Here are possible activities that are of interest to older people.

1. Often the club provides an opportunity to engage in some kind of craft or manual work that is of general interest. This could be handicrafts, cutting and sewing, carpentry, photography or, for example, collecting medicinal herbs.

The results of your work can be sold at exhibitions, auctions, and sales, and at the same time replenish the club’s fund from the proceeds.

2. If the club has an area for plant cultivation, then there will always be enthusiasts for growing vegetables, flowers, ornamental shrubs and fruit trees. It is useful to place benches and tables on the site so that you can work in moderation and immediately relax, because all gardeners are no longer young.

3. As part of educational programs, you can organize classes, lectures, and courses in different fields of knowledge. Today, many discoveries are taking place, interesting news is coming from the field of technology, science and technology.

4. Elderly people are happy to engage in amateur artistic activities and get involved in various types of art. Therefore, the following can be very popular:

• drama club or amateur theater;
• vocal classes or instrumental ensembles, including the popularization of song traditions;
• classes in painting, sculpture, different types of drawing.

5. It is useful for those who are still able to organize recreational excursions into nature, organize preventive and even therapeutic exercises.

Pensioners love dancing very much, and it is worth organizing dance evenings for them more often. It’s especially good to do this in the summer, somewhere in a park, so that there is a spacious place surrounded by benches and good dance music.

Pensioners from all surrounding areas will gather at such a site. Some of them will surprise modern youth with their pompous dance style.

6. For those who like to have fun while sitting, there are board games, but, of course, not gambling. The vast majority of pensioners have already taken to solving crossword puzzles, and they also have their own champions.

Older people also like to discuss books and magazines they have read, television series or matches of their favorite teams. If only there was a place to gather and sit in company, listen to the radio, and talk.

7. A seniors' club can provide invaluable assistance to its members by connecting them to the Internet. It is there that you can meet a lot of like-minded people united by common interests and have a wide audience for exchanging information.

Here you can find advice from experts, and the experience of home-grown craftsmen is presented, which they are happy to share. And, of course, you can plunge headlong into social networks.

What is remote work on the Internet and what vacancies are there for retirees? Find out .

8. Every club has holidays and special events. For example, it is customary to celebrate the birthdays of club members and memorable dates; this greatly unites the team.

Often a club for older people has a social support section, because among its members there may be those in need. No one is immune from sudden illness or family tragedy - this is where help is needed.

Club employees take care of older people, provide consultations, and give advice. They must be knowledgeable in social educational work, in psychology, pedagogy and sociology, in medical issues and socio-legal issues.

Interest clubs allow a pensioner to open a new page in his life. Often it is completely different from those already lived, unexpectedly interesting and exciting. As they say in such cases, everyone only lives twice, and clubs for older people can give a second life.