Everything, the circle is closed. We came to a primitive man, who again will repeat the same path of development that he always repeated. Then, having developed somewhat to the current level of knowledge, holding a book on astrology in his hands, he reads it and doubts the veracity of this teaching, this science. He doubts, because he does not remember the past stages of the development of mankind and thinks that today's civilization is the first and only in the world for the entire existence of this world itself.
Only where is the beginning from which it all began. But there is no beginning. You are standing on a circle. If you moved in any direction, then the length of the arc divided by your speed will give you an indication of the time you spent. And a certain satisfaction - you have passed a part of the circle. However, if you go all the way around, you will stand at the same point from which you started moving. The distance traveled by you will not be equal to the entire circumference, but to zero. There was nothing to walk around if you still remained standing. No matter how fast you move, no matter how many revolutions you make. The distance is zero, the time is zero.
So, such a thing as time does not exist in nature. Do not ask empty questions about what happened before, what will happen afterwards, because then what will happen before. Just for this you need to go through some steps. Only the world is material. And at first there was a word: “Well, guys, make me dumplings!” There is no time in our material world.
Over time, something should happen, but the amount of world matter, for example, will change. So where does it change - increase or decrease? Where will the remainder go, or where will the part necessary for the increase come from? How long does it take to completely reduce or increase all matter? Pulsing? In what place is the material difference of these pulsations stored, waiting for its phase. Everything in the world is constant. No time. No changes. There is only the process of moving in a circle, leaving the point, we think that more and more time will have to be spent on returning. We think so, until we find ourselves at the same point, there is nowhere to return, there is no need to spend time on returning.
There is no time, there is only movement. Yes, the measurement system is now somewhat incorrect - the speed should not be measured in meters per second. What is a second? This is the time that a sunbeam will spend to cover a certain distance, that is, a second is equal to the length divided by the speed of light. The speed of light is measured in meters per second. Obviously, all dimensions are reduced. There remains a dimensionless constant, the value of which is not. Maybe it would be easier to take the speed of light as a universal unit, and all other speeds to be counted in fractions of the speed of light. One way or another, the concept of time does not exist. There is only the concept of speed. A living organism sighed, the chemical processes inside it began, which means it came to life. From the heap of chemical elements was born, into the heap of chemical elements and the same organism died - movement in a circle.
3. Space
In addition to time, there is also a space that seems to be fully defined. And, perhaps, it has some fixed value. Some scientists say that space is shrinking, while others are expanding. But all arguments about the compression or expansion of space are doubtful. To prove this, consider, for example, the option that space expands.
In order for there to be a place where space will expand in the next moment of time, it is necessary that at a given moment of time, this place is still free from space. But then the place should already be? Then, if it is already there, then what is it filled with? Nothing? Nothing - this is what? In this piece of unfilled space, as we have now found out, there is no space. But somehow this piece should be defined or limited. Than? What coordinate system? Temporary, spatial?
The more assumptions, the several times more new questions are added. It is easy to guess that, thus, the conversation is only about the density of space, that is, in a free place, the density of space is temporarily zero (more precisely, close to zero). When the space expands into this free space and takes up this former free space, the density at the points where the space flowed from will become less, and the density throughout the space will become equal to some average value.
Further, this process will continue an infinite number of times. The result of this process of infinite expansion is the zero average density of space. Thus, according to probability theory, the density of space at the end of the expansion process will be zero. No matter how large the volume of space, multiplied by the density equal to zero, it will still give the value of the mass of space equal to zero.
It will be the same when squeezing space. Only in this case will the density tend to infinity, and the volume - to zero. The result of the multiplication of these two quantities will also be zero. In this case, it does not matter what the zero will be - round or square. Further, who can definitely answer, space is compressed or expanded. Maybe it pulsates: it contracts, it expands? Maybe, but then it pulsates within the framework of a single constant volume, simply at the same time, again, the density of space in some parts of the volume occupied by it changes.
This process means the movement of the density of space along the volume occupied by it. This movement is called speed, which corresponds to the concept of life. That is, if we assume that the space is pulsating, then it must certainly be alive. The essence of all life lies in the endless repetition of the same cycles. A person was born, consumed nutrients and energy, grew old, died, turned into nutrients and energy, which another person eats and uses. Or a stone, for example, cracks over time, crumbles into grains of sand, which, moving deep into the Earth, are compressed under a layer of the same grains of sand into about the same stone. The process is endless.
If this were not so, then the whole world would already consist of elementary particles uniformly distributed in space. Here we come to the very edge that defines the whole space. Space is unchanging, it is constant. It’s even hard to say that constantly, its volume or something else.
Space has neither the beginning time of its existence, nor the end. It does not expand anywhere, does not compress anywhere, it does not pulsate. It is completely stable, stationary, constantly. In addition, the process of changing space must be accompanied by the corresponding value of time, but there is no time, as we have already understood.
4. Twisting the space
How will people move in space in the future? To increase the speed of movement? Reduce the distance to the intended point in space? Only two ways, as you can see. The first, an increase in speed, is understandable: an increase in engine power, fundamentally new transmissions and propulsors, and other fuel. But also other overloads: slow acceleration, slow braking, and in the middle a translight jump.
The second method, reducing the distance to the intended point, is probably more preferable, since the speed of our movement no longer has such a value, and therefore does not require spending high energies. Of course, it is not yet known how a cloud of space can be brought closer at all. And what does this approximation mean: a change in the position of a point in space, or something else?
Let's look at an example. On a piece of paper, from different sides, we draw two points: one is us who need to get to the second drawn point. The simplest way to move from point “a” to point “b” is to reach the edge of the sheet, bend through it and on the second surface reach point “b”. The speed of movement is known, the time spent on the route, too. It will take a long time to go.
But there is a second way of moving, everyone is familiar with it, who at least once held a piece of paper in their hands. We take a leaf and, bending, twist it into a tube. In this case, it is possible to achieve that the point "a" located on one side of the sheet coincides with the point "b" located on the second side. Do this, you will be sure to do so very easily.
And what happened as a result. And here is what. We, being at point “a” and bending (twisting) the space, brought closer to ourselves point “b”, the distance to which became equal to zero. Points "a" and "b" coincided. Virtually we are not spending
5. Matter
There is another aspect of a possible description of the behavior of space. Suppose that all matter is involved in the process of expansion, decay. That is, a stone crumbles into grains of sand, which crumble into molecules, atoms. Atoms then fall apart into elementary particles. And, it seems, the whole process of decay of space (matter) is over. However, no.
What is an atom? This is some combination of elementary particles. That is, in the center of a certain volume of space protons and positrons are located, and electrons are located around them. However, some of these combinations correspond to the atom of a strictly defined chemical element.
So, let's look again at the results of the decay of matter from the point of view of probability theory. After decay, elementary particles must be distributed absolutely randomly, which will lead to the existence of an infinite set of the options described above, electron groups around protons that form nuclei. It is not difficult to guess that out of an infinite number of variants of such a grouping, there will certainly exist variants corresponding to the requirements for the arrangement of elementary particles in the atom of an element.
That is, certain groups of elementary particles will necessarily take place that completely coincide in their elementary composition with the atoms of chemical elements — atoms of chemical elements. And then, arbitrary groups of atoms will certainly correspond to the concept of any molecule, etc.
The process of decay of matter has led to the emergence of matter. From what they left, to that they came. What conclusion can be made? The conclusion is simple: matter is unchanged, its composition is constant. And, if there will never be a moment of final decay of matter, then it is not known whether there was a moment when matter was formed. All these considerations again led us to only one thing - there is no time. Nothing in this world is changing. Everything is permanent.
6. Parallel worlds
There is a statement about the presence in the same place at the same time of a certain number of different worlds. Such worlds are called parallel, and the inhabitants of each of them may not even suspect the existence of each other. Check the correctness of this judgment.
Assume that the worlds are absolutely parallel. That is, they do not intersect. Consequently, in one elementary point of space there are several single matter at once. Then, in the limit, the size of our elementary point in space is zero, and at zero no one, two, or three different elements of matter can exist, since the element of matter still has some volume other than zero.
In order to place matter in space, it is necessary that this cell of space is not equal to zero, but be the size, at least not less than one unit of matter.
August 13th, 2014
Physicists made a shocking statement - time does not exist. For a person, time definitely exists: we wake up in the morning, move forward in time during the day, and at some point go to bed, and in a dream, we continue to move forward in time. The old adage “time does not wait” seems quite fair, right?
The problems began when Einstein's general theory of relativity, which describes the laws of physics on a large scale, ran into quantum physics - a field that tries to describe the smallest particles in the universe, and the theory of particle-wave dualism, which claims that light is both waves and particles, first tested.
For many years, physicists have tried to combine two areas that do not correspond to each other by compiling the Great Unifying Equation, believing that, despite the scale, everything in the Universe should be interconnected - from particles to galaxies. Bryce de witt
A little over 40 years ago, two brilliant physicists John Wheeler and Bryce-De Witt developed such an equation. However, their discovery immediately seemed controversial, because if the equation is correct, then such a thing as time does not exist at the most fundamental level of matter.
Although the concept is confusing, it seems to be true, and what we subjectively perceive as “time” is actually a measurable effect of global changes in the world around us. And the more we delve into the world of atoms, protons and photons, the less relevant the concept of time becomes.
This opinion is confirmed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST is the custodian of the world's most accurate atomic clocks, according to which all the other clocks in the world are checked. Scientists from NIST claim that their ultra-precise watches do not measure time at all: time is determined by the marks on the watch. In fact, time allows us to create order in life: if we hadn’t come up with such a thing as “time”, there would be complete chaos around.
Physics seems to agree with this.
Scientists from the Bistra Research Center in Ptyu, Slovenia, have put forward the theory that the Newtonian idea of \u200b\u200btime as an absolute measure that moves on its own, and that time is the fourth existing dimension, is wrong. They proposed replacing these concepts of time with a new look that is better correlated with the physical world: time is just a numerological order of physical changes.
But let's dig deeper in this direction ...
Modern philosophical science defines space and time as universal forms of existence, coordination of objects. Space has three dimensions: length, width and height, and time is only one thing - the direction from the past through the present to the future. Space and time exist objectively, outside and independently of consciousness.
By this definition, time is another form of existence of objects. The second form.
But can there be a second form of existence? Can there be a piece of wood in the shape of a chair and at the same time in the shape of a table?
The wording does not clarify the issue: time has only one dimension - this is the direction from the past through the present to the future.
What is the future? The future is surreal, it does not exist in reality, it is an image.
The present is also arbitrary, and may be somewhere at the junction between the future and the past, with zero coordinates.
The past is that which is no longer there, it is rather a symbol, the same image. All these concepts have no physical meaning, which casts doubt on the very concept of time as a form of existence of matter.
In science, the main argument is experience. Who and when set up experiments proving the existence of time in nature?
Nobody seemed to do this, fearing to be in the role of a man looking for a black cat in a dark room, where it might not be. With some examples, we will try to clarify this problem.
Earth's movement in time
In nature, everything moves and is constantly changing. Planet Earth, having passed a segment of the path in its orbit, not only changes its coordinates in space, but also changes itself. She's getting different.
Having mentally fixed the Earth at any point, we will not get it the same at any other point. Therefore, is it possible to say that the Earth has passed such a segment of the path for such and such a time when the "that" Earth is already gone?
We cannot return to the "yesterday" of the Earth, not because time has one direction, but because the "yesterday" Earth is gone. She, like everything in nature, is constantly changing.
Day and night. Seasons.
An observer located in the middle latitudes on Earth sees the day and knows that a few hours ago it was night. From his experience, he makes the logical conclusion that after a few hours the night will fall again.
From here he concludes that the occurrence of events is periodic and that they exist in time. Also for him periodically exist in time summer and spring, winter and autumn.
But if this observer is placed in a spaceship flying in an orbit around the Sun, then he will not observe the change of day or night. He will always have day on the side of the ship facing the Sun, and night on the opposite side. The frequency in this case disappears.
Being at the equator of the Earth, the observer will not be able to determine the changing seasons. At the equator they are not.
It follows that the periodicity of the change of day and night, as well as the seasons, cannot serve as confirmation of the objectively existing time.
Sound
A very convincing confirmation of the existence of absolute time is sound. It exists for a long time, from occurrence to extinction. From which it is concluded that sound exists in time.
Sound appears during vibration of a substance (string, etc.) and propagates in the wave vibrations of air.
Sound exists in a gaseous medium, water and solids in the form of weak mechanical disturbances. Subjectively assessing the duration of the sounding process, we identify it with time.
There is no air on the nearest neighbor of the Earth, the Moon, there is no sound there. There is no sound anywhere in the universe. Therefore, hearing a sound, while in the air while on Earth, conclude that sound exists in time logically, but subjectively.
Nature
It is well known that all life on Earth lives and develops in time. Everything has its beginning and end. A grain planted in the ground sprouts and develops. Over what period of time has the sprout reached its maturity?
Nature does not pose this question. All living things grow and develop, in accordance with the laws of wildlife. You can not tear off the period from the moment of planting the grain until it ripens from the general process of life and assume that this period is time.
This period is part of the general process of the Earth’s development, maturing of the soil, planting of grain, its maturation. The grain will then fall to the ground and give a new life, and so without end.
And here the concept of time looks subjective. The misconception is that the development process is secured and identified with time.
Clock
Richard Feynman (1918-1988), an American theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum electrodynamics, adhered to the definition: time is just a clock.
“Moscow time is 12 hours,” we hear on the radio, “16 hours in Novosibirsk, 19 in Vladivostok.” The Japanese in Tokyo have only five hours of difference with Moscow. It’s more convenient for them.
What is this absolute concept of time, which can be so freely treated? Let's look for the answer to this question. To do this, we will carry out an experiment. Mentally.
Imagine that we are in the stadium and see how an athlete ran a hundred-meter race in 11 seconds. In the second race, he improved his result to 10.5 seconds. What happened?
Here's what happened: the second time the athlete ran faster, and his running time was reduced. Time is a secondary value, time depends on how fast the athlete ran and distance.
Let us leave the concept of absolute time alone, and return to a convenient time for understanding everyday life. Its appearance in the mind of man goes back centuries, it is convenient with him, and humanity has always tried to keep it under control.
All kinds of devices were invented and built: a solar, water and hourglass, a pendulum clock with a weight. They invented a spring watch, a chronometer, a stopwatch and, finally, an electronic and atomic clock. And they all replace us with what is not in nature.
In Russia there was no concept of time. They said this: we will meet on two bast shoes. This is when your shadow is equal to the length of your two bast shoes. Moreover, people of different height and length of the bast shoes are different, but proportional to its growth. It turned out pretty accurately, but only in sunny weather.
From past to future
Speaking of time, it’s good to recall the words from the song: “... There is only a moment, between the past and the future ...” - a moment is nothing. Strictly speaking, there is no real, it does not exist. The future is constantly flowing into the past. In the present, in this moment, in this nothing is time, or rather the illusion of the existence of time.
If you define time as a concept that encompasses the past and the future, then it consists of the past, which is no longer and the future, which is not yet. In this case, time consists of two quantities that are not. Therefore, there is no whole.
Is the time near?
Time exists always and everywhere. The time created by the human mind surrounds us from all sides: in everyday life, in science, art, philosophy.
In philosophical understanding of the existence of matter, we agree that one of the smallest particles of matter - an atom, moves slowly in space and that motion and space, speed and distance determine time.
But then a counterargument arises from the subconscious: everything exists in time! Time always exists! And unconsciously, time becomes some kind of superspace formation, time becomes a kind of all-consuming monster, and only because the subconscious is full of time.
It is also impossible to assume that time exists in parallel with space because space is infinite. Nothing, including time, can exist “next to” space.
Airplane
A plane flew in the sky with a roar. An observer on earth believes that while the plane flew from one point in the sky to another, time passed. This is the normal everyday assessment of an event.
The root cause of this event was Reason, which created the aircraft, airfields and ground services. The plane was created for transportation. While he is standing on earth, there is no time for him.
When the plane picks up speed and takes off, the so-called flight time will depend on the speed and the path made by the plane. Time is a derivative. At first there was speed, speed.
Big explosion
If we consider the hypothesis of the Big Bang, as a result of which the Universe appeared, the question arises: when did the time appear? Before the explosion, at the time of the explosion, or when Homo sapiens appeared, a person thinking? The creators of the hypothesis do not give an answer.
The thinking person asks the question: if Time once appeared, then in the form of what? And with what properties?
They can answer us that Time is the gap between two events. But this gap appears only as a result of human comprehension. If we do not fix them in our consciousness, then the events are objectively separated in space with the irreversible movement of matter.
Time arises in our minds. And our consciousness replaces the irreversibility of the motion of matter with the passage of time, believing that this is a property of Time.
No less interesting is the theory of the anisotropic Universe, according to which matter is compressed and expanded in different parts of the Universe.
Confirmation of contracting matter can serve as black holes in which space and time are compressed. As a result, the thesis appears that the direction of time changes: in a black hole it becomes the opposite.
In time with a changed direction, the subsequent event should occur earlier than the previous one. Figuratively speaking, under the influence of time in a black hole you can see how a dead person comes to life, how he becomes younger and returns to where he was born.
Thus, one can call into question the whole coherent theory of the anisotropic Universe, if we do not take into account the illusory nature of the existence of time.
At the household level
A man sat on the sofa, watched TV and got up from the sofa. Between the "sat" and "got up" time passed, the man believes. He went outside and crossed to the other side. As he crossed the street, time passed, the man reasoned.
A person unknowingly splits the continuous process of life into separate events and perceives the gap between them as time.
All processes, from the smallest occurring in a person’s life, to global ones, such as flashes on the Sun, exist irrespective of time. Having discovered two flashes on the Sun, we perceive the gap between them as time.
Unconsciously separating the gap between flares from the entire process of the sun’s existence, we fall into the illusion of the existence of time.
From part to whole
Our thought processes involuntarily set milestones, landmarks. A person cannot cover everything at once. We see a large building, and our eyes begin to glide over its details. Based on these details, we judge the building as a whole. And here lies the possibility of error.
Upon closer inspection, the building may turn out to be a props made at a film factory. You cannot live in this layout. Having made a generalization of the details, we can draw erroneous conclusions about the whole.
Shrinking and scattering galaxies have been discovered in world space. After compression, an explosion probably occurs and a new star appears, and the expansion process is underway. In another place, another appears, and we conclude that one star appeared earlier and the other later in time.
In fact, compression and expansion are ongoing. They are numerous and do not coincide in amplitude. Otherwise, the universe would be homogeneous.
Having set the milestones at the moments of the discovery of new stars, we succumb to the illusions of the time in which their appearance is spread and, summarizing, we say that the stars and galaxies themselves exist in time.
Trumpet
An oil pipeline several hundred kilometers long was built in Siberia. Oil began to be pumped into it. At the other end of the pipeline, oil will not be available soon. We say that time must pass before oil appears at the consumer. Here is an argument in favor of the existence of time. But let's not rush.
Time in our case is characterized by a delay between the moment the pump is turned on and the appearance of oil at the other end of the pipe. What caused this delay?
First, we answer the question of what caused the pumping of oil. The root cause was Reason, which created a pump for pumping, pipes and related equipment. When the pump began to work, oil, due to its viscosity, could not immediately appear on the other end of the pipe.
If gas were pumped into the same pipe, it would go the same distance faster. In a fiberglass cable, light would travel this distance almost instantly. Oil retention is caused by viscosity, friction in the pipe, turbulence, and the like, objective reasons.
Other things being equal, the transit time for different substances through our pipe is different, but we add that the time is measured, not absolute.
The process of pumping oil exists objectively, but if you mentally remove the pipe from this process, the motivation for expectation, and with it the time, will disappear.
Newton is about time
Isaac Newton in his "Mathematical Principles" of 1687 distinguishes between:
1. Absolute, true, mathematical time, otherwise called duration.
2. Relative, apparent or ordinary, time is a measure of duration used in everyday life: hour, day, month, year.
We emphasize: absolute mathematical time does not exist in nature. The mathematics created by the human mind is just a reflection of nature in scalar, numerical quantities. In comprehending Newton’s first definition, one must not fall into a logical trap: time is absolute and ... the second definition of Newton’s time escapes attention. In fact, the second definition absorbs the first.
In theoretical developments, we always fall into the “Newtonian trap” and talk about time as something really existing.
The motion of matter is characterized by speed. If it is necessary to compare the speed of movement of two bodies, it is necessary to determine the same segments of the path and introduce some general conditional value comparable with rhythmic natural processes.
Usually use the daily rotation of the Earth. One 1440th part is a minute. This is the conditional quantity (time) with which you can compare the speed of movement of our bodies under investigation.
For convenience, we divide the path by time and get speed. But dividing the path into time is just as absurd from the point of view of mathematics as dividing okroshka into bicycles, not portions.
The philosopher Emanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that time as such does not exist at all, that it represents only one form of human perception of the world, the so-called relational.
Bees in the universe
Einstein's theory of relativity reveals the fact that the simultaneity of events is not absolute, but relative. This moment cannot cover the entire Universe. There cannot be one and the same instant for the whole world. There is no single "now" in the world that separates all past and future events. Each system has its own “now”, its past and future.
There must be a vast multitude of such systems in the world. But it is enough to take two systems to understand that between them there should be a boundary of the existence of time. The whole world space in this case will resemble a honeycomb, each with its own time and space. The illusion of the existence of time leads us to this conclusion.
Einstein's GRT states that space and time are curved as a result of gravity. It is difficult to challenge the great maestro, but we are obliged to point out inaccuracies.
Space, by definition, is infinite, and infinity, which has no boundaries, cannot be curved. The structure of space can, under the influence of gravity, become denser in some parts and, as a result, discharge in neighboring areas. Trajectories of moving bodies may be bent, but not space itself.
Time cannot be warped, because it simply does not exist in nature.
Who discovered time in nature and where did he register his discovery? What properties does time have? The definition of time as the duration, the duration of a process requires a tool to measure it.
If we begin to measure the time between any phases of the state of matter with the help of a rhythmically working mechanism, for example, hours, then the time will always differ with different measurements.
Because the next measurement will occur at a "different" time. The experiment will have its own time, we ourselves will also be in our own time, and those who are not involved in the experiment will also live in their own time.
One can only hope for some kind of Universal Time, which, based on the special theory of relativity, cannot be. There can be no single “now” due to the fact that no information can be transmitted at a speed greater than the speed of light. Each frame of reference will have its own time (conditional), Einstein said.
What does the textbook teach
In any school physics textbook, we find a diagram of a moving body. In the diagram, in the framework of Euclidean geometry, in view of the impossibility of depicting three-dimensional space on the plane, the applicate is discarded, and the time coordinate is displayed in its place.
Typical time-space diagram
If Time exists in nature, then the time coordinate cannot be depicted in this way, because on the diagram, time at the zero point of coordinates falls inside matter, or vice versa - matter is inside time.
But if we understand that Time is a conditional concept, then the conditional coordinate of time has the right to be!
With this example, we are once again convinced of how great the illusion of the existence of Time.
To summarize the preliminary results
At the household level, the existence of time is obvious and not in doubt. Based on the evidence, a logical conclusion is made, which is rooted in the mass consciousness: Time was, is and will be.
This conclusion, in which the psychological factor dominates, is not based on objective data, experiment, which is why it gives a distorted picture of understanding the essence of time, which looks reliable. Here lies the illusion of the existence of time.
In this regard, one cannot but recall our compatriot Russian philosopher Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (1853-1900).
He defined time as the basic condition for any finite existence and said that time does not allow either an empirical (based on experience) explanation of origin or a rational (rational) definition of its essence.
And when they say that time is the order of phenomena in their sequence (read - in time), then the definition turns out to be an obvious tautology: time is determined by time.
All philosophical explanations of the time that do not represent idle words are metaphysical in nature and will be considered under the names of philosophers.
Phase theory, or how to prove the absence of nonexistent?
Our mind in the movement of matter usually distinguishes its individual states, and the person perceives the gap between them as time. Successive states of matter in the human mind merge into a single "river of time."
An analogue of this movement can be a film on which individual moments of body movement are captured. At a projection speed of 25 frames per second (it is more accurate to say in one 86400th part of the Earth’s revolution around its axis) in our brain, the movement of the body becomes cohesive, constant.
In separate frames, we see the image of a defunct past in its phases. It is impossible to fix the future, since it does not exist in nature.
Any movement can be considered as consisting of separate phases. Therefore, we can say that matter is in constant phase motion.
The most obvious examples are the phases of the moon, which appears before us every night in its new phase. The process of plant growth is composed of seed germination, stem growth, the appearance of leaves and so on. It clearly illustrates the phase development of biological objects. In the animal world, we also observe the phase development of an individual.
Moon phases
The phases of the moon most clearly illustrate the phase development of biological objects (illustration from sanford.com).
The concept of “phase” is so natural that it is not customary to talk about it. But in this case, it focuses on the fact that any movement that seems to be cohesive, in fact, consists of separate segments called phases.
Now it becomes clear that the gap between the phases of the state of objects must be considered as the distance between them, and not as time.
Matter constantly moves with a certain speed, and speed is the distance over an artificially created rhythmic period.
Of particular importance is the concept of the phase existence (motion) of matter in quantum theory.
The introduction of the concept of “phase” in the determination of the properties of matter removes the constantly emerging illusion of the existence of time. It becomes clear that time is not a natural phenomenon, but a phenomenon of the human mind.
The phenomenon of time spontaneously arises in the mind of a person whenever he comprehends the duration of a phenomenon or event.
Matter exists in three-dimensional infinite space in constant relative phase motion.
And finally
A man comes into the world, into a society with established traditions and postulates. From childhood, a person absorbs the concepts that exist in society. It is psychologically difficult for him to question the seemingly obvious truths. But between the "apparent" and the truth - a huge distance.
The great illusion of time lies in everyday consciousness and extends to the greatest minds of science.
Statements about time:
Alberti L:
Three things belong to man: soul, body and time (... e se pure alcuna si pateva chiamare nostra queste erana le sole tre - ... anima, corpo e tempo).
Antiphon:
Time is thought or measure, not essence.
Aristotle:
Among the unknown in the nature surrounding us, the most unknown is time, because no one knows what time is and how to manage it.
Zeno of China:
Time is the distance of movement.
Tsiolkovsky K .:
Time may exist, however, we do not know where to look for it.
Cicero:
And it doesn’t even fit in my thoughts, so that there would sometime be a time when there was no time.
Shakespeare W.:
Time goes on for different people differently.
V. Istarkhov:
In fact, there is no time, as a real entity existing in itself that is not connected with anything external. And what does exist? And it is precisely this external thing that exists - real processes exist. And time is just a means of measuring them. Time is a “centimeter” and nothing more. Without this external, time not only does not exist, it loses all meaning.
Just as there is no length as the primary entity. Length is a means of measuring something external, really existing. Just as there is no weight as a primary entity. Weight is a means of measuring something external,
really existing.
There will not be this really existing - there will be no need for the concepts of “weight”, “length”, “area”, “volume”, “time”. All these dimensional categories do not exist on their own, they are secondary and tied to something external. Weight of what? The volume of what? What area? What time?
No time in itself flows anywhere, either absolutely, like Newton’s, or relative, like Einstein’s. The real processes of the manifested world flow (move). There will be no processes, there will be no need for the concept of “time”.
Scientists from the Bistra Research Center in Ptyu, Slovenia, have put forward the theory that the Newtonian idea of \u200b\u200btime as an absolute measure that moves on its own, and that time is the fourth existing dimension, is wrong. They proposed replacing these concepts of time with a new look that is better correlated with the physical world: time is just a numerological order of physical changes.
This view does not mean that time does not exist, but rather that time is more connected with space than with the idea of \u200b\u200babsolute time. In other words, if the concept of four-dimensional space-time presupposes the existence of three spatial dimensions and one temporal, then the new paradigm says that it is more correct to present space-time as four dimensions of real space. Which means that the universe is inherently “timeless”, writes sunhome.ru
In two recent Physics Essays publications, Amrit Sorley, David Fiscaletti, and Dusan Clinar explain that we are used to thinking that time is an absolute quantity that plays the role of an independent variable (time t is often delayed on the X-axis of graphs representing the evolution of the physical system ) But as they notice, we never actually measure t. What we measure is the frequency and rate of change of an object. But in itself, t is just a mathematical quantity, and does not have a physical existence.
“Minkowski space is not three-dimensional + time, it is four-dimensional,” scientists write in their article. “The point of view that considers time as a physical entity in which material changes occur is replaced here with a more convenient point of view in which time is just a numerological order of material changes. This point of view is better consistent with the physical world and better explains instantaneous physical phenomena: gravity, electrostatic interaction, and many others. "
“The idea that time is the fourth dimension of space has not made much progress in physics and, strictly speaking, is in conflict with the formalism of the special theory of relativity,” they say. “Now we are developing a paradigm for three-dimensional quantum space based on the work of Max Planck. Apparently, the universe is three-dimensional from the macro level to the micro level in the Planck volume, which is three-dimensional. In this three-dimensional space there is no “length reduction”, there is no “time dilation”. What really exists is the speed of material changes in the relativistic Einstein sense. ”
Researchers offer an example of this concept of time: imagine a photon moving between two points in space. The distance between these two points consists of Planck distances, each of which represents the smallest distance that a photon can travel (the fundamental unit of this movement is Planck time). When a photon travels the Planck distance, it moves exclusively in space, but not in absolute time, scientists explain. A photon can be thought of as moving from point 1 to point 2, and its position at point 1 “precedes” its position at point 2 in the sense that number 1 precedes number 2 in numerological order. And the numerological order is not equivalent to the temporal order. In other words, number 1 does not exist before number 2 in time, but only in numerological order.
If we abandon the use of time as the fourth dimension of space-time, the physical world can be described more accurately. As physicist Enrico Prati noted in a recent article, Hamiltonian dynamics (equations in classical mechanics) are generally well described without the concept of absolute time.
Other scientists point out that the mathematical model of space-time does not correlate with physical reality, and suggest that "untimely" space will allow the creation of a more accurate model. In addition, scientists are studying the issue of falsifiability of these two definitions of time.
The concept of time as the fourth dimension of space - that is, the fundamental physical entity in which the experiment takes place - can be falsified by an experiment in which time does not exist, scientists say.
An example of an experiment in which time is not represented as a fundamental entity is the Columbus experiment; mathematically, this experiment takes place only in space. On the other hand, in the concept of time as a numerological order of changes, space is the fundamental physical entity in which the experiment takes place. In turn, this concept can be falsified by an experiment in which time (measured by hours) is not a numerological order of material changes, and a similar experiment is still unknown.
“The Newtonian theory of absolute time is not falsifiable; you can neither prove it nor deny it - you are forced to believe in it, ”says Sorley. “The theory of time as a fourth dimension of space is falsifiable, and in our last article we proved that there are good reasons to believe that it is erroneous. Based on experimental data, we can say that time is what we measure with the help of the clock: and with the help of the clock we measure precisely the numerological order of material changes, that is, the movement in space. ”
In addition to a more accurate description of the nature of physical reality, the new concept of time also allows us to resolve the Zenon paradox of Achilles and the tortoise. In this paradox, the swift-footed Achilles gives the turtle a head start in the race. But although Achilles runs ten times faster than a turtle, he can never catch it, because for every unit of the path that Achilles runs, the turtle also goes 1/10 of this path. Thus, every time Achilles reaches the point at which the tortoise was located, it is always ahead of him. And since the conclusion that Achilles will never catch up with the tortoise is obviously false, there are many different explanations why the argument of this paradox is erroneous.
The paradox can be resolved by redefining speed in such a way that the speed of each of the runners stems from the numerological order of their movement, rather than their movement and direction in time. From this point of view, Achilles and the tortoise move only through space, and Achilles can overtake the tortoise in space, but not in absolute time.
In addition to this, it should be said that some recent studies have cast doubt on the theory that the brain imagines time with the help of “internal” clocks that emit neurological tics. Instead, the theory assumes that the brain represents time in a space-spaced manner, detecting the activation of various groups of neurons. And although we perceive events as occurring in the past, present or future, these concepts can be just a psychological frame in which we simply experience material changes in space.