The meaning of the word is therefore. Is the word “means” separated by commas or not? “So”: is a comma necessary? Therefore stands out

Verbs, names and adverbs in a sentence can act as introductory words, which in one way or another - grammatically, lexically, intonation - express the speaker’s attitude to what he is reporting.

Compare two sentences:

This question, it seemed made it difficult for the guest.

Face his it seemed calm.

In both examples the word is used it seemed , but only in the second case is this word included in the members of the sentence: there it is part of a compound nominal predicate.

In the first example the word it seemed serves only to express the speaker’s attitude towards what he is reporting. Such words are called introductory words; they are not part of the sentence and can easily be omitted, for example: This question... made the guest difficult. Please note that in the second sentence, skip the word it seemed impossible.

Compare some more examples in the table:

Take it with you By the way, our books.
This phrase by the way, reminded me of an old joke.

These words are spoken By the way.

This phrase was said by the way.

Words separated by commas can be removed from a sentence without destroying its meaning.

By the way, from the first sentence you can ask the question HOW?
To the phrase BETWEEN OTHERS, you can ask the question WHEN?

Many words can be used as introductions. But there is a group of words that are never introductory. Read two sentences:

There will obviously be a good harvest this year;
There will certainly be a good harvest this year.

The first sentence uses the word obviously, in the second – certainly . Although these words are very close in meaning, only the word from the first sentence is separated by commas and is introductory. The words presented below need to be remembered: they are very similar to introductory ones, but they are not commas are not separated:

PERHAPS, SUDDENLY, SUDDENLY, SO, HARDLY, STILL, EVEN, EXACTLY, AS IF, JUST, CAREFULLY, MANDATORY, ALMOST, ONLY, ALLEGEDLY.

Introductory words can convey five different types of meaning:

Most often, with the help of introductory words, the speaker conveys various degree of confidence in what he reports. For example: You will undoubtedly do well on the exam. or It seems like you need to study more. This group includes the words:

OF COURSE, OF COURSE, UNDOUBTEDLY, UNDOUBTEDLY, WITHOUT A DOUBT, UNCONDITIONALLY, ACTUALLY, SEEMED, PROBABLY, POSSIBLY, POSSIBLY.

Introductory words can also convey feelings and attitude speaker to what he is communicating. For example: Unfortunately, you did not pass the exam very well.

FORTUNELY, UNFORTUNATELY, SURPRISINGLY, UNFORTUNATELY.

Sometimes introductory words indicate on The source of information, which is reported by the speaker. Introductory phrases in this case begin with the words BY MESSAGE, BY WORDS, BY OPINION. For example: According to doctors, you need to stop training for a while.

The source of the message may also be the speaker himself (IN MY OPINION, IN MY OPINION) or the source may be uncertain (THE SAY IS HEARD). For example: They say you will have to stop training.

ACCORDING TO THE MESSAGE, ACCORDING TO WORDS, ACCORDING TO OPINION, ACCORDING TO RUMORS, SAYING, HEARD, IN MY OPINION, IN MY OPINION, IN YOUR OPINION.

Introductory words are also used For organizing thoughts and indications of their connections with each other. For example: Firstly, this participle is formed from the verb perfect form; secondly, it has dependent words. Therefore, it must contain two letters N.

FIRSTLY, SECONDLY, THIRDLY, FINALLY, CONSEQUENTLY, MEAN, SO, OPPOSITE, FOR EXAMPLE, ON THE CONVERSE.

There are also sentences where introductory words indicate on way of organizing thoughts. For example: In a word, everything went well.

IN OTHERWISE, IN ONE WORD, IT IS BETTER TO SAY, TO SPEAK SOFTLY.

Introductory words also include words that serve to attract attention interlocutor:

YOU KNOW (KNOW), UNDERSTAND (UNDERSTAND), LISTEN (LISTEN), SEE (SEE) and others.

These same meanings can be expressed not only by introductory words, but also by similar predicative constructions (introductory sentences). Compare: The snowfall will probably end soon And The snowfall, I think, will end soon. Except for commas, for emphasis introductory sentences parentheses or dashes may be used. This is done when introductory construction is very common and contains additional comments or explanations. For example:

We're passing through our village once, years ago - how can I tell you without lying - about fifteen years old. (Turgenev)
Alexei (the reader already recognized him) Meanwhile, he gazed intently at the young peasant woman. (Pushkin)

The rule for separating introductory words and sentences has several very important notes.

If the introductory word is preceded by the conjunction A or BUT, then a comma is not always placed between the introductory word and the conjunction. Compare a couple of sentences:
The doctor finished the appointment but of course, will look at a seriously ill patient.
He gave his word and consequently, must restrain him.

The introductory word can be rearranged or removed without a conjunction only in the first case, therefore a comma is required between the introductory word and the conjunction. It is impossible to do this in the second sentence, which means there is no comma.

Very often difficulties arise in sentences with the words HOWEVER and FINALLY. The word HOWEVER is highlighted only when it cannot be replaced by the conjunction BUT. Compare two sentences:
However we understand that this figure is still low(HOWEVER = BUT) . Bye, however, we don't yet have a clear picture of what's happening(HOWEVER - introductory word).

The word FINALLY is introductory only when it does not have a spatial or temporal meaning, but indicates the order of thoughts. For example:
I hope that in the near future this project finally will be implemented. AND, finally, The last thing I would like to draw your attention to.

Introductory words can begin a separate construction, for example, a clarifying phrase. In this case, a comma is not placed after the introductory word (in other words, the comma, which was supposed to “close” the introductory word, is moved to the end of the separate phrase).

I saw, or rather felt, that she was not indifferent to me.

In addition, a comma is not placed before an introductory word located at the end of a separate phrase.

For the holidays we decided to go somewhere, to Kolomna for example.

If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate construction, then it is separated by commas on a common basis.

I decided to declare my love, feeling, it seems, in my heart that she was not indifferent to me.

If introductory words are located before a phrase beginning with the words “how” or “so that,” then they are separated by commas.

The day she lived seemed meaningless to her, in fact, like all life.
He thought for a moment, probably, to find the right words.

Exercise

The portraits hung opposite the mirror.
On the contrary, he didn’t even change his face.
On the one hand_ I completely agree with you.
On one side, the coin depicted a double-headed eagle.
The truth is always better than a lie.
I_really_ was somewhat surprised by this news.
In spring_possible_flooding.
There may be a flood in the spring.
Everyone in our city is already talking about this.
In Greece_ they say_ everything is there.
Maybe you deigned to express yourself this way for the beauty of the style? (Gogol).
According to weather forecasters, it will be colder next week.
As scientists say, global warming awaits us.
The train leaves in an hour_ therefore_ we need to leave the house.
Fortunately_ Pechorin was deep in thought (Lermontov).
We have gathered here_first_to resolve the issue of the timing of the work.
He didn’t want to shoot himself - thank God - he didn’t want to try... (Pushkin).
Of course_ you have seen the district young lady’s album (Pushkin) more than once.
In one word, you got off easy.
So_ now we can draw a conclusion.
“You don’t bother me at all,” he objected, “if you please, shoot yourself, but as you please; your shot remains behind you; I am always ready at your service (Pushkin).
She suffered for a very long time after separation, but as you know, time heals any wounds.
The wind, however, was strong.
Fedya brought flowers_ however_ Masha didn’t like it.
A strong, yet warm wind blew through the window.
A good upbringing, as we know, can be achieved in boarding schools (Gogol).
However_ there are various improvements and changes in methods... (Gogol).
You_ definitely_ should come to us.
I took the ace of hearts from the table, as I remember now, and threw it up (Lermontov).
However, General Khvalynsky himself did not like to talk about his career; He seems to have never been to war (Turgenev).
You will become wild_ you know_ if you live locked up all the time (Gogol).
He was probably a grateful person and wanted to pay for his good treatment.
You supposedly had to come to his office and report on the trip.
Yes_ I confess_ I thought so myself.
I still decided to do it my own way.
Ivan Petrovich, you know, was an extraordinary man.
Nobody, of course, went to see him (Turgenev).
Gleb, as far as I knew, studied well at the Bryansk gymnasium (Paustovsky).
But perhaps the reader is already tired of sitting with me at Ovsyannikov’s house, and therefore I eloquently fall silent (Turgenev).
My arrival—I could have noticed it—at first somewhat confused the guests.
However_ the political process began to develop in a different way.
In my last report, I hastened to inform you that we finally managed to solve this problem.
The experiences of transformations that happened around us had, without a doubt, a strong influence on the thoughts of the majority of people involved in them (M. M. Speransky).
A group of border guards led by an officer approached the violators with the intention, as had happened before, to protest and demand that they leave the territory.
Finalization of the agreement will probably take several more months.
Secondly, there are a lot of abuses in the field of international tourism.
However, if we remain committed to the spirit and letter of this document, it could not have been otherwise.
We all know well, and everyone here knows well, that on the western, or as they say, the second front, about 1.5 million Allied troops and about 560 thousand German troops were concentrated.
This modest, symbolic gesture seems to me to be full of deep meaning.
Fortunately, the examples mentioned above are the exception, not the rule.
Increased baggage value may be claimed for certain types of items.
The reason for this is obvious: when the mind begins to recognize the price of freedom, it dismisses with carelessness all the children's toys, so to speak, with which it amused itself in its infancy (M. M. Speransky).
Pravda_ spoke to me politely, did not force me to do anything, and I remember having the impression that he did not look at all these accusations seriously.
But in our case, the truth quickly came out, and we were soon released.

To understand whether and where to put a comma when using the word “therefore”, you should pay attention to the meaning of the lexeme. Whether "therefore" is separated by commas or not depends entirely on the context.

The word “therefore” is separated by commas

On both sides

If “therefore” is used as an introductory word (in the meaning of “thus”, “therefore”) and is located inside a sentence, it is separated by commas on both sides.

We therefore leave immediately.
The video cameras worked, and it turned out, therefore, that he was innocent of forgery.

Before the word

A comma is placed only before “therefore” when the word acts as a conjunction (meaning “and therefore”, “and therefore”).

The students were well prepared for test work, hence they will not get bad grades.
He often writes at night, so the light stays on for a long time in the room.

After the word

1. After the introductory word “therefore,” a comma is placed when it is at the beginning of the sentence.

Therefore, only one conclusion suggests itself.
Consequently, the celebration will take place at the appointed time.

2. If before “therefore” at the beginning of a sentence there is a connecting conjunction (“but”, “yes”, “a”, “and”), a comma is placed after the lexeme.

And therefore, he recognized her only thanks to a conventional sign.
Therefore, we will reschedule the meeting until tomorrow.

3. If “therefore” after a coordinating conjunction (usually “a”) cannot be eliminated from the sentence (without loss of meaning or structure), then a comma is placed only after the word. It is not separated from the union.

Examples of using the introductory word “mean” at the beginning of a sentence

Here are sentences in which a comma is placed after “means”; in them this word or its synonyms should appear at the very beginning:

So you won't go to school today?
Therefore, classes were canceled today?
So, homework weren't you asked?
Thus, today I am absolutely free.
So, take your jacket and go home.
Therefore, you will still have time to get to the stadium.
This means you will be free soon.
So, we'll wait.
Therefore, it needs to be redone.
So, pull yourself together, think.

As can be seen from these examples, the meaning of the sentences is not entirely clear. This is because the introductory word “means” expresses the relations of consequence. That is, it needs context before it. Let's consider these examples.

The introductory word “means” in the middle of a sentence

In these cases, please note that a comma is also placed before “means” and its synonyms, that is, this word is highlighted on both sides:

Classes were canceled today, so you won't go to school today?
The school is in quarantine starting today, so lessons are cancelled.
There were no classes today, therefore, you were not assigned homework.
We weren't given any homework, which means I'm completely free today.
If you have already finished work, then take your jacket and go home.
You were released earlier, so you will still have time to get to the stadium.
Today is a shortened day, so you will be free soon.
Mom won’t be back soon, so we’ll have to wait.
There are a lot of mistakes in your work, therefore, you need to redo it.
You completed the task with errors, so pull yourself together and think.

Comma checking

Let us remember that the placement of commas in introductory words is checked by omitting them:

Classes were canceled today, won't you go to school today?
There is a test for the Unified State Exam at school, are classes canceled today?
There were no classes today, you were not assigned homework.
We weren't given any homework, I'm completely free today.
If you've already finished work, take your jacket and go home.
You were released earlier, you will still have time to get to the stadium.
Today is a shortened day, you will be free soon.
Mom won’t be back soon, we’ll wait.
There are a lot of mistakes in your work that need to be redone.
You completed the task with errors, pull yourself together, think.

As you can see, it is quite possible to remove this introductory word from a sentence without compromising the meaning. The punctuation mark is still present; in these cases, it separates simple sentences within complex ones. The comma has nothing to do with the word “means”.

Not introductory

The word “means” is separated by commas or not. Let's consider the conditions under which no punctuation is required. Firstly, it must be a predicate, and then it will be impossible to remove it without damaging the meaning of the statement, and secondly, a question can be posed to it from the subject, from which a question is posed to the dependent words.

For example:

Family (what does it do?) means (to whom?) everything to me.
It doesn't (what doesn't?) mean anything.
Yes (what does it do?) it means something.
His word means a lot (what does it do?).

In all these sentences, the word “means” does not use a comma.

Work with text

Let’s say we need to write down the numbers of sentences in which the introductory word “means” is separated by a comma:

1) Grandma loves music very much, but her career as a pianist somehow didn’t work out. 2) And she strives with all her might to make Alyosha a musician. 3) And the dream of seeing her grandson become a famous artist means a lot to her. 4) She finds that Alexey even looks like the young Paganini.

5) None of the family personally knows this famous violinist, but dad dares to claim that he had black eyes and a thin pale face framed by tar-colored hair. 6) Alyosha has a chubby face, rosy cheeks, blue eyes and fair hair. 7) This means that there is no complete coincidence of external signs. 8) But the grandmother stubbornly insists that the similarity lies in the depths of her eyes, and her grandson’s eyes glow with the same inspiration as those of the famous Italian. 9) Only she sees this. 10) Everyone else finds that in the boy’s eyes there is complete calm, which is sometimes only slightly mixed with slyness.

11) The grandson’s musical career is still not going well, and in order to somehow get things moving, the grandmother decides to use a trick. 12) One day she answers questions from a riddle concert and sends a letter to the editor on behalf of her grandson. 13) And a few days later, the announcer, in a surprised voice, reports on the radio that a second-grade student correctly answered eleven out of thirteen questions, which means that he takes second place in the music quiz. 14) In addition, she notices that the child’s answers are not childishly thorough and intelligent, which indicates that music at his school is taught at the highest level.

15) But in fact, music was not taught at Alyosha’s school at all: they could not find an intelligent teacher. 16) But after Alyosha’s victory in the music competition, I had to find him right away. 17) After all, others began to beg to exchange experiences. 18) “If you have such successful students, it means you have excellent music teachers,” the directors of Alyosha’s school told the director educational institutions cities - don’t be greedy, share.”

19) Alyosha’s grandmother was jubilant: it means that her idea was beneficial after all, even if not her grandson, but at least someone would become a great musician with her direct participation.

The correct answer will be this: with the introductory word “means,” a comma is placed in sentences 7, 18, 19.

Hence And ( obsolete) CONSEQUENTLY
1. introductory word So, it turns out. Mistakes are made and the score is therefore reduced.
2. union. So, as a result of this, therefore. You are angry, therefore you are wrong.
A (s) therefore, the union is the same as therefore (in 2 meaning).

Examples of using the word hence in the context

hence

Hence

hence