Playwright and poet (1796 - 1871). He studied at the Moscow noble boarding school. He began to study literature on the advice of Merzlyakov. At the ceremonial ceremony of the noble boarding school in 1810, his poem was read: “Friendship.” In 1814 he entered the service of the Ministry of Justice and became close to Derzhavin, Karamzin, Olenin, Krylov, Gnedich and others; in this circle his literary views were established. Since 1815, Sushkov's name began to appear quite often in various periodical publications, where he published poems and small critical notes. At the same time, Sushkov began to get involved in theater, wrote the vaudeville "Tenier", translated "Metromanie" by Piron, staged the play "Surprises", wrote a comedy in verse "The Duelists". In 1820, Sushkov moved to the department of mining and salt affairs and began compiling a historical and statistical description of salt springs, salt works and rock salt; excerpts from this research were published in Otechestvennye Zapiski (1821), Siberian Bulletin (1821) and Mining Journal (1827). Later, Sushkov served in the provinces, was the ruler of the office of the Vilna Governor-General, vice-director of the Dorpat Ministry of Railways, and the Minsk governor. In 1841, he left the service, settled in Moscow and took up literature again, but failed from the very first steps. The poem “Moscow” he wrote met only with mockery from Otechestvennye Zapiski, Sovremennik and other magazines; In general, his name became synonymous with a mediocre writer. Although his dramatic works were occasionally staged at benefit performances of famous actors of the time, they were also not successful. Separately, Sushkov published: “Sappho,” lyrical tragedy (Moscow, 1823); "Poverty and Charity" (Moscow, 1847); "Memories of the Moscow University Noble Boarding House" (Moscow, 1848); "Comedy without a wedding" (Moscow, 1849); "Rout", literary collection (Moscow, 1852 - 54; 3 books); "Moving Tables" (Moscow, 1853); "The Book of Sorrows", poems (Moscow, 1855); "Moscow University Noble Boarding House" (Moscow, 1849); "Modern issues and suitors of all times", comedy (Moscow, 1858); "Notes on the life and times of St. Philaret" (Moscow, 1868); "Memories of Metropolitan Joseph and the destruction of the union in Russia" (Moscow, 1869). Wed. K. Batyushkov “Works” (vol. 1 - 3); Shaft. Maikov "Critical experiments". See also articles: Kavos (K.A., A.K., I.K., Ts.A.) ; Sushkov Mikhail Vasilievich; Sushkova Maria Vasilievna; Tuchkova Margarita Mikhailovna; Filaret (in the world Vasily Mikhailovich Drozdov); Khrapovitsky Alexander Vasilievich; Khrapovitsky Mikhail Vasilievich.
Nikolai Vasilievich Sushkov
15/26 XI 1796, Moscow (?) – 7/19 VII 1871, Moscow
Poet, playwright
Graduate of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, full member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature at Moscow University
Nikolai Vasilyevich Sushkov belonged to a noble Moscow family. His father, Vasily Mikhailovich, was the governor of Simbirsk in the era of Paul I; mother, Maria Vasilievna (née Khrapovitskaya), is a famous writer and translator. N.V. Sushkov studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. After completing the course in 1814, he moved to St. Petersburg and served in the Ministry of Justice (where he had been registered since 1807). In 1818 he moved to the Department of Mining and Salt Affairs. Subsequently, he was the ruler of the office of the Vilna Governor-General, vice-director of the department at the Ministry of Railways, and the governor of Minsk. In 1841, leaving service, he settled in Moscow.
In his youth, on advice, he began to write poetry. At the ceremonial ceremony of the Noble Boarding House in 1810, his poem “Friendship” was read. In the mid-1810s in St. Petersburg, Sushkov became close to the circle and published poems and critical notes in “Son of the Fatherland”, “Amphion”, “Well-Intentioned”, “Russian Hermit”, “Competitor of Enlightenment and Charity”, “Muse of Russian Poems” and other publications. He was fond of theater: he composed the comedy in verse “The Duelists”, the vaudeville “Tenier”, the lyrical tragedy “Sappho”; staged the play “Surprises”; translated the comedy in verse by A. Piron “La Metromanie”. In 1855, the University Printing House published the only collection of Sushkov’s poems, “The Book of Sorrows,” which included 38 poetic works written between 1818 and 1855. His later poetic works were not successful; Thus, his work “Moscow, a poem in persons and action in five parts” (M. 1847) was mocked by a number of magazines.
In 1848, Sushkov first published his memoirs about the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. Ten years later, in 1858, a new, expanded edition of the memoirs was published with a poetic dedication:
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To you, childhood comrades, relatives - Native by upbringing in Moscow! To you, members of the young friendly family! To you, citizens, in the past Flocking from all sides to the walls Abodes and valor and knowledge! Its gates were open to us, To the novices of science!... brothers! to you I bring souls memories About bright days, about that sweet time, When, in the silence of a beneficial shelter, At the happy dawn of the coming days, We listened trustingly and obediently Lessons of gentle love! When, Companions of Excellent Work Towards the development of the mind and heart, maturity There are good seeds of wisdom in us - And together we are - the soul is full of love To the fatherland - we strived together towards the goal He must prepare servants within himself! Everything - feeling, thought, activity, leisure, Everything is a gift to him!.. Trust in God, With an infant's prayer, in simplicity, We all believed in our calling!.. We believed in a captivating dream. What will we bring to the altar of our fatherland? Useful and good deeds - To her glory! that life without reproach - Through labors and exploits, light will pass!.. And He is our good-natured friend and mentor! He believed in us, blessing us At the solemn hour of separation from children, That the pure ones are obedient to his love - We will leave names to posterity!.. And he’s gone!.. and he’s alive, a man of calling! Alive! memories of him will not die! His whole life was dedicated Fatherly cares of education!.. Drooping under the weight of old age! But cheerful in spirit, but great in faith, He rested and was guided by the blood of Christ, Prayers of grateful people!.. Accompany him, friends, with love! He loved us children like a parent. |
Sushkov became the first biographer of Moscow Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov), with whom he was closely acquainted. Soon after the death of the latter, on December 3, 1867, he read excerpts from his notes about the saint in a public meeting of the OLRS, and the following year he published them in full: “Notes on the life and times of St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow.” (M., Type. A.I. Mamontov). The book was highly appreciated by contemporaries. Thus, he wrote to his daughter Catherine:
N.V. Sushkov died in 1871 and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
N.N.Pertsova, A.V.Ulanova
Main sources: [SCHOLRS, RV 1871]
Sushkov (Nikolai Vasilyevich) - playwright and poet (1796 - 1871). He studied at the Moscow noble boarding school. He began to study literature on the advice of Merzlyakov. At the ceremonial ceremony of the noble boarding school in 1810, his poem was read: “Friendship.” In 1814 he entered the service of the Ministry of Justice and became close to Derzhavin, Karamzin, Olenin, Krylov, Gnedich and others; in this circle his literary views were established. Since 1815, Sushkov's name began to appear quite often in various periodical publications, where he published poems and small critical notes. At the same time, Sushkov began to get involved in theater, wrote the vaudeville "Tenier", translated "Metromanie" by Piron, staged the play "Surprises", wrote a comedy in verse "The Duelists". In 1820, Sushkov moved to the department of mining and salt affairs and began compiling a historical and statistical description of salt springs, salt works and rock salt; excerpts from this research were published in Otechestvennye Zapiski (1821), Siberian Bulletin (1821) and Mining Journal (1827). Later, Sushkov served in the provinces, was the ruler of the office of the Vilna Governor-General, vice-director of the Dorpat Ministry of Railways, and the Minsk governor. In 1841, he left the service, settled in Moscow and took up literature again, but failed from the very first steps. The poem “Moscow” he wrote met only with mockery from Otechestvennye Zapiski, Sovremennik and other magazines; In general, his name became synonymous with a mediocre writer. Although his dramatic works were occasionally staged at benefit performances of famous actors of the time, they were also not successful. Separately, Sushkov published: “Sappho,” lyrical tragedy (Moscow, 1823); "Poverty and Charity" (Moscow, 1847); "Memories of the Moscow University Noble Boarding House" (Moscow, 1848); "Comedy without a wedding" (Moscow, 1849); "Rout", literary collection (Moscow, 1852 - 54; 3 books); "Moving Tables" (Moscow, 1853); "The Book of Sorrows", poems (Moscow, 1855); "Moscow University Noble Boarding House" (Moscow, 1849); "Modern issues and suitors of all times", comedy (Moscow, 1858); "Notes on the life and times of St. Philaret" (Moscow, 1868); "Memories of Metropolitan Joseph and the destruction of the union in Russia" (Moscow, 1869). Wed. K. Batyushkov “Works” (vol. 1 - 3); Shaft. Maikov "Critical experiments".
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Sushkov, Nikolai Vasilievich
Playwright, poet and journalist; born on November 15, 1796. His father was the Simbirsk governor under Emperor Paul, his mother was at one time quite famous writer and translator. S. was brought up in the Moscow Noble Boarding School and here, under the influence of Merzlyakov and the literary circles formed in the boarding school, he began to write. His first attempts were already so successful that in 1810 one of his poems - “Friendship” - was honored to be read at a solemn boarding act. After graduating from a boarding school course (1814), S. entered the service of the Ministry of Justice, where he had been an employee since 1807. In St. Petersburg, where he moved because of his service, S., despite his extensive connections in aristocratic spheres, lived quite modestly and worked mainly in the literary sphere. Here he became close to Derzhavin, Karamzin, Krylov, Gnedich, Olenin and others; It was in this circle that his literary tastes and views were finally formed.
Since 1815, S. began to be published in a number of periodicals: “Son of the Fatherland,” “Amphion,” “Blagomarnenny,” “Russian Hermit,” “Competitor of Enlightenment and Charity,” “Muse of Russian Poetry.” and others, where mainly his poems and small critical notes appeared. Around the same time, S. turned to the theater and wrote the drama “Tenier, or Anecdote in Persons” for the home stage; a little later it was supposed to be staged even on the Hermitage stage (printed only in 1850 in Arapov’s “Dramatic Album”). For the home stage, his translation of "Metromanie" by Piron and a small original play "Surprises" were intended, for which he got into trouble from Miloradovich (the latter in one of characters plays saw hints of Peter I).
In 1818, S. joined the service of the first department of mining and salt affairs, where he began compiling a historical and statistical description of salt springs, salt works and rock salt. Selected excerpts from this work were published in Otechestv. Zapisk. (1821) and "Sibirsk. Vestn." (1821), and after some time in the “Mining Journal” (1827) - a study related to the previous one: “About the Elton and Crimean salt lakes.” In the winter of 1822, S. was appointed advisor to the salt department of the Tauride government expedition and moved to Simferopol. Previous studies in the study of salt production helped him quickly navigate the new place, and in a short time, through the expedient organization of the business, he significantly increased the treasury's income from it. In 1825, he was transferred to a member of the Bessarabian Supreme Council in Chisinau, where, for unknown reasons, at the end of 1827 or at the beginning of 1828 he had a duel that ended in the death of his opponent. Under the influence of this incident, which always tormented him, he subsequently wrote the play “Dueliots” in verse, which was performed several times on the Moscow stage. For the duel, S. was sentenced to several months of fortress and spiritual repentance, which he wished to serve in Moscow. Here, under the influence of Moscow Metropolitan Philaret, a spiritual revolution gradually took place in him, and S., who had previously treated issues of faith indifferently, became a man of faith. highest degree religious in the spirit of Orthodoxy; this turning point was reflected in his entire subsequent life and work, as well as in his later works. Having served the established church repentance, he enlisted in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and moved to St. Petersburg, but already in 1830 he was sent to Mitava as the chairman of the “Commission for revising zemstvo taxes in Courland”, and soon after that he was appointed manager of the “office of the head of the temporarily formed, on the occasion unrest in the Western Territory, from the Zhmud districts of the region." After the suppression of the Polish uprising, he was transferred to Vilna as the ruler of the office of the Vilna Governor-General N.A. Dolgorukov. In 1835, Count was invited. Tollem to the post of vice-director of the only department of communications at that time, and in 1838 (the same year he got married) he was appointed governor of Minsk. His governorship in Minsk coincided with the activity of Joseph Semashko, who strived for the reunification of the Uniates. Having become, under the influence of Metropolitan Philaret, a staunch supporter and defender of the ruling church, S. was more than sympathetic to Semashko’s activities, and his too straightforward policy on this issue cost him the governor’s seat. After that, he completely left the service and settled in Moscow forever. When in 1845 M.I. Muravyov, the then manager of the survey corps, invited him to enter the service as his comrade, S. refused in very characteristic terms for him: “I am not ambitious and not covetous,” he wrote to Muravyov; therefore, over time, tying a ribbon from one shoulder to the other, or growing from excellency to excellency and a quarter, is not food for my pride, and bothering about rent when I have lived 50 years without wealth is too late and unnecessary.”
From 1818 until his resignation, S., absorbed official duties, completely stopped studying literature (only in 1823 did he publish the previously written “lyrical tragedy” in 3 parts “Sappho”), lost all previous literary connections during this twenty-year period, and most importantly, completely lost his spiritual connection with new literary trends and directions. The time of pseudo-classical tragedies and comedies written in Alexandrian poetry has irrevocably passed, a new literary era has begun, the era of Westernism and Slavophilism. Accustomed to the harmless journalism of 1815-20, S. did not understand new role literature, the new role of magazines, the role of newly emerged criticism, etc. “My literary field,” says S. himself, casting a retrospective glance at his literary activity, “is broken in two; the middle between the two halves is filled with official activity. At one end - youth and success, at the other end - old age and hindrances." The essence of the matter was, of course, rooted not only in “old age and hindrances,” it lay much deeper - in new conditions that S. could not grasp, to which he was completely alien. And when, having settled in Moscow, he again took up literary activity, he failed from the very first steps. At the suggestion of “Moskvityanin” to honor the 700th anniversary of Moscow with a literary work, S. wrote the poem “Moscow”, in which he tried to characterize in verse and in person the main moments in the history of the development of the ancient capital. The poem met with harsh reviews from all the magazines and critics of the time. The drama "Poverty and Charity", published shortly after this, was completely passed over by critics in silence. Regarding the sharp attacks on “Moscow,” S. responded with a pamphlet of a polemical nature: “A few words on the reviews of magazines about the poem “Moscow,” but this further worsened the attitude of magazine criticism toward himself.
S.'s works on stage enjoyed much greater success. Although the dramatic poem "Moscow" and the drama "Poverty and Charity", despite all their innocence, were not allowed to be staged by censors, a small play published in "Moskvityanin" (1849): "Comedy without a Wedding" was played repeatedly. In addition, between 1850-1858. The following plays of his, written and published during the same period of time, were performed at benefit performances of prominent artists: “Rakans” (1850, benefit by Sadovsky), “Moving Tables” (1853, benefit by Semenova), “Moldavian Kukona” (benefit by Shchepkina) , "Mazogin" (1852) and "Modern Questions and Suitors of All Times" (1858).
At the same time, S. wrote not for the theater. In 1885 he published a collection of poems entitled "The Book of Sorrows", and between 1851-53 he published three collections of an almanac entitled "Rout". The third of them contained an article by S. “Wagon train to posterity,” which contained his personal memories of the writers of that time. The article caused a number of libels against the author from disgruntled writers. He had to endure something similar after the publication in 1864 of “Memoirs of Tuchkov, the Moscow Governor-General.” In 1858 he published the book “Moscow University Noble Boarding House”, a very valuable work that provides abundant material for the history of this privileged educational institution and impartial characteristics-memories of many people who studied there and subsequently became prominent statesmen. Finally, his “Memoirs of the Life and Times of St. Philaret” date back to 1868. His death found them replenishing them. IN last years S. was a member of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment, which had the goal of disseminating scientific, theological and historical information. S. died on July 7, 1871.
"Index to time-based publications of General History and Ancient Russia." appl. to the "Russian Archive", 1866, Nos. 1007, 1063, 1170, 1171, 1251, 1454, 1493, 1569, 1573, 1600, 1601, 1653, 1710. - "Collected I. Russian History. General .", t. XXVI, p. 218. - "Works by K. Batyushkov." - V. Maikov, “Critical Experiments”. - Shchebalsky, “A Writer of the Old Time”, “Russian Vestn.”, 1871, No. 11. - “Information about Russian writers who died in 1871”, “Russian Archive”, 1873, No. 8, p. 1506-1507. - "Funeral homily of Archpriest I. Rozhdestvensky", "Moscow Eparch. Vedom", 1871, No. 29. - Obituaries: "Russian Archive", 1871, No. 10, p. 1473, - "S.- Petersburg. Ved.," 1871, No. 41. - "Obituaries", 1871, No. 36. - "Voice", 1871, No. 40. - "Calendar for 1872", Gatsuka, p. 245.
(Polovtsov)
Sushkov, Nikolai Vasilievich
Playwright and poet (1796-1871). He studied at the Moscow Noble Boarding School. He began to study literature on the advice of Merzlyakov. At the ceremonial ceremony of the Noble Boarding House in 1810, his poem “Friendship” was read. In 1814 he entered the service of the Ministry of Justice and became close to Derzhavin, Karamzin, Olenin, Krylov, Gnedich and others; in this circle his literary views were established. Since 1815, S.'s name began to appear quite often in various periodical publications, where he published poems and small critical notes. At the same time, S. began to get involved in theater, wrote the vaudeville "Tenier", translated "Métromanie" by Piron, staged the play "Surprises", wrote a comedy in verse "The Duelists". In 1820, S. moved to the department of mining and salt affairs and began compiling a historical and statistical description of salt springs, salt works and rock salt; excerpts from this study were published in Otech. Notes, 1821, Sibirsky Vestnik, 1821, and Mining Journal, 1827. Later S. served in the province, was the ruler of the office of the Vilna Governor-General, vice- director dpt. min. ways of communication, Minsk governor. In 1841, he left the service, settled in Moscow and took up literature again, but failed from the very first steps. The poem “Moscow” he wrote met only with mockery from Otech. Notes, Sovremennik and other magazines; In general, his name became synonymous with a mediocre writer. Although his dramatic works were occasionally staged at benefit performances of famous actors of the time, they were also not successful. Separately, S. printed: “Sappho,” lyrical. tragic (M., 1823); "Poverty and Charity" (Moscow, 1847); "Memories of the Moscow Univ. Noble Boarding House" (M., 1848); "Comedy without a wedding" (M., 1849); "Rout", literary collection (M., 1852-54; 3 books); "Moving Tables" (Moscow, 1853); "Book of Sorrows", poem. (M., 1855); "Moscow University Noble Boarding House" (M., 1849); "Modern issues and suitors of all times", com. (M., 1858); "Notes on the life and times of St. Philaret" (Moscow, 1868); "Memories of Metropolitan Joseph and the destruction of the union in Russia" (Moscow, 1869). Wed. K. Batyushkov, “Works” (vol. 1-3); Shaft. Maikov, "Critical experiments".
(Brockhaus)
Sushkov, Nikolai Vasilievich
d.s. s., playwright and biographer; R. November 15, 1796, † July 7, 1871 (according to the inscription of the tombstone).
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