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"LANGUAGE IS THE CONFESSION OF THE PEOPLE ..."
Fedoryuk Lidia Vladimirovna
Municipal educational institution
"Secondary school number 31",
komsomolsk-on-Amur
The article reveals the paramount importance of language culture in the spiritual and moral development and education of students. Acquaintance with the original cultural values \u200b\u200bof the peoples inhabiting Russia contributes to the formation of not only moral values, but also the development of the language culture of students.
Spiritual and moral development, language culture.
Spiritual and moral development and upbringing of students are the primary task of the modern educational system and represent an important component of the social order for education. Education is assigned a key role in the spiritual and moral consolidation of Russian society. "Native land, its history," wrote Academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, "the only basis on which the growth of the spiritual culture of the whole society can be realized." A society is only capable of setting and solving large-scale national tasks when it has a common system of moral guidelines. And there are these landmarks where they keep respect for the original culture and for the original cultural values, for the memory of their ancestors, for every page of our national history, for the native language. Back in the XII century, Prince Vladimir Monomakh compiled and called "Teachings" the first written rules of conduct, which, in particular, said: "Do not pass by a person without greeting him, but say a good word to everyone when you meet ...".
“Language is the soul of the people. Language is living flesh ... feelings, thoughts. " These words belong to the great poet-educator, reformer of the Kazakh language Abai. And the Russian poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky defined the role of language in the spiritual life of the people:
Language is the confession of the people,
His nature is heard in him,
His soul and life is dear ...
Language is an integral part of the general culture of the people. Speech serves as a vivid and, as a rule, unmistakable characteristic of the cultural and spiritual level of everyone. Students unmistakably confirm what has been said about the language with proverbs: The tongue feeds the head. Without a tongue and a bell is mute. A lame word is a lame speech. He who speaks sows; he who listens collects. The word stabs more than an arrow.
“The language of a people is the best, never fading and eternally blossoming again, the color of its entire spiritual life ... The language inspires the entire people and their entire homeland; in it, the creative power of the people's spirit is transformed into thought, into a picture and sound of the sky of the motherland, its air ..., its fields, mountains and valleys ... But in the light, transparent depths of the folk language, not only the nature of the native country is reflected, but the whole history of the spiritual life of the people ", - these words belong to Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky. Let's read the statement of Erasmus of Rotterdam, a Renaissance humanist, theologian, and Dutch writer: "Language is the best mediator for establishing friendship and harmony." And here are the words of the great Leo Tolstoy: “The word is a great deed. Great, because a word can unite people, a word can separate them ... Beware of a word that separates people. " “What do you think unites all these statements of great people? To what irrefutable conclusion does the wisdom accumulated over the centuries by the best minds of mankind lead us? " - I ask such questions to my students. All answers boil down to one thing: at all times, the language was considered the most important spiritual treasure of any people.
The nature of the country and the history of the people, reflected in the human soul, were expressed in the word. Man disappeared, but the word he created remained an immortal and inexhaustible treasure of the national language ...
Language is both old and forever new!
Death can be prevented with words
Words can revive the dead ...
Language is the most alive, the most abundant and strong connection, uniting the outdated, living and future generations of the people into one great, historical, living whole. Working on proverbs and sayings, I propose to the 6th grade the following task: to draw a portrait of the people, but not with paints, but with proverbs, i.e. indicate which qualities are appreciated by the people, which ones are condemned. Introducing classmates to Kazakh proverbs: a diamond blade is a comrade in war, a kind word both in war and a feast comrade; kindness comes from the heart, meanness comes from strength; On the table, poverty will redeem generosity for the soul - students celebrate the kindness, nobility, and spiritual generosity of the Kazakh people. Azerbaijanis are taught to be hospitable, to be sensitive to children, to have spiritual purity: a house without a guest is a mill without water; the child's desire is stronger than the order of the padishah; all the troubles of a person from his tongue; the friend looks in the face, and the enemy in the legs. Ingush and Kirghiz proverbs call for respect for elders: a house with old people is a rich house; you will honor your father and mother - you will learn honor from your son. Tatar people talk about the importance of patience and kindness: the bottom of patience is pure gold; the precious stone is not lying on the ground; there is a soul - there is also hope. Each nation speaks its own language, but wisdom is one - we come to this conclusion at the end of the conversation.
Active classes in grade 5: "Heart words", "Honest words", "We are friends with kind words", "Give a deed and a kind word", "We are able to communicate" - gave the opportunity to talk about the tradition of a kind word. The students talked about how many kind words bequeathed to us by our ancestors are able to heal and reconcile, comfort and warm, instruct and save. The guys with great pride named the words that their parents say to them, noting their importance - they give a person confidence and calm the conscience. The word in everyday life has its own rules. Our contemporary, a Moscow priest, Father Artemy Vladimirov, wrote about them very accurately in the book "Textbook of Life".
“Rule one: think what you say. In other words, weigh in your mind the word that is on the tip of your tongue. Think hard and then just talk. And sometimes you won't regret it.
Rule two: don't say what you don't think. Do not be cunning, do not be crooked. Better to be silent than telling a lie.
Rule three: do not say everything that you think. This rule advises to correctly evaluate the interlocutor and his emotional disposition. Will it benefit him what you intend to say? Does he need to hear your opinion on this issue? Will you betray someone else's secret with your careless word? In short, not everything that you think, say. "
When studying the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the 8th grade, students successfully explored the spiritual sources of the poet's inspiration, and with examples from the works of the great poet, they were able to prove that Alexander Sergeevich knew the Russian language as a unique instrument. The legacy of the Genius teaches students the correct Russian speech (both oral and written), contributes to the manifestation of its vivid expressiveness, replenishes the vocabulary, making the student more confident when communicating with adults, instills a taste for good correct speech, because a person's speech culture is a mirror of him spiritual life.
“Take care of our language! Our beautiful Russian language! .. You cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people! ”- this is the testament of the brilliant expert of the Russian language Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. The writer seemed to have foreseen our time when the issue of preserving the Russian language is acquiring such a large-scale character. The younger generation already has difficulty accepting the works of the classics of Russian literature, blurring the line between Akunin and Chekhov, Dontsova and Pushkin. That is why writers and poets, publicists and linguists in their works not only call for the purity of speech, but also give practical advice to their readers. Grade 10 students share their reflections on how S.Ya. Marshak in the article "Thoughts about words" says that it is necessary to protect the language from clogging, remember that the words that we now use will serve many centuries after us to express more ideas and thoughts unknown to us, to create new, not amenable to our foresight, poetic creations. The famous "Letters to Youth" by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev deserve special admiration. Tenth graders share their impressions. With deep pain, the Russian literary critic speaks about the Russian language, noting that people do not follow the purity of their speech, they clog it with unnecessary words. And the language, according to the academician, unites the people, the nation. “… You need to learn to speak and write all the time. Language is the most expressive thing that a person possesses, and if he stops paying attention to his language, and begins to think that he has already mastered it sufficiently, he will retreat. You must constantly monitor your language - oral and written - ”. Thus, our language is the most important part not only of our behavior, but also of our personality, our soul and mind.
“Once a certain noble person visited the monastery and found that its inhabitants live very poorly, denying themselves even the necessities. A noble visitor regretted this in a conversation with the abbess and offered a large donation to improve the material life of the sisters. But the abbess objected:
The sisters of this monastery, thank God, do not need your treasures, since each of them has enough of their own treasures.
Where are these treasures?
They keep these treasures in their hearts.
The visitor thought for a moment, and then asked:
What is the most valuable treasure of the sisters of your monastery?
The abbess answered, also thinking:
The most precious treasure for any person is the gift of speech. It is the imprint of divinity; this is a sign that he who has this gift is not an earthly being, but a heavenly one.
But I noticed that the nuns use this gift very little.
Yes, ”Elizabeth continued,“ because it is a treasure. Tell me, what would become of your wealth if you started indiscriminately and thoughtlessly scattering it right and left? What would become of your expensive dress, which you would start to put on carelessly and carelessly in all work and in all weather? So is the gift of speech. If we use it carelessly and unwisely, then it will soon lose its meaning and all meaning. On the contrary, when each pearl is taken out of the treasury with due care and care, and when these pearls, these beads are distributed to the needy with proper judgment, then this treasure is of great importance and is never depleted. "
—Novitskaya Danielle
Tallinn Mustamäe Real Gymnasium, grade 11, Estonia
Essay on the topic "Language is the confession of the people: Its nature, His soul and life are heard in it ..."
1st degree diploma
What is the native language for the people? It is difficult to answer this question more precisely, more meaningfully than the ability to do this to the famous Russian critic, historian and poet P.A. Vyazemsky. As a confession - a story about the most intimate - the language tells everything about the people who created it. Undoubtedly, the language of each nation is unique and beautiful in its own way. But how beautiful and expressive the Russian language is! It is in it, as in a precious box, that the foundations of the worldview and worldview of the Russian person, his aspirations, joy and sadness are hidden. How often amazingly beautiful words “hello” and “thank you” sound. Do we know their deep meaning? I confess that I only recently discovered it for myself: hello - be healthy; thank you - respecting you, I am ready for a good deed in return (thank you!); thanks - God save for a good deed. And if the speech of one person is the expression of his soul, then the language of the people is a way of expressing national self-awareness.
Yes, language, like a thin invisible thread, connects the past and the present, connects generations that have lived, live and future. Each word is a "living witness of history", which carries a reminder of a certain period of time, but it is also a message to descendants, in which the most intimate is concentrated - the centuries-old spiritual experience of the people. And here I cannot help but remember what significance Russian literature has for us ... It is this that is the unique value of the people, since it combines the sacred power of the word and spirituality. For me, acquaintance with the work of F.M. Dostoevsky was truly a revelation ... How often, analyzing the novel "Crime and Punishment", we used the expressions in the lessons: "to live according to conscience", "to be guided by conscience." And only then a true understanding of these words came to me: it means “to live the conscience” given by God, that is, according to the ten commandments.
Language is not only the history of a people, but also its feelings, faith, its nature and life. After all, the direct existence of the Russian people is a river and a forest, a steppe and a field. Listen to how much space and breadth there is in each of these words! This is how the immense breadth of the Russian character is affirmed in the language, corresponding to the immensity of the Russian vast expanses:
Oh you, wide steppe,
Free steppe,
You are wide, mother,
Stretched out.
A Russian person in a folk song, with the help of an amazing figurative language, personifies the world of nature, projects his emotional experiences onto it, affirming the fusion of man with nature. We comprehend this personification of nature with a special heart-pinching sadness in Thin Rowan:
Why do you stand rocking
Thin rowan,
Head bowing
Until the very tyna?
The wealth of the Russian language is not at all in the number of words, it is in imagery, expressiveness, and perfecting power. The Russian language, like any other native language, unites the people. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the native language for a person. “... A person, deprived from the first years of his life of the opportunity to develop his powers by the language of his homeland, among strangers accepts their language as if his native: so an orphan, being brought up in a strange family, becomes natural to her and a kindred feeling ...<…> the development of a person's spiritual forces begins and is supported, ”wrote I.I. Sreznevsky. The native language is part of the human soul. And everyone has the power to look into this interesting world, the world of the native Russian language, study it, comprehending amazing secrets, and try to pass it on to others. Each native speaker contributes to his life and development, to the significance and beauty. The language consists of this - of the languages \u200b\u200bof individual people, united by them, the Language of the people, "... in which one can hear its nature, its soul and the way of life of its native ...".
And literature
Teikovo, 2013
"Language is the confession of the people ..."
Language is the confession of the people,
His nature is heard in him,
His soul and life is dear ...
P. Vyazemsky
Our world is full of wonders. Isn't it a miracle that we can talk to people who are far away from us, for example, on a space station? Or watch live broadcasts of concerts of your favorite singers, which take place hundreds of thousands of kilometers from us? Is it just a miracle? Among the various wonders and temptations of the modern world, we have forgotten about one more - the most amazing - our native language ...
What does language mean to a person? This is an amazing, unique phenomenon! The native language is a whole world of words that reveals the surrounding life in all its diversity.
"Language is the confession of the people ..." Let us think, why confession? There was a word “vedati” in the Old Russian language, and it meant “to know, to have”. From him came the word to tell - to tell. And here is your confession - "a frank story about everything that is, including the most secret." It seems to me that it was in this sense that Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky, the famous Russian poet of the 19th century, used this word. The language reveals its secrets to us, reflects everything that was in the fate of the people who created it. “The people reflect themselves most fully in their language. One nation and language cannot be represented without the other, ”said another famous person of the 19th century, historian and philologist Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky. Perhaps we will be convinced of these truths for ourselves ...
Everyone knows that language is the most important means of communication. But in order to become this indispensable means of communication, the language must have a certain set of qualities. First of all, everyone who speaks it must know the language. There is an agreement between people that they call the house home, and the sky - the sky.
But it so happens that not all words are known to speakers of a given language. They are used only in a certain area. These are dialect words. In appropriate quantities, they add flavor to speech and do not interfere with perception. I believe that dialect words are a miracle, a storehouse of language, its memory ...
Visiting my grandmother's niece, participant of the Great Patriotic War, Evdokia Ivanovna Semyonova, I spent the first vacation in my life. The village of Studenets, which many of my friends and classmates have never heard of, stands on the banks of the ancient Nerl River. There were several houses in this village, almost only old people lived in them. In the evenings they gathered at someone's house for a samovar, sang songs and had conversations.
I have never seen such samovars - a huge, pot-bellied, polished to a shine by the caring hands of Evdokia Ivanovna, it reflected my face with distortions, which aroused my genuine interest. Everything was interesting, especially the conversations and songs. That summer I heard many amazing words unfamiliar to me and, perhaps, then for the first time in my life I felt my inseparable connection with my homeland, the land of my ancestors.
To make it more convenient to talk about my little discoveries in the field of my native language and not only, I propose to take a short trip into village life.
There is such a word, I think, is known to many - five-wall... "He has a big house - five walls!" - I heard and became interested: four walls are visible, but where is the fifth? Then the old men explained to me that this wall is cut, it is in the middle of the house and you cannot see it outside, that there are usually five windows on the facade of such a house. I began to look closely at the village houses and saw that they are all different, although they are similar to each other.
And the Russian stove! Around her, the life of a peasant family went on as usual. The stove heated, fed, treated, served as a place for rest. And how many words associated with it I learned then ... Here, for example, hog (stove wall), six (a platform in front of the mouth of the stove, they put a pot of dough here, and then baked bread), stove (a small depression in the oven, mittens and socks were dried there in winter), grip(a tool in the form of a spear for removing pots from the stove). And once my attention was attracted by a round hole in the stove, closed by a lid. Explained to me what it is called samovar, and serves in order not to take the samovar out of the house in winter, it was connected to the stove through an L-shaped pipe.
In Studenets I heard for the first time the word "whorl", and then I saw the object itself. This is such a hand mixer or something, as they call it now. The whorl is placed vertically and quickly rotated between the palms. A whorl was made from a piece of dry pine trunk with diverging branches (they are whorled - at the same level). In ancient times, a good housewife had up to 5 whorls: a large one for bread dough, a smaller one for steep white dough or mashed potatoes, even less for batter. And the smallest, with seven branches, was only used for whipping egg whites, and was not used for anything else. There is a saying: "Farewell, dough and whorl - the old devil has gone on a spree" ...
Many such words have gone out of active use due to the fact that there are few such houses and such stoves left, the way of life of people has changed, now many have natural gas, electric samovars, mixers, multicooker. And the words of these ancients are a pity, they are beautiful, truly Russian, they smell like something old, dear ...
I heard the word tub, it was clear that this is a bucket, but since they use a different word, it means that it’s an unusual bucket ... And surely, my guess was correct, there is a subtlety here - this is a wide, low wooden bucket, they get water from the well.
“I'm going to get some water,” I said once. And Evdokia Ivanovna and my grandmother almost unanimously: “If you go for water, you won't come back! Walking on the water - that's how to say. " In fact, in the word water one can hear that it “leads” somewhere, that is, it serves as a path, a road, as it was for our ancestors, because then they moved mainly along rivers.
And with the word bridge in general there was a funny case! about some man of violent disposition: "He was such a character, took offense, left and slept all night on the bridge!" "Wow! - I thought, - why didn't the cars run over him? " And then I learned that the bridge in this area is called the cold corridor in the house, the canopy.
How many new words I learned that summer from the field of culinary!
I still remember the delicious rhubarb pies freshlandsbaked by our skilled hostess. The filling tasted like sweet and sour apples, but more tender and a hundred times tastier.
Early morning, I wake up from the melodic clinking of dishes in the kitchen (grandmother and Evdokia Ivanovna got up early) and an unusually subtle smell of dough and country cottage cheese ... They call for breakfast: "Drink milk with kuzhenki." Oh, the day begins with a new word, what kind of culinary masterpiece is this, kuzhenka!? I look at the table and see: these are cheesecakes. It is a little annoying that the word is so easy to guess, but the taste of these little cups did not leave a trace of this disappointment.
I, who hated cabbage in all its forms, ate cabbage soup by both cheeks. Still, she herself cut off the head of early cabbage in the garden, which, however, the locals called maggot... And from the top leaves of cabbage in the fall, many cook horse, that is, a preparation for winter cabbage soup, which is then cooked with meat, or rather, languished in the bowels of a Russian stove in a cast iron.
Talker here they call an egg without an embryo, not a chatty person ...
Gonobel- a word that is quite common in our area, but it is not known to residents of other regions. “Good pies with gonobel,” my grandmother used to say. This mysterious berry turned out to be an ordinary blueberry, but the pies with it are really extraordinary ...
Prkutka - another rather transparent word in which its meaning is clearly heard. A small shed, attached to the solid outbuildings, used to store a small amount of firewood and household equipment.
The little fire that we made one evening to bake potatoes, my grandmother called teplinka... And this word breathed with such warmth and tenderness, a light smoke, which even now carries away to distant childhood.
Many natural phenomena also had their own names. Here are just a few of them.
Bucket- clear, quiet, dry weather. “A thunderstorm breaks away, and it blows away,” my grandmother used to say.
Infuriated - the weather is improving, the weather is walking. But there is the village of Yaryshevo in these parts! So this is what its name means, it means that from the side where this village is located and the weather was good, in that direction the bucket began to walk and began.
Blizzard-podderukha - so often my grandmother characterized inclement winter weather. I remember this word, it was somehow accurate, apt. I hear him, and the images of Pushkin's "Demons" appear before my eyes, a chill runs through my body ...
Rime and drizzle - these words were distinguished by the locals. Izmoro sb is such a frosty snowball, and frost fromb - very light and cold autumn rain.
There were many words to describe a person, his condition and actions. Worthwhile - correct, intelligent, business person. Rogue - a sly man. Obotur - stubborn, rude, stubborn and secretive person. Balakhryst - lazy person. Kulema - a slow person. Procurator - prankster. Bololo - a chatty, unnecessary person, a deceiver. Overwhelmed - tired. Podradela - took care, tried. Bulgachit - to excite, alarm, disturb. Slander - goes around idle.
Dialect words serve as an addition to the basic vocabulary of the language, to well-known words. This is a kind of local “spice” to common vocabulary. However, at present, under the influence of the media, young people forget local words and are embarrassed to use them in their speech. Is this good or bad? If dialect words, imagery, stylistic coloring disappear from our speech, and our speech becomes the same everywhere? In my opinion, in return we will get a refined, standard and tasteless language ...
200 years ago he sadly wrote:
The treasures of the native word
Will be noticed by important minds
For someone else's babbling
We have neglected madly.
We love Muses of other people's toys,
Alien dialects rattles,
But we don't read our books ...
When I suddenly hear one of the words that I was talking about, I involuntarily shudder, because they are like greetings from that already distant time ... I remember the village, our songs and conversations. I never sang such songs with anyone else, never sat at a samovar. And I have never seen huts like those in that village - with lace trims on the windows ... My grandmother, Maria Vasilievna Petrova, is not in the world, her niece, Evdokia Ivanovna Semyonova is not there, but I consider it my pleasant duty to thank them for the fact that they , albeit unwittingly, awakened in me an interest in my native language, a living word, instilled in me respect and respect for apt folk words. For some, these words will seem nothing more than funny, but for me they are my home, my land ... Therefore, I say them without a grin, deliberately and, I hope, to the point.
“The Russian people express themselves strongly ... What is spoken aptly, is the same as what is written, is not cut down with an ax. And where there is apt everything that came out of the depths of Russia ... ”These words of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol very accurately notice the peculiarity of the everyday speech of the people. Every word is a pearl!
"Honor the old as a father, and the young as brothers. Beware of lies, and drunkenness, and fornication, because the soul and body will perish. What is good, do not forget, and what you do not know how, learn that" (From the Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh) TRADITIONS OF EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
CONTINUE PROVERSE 1. From courteous words …… 2. To a kind word…. 3. Affectionate words…. 4. How will backfire… .. 5. What is the voice,…. 6. From an empty word ... .. 8. A wound from a saber heals, .... 9. A kind word ... By the way, keep silent, .... 11. Word more…. 12. Empty speeches ... ... a blade of grass does not turn green. so it will respond sweeter than honey, the tongue will not dry out, such is the echo of the wound from the word - no, that a big word you say arrows smite to listen to necha and bickering gnaws and the cat is happy. lowers his saber
1. From polite words the tongue will not dry out. 2. A good word and the cat is glad. 3. Affectionate words are sweeter than honey 4. As it comes around, so will respond 5. What is the voice, so is the echo. 6. A blade of grass does not turn green from an empty word. 7. The wound from the saber heals, the wound from the word does not. 8. Slander is toothless, but bickering gnaws. 9. By the way, say nothing that you say a big word. 10. A kind word lowers the saber, a kind word cuts steel. 11. The word smites more than an arrow. 12. And you say - bad, and you will not say - bad. 13. Empty speeches and listening to nothing.
Not that which enters the mouth defiles a person, but that which comes out of the mouth defiles a person Whoever keeps his mouth protects his soul; and he who opens his mouth wide is in trouble. Pleasant speech is honeycomb, sweet to the soul and healing to the bones. A meek answer turns away anger, and an offensive word stirs up anger. The tongue of the wise communicates good knowledge, but the mouth of the fool spews out stupidity. Joy to a man in the answer of his lips, and how good is a word at the right time! Other idle talk hurts like a sword, but the tongue of the wise heals. Longing in a man's heart suppresses him, and a kind word cheers him up. With many words, sin cannot be avoided, but he who restrains his mouth is reasonable. He kisses the mouth, who answers with faithful words The language of wisdom
Human qualities Their presence: + / - Description of character 1. Independence 2. Responsibility 3. Ability to think not only about yourself 4. Kindness 5. Courage 6. Self-confidence not self-reliant irresponsible egoists embittered cowardly insecure
Acting with a word, we can control life, destiny. Take care of the feelings of loved ones, be attentive to your words. 1st place - "I" 2nd place - "Name" 3rd place - "I want" - desires and interests of a person 4th place - "Good" - awareness and presentation of their strengths 5th place - " Gender "- recognition from representatives of the opposite sex. 6th place -" I was - I will - I will "- respect for the past, acceptance of the present, hope for the future. 7th place - "I have the right" - awareness and assertion of their rights 8th place - "Must" - awareness
Hit-parade of offensive words 12th place: "Sharyzhniki" - cher ami (dear friend). 11th place: "Freak" - in Polish Beauty. 10th place: "Idiot" - Greek "Idiots" is not a fool, but a "private person." In the language of Byzantium - a layman. 9th place: "Olukh" comes from "Volokha" ( Shepherd) 8th place: "Blockhead" - in Old Russian "massive block", "rock." 7th place: "Scoundrel" in Polish meant "a simple, ignorant person." 6th place: "Bogeyman" (came from Latin) - villager. 5th place: "Kretin" (from Latin) - Christian. 4th place: "Cattle" comes from the Germanic "Skat", meaning "money", "wealth", "treasure". "Bastards" in ancient Russian the language called people who gathered (that is, gotten away) in a certain place. This word is the same root with the word "volost." 3rd place: "Scoundrel" - meant "a recruit unsuitable for military service." 2nd place: "Infection ". If a girl had been called that way 250 years ago, she would not have been offended, but would have thanked for the compliment. In those days, the phrase "What an infection you are!" meant "What a charm you are, charm itself!" 1st place: "Ryakha" had nothing to do with the person. It was the definition of a neat, tidy person. Now there is only one "slob" left.
TIPS FOR REFUSAL OF RUDE AND OFFENSIVE WORDS 1. Do not stoop to the level of a boor. 2. The first way to stop the flow of words of the rude person is to change the tempo of your speech and the timbre of your voice. 3. Look your interlocutor directly in the eyes. Pronounce all the words slowly and fluently, in a chant. 4. Surprise your opponent with your behavior. 5. Hit the boor by asking him an unexpected question. 6. Causing harm to others, foul-mongers may not know that he inflicts the greatest harm on himself and his offspring. Give up foul language! 7. The more often you train yourself to speak politely and not stoop to the marketplace, the more you and the people around you will respect you.
How not to become an object of aggression Do not allow yourself to be hurt! 1. Do not be afraid of the aggressor, be confident. 2. Try to remain calm, speak slowly, clearly and firmly. 3. Don't be rude and don't fight. 4. Use (choose) the following behavioral strategies: firmly and confidently say that you do not like such treatment; joke back; quietly leave, (do not run away); seek help from friends or elders if you cannot handle it yourself.
Class Rules We maintain good relationships. We do not support the aggressor (offender). When they say: "Let's tease together!" - each of us answers: "No!" We do not respond with aggression to aggression. Evil always gives rise to new evil. We are discussing cases of aggression. Reporting violent behavior does not mean sneaking. We always take the victim's side. Parents, teachers, classmates are ready to help each student when he is offended. We are not excluding anyone from the game, which is great! We call each other by their first names. We respect each other!
Speak the words, speak. Speak beautiful words, Speak kind words, And so that your head is not dizzy, And it was so warm and joyful And on a weekday and on holidays The word hurts, and the word heals Let's immortalize the world From kind words, beautiful words Faces light up.
Essay "Business game. Success of my future profession"
Melkaeva Christina
Essay: "Language is the confession of the people, their soul and native life"
Why confession? In the Old Russian language there was a word "vidati" - to know, to have. From him the word "tell" arose - to tell, to tell. And now confession is a frank story about everything that is, including the most intimate. It is in this sense that Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky used this word in the combination of "confession of the people". He wanted to emphasize that the language opens all the caches, reflects everything that was in the life of the people ...
Indeed, in language the people preserve and through language conveys not only the facts of history, but also the character, the system of moral values. And this is what is called mentality. A person's belonging to a particular culture determines his mentality. The mentality is most fully manifested in the dictionary, in the lexicon. In the "Encyclopedic Dictionary of Culture" the definition is given: "Mentality is a deep level of mass consciousness, collective ideas of people, their image of the world, dominating in the thickness of society ..."
« Each word is a “living witness” of history. All aspects of the life of the people are reflected - and expressed! - in the language ”- these words belong to the famous Russian publicist KD Ushinsky. Indeed, language is a necessary condition for the existence of a person and a nation, a universal system of means of communication for a human collective. Without language, it would be impossible to exchange information, work together.Have you ever wondered what language is? One person speaks, the other listens and understands him. You read a book, magazine, newspaper and also understand what is written. Through words, a person expresses his thoughts and communicates them to others. And this happens thanks to the language, so we can safely say that the language is the confession of the people.
An example is the biblical legend of the Tower of Babel, the meaning of which is that the loss of a single language prevented people from realizing their common plan. Language is a social phenomenon on which the existence of our civilization is based.
The history of the language is inseparable from the history of the people; it, like a mirror, reflects all stages of the development of society. With the help of the language, knowledge, experience and cultural traditions are preserved and passed on to subsequent generations. This is reflected in the preservation of ancient dialects, geographical names, names in the language - thus, the connection between ancestors and descendants is carried out.
Language is the most important means of transmitting and storing information. It gives us the ability to think, build sentences, make judgments. It is impossible to think without words, that is, not silently, but literally - without the participation of familiar means. But language and our speech are capable of not only influencing human behavior and thinking. They give a person the opportunity to experience aesthetic pleasure, the pleasure of a beautiful word, its euphony.