Chief architect of SamArt: “We want to prepare the viewer for the performance.” Seravin A.I. Research of creativity. Ability to Define Creativity Working with Contrast in Canva

I'll build myself a house out of tin cans

And I’ll sew myself a bright red coat,

And I will live my life as an eccentric from old fairy tales,

Who looks into the world with his mouth open.

Victor Luferov “I’ll build a house...”

Why define creativity?

To make it clearer what to research and what others are researching and talking about.

As a researcher, I always remember the golden rule of the experimenter: before discovering anything new, not previously noticed by other observers, it is necessary to first form a new conceptual apparatus. The object of a particular study dictates the method adequate to its study.

Einstein's biographers recount an instructive conversation. When the young Wernher von Heisenberg shared with Einstein his plans to create physical theory, which would be entirely based on observed facts and would not contain any speculation, he shook his head doubtfully:

Whether you can observe this phenomenon depends on which theory you use. Theory determines what can be observed.

In science, it is customary to respect terminology. When thinking about a problem, a scientist thinks in terms. Meanwhile, each term reflects an old, already existing idea. The term seeks to impose a traditional, familiar vision of an object. In essence, terms are protective mechanisms of scientific paradigms, an indicator of the psychological inertia of scientists.

What is creativity? To begin, we analyzed 126 definitions of creativity. Aristotle believed that the world is eternal; in the sense of time it has neither beginning nor end. Creativity in nature is a process of constant formation and destruction, the purpose of which is to bring matter closer to spirit, the victory of form over matter, which is finally realized in man.

CREATE something, give being, create, create, create, produce, give birth. God alone creates. A good tree produces good fruit, Matt. Create with your mind, create scientifically or artistically. The law creates guilt. | Produce, do, perform, repair. Don't do anything dirty to the old man. Create justice and truth. Doing evil, what are you thinking? What you don’t want for yourself, don’t do to your friend. Create memory for someone, remember. Give alms. Whom I serve, I do my will. Wine at first makes you happy, but then it creates madness... Whatever happens to us is all due to our sins. Shut the door. They've caused trouble! Open the window. Pretended to be poor. There's trouble - open the gates! Let's do a good deed. The world was created, and they didn’t ask us! Creation, action. according to verb. | Everything created, created; creation, creature. And the booger is God's creation. Every creation knows the Creator. | Essays, and in general everything created by the human mind. Immortal creations of famous writers. Bryullov's creations. And every creation of human hands is perishable. What a man this is, this pathetic, sick creature! Creative Wed. Psk. what is dissolved, liquefied; sourdough Created Wed. a vessel in which something is dissolved, esp. a box, or a pit lined with boards, in which lime is diluted on water with sand... Creator, God, Maker, Creator of the Universe. Creator of heaven and earth. | Maker, producer, performer, inventor, writer, founder. Creator of the oratorio "The Creation of the World". The creator of the present, free life of the peasants. My father is the creator, my mother is the nurse. There are many imitators, but no creators. Creator, doer, doer. Creator of troubles, goodness, miracles. -corpus case, grammatical in the declension of names, meaning a tool, a means, when asked by whom, with what... Creature. creature Sib. creation, divine creation, Living being, from a worm to a person. Every creature glorifies the Lord, and man glorifies... Creativity cf. creation, creation, creation, as an active property; creative, related to the creator and creativity. The creativity of the poet, painter and sculptor appears in images: in speeches, in sketches and colors, in an idol. (Dal V. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language).

CREATIVITY is an activity that generates something qualitatively new and is distinguished by originality, socio-historical uniqueness. Creativity is specific to humans, because... always presupposes a creator - subject creative activity. FOLK ARTS (folk art, folklore), artistic collective creative activity of the people, reflecting their life, views, ideals; poetry (legends, songs, fairy tales, epics), music (songs, instrumental tunes and plays), theater (dramas, satirical plays, puppet theater), dance, fine and decorative arts created by folk artists and existing among the people. It originated in ancient times, is closely connected with the traditions of any type of artistic activity and is the historical basis of the world artistic culture(Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary).

CREATIVITY is an absolutely original creation by man of the unprecedented, ... a revelation of human nature itself (N. A. Berdyaev).

CREATIVITY is an activity that generates something qualitatively new and is distinguished by uniqueness, originality and socio-historical uniqueness. Creativity is specific to a person, because it always presupposes a creator - a subject of creative activity (Big Encyclopedic Dictionary (BED).

CREATIVITY - activity, essence and distinguishing feature which consists in creating a new society that has no analogues in nature and in the cultural activities of man (Culturology. Brief Dictionary).

CREATION - mental process creating new values, which is “a continuation and replacement of children’s play” (Psychoanalytic Glossary).

CREATIVITY is an activity the result of which is the creation of new material and spiritual values ​​(Concise psychological dictionary. Under the general editorship of A. V. Petrovsky, M. G. Yaroshevsky).

CREATIVITY is a unique compilation, understandable to the creator and incomprehensible to others. (Karmanov A.)

Based on the research of Bogoyavlenskaya and Matyushkin, according to which CREATIVITY can be defined as a kind of going beyond the limits (of the current situation or existing knowledge) (V.N. Druzhinin).

In a figurative sense, creation, CREATIVITY is called any introduction of something new, in particular the creation of images as a result of the emerging activity of the spirit, creative imagination. (Short philosophical encyclopedia).

What words close to the concept of creativity exist in the Russian language? Let's open the dictionary of the Russian language by Ozhegov S.I.: “CREATION, -I, cf. (high). A work, the result of creativity. Great works of Pushkin.

CREATOR, -rtsa, m. (high). 1. A person who creates, created something. creatively. The Soviet people are the so-called new world. 2. God like mythical creature who created the world.

CREATIVE: Instrumental case is a case that answers the question by whom or what? CREATE, -ryu, -dish; nesov., that. 1. Create creatively (high). The artist creates something beautiful. 2. Do, commit (some actions), carry out. T. good. T. trial and punishment. He doesn’t know what he’s doing (book). What are you doing! (you get up to something). II owls create, -ryu, -rish; -renny (-yon, -ena). CREATE 2, -ryu, -rish; -renny (-yon, -ena); nesov., that. Prepare (some kind of composition), dissolving, liquefying. T. dough. T. lime. II soy. close, -ryu, -rish; -renny (-yon, -ena). 1G adj. creative, -aya, -oe (special).

TO BE CREATED (-ryus, -rush, 1 and 2 liters are not used.), -ry; nesov. (colloquial). To happen, to happen (usually about something strange or reprehensible). What's going on here? Something strange is happening to him. 1| owls to be created (-ryus, -try, 1 and 2 liters. unused), -ritsya. A miracle happened.

CREATIVE, - oh, oh. 1. see creativity. 2. Creative, creating something independently. new, original. T. labor. Think creatively (adv.) Creative forces of the people.

CREATIVITY, -a, cf. Creation of cultural or material assets that are new in design. Artistic t. Folk t. T. Pushkin. T. innovators. II adj. creative, oh, oh. T. gift. T. the writer's path."

Talent is a set of abilities (giftedness) that allows one to obtain a product of activity that is distinguished by novelty, high perfection and social significance (Psychological Dictionary. Edited by V. V. Davydov, A. V. Zaporozhets, B. F. Lomov, etc.) .

Recently appeared one more word - “creativity”, close to the concept of inclination or ability to create.

The concept of creativity (from the Latin creatio - creation), introduced by Torrance, denotes the ability to create in the broad sense of the word - the ability to produce new ideas and find unconventional ways to solve problems. Creativity, never clearly defined by Torrance, continues to be perceived as a synonym creative activity in any field of human activity (Adaskina A.A.)

Creative - a creative person prone to non-standard ways problem solving, capable of original and non-standard actions, discovering new things, creating unique products (V.N. Druzhinin).

“The area of ​​creativity is difficult to research and causes a lot of controversy, since the empirical field of facts related to this problem is very wide. Creativity, considered in various concepts, appears in the form of pieces of a puzzle, which no one has yet been able to assemble completely. Back in the 60s. More than 60 definitions of creativity were described and, as the author noted, “their number is growing every day”... Apparently, the number of definitions of creativity that have accumulated to date is already difficult to estimate. As the researchers note, “the process of understanding what creativity is itself requires creative action. By starting with a definition of creativity, we thereby doom ourselves to failure, since creativity has not yet been conceptualized and empirically defined.” The authors of one of the latest studies define creativity as “the achievement of something significant and new... In other words, this is what people do to change the world” (Torshina K.A.).

Appearance is incredible large quantity definitions and their inconsistency indicate a terminological crisis and terminological search in this area.

Academician Vladimir Vasilyevich Sharonov identified the following types of creative activity, which can be represented by three main groups.

A) Activities to put forward fundamentally new solutions.

B) Activities to detail, specify, and study this new thing in order to determine the fundamental possibility of its practical implementation.

C) Activities to bring new ideas to life, their objectification in certain material forms.

This classification of creative activity was born within the framework of modern science and relates, first of all, to the types of scientific creativity (fundamental, applied and technical knowledge). But, in his opinion, it can also be attributed to creativity as such.

The definitions of creativity available in the literature allow us to identify some of its general foundations. First of all, the qualitative, fundamental novelty of the final product of the creative act. Secondly, the immediate absence of this quality in the initial prerequisites of creativity. Thirdly, creativity is an activity.

Creativity can be classified according to the following criteria:

· subjective, or internal, before leaving the spirit, and objective, or external, after leaving the spirit (V.V. Rozanov “On Understanding”);

· subjectively individual (personal creativity, personal initiative) and subjectively collective (folk art);

Born as a result of “trial and error” or thanks to cognitive cognition, the results of which do not directly contain the initial premises;

· gray and permitted. Creativity, controlled and uncontrolled.

The key characteristic of creativity is the fundamental novelty of the product, that is, creative thinking is characterized by the search for fundamentally new solutions, going beyond existing system, which does not meet the definitions of either convergent or divergent thinking. Let us recall that J. Guilford divided thinking into divergent and convergent. Divergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions based on clear data. Convergent thinking is aimed at finding the only correct result and is diagnosed by traditional intelligence tests.

There are two fundamental postulates in the theory of creativity, supported by an overwhelming number of researchers. First: from the point of view of academician A. D. Alexandrov, creativity is a specific species feature of a person, which most significantly distinguishes it from the animal world. It is the ability to be creative, that is, to create some fundamentally new quality, that distinguishes man from nature, contrasts him with nature and acts as a source of labor, consciousness, and culture. Second: creativity is one of the most active states and manifestations of human freedom. In terms of its content it closely related to the game, says Academician V.V. Sharonov.

Judging by the average definition of creativity that exists, Keller’s chimpanzees, inserting one stick into another and using it to get fruit, were also creative, relative to their species. The statement about the possibility of creativity only in humans, upon closer examination, dissolves into dust, since many similarities in everyday philosophical and psychological creativity are also found in animals.

Creativity is not only a phenomenon of human activity, but also, for example, the behavior of animals (Big Psychological Dictionary. General editor: B. Meshcheryakov, V. Zinchenko).

One of characteristic features games are frivolity (Seravin, 2002); who can argue that creativity is impossible if you take it seriously.

One of the main controversial points is that creativity is inherent in any type of human activity. Academician A.D. Aleksandrov strongly objects to the fundamental division of types of human activity into creative (creative) and non-creative (reproductive), which is not so rare in philosophical and psychological literature.

In this regard, it is worth recalling Stanislavsky’s paradox, the essence of which is how to assess the degree of creative, new, fundamentally new contribution of an actor to a role. Where is the line between convergent and divergent in an actor’s activity? In the subjective assessment of three equal types of experts:

The actor’s self-satisfaction, his cathartic self-realization,

In the professional assessment of his colleagues and critics,

In recognition from the viewer, the public, journalists.

Which of these assessments is more significant for the actor himself, his creative and audience success? Where is their measure? What is the criterion for these assessments and its contribution to history? Where is the difference between new, personal contribution and experience, history? Stanislavsky's paradox - a product of the subjectivity of assessing human activity - manifests itself in any of our activities.

It is believed that a new quality - a product of creativity - arises only when two (or more) relatively autonomous knowledge systems are combined into one new system. It is their interaction within this new system leads to the emergence of a new quality. It is no coincidence that, in particular, it is the border areas of knowledge that are considered the most creatively potential, and in practical life these are, as a rule, transitional periods (V.V. Sharonov).

One of the main problems of creativity is that even in explanatory dictionary In the Russian language, where there is a definition of creativity, there is not a single case of using the term “creativity” for its intended purpose.

Ady (Ady) Endre (1877 - 1919), Hungarian poet. His work, close to impressionism and symbolism...

Camus’s work, fueled by social criticism, became an exponent of the tragic consciousness of the 20th century.

Creativity of outstanding figures fiction mark the most important phases in the development of world and national culture. Literature is studied by philology, mainly literary criticism.

Sultan Velet Muhammad Behaeddin (1226 - 1312), Turkish Sufi poet (see Sufism). Son of J. Rumi. He wrote in Farsi. All creativity is dedicated to the life, activities and teachings of his father.

ABSTRACT ART (abstract art, non-objective art, non-figurative art), a set of trends in the iso-culture of the 20th century, replacing naturalistic, easily recognizable objectivity with a more or less free play of lines, colors and forms (the plot and subject are only guessed at, symbolically implied or disappear altogether ). Since ancient times, non-objective creativity existed in the form of ornament or non-finito, but only in modern history formed into a special aesthetic program. Among the founders of abstract art are V. V. Kandinsky, K. S. Malevich, P. Mondrian, masters of Orphism. Several variants of it have emerged: geometric abstraction, abstract expressionism, informel, tachisme, post-painterly abstraction.

ALYABEV Alexander Alexandrovich (1787-1851) - Russian composer. Vocal creativity in the traditions of Russian urban folklore early. 19th century

ARTIST (French artiste from Latin ars - art), the same as actor. In a broad sense, a person engaged in creativity in the field of any art. In a figurative sense, a person who has achieved mastery in his field.

...The master’s work is most fully represented in the Feodosia Art Gallery he founded, which now bears his name (Feodosia Art Gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky).

In 90% of cases, the word “creativity” is interpreted in the dictionary as a description of the life activity of a person whose work has been recognized by society as socially desirable. For example: “...The master’s work is most fully represented in the Feodosia Art Gallery that he founded, which now bears his name (Feodosia Art Gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky).” In 99 cases out of 100, the word “creativity” is used to denote the transformation of society’s attitude towards product creativity. Now there are 4 types of definitions of creativity: everyday creativity, as going beyond the existing system in the broadest sense, creativity as the creation of new material and spiritual values, creativity as an activity, and creativity as a product of activity. Ambiguity of definition is the essence of the nature of creativity. As we can see, most definitions characterize creativity as an activity, and when using the term “creativity”, a product is implied. That is, creativity is understood as a product that requires recognition and which can be seen in an “art gallery.” In the “art gallery” we get acquainted not with creativity, but with creations.

Let's consider the “everyday” term “creativity”. About eight years ago I worked as a security guard-administrator at a hairdressing salon. The boss asked me to call a plumber in the evening, who was supposed to fix the Finnish head sink overnight, and left me some money. I felt sorry to part with this money, and since I still had to sit with him all night, I decided that for a person with higher education Nothing is impossible, and I decided to fix the sink myself. I took it apart and studied its structure, then reassembled it, and the sink started working. But there were three parts that I did not insert. I disassembled and reassembled the sink all night, not understanding what the purpose of these parts was. In the morning I finally assembled it, without two parts, and it worked for two years without any breakdowns. According to some authors, this would be creativity, but I don’t see creativity here because I studied the washing system and then, using this knowledge, repaired it. In my opinion, knowledge And skill using this knowledge of an existing system is fundamentally different from discovering new intergalactic systems. An incredulous colleague may ask: “Don’t you think that the discovery of new intergalactic systems is the same as fixing the sink? After all, their discovery follows certain laws developed by people, and at the same time there is no element of novelty. There is no way out of the system!” The fact of the matter is that before you open new law, creative discovery is necessary. A person “sitting on the ground” does not perceive the diversity of intergalactic systems; Before he discovers them, it is necessary to admit and justify the theoretical possibility of their existence, and then prove it to the community. Unfortunately, it is impossible to say whether creativity proceeds progressively from discovery to discovery, or whether each subsequent creative discovery is a different one? It probably happens both ways. This problem is very difficult for researchers, in many ways it is similar to the question “how does evolution occur” - progressively or through catastrophes. Creativity is individual activity, and the product of activity is collective, since only in comparison with the achievements of predecessors can we determine the fundamental novelty of the resulting product. In fact, a “wash without two or three parts” can be considered a new product, but there is no fundamental novelty in this sink in comparison with the common human experience. On this occasion, I recall my discussion with a mathematics professor in Tolyatti. The professor believed that at his department students are taught creativity, forcing them to solve known problems (convergent thinking) in new ways and means (divergent thinking), and I said that they teach their students not creativity, but a completely different activity - the ability to apply existing knowledge mathematical system. Probably, the ability to solve a problem in a standard way - ordinary awareness (convergent thinking), good knowledge of this subject, the ability to solve a problem in several ways - is resourcefulness (divergent thinking), and creativity is still something more than awareness and resourcefulness. Creativity is going beyond the existing system, that is, a mathematics student would have to come up with a certain system, study it and, using his knowledge, solve a problem from a new system using new rules, and then be able to prove to society that this was all and there is. That is, thinking can be divided into divergent, convergent and creative.

There are no problems with defining convergent thinking. For example, M.A. Kholodnaya defines “convergent intellectual abilities - in the form of level, combinatorial and procedural properties of intelligence - which characterize one of the aspects of intellectual activity aimed at searching for a single (normal) result in accordance with given conditions of activity.” The definition of divergent thinking is vague: researchers try to define it either as everything else that is not included in the definition of convergent thinking, or they try to attract everything that is possible into this definition - this activity is a theoretical and research crisis of this concept. “Divergent abilities (or creativity) are the ability to generate a wide variety of original ideas in unregulated operating conditions. Creativity in the narrow sense of the word is divergent thinking (more precisely, the operations of divergent productive productivity, according to J. Guilford), distinctive feature which is the willingness to put forward many equally correct ideas regarding the same object. Creativity in the broad sense of the word is creative, intellectual abilities, including the ability to bring something new to experience (F. Barron), the ability to generate original ideas in the context of resolving or posing new problems (M. Ullah), the ability to recognize problems and contradictions, and also formulate hypotheses regarding the missing elements of the situation (E. Torrence), the ability to abandon stereotypical ways of thinking (J. Guilford)” (M.A. Kholodnaya 2002).

The main feature of creativity is going beyond the system. It is not necessary to merge or intersect systems, the point is to find or create a new one. If you don't take into account systems approach to understanding creativity, then my knowledge of the system, like a plumber, is no different from Einstein’s creativity. But this is not true! Einstein's creativity is a fundamentally different order. It is necessary to distinguish between the everyday understanding of the term and the psychological one, or introduce a new term that would differentiate between true creativity and good knowledge of the system. By true creativity, the author always means going beyond boundaries.

However, true creativity, which goes beyond the framework of the system, requires its description within the framework of that system. That is, as soon as we define creativity by forcing it into a certain system, we immediately lose it. I remember the words of the classic: “You can judge an artist only by the laws he himself created.”

All the work on defining creativity reminds me of the second episode of the film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed,” when Zheglov and Sharapov caught the pickpocket Brick. He answered investigator Zheglov that creativity responds every day to the researcher who is trying to define it in a convergent-oriented manner.

So you have no (criminal) methods against Kostya Saprykin.

Researchers of creativity determine it using exactly the same methods, thanks to which the criminal investigation investigator Zheglov caught the pickpocket Brick.

If we cannot determine something, this does not mean at all that we cannot study it. Frankly speaking, the crisis in the development of science in the knowledge of creativity is a crisis in the scientific paradigm, which shows its inconsistency. There are no paradigms in creativity.

If we cannot determine something, this does not mean at all that we cannot study it. Frankly speaking, the crisis in the development of science and in the knowledge of creativity is a crisis of the scientific paradigm, which shows its inconsistency. There are no paradigms in creativity. A.N. Luk wrote that thinking constantly operates with vague, ill-defined, insufficiently defined concepts. As we advance along the path of knowledge, the concept is defined more and more fully, but can never be exhausted. We define creativity as an activity associated with finding fundamentally new solutions “based on ambiguous data.” That is, we still give a definition, albeit a technical and vague one.

M. Bowen emphasizes that a psychologist in his practice encounters a wide range of phenomena that often do not fit into the framework of scientific logic; he deals with mental reality, the main essence of which is expressed in unpredictability. All this can disrupt the integrity of the psychologist’s understanding of reality and, consequently, reduce the quality of professional actions in relation to the client. It is not surprising that many psychologists are beginning to realize the inadequacy of professional language and ways of thinking for describing mental reality.

We spent comparative analysis types of thinking based on the principle of finding a solution (Table No. 1) and came to the conclusion that, in addition to the two types of thinking identified by Guilford, it is advisable to highlight creative thinking, which is associated with finding fundamentally new solutions “based on ambiguous data,” that is, independent of the character data (data may be missing altogether). Tests by Guilford, Torrance and others examine divergent and convergent thinking, without touching creative thinking, since they are based on the search for predictable solutions within given conditions and the existing system.

Now that we have tactically defined creativity and prepared a new conceptual apparatus for a new vision of this activity, it is time to move on to analyzing the methods and approaches to studying creativity used in the last century and developing adequate research methods for a new vision.

Table No. 1

Thinking

Feature

Diagnostics

Prognostic

significance of the results

Keyword

(Characteristics

successful process)

Convergent

thinking is aimed at finding the only correct result

diagnosed by traditional intelligence tests

awareness

Divergent

associated with generating a set of solutions based on unambiguous data

diagnosed by specialized tests

weakly predict real creative achievements of a person in his everyday and professional activities

resourcefulness, originality

Creative

associated with finding fundamentally new solutions “based on ambiguous data”

diagnosed by a specialized research

predict real creative achievements of a person in his everyday and professional activities

genius,

talent

Meditation

inactively finding any solutions or remaining outside the search for solutions

diagnosed by specialized observation

it is impossible to predict a person’s intellectual achievements in real life

A picture is worth a thousand words. This old, tired phrase has never been more relevant when it comes to capturing your audience's attention. Because facts are facts - numerous studies confirm that images attract people's attention.

Specialists from HubSpot, a company that produces software for marketers, have collected interesting statistics that show how powerful visual content can be as a means of communication:

  • Articles with feature illustrations receive 94% more views than web pages with text and no images.
  • People remember information better if the data is illustrated (only 10% of what they heard remains in memory, but if the content was audiovisual, a person is able to reproduce 65% of the information received even after three days).
  • Visual content is 40 times more likely to go viral and be shared on social media.

In design, visual images mean a lot; their role is difficult to overestimate. Images help make almost any project more effective and memorable. And if a designer wants his work to stand out from other similar projects, then he must take good care of the visual content.

It doesn’t matter whether you use your own photos or images taken from stock, you need to make sure that everything is in order with them before using them in a project. Size, composition, color rendering, white balance - literally everything is important. And to make your work easier, all adjustments can be made in the Canva service.

Framing: Focus and Composition

Cropping is one of the best ways to improve a picture. Cropping can help remove unnecessary or distracting elements from your frame, improve your composition, and highlight what's most important.

Attention! If you decide to crop an image, don't rush to remove too much, take it gradually. If you crop the picture too much, you can lose a lot of important things. In addition, a strong crop reduces the quality and resolution of the picture. As a result, if such a heavily cropped picture suddenly has to be enlarged, it will disintegrate into pixels.

There is a relatively safe way of framing - the rule of thirds. The original image is divided into three parts vertically and horizontally, resulting in a grid of two horizontal and two vertical lines appearing on top of the image. Here, look:

How to crop in Canva:
  • Click on the image you want to crop
  • Select "Crop" from the drop-down menu bar
  • A frame will appear above the image with markers in the corners, by pulling which you can build a new frame, removing unnecessary parts of the picture
  • When the work is finished, confirm the changes by clicking on the checkmark above the image

You can repeat cropping in Canva as many times as you like until you get the look you want. If it doesn't work the first time, just open the source again and try again.

Blur: Enhance Background Images

Sometimes images need to be highlighted, but there are times when they shouldn't be the focus. It’s not surprising, but sometimes a picture works well as a “voiceover.” Well, you understand that we are talking about background images.

Photographs, especially good ones, can enhance any design. But since most often it turns out that the text is placed on top of the background illustration, a problem arises - due to the many small details in the photo, the content is difficult to read.

What can be done in this case? Another option is to apply a blur effect to the picture. As a result, the background will become softer and more concise. If you don’t get too carried away with blur, then in the background photography you will be able to preserve recognizable images that will work to create the overall impression.

Using blur, you can create almost abstract backgrounds with soft color transitions or images with vague shapes. This is a good solution if you need to add a little dynamics to your design. At the same time, the picture looks much better than just a plain background and at the same time is devoid of all distracting details.

How to Blur an Image in Canva
  • Open the desired image
  • In the drop-down menu bar, find the “Filter” item.
  • In the lower left corner of the palette that appears, click "Advanced Options"
  • The “Blur” slider is the third one from the bottom. By moving it, you can control the effect settings.

Sometimes it happens that nothing happens in the editor. To make sure that the image has been blurred, you need to click to the side of the image and see what has changed. But more often than not, everything works fine and you can immediately see how the blur works.

Saturation: Changes the intensity of shades

Photographers and designers often experiment with saturation to subtly tone down or enhance the tones of a color. The less saturated the color, the closer it is to a gray shade. If you take the picture and completely desaturate it, you will get a regular black and white image. And if reducing saturation is relatively safe, then you need to be very careful with increasing it - too bright colors can look unnatural.

How to change saturation in Canva:
  • Select "Filter" from the drop-down menu
  • Click "Advanced Settings"
  • Saturation slider third from top
  • Move the slider left or right of center to find an option that suits you.

Contrast: working with light and shadow

Enhancing contrast is often used to create a dramatic effect. Increasing contrast makes shadows appear deeper and highlights appear much brighter. If you reduce the contrast, the picture will become more monotonous. As with saturation, too much contrast is not always a good thing. Some images benefit from contrast, but you should not get carried away with this technique, especially if the original image is of fairly good quality.

Working with Contrast in Canva:
  • In the drop-down menu, go to “Filter”
  • Contrast – second slider from the top
  • By moving the slider to the right, you can make the image more contrast. If you move the marker to the left, the shades will become muted.

Brightness

Not everyone can say with confidence whether an image should be made more or less bright. A picture that is too light may lose some of its content; the same effect can be achieved by making the photo less bright.

In any case, it is best to experiment with brightness on high-quality images, since by making it a little brighter or darker, you can achieve the desired result. If the source is so-so, it is better not to touch it at all. Keep in mind that any editing changes the image, but brightness is the most dangerous effect. The slightest mistake and the image will become unbalanced. So it’s better to work with brightness when you are absolutely sure that this manipulation is necessary.

Working with Brightness in Canva
  • Click on the image you want to change
  • Select "Filter" from the menu
  • Brightness is the topmost slider
  • Move the marker left or right to change the lighting level
  • Moving to the right makes the image brighter, and moving the slider to the left darkens the image.

Other ways to improve your images

Filters. Thanks to Instagram and other apps, filters have become a very popular photo editing tool. Filters are more often used to add an "artistic" effect to an image. But when used skillfully, a properly selected filter can significantly improve the original image. The Canva menu has many preset filters, where you can search through the options to find the most suitable effect and then apply it to the image.

Composition. Any design project is based on a grid - this is the basis of the composition. In Canva, you can create a composition from multiple images. The easiest way is to select a suitable template in the “Layouts” section and fill it with your own images.

Framework. Sometimes you need to add a frame, simple or decorative, to an image. Frames can be very different: large and small, colored or not, round or square. If the design dictates that the picture be framed, everything you need can be found in the online graphics editor Canva.

Layering or overlay. Blurring is one of the main ways to dim the background for better readability of text. But you can achieve approximately the same result without changing the sharpness of the background image. This method called an overlay - another layer of the desired color is superimposed on top of the original image, after which you need to play with its transparency. As a result, you can not only make the text more readable, but also change the color tone of the background image.

Typography. Up to this point we have been talking about working with images. But text is also often part of the illustration. Is it possible to work with text in the Canva editor? Of course, yes, there is everything necessary for this. You can add your own heading, subheadings and body text, change the font style and size. Canva also comes with several preset text designs and over a hundred different fonts that you can download from your computer to add to the list.

I compiled this short list of patterns by referencing travel photos I've taken over the past few weeks. The list is not exhaustive, but it contains the compositional techniques that I use most often.

Let's start with the basics:

Basic templates for photo composition

Rule of thirds with blank background

Simple and effective method highlight the subject of shooting and bring dynamics to the frame. Rule of thirds placement for movement (center placement for static scenes) and a clear background will help the viewer's eye focus on the main subject rather than wandering around the frame. The background can be as simple as a plain wall, or the background can be defocused. Ideally, you should choose colors between your subject and background that work well together and complement each other.

Rule of thirds with a balanced background

If you want to add more narrative to your image, try finding a background that balances out your subject. Help the viewer's eyes switch between the subject and the background. At the same time, it is still important to keep the background unloaded with details so that they do not cause confusion and do not draw attention to themselves.

Rule of thirds with a lively foreground

This useful template is inspired by photojournalism. It will help add a sense of action to the image. A rich foreground in a photo creates a sense of dynamism and helps hide a chaotic background.

Dynamic diagonal

A very simple but effective template that works great when dealing with action. Diagonals, much more than straight lines, increase dynamic effect and guide viewers' eyes through the image.

Framing the frame

There's no need to introduce this popular composition technique, also called a "frame within a frame." This is an effective way to draw viewers' eyes to a specific element of the image.

Framing the frame with people

This one is a little more complex, but still effective, mainly when using wide-angle lenses. The idea is to use people as a natural frame for the main subject, but also to create leading lines for greater dynamics.

Rule 10th part

This time the idea is to create a feeling of emptiness in most of the picture for a more dramatic result. This technique works well with silhouettes or dark blue skies. Basically, empty space in a picture adds drama.

Triangle

Being the simplest shape, a triangle helps viewers' eyes follow the three main elements that fill the frame. Note that the important thing here is to really fill the frame with elements and not leave any useless empty space.

Placement in the middle

One of my favorite techniques is to place the subject in the center with a symmetrical separation of the background. This gives the image a sense of simplicity and balance. The lack of dynamics is ideal for calm and peaceful scenes, but personally I prefer to disrupt this calm and predictability with dynamic movement of the subject.

Portrait: “a look in the frame”

When the subject of the portrait looks away, it creates tension in the image, which directs the viewer's gaze to both sides of the photo.

Guillotine

The idea here is to remove the subject's head from the frame. This is done to increase the emphasis on other elements: arms, legs, tools, etc. People's attention is automatically drawn to the eyes first. Therefore, by cropping the head (and therefore the eyes), you will draw attention to the rest of the image. It is not necessary to remove the entire head, just remove the eyes.

While these patterns help you make decisions faster, when the action happens quickly, they can block your creativity.

Often, while traveling, I came across advanced photographers who experienced temporary stagnation in their creativity. They know everything about camera settings and the basic rules of composition, but they find it difficult to go beyond their usual images. Looking through their portfolio, one word comes to mind: predictable. As I scroll through image after image, I see the same patterns. The photographs are, of course, very good, but they lack originality due to the excess of these templates.

Therefore, a prudent photographer uses templates to be faster and more efficient, but adapts them with originality to each specific situation or moment.

It's also important to keep creating new templates that you can abandon at any time. This helps the photographer develop and maintain originality.

If you want to improve your photographs, look at your work: what patterns do you see in it? Aren't they redundant? Are there too many of them in your photos? If you follow your patterns too hard, you'll end up shooting the most predictable compositions over and over again.

When you look at your favorite images, how are they different from others? How did you manage to break the usual patterns and come up with more original images?

What can we do to break with our usual patterns and come up with more creative images?

Free yourself and get creative

Studying the work of other photographers

The easiest way is to take a closer look at the work of other photographers. When you see pictures of colleagues that resonate with you, look at and analyze the pictures. Try to understand what part of the composition makes you feel that this image is special? We all have a lot to learn from looking at other people's work, so this is a good start.

To continue this idea, why not take a photography course in an area you're unfamiliar with? Earlier this year I attended a documentary photography workshop in Malaysia. This event opened the doors for me to new world. As a travel photography professional, I never imagined anything like this.

Take a fresh look

There are tools that can help you look at things in a new way. The most important of them is light. By focusing solely on it (and the shadow), you can begin to see things differently. If the light falls only on a certain part of the subject, you can remove the part that is in the shadow, and the composition will immediately change. By focusing on the light, we forget about our patterns and follow only the lines and directions that the rays of light give us.

Changes for the better

I also find it very useful to reverse the situation when we substitute our image. Instead of asking yourself what do I want to include in a shot, focus on the elements that you don't need and would like to exclude.

This approach complements the method in which we use light to build a composition. Instead of thinking about the usual frame structure (subject, background, etc.), dictated by hackneyed templates, you think only about the essential conditions: about the light and the lines it creates. When you decide to remove any other element, your brain is no longer trying to create a composition using one of the templates, but simply follows what the light dictates.

Use different equipment

I think another good way is to use different cameras. Of course, equipment is not the main thing in photography, but by using different tools, you can break your usual patterns.

When I see people shooting portraits well with 85mm or 100mm lenses wide open, I advise them to shoot 35mm at F/8.0 for a while. Then they stop thinking in the usual way and begin to look at things with new eyes. In the same way, you can try changing your usual proportions. If you switch to shooting in a square format, the rule of thirds will have a different effect, you will see how the frame will be shaped.

Working in the mind

But I think the best way is not about technique, but about working in the mind. By using different cameras, lenses, settings and aspect ratios, you are essentially leaving your comfort zone. This is when you enter the learning zone. But this won't happen if you only do the things you're good at.

When you try to change your state of mind (I'm not talking about taking photographs while intoxicated, although this option can also lead to interesting results), your photo composition will immediately change.

If you're a travel photographer like me, why not become a photojournalist for a day? I find that my shot compositions and approaches are very different when I'm working on a long-term project and/or a series of images. I spend more time studying different elements of the situation: working on details, shapes, patterns, trying to capture the deeper emotions of the characters - that's what I can fully focus on, rather than the composition of the frame.

Street photography is another area where I have found a lot of inspiration. Walking the streets as a street photographer requires a completely different approach than tourist photography. When I do this, I have to refrain from shooting things that are familiar to me and look for new, original elements. I'm more concerned with looking for light, shadow, shapes or funny scenes that happen on the streets.

By getting out of your comfort zone, you'll have to create a whole new set of rules for photo composition, which will lead to experimentation and, most likely, teach you something. It may be difficult at first, and disappointments are possible. But is anything really interesting if it's too simple?
Through

dictates tastes

Alternative descriptions

Fragile, fleeting popularity

A set of habits and tastes prevailing at a certain time

This Russian word comes from Latin meaning "measure", "way", "rule"

Behavior, custom

. "Nurse" couturier

. "Person" making the last squeak

Current in clothing

Breath from Paris

The primacy of tastes

Dominance of tastes

Dictator in drag

Breath from the podium

Her “squeak” excites fashionistas

Her “squeak” excites the dandy

She is shown on the catwalk

She is served by couturiers

Dior served her

J. French current custom; temporary, changeable whim in everyday life, in society, in the cut of clothes and in outfits; usual According to fashion, the mouse is in the chest of drawers. According to the old faith, but according to the new fashion, oh schismatic. Nowadays it is in fashion, in custom, in habit. This is the usual fashion. olon. name In fashion, a girl's head scarf is tied in a city style, ends first. Modochka, Moscow-pod. headband made of black silk scarf. Fashionable lady. Fashionable cap, store. She dresses fashionably, in fashion. There is nothing more fashionable than her. Fashionable, not quite fashionable, not the latest custom. Fashionability, fashionability. property, belonging by meaning. adj. Fashionista m.-nitsa f. who dresses in fashion and follows it; -kov, -nitsyn, belongs to him, to her. Fashionista Nov. milliner cleaner, seamstress of clothes and trader of clothes. -kin, belonging to her. To be fashionable, to follow fashion, to imitate secular custom. A hungry man is not fashionable. Have fun, live as usual! Pathetic fashion, fashion, passion to fashion. Model f. small sample; an object, especially a building object (church, ship, bridge), in a reduced size. Model, leather. a projectile used to stroke skin; iron tile with handles. Model, related to the model. -naya f. workshop where models are made. schik m. who makes the models. Modify, vary, alter, alter. -Xia, to be changeable. Modification g. alteration in a different way; change

You can't keep up with her

New clothes every year

Capricious squeaky

Loud cheater

Behavior

The short-term dominance of a certain taste in any area of ​​​​life or culture

The short-term dominance of a certain taste in any area of ​​life or culture, in the narrow sense - a change in the form of costume

Samples of clothing items that meet modern tastes

Clothing that trains people

Squeaky from Paris

Squeaky from Paris, which you can't keep up with

Craze

A pestilence, but not a disease

Catwalk dictator

Advancement in clothing

Skirt length adjuster

As she is born she lets out her last cry

A set of habits and tastes that prevail in a certain environment at a certain time

Path of couturier

Yudashkin's element

Queen of Glamor

What's more capricious than the weather?

What does a couturier create?

This is when everyone likes something that everyone knows everyone likes.

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin called her "our tyrant" and the disease of "newest Russians"

In statistics, the value of a characteristic (variant), most often found in a set of units or in a variation series (BEM)

In all centuries, women chase her, but she changes

A person who squeaks differently every year

Periodic re-examination for herding - the desire and ability not to be different, Alexander Kruglov

General psychosis

Instant popularity

Type of vibrations (normal vibrations) in distributed oscillatory systems or type of waves (normal waves) in waveguide systems and wave beams

Tyrant of women and veils

Fragile, fleeting popularity

Not what they wear, but what they chase

Temporary, changeable whim in everyday life, in society

She is capricious and changeable, but everyone listens to her squeak

One of the body's own vibrations

Dictator of tastes

Mistress of the podiums

Rules the catwalks

Breathing from the catwalk

Trend of the season

Fleeting popularity

Loud cheater in clothes

Popularity

Her “squeak” excites the dude

Seasonal cheater

What's more capricious than the weather?

In the novel “Eugene Onegin” Pushkin called her “our tyrant” and the disease of “newest Russians”

What does a couturier create?

. "person" making the last squeak

. "nurse" couturier

Her “squeak” excites the dandy

Her “squeak” excites fashionistas

Her “squeak” excites the dude

The last squeak in clothes

Her “squeak” excites the dandy

When she is born she lets out her last cry

Demands of young viewers - a difficult path

The tour begins in the theater courtyard. On the right stands a new building, which very soon will welcome guests to premiere performances. On the left are construction trailers and fencing. It is at this location that it is planned to build the third stage with the main entrance to the theater and the central lobby, which will unite the entire complex: the first, second stages and the existing building being reconstructed.

- When will work on the third stage begin?

We know what to strive for. The project is in its final stage. We completed the architectural solution and design concept for the main premises. The album with conceptual interior solutions was agreed upon with the theater management and the ministries of culture and construction. The section "Architectural solutions" has been completed in full. The remaining sections, which were carried out by the organization from St. Petersburg, SZIT Scientific Research Institute Prii, are almost ready.

In September, Deputy Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Nikolai Malakov came to the opening of the second stage of the theater. He said that at the present time, when so much attention is paid to youth platforms, forums, studios, theaters, the third stage project is exactly what is needed. This topic has already been opened in Samara, so it is necessary to complete the third phase of SamArt.

- The third stage project already exists. Many of its sections have undergone examination. What else is needed for the project to be completed?

The section "Constructive solutions" needs to be improved. The structural part is very important and contains the complex task of reconstructing the existing building above the hall, where it is planned to place engineering systems. The reconstruction is connected with the fact that a new ideology of internal space will be decided.

- It’s too early to say when the construction of the third stage will be completed. But what do these terms depend on?

It all depends on the budget. After all, this is a budget object. This requires joint action between the ministries of construction and culture. Acting Minister of Culture Sergei Filippov is very attentive to this project. Actually, it also includes builders, actors, theater managers, and the governor. Now everyone's interests have converged.

- Will the new and existing buildings interact in some way or remain separate?

Each queue can function separately. But there is a connection between all the halls. There is even an idea to make a performance that flows from one hall to another. It should be interesting and allow all platforms to be used. The main hall can also be used in fragments, which provides new opportunities. An important element of the third phase will be the courtyard space, where activities can also take place. The main element of this courtyard will be a glass wall. It will be possible to project any information or, for example, images of old Samara onto the stained glass wall.

This is quite a complex project. I wanted to create not just an object, but a theater with great opportunities for children, youth and adults. Today they are setting new demands on technologies and means of expression. With the commissioning of the second stage, new prospects appeared for the implementation of the most daring ideas.

Import substitution and light

- There are several buffets in the new theater. At the same time, on the ground floor the buffet is quite large, there are many different lamps and there are screens. Tell us about your ideas for these spaces?

On the ground floor the buffet seats more than 49 people. The second one has a smaller buffet. With us, everything is strictly calculated, because the project is a budget project, which dictates its scope. In the cafeteria on the first floor Special attention given to the light. It turned out that the space can easily change with the help of different lighting. This is theater, and every time it can change, give a new picture. The interior has interesting elements. For example, above the counter there are individual lamps made of rusty bent pipes. The texture is natural, the pipes were treated with acid. A lot of such techniques have been used.

- The interior design changed several times and quite radically. What was originally planned?

First, we had an option using elements from OVA. These are “clouds”, slats, all kinds of prints with built-in lamps, special designs and so on. I wanted the ceilings to be transformable and to be able to change or add something. Initially, a lot of imported materials were planned, but almost all of them were replaced with domestic ones, which turned out to be for the better. New interiors were completed. The theater is modern, and the interiors were designed in a modern style. For the vestibule and foyer, where mass arrivals of people are expected, the structures are made of non-combustible materials. The ceilings are made of removable metal cassettes, perforated, stainless steel of various configurations. On a metal frame with suspensions on cables, frame-tracks with the possibility of mobile arrangement of lamps. There are lights for beams, columns, and fragments. The walls are made in different types decorative coatings for concrete.

Style and modernity

- Can you indicate the specific style in which the interior of the theater is made?

The question is complex. There is minimalism, hi-tech, and loft. I think that the interior is closest to these directions. This provides opportunities for various manipulations with space. On the third floor there is a room that is sharply different from everything else. This is a classic interior - a mini-conference room for guests and meetings with journalists.

- These styles dictate working with certain materials. But the peculiarities of the theater, where children's performances are often held, also staged certain creative frames. How did you work under such conditions?

We have proposed special anti-vandal materials that are needed in places where there are large crowds of people, especially children. These are art concrete, decorative concrete, clinker tiles. All this is good in operation. The cladding of the columns is made of bent metal cassettes. The cuts are protected by decorative handrails. A high plinth is made of tiles with metal perforations. All corners are framed with metal elements. We tried to take into account all conditions as much as possible in the project.

- The interior of the theater, where techniques of such styles are used, could turn out gloomy. What decisions were made to avoid this?

The interiors turned out to be not gloomy at all. There were several tricks. For example, in lobbies there are general, directional, diffuse, compositional and accent lighting options. Different light - different interior. Decorative coatings on the walls are almost all with the addition of a muted shine. This gives lightness to brutal concrete. The monochrome interior features sofas with multi-colored seats. The floors are made in gray tones with worn elements, enlivened by rusty tile inserts. Curtains in the form of blinds can be used in several combinations. Individual inscriptions were made - tablets. All ceilings, columns, communication covers are made of stainless steel, which gives the effect of a mirror. There are screens on the walls. All track trusses are load-bearing - you can hang displays and fabric decorations on them. They make it easy to organize exhibitions of, for example, children's drawings.

- The story with the SamArta project has been going on for more than ten years. During this time, a lot has changed. Therefore, the question of the relevance of interior solutions is very acute.

The building is modern, despite the long time periods of design and construction. Not far from Paris is the city of Avignon. There is a festival theater there, made with the same hall parameters as SamArt. But our building began to be built much earlier than the French one. And the SamArta project is much more complicated. The theater interiors were done when the building's box was ready. They are relevant according to the reviews of directors and actors, and this was noted by guests of different levels at the opening of the second stage.

Power and standards

- The story with SamArt has dragged on for a very long time. And everyone is interested in what was the real reason for such a long time.

There were a number of reasons: budget, changes in regulations. The first examination was completed in 2004. There were two more examinations in connection with changes in standards and technical specifications for the design. The last changes were made just before the project was handed over.

During the time that work on SamArt was underway, power in the region had already changed several times. How was the project supported by different political forces?

Former governor Nikolai Merkushkin put off visiting SamArt for a long time, but he was aware of how things were. He ended up visiting the theater and supporting us. Dmitry Azarov was very attentive to the construction of the theater. There was always an understanding and support on his part of the importance of this object. His attention and interest allowed us to speed up the commissioning of the facility.

- The SamArta project is a lot of work by a whole team of architects. Who worked on it?

The author of the idea for the SamArt theater building project is Anatoly Barannikov. I am a GAP and an author of interior solutions. All decisions were discussed and made with the participation of the theater management Sergei Sokolov and Nikolai Matveev. They posed a problem and asked questions. We decided, invented, implemented. I couldn't handle such a large object alone. From the very beginning to the present, leading architect Alexander Varenov worked on the theater project at all stages. Visualization of the interiors was done by Dmitry Khoroshailo and Marina Khoroshailo. Anisya Mingullova was in charge of work plans. Young specialists helped.

- All this work is a lot of work. And it required time and effort that architects could spend on more commercially profitable projects. Didn't want to give up everything?

It really took a lot of effort. Sometimes I had to sit for a very long time on the drawings. But this is a very interesting job. At some stages, a lot was done “from scratch.” But quitting - no! Much has been done humanitarianly. However, such objects are very rare. Strength and feelings were invested. It's like a "child". Every element, every corner of the building, every step is familiar. When completing the interiors, some things were adjusted according to location. Especially after changes in architecture and related sections. I am very concerned about the fate of the building. There is one step left until the entire complex is completed.

- The old SamArt building is former project Anatoly Barannikov - cinema "Timurovets". Will anything remain of his project?

Anatoly Ivanovich had just graduated from college. He was the author of "Timurovets", so, of course, this topic touches us very much. Externally, nothing will remain of the cinema, but the halls and part of the lobby will be preserved with reconstruction and transformation.

Behind the scenes

- What was done for the artists? How is the new space different from the previous one?

In the first stage, make-up dressing rooms were performed for the actors, and in the second stage they continued. Make-up restrooms with all amenities, sofas, convenient places to prepare for performances. The main thing for the actors is the new space of the halls and stage. Along the perimeter of the hall there is a corridor-gallery with the possibility of exits in any necessary place in and out of the hall. In the backstage area there are many auxiliary rooms: a hairdressing salon, a recreation area, costume rooms, workshops, elevators for scenery.

There is a wall in the gallery where the brickwork is visible. Tell us about this design solution.

The gallery is history. This piece was not originally intended to have exposed brickwork. The building was “frozen” for a long time, and in some places the plaster simply came off in fragments. I came up with the idea to leave it with minimal adjustments and paint. Here you can make some kind of exhibitions - old posters, photographs.

- Now that the theater is about to present its premiere in the new hall, can you say whether everything you planned has worked out?

There were many concepts. But we are forced to take into account the budget and the state of engineering networks. We did what we planned within certain limits. With the support of theatergoers, it was possible to create interactive walls, a backdrop - a thin screen, ceiling lights - mini-computers and much more. This added expressiveness to the interiors.

- Your daughter is also a successful architect and works in Moscow. Did she have the opportunity to see your work and make any comments on it?

Yes, she saw the project and liked it. She is the author of a very interesting innovative youth center with a similar function in the city of Kaluga. Therefore, we had something to talk about and consult. I was also at her site. I am delighted. There is something to be proud of.