According to Rosavtodor, the length of federal roads at the beginning of 2008 was 48.8 thousand km, it was less than 5 percent of the total length of the country's road network, while the federal roads account for more than 40 percent of all passenger and freight traffic. Including the length of the main roads amounted to 30 thousand km. At the beginning of 2009, the length of highways amounted to 939,700 km, of which the public is 754,483 km. Of these, with a solid coating, there were 629,373 km, including federal - 49,694 km, regional and municipal - 455,610 km, local - 124,068 km.
At the beginning of 2010, the length of federal public roads amounted to 50,127 km, including a solid coating - 49,931 km. With an improved coating - 44,927 km. The length of regional roads has numbered 493,342 km, including a solid coating - 449,859 km, 309,433 km with an improved coating. The overall length of highways in the Russian Federation as of January 2010 - 983.1 thousand km. At the beginning of 2011, the overall length of roads in Russia increased by 2.1% and reached 1004 thousand km.
Table 1
The length of the roads in the Russian Federation, general and by type, thousandkm
A source. Rosstat data.
2) since 2006 - including local roads.
3) without small business entities.
4) until 2006 - roads of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Until 2003, the inclusive length of roads in the Russian Federation practically did not change. Next, there has been a tendency to decline: for 2003-2005. This indicator decreased by 4.5%. However, in 2006 there was an 8% increase. In 2007, the growth of the length of roads was preserved, but in 2008, the recession occurred due to the reasons. In 2009, the quantitative increase was positive, although it was built during this period, it was less expensive than in 2008 a positive increase could occur due to the commissioning of completed roads started in previous years. In 2010, the total length of roads increased by 21 thousand km.
Fig. 1. The total length of highways in the Russian Federation with division on the roads of general and uninstalling on the new classification, 2003-2011. (at the beginning of the year, thousandkm)
The ratio of the roads of general and non-commodity in Russia cannot be called stable, as a stable trend towards improving the share of public roads is noted. So, if in 2002 this ratio was 1.9 times, then in 2010 - 4.6.
Fig. 2. The length of the automotive roads of the overall and non-useful use in the new classification, 2003-2011. (for the beginning of the year, %)
The ratio of roads in general and unwinding with solid coating also increases over the past years. In 2002, this indicator was equal to 2.5, in 2010 - 5.5.
Fig. 3. The length of the roads of the overall and unwritten use with a solid coating in the new classification, 2003-2011. (at the beginning of the year, thousandkm)
A source. Abarus Market Research according to Rosstat
However, the above figures demonstrate that although general roads are increasing in quantitative terms, but they grow to a greater extent due to roads with a non-hard coating. If in 2002 the proportion of roads with a solid coating was 91.2%, then in 2010 - almost 11% less (in the total extension extension).
Fig. 4. The proportion of roads with a solid and non-hard coating in the aggregate total road extension, 2003-2011. (for the beginning of the year, %)
A source. Abarus Market Research according to Rosstat.
The length of federal roads practically did not change during 2002-2007. Significant increase in the length in 2008-2010. It is related to the inclusion in the Federal Network of the Vilyui Automobile Roads, from St. Petersburg through Priozersk, sorted to Petrozavodsk, a number of other areas of roads of regional importance.
Fig. 5. The length of the roads of local, regional, federal values \u200b\u200bwith solid coverage in the new classification, 2003-2011. (at the beginning of the year, thousandkm)
A source. Abarus Market Research according to Rosstat.
The annual reduction in the length of roads of regional significance occurs due to the process of redistributing the roads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, carried out in accordance with the principles of the classification of roads, as well as through the transfer of a number of regional roads to the federal network.
Fig. 6. The proportion of solid and non-solid coatings for federal and regional public roads at the beginning of 2011,%
A source. Abarus Market Research according to Rosavtodor.
The roads with an improved coating include roads with the following types of coating: cement concrete, asphalt concrete, from rubble and gravel treated with knitting materials. Regional roads are provided with such roads to a lesser extent compared to federal.
Low quality has public road roads: 8.1% of highways accounted for ground, almost a third of the roads have gravel, rubble and bridge coating. Currently, 28.6% of rural settlements of the Russian Federation have no roads with a solid coating to communicate with the public communication paths.
According to the Ministry of Economic Development, due to the reduction of industrial production and depression in the construction sector, the volume of cargo transportation on the vehicle has decreased in 2009 by 24%, and in 2010 by 0.1%. The decline also took place in the segments of railway transport (17%) and intra-vehicles (35.7%). Transportation by sea, on the contrary, increased by 6.1%. From 2002 to 2008, about 7 billion tons of cargo were transported annually. By 2010, transportation of goods decreased to 5 billion tons of cargo.
Fig. 7. Cargo transportation by road, 1992-2011. (million tons)
A source. Abarus Market Research according to Rosstat.
Cargo turnover repeats the dynamics of traffic: high indicator in 1992, the decline in 2000, progressive, but more intensive growth by 2008 in 2009, there is a decline to the level of 2004. Cargo turnover for 2010 amounted to 4752 , 8 billion ton kilometers (106.9% in 2009), including automotive - 199.4 (110.7%) 1. In 2011, this figure increased to 229 billion ton kilometers2.
Fig. 8. Cargo turnover by road, 1992-2011. (billion ton kilometers)
A source. Abarus Market Research according to Rosstat.
In January-April 2012, transport freight turnover, according to preliminary data, amounted to 1668.5 billion tons of kilometers, including railway - 736.6 billion, automotive - 70.8 billion, maritime - 18.7 billion. , inland water - 2.7 billion, air - 1.6 billion, pipeline - 838.1 billion tons-kilometers.
In a commercial cargo turnover (tons per kilometer), except for the pipeline, leading railway transport. But in the total carriage of goods, car transport is ahead of it. At the same time, cargo turnover of motor vehicles, though slowly, but also grows.
Transportation of passengers by road has a negative dynamics: if in 1995 the volume of passenger traffic with bus transport was 22.8 billion people, then in 2009 - only 11.3 billion people. (twice smaller). The volume of transportation by taxi transport has decreased by almost 10 times. This is due to the active reorienting of the population from passengers of commercial vehicles in individual car owners.
The automotive fleet of the Russian Federation increased to the beginning of 2012 to 35 million cars, the forecast for 2015 - 48-49 million. The number of cars for a thousand inhabitants in recent years is actively growing. Many families have several cars, all this creates a load on the road.
The provision of automobile roads per thousand inhabitants in the Russian Federation is also increasing, but much slower than the security of cars. Here are the official data of the extensibility of public roads, the low volume until 2005 is associated with the features of the statistical accounting of roads, and not with sharp growth after 2006.
It is worth noting that the share of the federal network operating in the overload mode has increased from 12,349 to 13,379 km (8%) instead of the scheduled 14,898 km.
State of the road economy in Russia
The situation in the Russian road economy in recent years is only worsening, despite the positive quantitative increases for the length of roads, which annually reports official statistics, as well as the constant growth of financing.
Indeed, over the past ten years (from 2001 to 2011), the total length of the roads in Russia increased by less than 125 thousand km (ie, by 13-14%). But if in 2009, about 40% of the federal road roads complied with the regulatory requirements for transport and operational indicators, then according to the results of 2011, the share of such roads, according to the expectations of the Avtodor Group of Companies, was due to only 33%. Judging by the fact that as of June 2012, officials are in no hurry to report on achievements, the goal was not achieved. It is worth noting that the length of the roads themselves of the federal significance for the specified period has changed little, an increase of only 47 to 50 thousand km, and remains unchanged last four years.
But the share of public roads is actively increasing - the growth amounted to 42% for the period from 2006 to 2011 - from 581 thousand km to 825 thousand km. But this growth will correctly call fictitious, since the kilometer is mainly growing at the expense of new construction (no more than 2.5-3 thousand km of roads are built in the country), and due to the transfer of existing roads from one official category to another. In this case, new common roads are regularly "cut out" from the roads of the unstable use, the "nozzility" of which in most cases it is difficult to enter into clear criteria.
At the same time, the content of FTP "Development of the Transport System of Russia for 2010-2015" Promises that by 2015 the share of the total extension extension of the federal significance corresponding to the regulatory requirements for transport and operational indicators will be 27.18 thousand km, that is, approach 50% compared with the current 33%. As the authors of the program are going to achieve this, it is not clear, because in the last 5 years the quantitative growth of the roadway in Russia is replenished at the expense of low-quality roads (speaking by the language of roads - not solid coverage). If in 2002 the share of roads without solid coating was 8.8%, then in early 2001 - already 19.4% (in the total volume of common roads), that is, increased more than twice and is now almost 1/5 The length of all Russian roads.
It is worth recalling that a cargo fleet for five years has grown by more than 10%, and passenger - more than 30%. And the potential of the Russian automotive market will allow him to increase no less active pace in the coming years. This means that the load on the road will continue to grow.
To improve the quality of the most actively operated roads to an acceptable level, in Russia it is necessary to build annually and reconstruct at least 2.5 thousand km of roads of federal significance, and not 0.8-1.2 thousand km per year, as now. But finding the necessary means to implement this plan is not easy, especially in conditions when the importance of a particular construction in Russia is determined not so much economic as political causes.
In 2011, the planned costs of road construction provided for by the 2010-2015 program were adjusted, as a result of which the financing of road buildings of the European part of the country, such as M-5 Ural, M-6 "Caspian", M-7 " Volga, M-9 "Baltic" and some others, was quite shortened (2-3 times). In a positive side, the financing of strategic buildings of the South - M-27 "Jungba", M-29 "Caucasus", the North and West - M-8 "Kholmogory", M-10 "Scandinavia", M-11 "Narva", and also remote Baikal trails and M-56 "Lena-Kolyma".
In 2011, most of the objects of the Federal Target Program represented a long-term - during the year plots continued to be financed, unfinished in 2010. In some cases, there were less funds on them than in the previous year, but in most cases the sums increased.
The activities of the largest road construction companies in Russia also shows that the time to complete the facilities under construction and constructable objects is required. Almost 70% of all objects, which according to the plan had to be handed over in 2011, in 2012 continue to be in work. This applies among the number of market leaders, such as Mostotrest, Transstroy and other companies.
General conclusion - infrastructure facilities in Russia are being built slowly, with a large number of amendments and changes made in the process of work, which as a result, as a rule, changes the estimate towards the increase. Annual consumption for the current and overhaul of Russian roads in terms of one kilometer is from 27 thousand to 55 thousand dollars.
But with the growth of financial injections, quality assurance does not grow. Problems do not bypass even those objects to which the attention of the state is riveted. So, in 2011, a new route with a length of 5.4 km, leading to the innovative center Skolkovo, built for 6 billion rubles on modern technologies, just a year later, was covered with cracks and already required repair. In June 2012, a few months before the start of the APEC summit in Primorye, the Sedanka route was blurred in Primorye (the road that will connect Vladivostok Airport with the bridge to the island of Russian) due to the drainage not built by the contractor.
1 Statistical review of the Russian Federation for 2010
2 Statistical overview of the Russian Federation for 2011
Combine kilometers of roads - an exciting occupation. Especially if the track is distinguished by modern coating and makes it possible to drive around the long route without interference.
Today we offer the top 10, which included the longest automotive highways of the world. Any of them is of particular importance for those countries in which runs.
10. NH010 route, China
According to the total length of the network, China ranks second in the world after the United States. The length of the main highway National Highway 010 is 5,700 km. The route begins in the northeast of the continental part of the country, and ends on the island of Hainan, where the car is ferry.
9. Route in the desert Tarim, China
This highway is the longest expensive among running in the desert. The road is important for oil producing, which several years ago began to develop a large oil and gas field in the wilderness.
8. INTERSTITE 90, USA
American roads are the longest and branched on the planet. The Interstate 90 route begins on the border with Canada and ends in Boston. It is noteworthy that the highway passes through the world's longest pontoon bridge. Most of the carotrass is paid.
7. US ROUTE 20, USA
The longest route in the United States has a length of 5,500 km. The road connects the east coast of the United States with Western. US Route 20 passes through the territory of the main National Park Yellowstone.
6. Karakorum Highway, Pakistan-China
The route almost completely repeats the route of the ancient Great Silk Road. Highway is the most high-altitude in the world. Due to the dangers that lie in the sheer cliffs, almost 1000 workers were killed on the construction of the road.
5. Trans-Siberian Highway, Russia
On official cards of such a car highway, simply does not exist. However, if you connect to a single whole several tracks from the Baltic to the Japanese Sea, a single road of the federal value of 11,000 km will be.
4. Transcanada Highway, Canada
This highway connects 10 Canadian provinces. Length of the track - 8030 km. Having drove the entire route, you can get off the coast of the Pacific Ocean right on the Atlantic coast. The road was built for more than 20 years.
3. Highway 1, Australia
The main state highway of Australia stretches for a record 14 500 km. The track does not go deep into the continent, and all the time stretches along the coast. Every day by Highway 1 drives over a million cars.
2. Route AH1, Japan - Turkey
Asian Highway # 1 is a special UN project, which was allocated billions of dollars. The length of the route connecting Japan, both Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, is 20,557 km. Today, from the Japanese part of Highwei on the mainland car transports steam, but the project of the underwater tunnel is being developed.
1. Pan American highway, North and South America
The longest motorway in the world is included in the Guinness Book of Records. The length of the road is 48,000 km, it passes through the territory of 15 states. Building Pan American highway began in 1889. It is noteworthy that on the official maps of the United States and Canada there is no route called "Pan American Highway", although in fact the road passes through the territory of these countries.
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