A work for passing the exam in literature. Increasing the number of optional tasks

Codifier is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary to successfully pass the final exam in literature. This guide for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI, so that we can narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely be useful at hour X. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed to conduct a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the skill of analysis that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what he has read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the Unified State Exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that are taken at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made it onto the list. Therefore, the preparation stage dedicated to “re-reading” will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature has been completed quite recently and has not yet had time to be forgotten. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-study.

It is worth noting that the books chosen for the exam are not the most difficult ones. For example, the universally disliked Doctor Zhivago is found in variants extremely rarely, since its study in the codifier of works is called “review”, that is, there will not be a full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov’s prose, a student may prefer either “The Master and Margarita” or “The White Guard”. You don't have to read both novels, just choose the simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the Unified State Exam in literature is very helpful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many poems, which also makes the preparation process easier. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, systematic reading of them guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where you need to select similar works by analogy and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write down your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: “Sea”, Ballad “Svetlana”
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K***” (“I remember a wonderful moment...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson attire...”), “Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”, “I loved you: love still, perhaps...", "Winter Morning", "Demons", "Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet", "Cloud", "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...", "The daylight has gone out...", "Desert Sower of Freedom ...”, “Imitations of the Koran” (IX. “And the tired traveler grumbled at God ...”), “Elegy”, (“The fading fun of crazy years ...”), “... I visited again...”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under a mysterious, cold half-mask...”, “Sail”, “Death of a Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing one worries Niva...", "Duma", "Poet" ("My dagger shines with a golden finish..."), "Three Palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment of life..."), "Both boring and sad", "No, It’s not you that I love so passionately...", "Motherland", "Dream" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan..."), "Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...", "Valerik", "I go out alone on the road…". Poem "Song about... merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony...”, “Railroad”, “On the Road”, “Yesterday, at about six o’clock...”, “You and I are stupid people...”, “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let changing fashion tell us…”), “O Muse! I’m at the door of the coffin...” Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
5. A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth...”, “With one push, drive away a living boat...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Whisper, timid breathing ...", "The night was shining. The garden was full of moonlight. They were lying...", "It was still a May night."
6. A.A. Block: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad...” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”), “On the Railway”, “I Enter Dark Temples...”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About Valor, About Deeds, About Glory...” , “Oh, I want to live crazy…”. Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Getting to sit up”, “Here!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Giveaway sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: “Go you, Rus', my dear!..”, “Don’t wander, don’t crush in the crimson bushes...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, “Letter to the mother,” “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...", "You are my Shagane, Shagane...", "I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry...", "Soviet Rus'", "The road was thinking about the red evening...", "The hewn horns began to sing...", "Rus" , “Pushkin”, “I am walking through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap...", "A low house with blue shutters..."
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems, written so early...”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in the hand...”), “Who is created from stone, who is created from clay...”, “Longing for the homeland! A long time ago...", "Books in red binding", "To Grandmother", "Seven hills - like seven bells!.." (from the series "Poems about Moscow")
10. O.E. Mandelstam: “Notre Dame”, “Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...", "For the explosive valor of the coming centuries...", "I returned to my city, familiar to tears..."
11. A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “Clenched my hands under a dark veil...”, “I don’t need anything
    odic army...", "I had a voice. He called comfortingly...", "Native Land", "Tear-stained autumn, like a widow...", "Seaside Sonnet", "Before spring there are days like this...", "I am not with those who abandoned the earth...", "Poems about St. Petersburg ", "Courage". Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: “February. Get some ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter Night” (“It’s chalk, it’s chalk all over the earth...”), “There will be no one in the house... “,” “It’s snowing,” “About these poems,” “Loving others is a heavy cross...”, “Pines,” “Hoarfrost,” “July.”
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
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Public discussion of the new Unified State Examination model in literature has begun

Text: Natalya Lebedeva/RG
Photo: god-2018s.com

In 2018 graduates Russian schools will take a literature exam using a new model. Demonstration versions of the updated Unified State Exam are already ready, moreover, they have already been tested in 13 regions Russian Federation. 1,000 high school students from 60 educational organizations of different types took part in the experiment. The majority of teachers (94 percent) approved of the changes. And analysis Unified State Exam results showed that the new model is no more complex than the current one.

However, based on the results of testing, the promising model of the Unified State Examination in literature was finalized and is now presented for wide public and professional discussion.

We have studied the demo version and are ready to tell you what graduates of 2018 should prepare for.

The main difference is that in the Unified State Exam 2018 in literature there will be no short-answer tasks at all. All assignments will require you to write detailed answers.

Also in the new model, the number of tasks at the participant’s choice has been increased, but at the same time, as the developers assure, the total number of tasks with a detailed answer remains unchanged: the examinee writes four detailed answers of a limited volume and one essay.

But now it will be easier to complete comparative tasks: the source text will need to be compared with only one work, and not with two, as now.

But the requirements for the length of the essay will become stricter. If previously it was enough to write 200 words, then in the new model it is already 250 words. If the work contains less than 200 words, it will be scored 0 points. The developers also specified the scope of detailed answers for the first part of the exam. Each answer must be at least 50 words.

To increase the objectivity of the assessment, the criteria for assessing detailed answers have been improved. The teachers who took part in testing the new Unified State Exam model insisted on this.

You can get acquainted with the demo version of the updated Unified State Examination in literature on the website Federal Institute pedagogical measurements.

Your comments and suggestions on the promising model of the Unified State Exam in Literature can be sent until the end of March 2017 to the following address: FIPI: [email protected].

Please note that the new examination model in literature will not be used at the Unified State Exam in 2017; its introduction is planned in 2018.

Purpose demo version according to the literature is to enable any participant in the Unified State Examination and the general public to get an idea of ​​the structure of future CMMs, the number of tasks, their form and level of complexity.

The given criteria for assessing the completion of tasks with a detailed answer, included in this option, give an idea of ​​the requirements for the completeness and correctness of recording a detailed answer.

Demo version of the Unified State Exam in Literature 2018 with answers and criteria

Changes in the 2018 Unified State Exam KIM in literature compared to 2017

The criteria for assessing detailed answers have been improved and brought closer to the OGE. The algorithm of expert actions when evaluating detailed answers of different types has been simplified; greater transparency has been ensured in the formation of assessments for individual tasks and the work as a whole (for the expert and the examinee). The changes are aimed at increasing the objectivity of assessment of examination work and strengthening the continuity between forms of final control at different levels school education. Control over the quality of the examinee’s speech has been strengthened (speech is assessed in answers to all tasks).

The requirements for completing comparative tasks 9 and 16 have been clarified: the instructions for them do not require giving a justification for choosing an example for comparison, which is reflected in the criteria for their evaluation.

A fourth task has been introduced in part 2 (the topics of the essays vary, taking into account the genre-generic diversity of literary material and the literary era).

The maximum score for the entire work has been increased from 42 to 57 points. The procedure for appointing 3 experts has been clarified.

Instructions for work and individual tasks have been improved (they more fully, consistently and clearly reflect the requirements of the criteria, give a clear idea of ​​what actions and in what logic the examinee must perform).

Duration of the Unified State Examination 2018 in literature

The duration of the Unified State Examination in literature is 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes).

Structure of KIM Unified State Examination

IN exam paper Two parts are highlighted and continuous numbering of tasks is adopted. CMM includes 17 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 suggests completing assignments containing questions for the analysis of literary works. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of content and artistic structure studied works (topics and problems, heroes and events, artistic techniques, different kinds tropes, etc.), as well as consider specific literary works in connection with the course material.

Part 2 of the work requires Unified State Examination participants to write a full-length, detailed essay in literary theme. Thus, to the literary material worked out in part 1, another substantive component of the course being tested is added. The graduate is offered 4 topics.

The graduate chooses only one of the proposed topics and writes an essay on it, justifying his judgments by referring to the work (from memory). Writing an essay requires a large measure of cognitive independence and is most consistent with the specifics of literature as an art form and academic discipline, which sets as its goals the formation of a qualified reader with a developed aesthetic taste and a need for spiritual, moral and cultural development.

Specification
control measuring materials
for holding a unified state exam
on literature

1. Purpose of KIM Unified State Exam

The Unified State Exam (hereinafter referred to as the Unified State Exam) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs average general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).

The Unified State Examination is conducted in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation.”

Control measuring materials make it possible to establish the level of mastery of the Federal component by graduates state standard secondary (complete) general education in literature, basic and specialized levels.

The results of the Unified State Examination in Literature are recognized educational organizations average vocational education and educational organizations of higher
vocational education as results entrance examinations on literature.

2. Documents defining the content of the Unified State Exam KIM

The content of the examination work is determined on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education (Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated March 5, 2004 No. 1089). Some positions of this document are specified based on the Mandatory minimum content of basic general and secondary (complete) general education in literature, approved by orders of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated May 19, 1998 No. 1236 and dated June 30, 1999 No. 56 (the justification is given in the explanatory note to the codifier of content elements and requirements for the level of training of graduates educational organizations to carry out a unified
state exam in literature).

3. Approaches to selecting content and developing the structure of the Unified State Exam KIM

The principles of selecting the content and developing the structure of the KIM Unified State Examination in literature correspond to the goal of obtaining objective and reliable information about the graduate’s readiness to continue education at humanitarian specialties in organizations of secondary and higher professional education.

The long-term improvement of the Unified State Exam KIM in literature went in the direction of searching for the optimal structure of the examination work, creating a reliable system for assessing it, ensuring the objectivity of the exam results. The number of tasks testing knowledge of particular literary facts was reduced (in 2007, multiple-choice tasks were removed from the examination model: the experiment showed their ineffectiveness and “foreignness” in relation to literature); the number of long-response tasks related to moral issues increased works of art; a typology of tasks of different content was developed; evaluation criteria were clarified; the optimal ratio of tasks of various types in the structure of the examination work was determined, etc.

Each version of the KIM includes tasks that are different in both the form of presentation and the level of complexity, the completion of which reveals the level of mastery by Unified State Exam participants of the main elements of the content of various sections of the course, the degree of formation of subject competencies and general academic skills.

Thus, when passing the Unified State Exam in literature, the examinee is required to activate the most significant types of educational activities: analytical understanding of a literary text, its interpretation, searching for grounds for comparing literary phenomena and facts, writing a reasoned response to problematic issue and so on.

4. Structure of KIM Unified State Exam

The examination paper is divided into two parts and continuous numbering of tasks is adopted. CMM includes 17 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 offers assignments that include questions for the analysis of literary works. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of the content and artistic structure of the studied works (themes and issues, heroes and events, artistic techniques, various types of tropes, etc.) is tested, as well as to consider specific literary works in connection with the course material.

Part 1 includes two sets of tasks.

The first set of tasks relates to a fragment of an epic, or lyric epic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (1-7), requiring the writing of a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers, and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences ( 8, 9).

The second set of tasks relates to a lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (10-14) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (15. 16).

The general structure of part 1 is subordinated to the task of broad content coverage of literary material. Literary texts offered for analysis make it possible to test not only graduates’ knowledge of specific works, but also the ability to analyze the text taking into account its genre affiliation: 2 tasks involve access to a broad literary context (substantiation of the connection of this literary text with other works according to the aspects of comparison specified in the tasks ). Thus, relying on intra-subject connections of the studied course allows for additional coverage of the content of the tested literary material.

Following the proposed work algorithm allows examinees to identify the place and role of the episode (sienna) in the overall structure of the work (analysis of the fragment), and to reveal the plot and composition. figurative and thematic stylistic features analyzed text, summarize your observations in a literary context.

Part 2 The work requires Unified State Examination participants to write a full-length, detailed essay on a literary topic. Thus, to the literary material worked out in part 1, another substantive component of the course being tested is added. The graduate is offered 4 topics (17.1-17.4).

The internal logic of arranging a set of four topics is determined by several approaches. Essay topics cover the most important stages domestic historical and literary process and are formulated according to the works ancient Russian literature, classics of the 18th century.. literature of the 19th century- XXI centuries (including the latest literature of the 1990s - 2000s). The theme set can be used different shapes presenting the task: in the form of a question or thesis (statement). The topics of assignment 17.1-17.4 also differ in the peculiarities of their wording. One of them may be of a literary nature (the literary concept comes to the fore). The other directs the examinee to reflect on the themes and issues of the work(s) of a particular author. The set may contain a topic that guides the examinee to create an essay close to reader's diary. However, it should not be considered as “free”, since it is strictly attached to specific literary material and requires its analysis. Another version of task 17.1-17.4 is a topic close to a literature review. Addressing this type of topic allows the examinee to freely choose the text and gives him the opportunity to express his reading interests.
The graduate chooses only one of the proposed topics and writes an essay on it, justifying his judgments by referring to the work (from memory).

The general model of the literature exam remains the same as in previous years:

• an excerpt from an epic, lyric-epic or dramatic work included in the codifier and seven questions with short answers testing knowledge of the main literary terms(in relation to this work) and the realities of the text;
• two mini-essays on this work (5-10 sentences each) - one with an emphasis on the analysis of the given passage, the other - comparative, where the problems, themes and ideas raised by the author are considered in comparison with other works of similar issues;
• excerpt from lyrical work the entire poem and five questions about it (similar to the first block);
• two mini-essays - also for analysis and comparison;
• an extended essay of 200 words or more on one of the proposed topics (at the examinee’s choice).

There is only one change here - in the last task, graduates will be offered a choice four topics.

Let us recall that previously, to write a detailed essay on the Unified State Exam in literature, it was proposed to choose one of three topics, one for each time period:

• from ancient Russian literature to the first literature half of the 19th century century;
• second half of the 19th century;
• Russian literature of the 20th century.

By 2018 chronological framework of the last period are expanding- it covers the period from late XIX By beginning of XXI century, that is, it now includes the “newest” Russian literature, works that have seen the light of day in recent decades.

And, since there are three periods, and four topics for the essay will be proposed, two topics will “fall out” on one of them of various nature. It is most likely that such “duplicates” will most often relate to the last period - as in the demo version prepared by FIPI, where three classic “program” topics on Griboyedov, Tolstoy and Yesenin are supplemented with post-Soviet literature. However, this is not necessary - in accordance with the specifications for the exam, “double volume” of topics can be presented for any period.

Inclusion of post-Soviet literature in essay topics does not mean that it becomes mandatory for graduates to read any specific authors outside of school curriculum- the names of modern Russian writers did not appear in the codifier. And topics dedicated to the literature of the end XX-early XXI centuries will thus be presented with overview options, allowing the examinee to reveal a given topic based on the material of a work (or works) of his own choice.

New system for assessing the Unified State Examination in literature

Minimal changes to the exam model should not mislead students - a radically new approach to assessment completely shifts the emphasis and requires a change in the approach to preparation.

Previously, the maximum primary score on the Unified State Exam in literature was 42 points, distributed as follows:

• 12 points - for 12 short answer questions;
• 16 points - for 4 short essays (4 for each);
• 14 points - for a “large” essay.

In 2018 number primary points for a job done perfectly, it will immediately “jump” by 15 - up to 47. In this case, the “share” of tasks will change very unevenly:

• for short answer questions 12 points will still be available (21% of total points)
• mini-essays on text analysis will “cost” 5 points each - a total of 10 for both (17.5%);
• the assessment of the ability to immerse a literary work in context increases sharply - for each of the two comparative essays you can get 10 points, total - 20 (35%);
• for an extended essay You can get up to 15 points (26%).

An increase in the number of primary points is good news for graduates who are applying for admission to top universities and expect to pass the Unified State Exam “to the maximum.” The results of the literature exam will become much more differentiated, and one or two mistakes made will no longer have such a radical impact on positions in the ranking. Let us recall that for high-scoring students, the loss of one primary point in literature meant the loss of 4-5 test points at once, while, for example, in Russian the “cost of an error” was significantly lower and amounted to 2-3 points.

However, the “C” students will have to work harder. If previously it was possible to be guaranteed to cross the literature threshold (corresponding to 9 primary points) by memorizing a small number of terms and limiting ourselves to the part with short answers, now this will no longer be possible.

Criteria for assessing essays and detailed answers to the Unified State Exam in Literature 2018

In parallel with the change in the number of points Evaluation criteria are also changing- the scoring system (especially in comparative essays) has become more detailed and “transparent”. In addition, the ability to write accurately and correctly becomes much more significant - points “for speech” are now awarded in all tasks with detailed answers. Recommended length of mini-essays remains the same - from 5 to 10 sentences, while if the graduate can formulate the answer more succinctly (or vice versa - write a more detailed work), “going beyond the scope” will not affect the grade in any way - the main thing is the ability to give a direct and clear answer to the question question.

Mini-essays testing skill analyze a work or its passage (tasks 8 and 15) will be assessed according to the following criteria:

• response matching the question posed- 1 point, and if the work receives a “fail” according to this criterion, it is not checked further;
• reasoning of the expressed judgments and the use of the text of the work to support them - up to 2 points;
• - up to 2 points.

"Expensive" (and quite difficult to write) comparative essays (tasks 9-16) assessed according to three criteria. Moreover, the first two are the main ones - if the test taker receives zero points for at least one of them, the task is considered completely unfulfilled and is not graded. So:

• up to 4 points can be brought by adequate selection of two works for comparison(to get the maximum score, you must select works that correspond to the wording of the task, correctly indicate their names and authorship);
• up to 4 points - the comparison itself (ideally, both selected works are convincingly compared with the source text from a given perspective, and the comparison is made based on the text of the works);
• up to 2 points - lack of logical, factual and speech errors .

Extended essay on literature (task No. 17)- the task that traditionally receives the most attention. Recommended length of work: 200 words or more(including pronouns, prepositions, particles and other function words). If the essay contains less than 150 words, the work is not graded, even if the topic is covered. Additionally, in order for points to be awarded, the work must correspond to the topic and reveal it. By the way, graduates often lose points for essays due to inattentive reading of the wording - for example, in 2017, in an essay that was supposed to be based on modern literature, many chose the works of Simonov and Bulgakov, thereby going beyond the given period.

An essay on the Unified State Exam in Literature in 2018 will be assessed according to the following criteria:

• relevance to the topic- 1 point (if the work is off-topic or meaningless, no points are awarded for other criteria);
• the reasoning of the opinions expressed and the use of the text of a literary work to confirm them, including the presence of references to specific episodes and characters - up to 2 points;
• use of basic concepts of literary theory- up to 2 points, and in order to get the maximum score for this criterion, it is no longer enough just to use words such as “novel”, “conflict” or “hero” in the text - you need to isolate at least one artistic medium, fundamentally important for the development of the topic;
• compositional concept essays, proportionality of parts relative to each other, integrity of the work - up to 2 points;
• consistency of presentation - up to 2 points;
• absence from text factual errors - up to 3 points;
• absence speech errors- up to 3 points.