Add a quote icon. Quote correctly! (Text design). How to cite, citing the source

Hello girls and boys! It’s not like me, but I still decided to write an informative article. This article is about such well-known and frequently used signs as (c), ™, (R) and the slightly less well-known (ↄ).

So let's start with Copyright sign - (With)(Latin letter “c” from the English “copyright” - i.e. “copyright”, if in Russian). What does this symbol mean, and why do gnomeks living on VKontakte put it at the end of quotes, poems and other products of mental masturbation? And they put it in order to indicate that this is a copy-paste (the moped is not mine...), and in response to the question: “why exactly the Copyright Mark?” refer to Lurk.

"(c) , and (ts); a mark that is placed on content, ineptly imitating a copyright symbol; to the object of the morning fap Topics ( this refers to the warm and tender attitude towards copyright law of many publishers and “creators”, and in particular they hint at Artemy Lebedev). On one's own
on forums and on other Internets it is used to highlight and underline a certain well-known quote. It is usually assumed that the author of the quote is also widely known, and therefore is not indicated, but the quote itself serves as an argument. .."
"Sometimes the author writes his name or nickname afterwards, as if trying to tell us that he has a brain and even knows how to type."

That is, (c) here means that the text under which this squiggle is placed is a copy, and the person who posted it is not the author of the text. Here that’s how it’s accepted, yes... and it’s quite funny, since initially (c) it was (yes, in fact, it is still considered as such in some circles) with a symbol denoting a statement of authorship of the text (or other product of mental labor).

Quote not from Wiki:
“The icon is necessary in order to show your exclusive right to the work and the inaccessibility of free copying by third parties. It is recommended to place the icon at the bottom of the site or after each blog post."

Thus, Pasha Barsukov writes on his wall in VK: “The Tao, which can be expressed in words, is not a permanent Tao. (c)” thus declaring his copyright on the quotation from the Tao De Ching and prohibiting its copying by third parties o_O. It’s another matter when the text is posted by someone Horseradish
Khrenov, since most likely this is still a nickname, and not the name of an individual (however, sometimes we are not so lucky with names) and therefore this sign has no force and can be regarded as the notorious designation of copy-paste.

So (c) is put by some to indicate copy-paste (where it came from is a mystery to me) and this is more of a meme than a copyright statement (i.e. completely opposite in meaning).

Next we have "™" And "(R)", which many people like to put next to their name. Here everything is much simpler for me, because these fashionable icons are well written on Lurka.

Quote:
"™ (eng. Trade Mark, russian trademark) is a sign. Reminds me of something , used after the name of a product to emphasize
that this name is registered and cannot be used. In this Russia, the ™ sign doesn’t mean anything at all. By law, you can use the ® sign, the words “trademark” or “registered trademark”.

That is, if you want to give your name, face, left hand or other part of the body the status of a trademark, which no one can use without your consent, stick it on T-shirts, draw it in entrances and on icons, but at the same time you can sell it yourself , rent out, and look out in every possible way then put (R ). The only caveat: the sign (R) will not have any force (except for giving a certain semantic connotation to the object to which it is attached, of course (about the meanings in the article from lurka)) if it is not registered with the relevant authorities. The ™ sign, as we found out, has no force at all in Russia. So it goes.

Well, and about the known to a lesser extent (ↄ) (apparently because the symbol "(ↄ)" is a little more difficult to enter than " " since it is not available in Unicode, which is explained by the conspiracy theory as "due to the dislike of information corporations and publishers for this sign (explanation below)"). This sign is pronounced with the mouth as "copyleft" (copyleft - a play on words... copyleft, copyright - it’s clear, right?).

The sign (ↄ) in contrast to (c) does not prohibit the use of a product of mental labor without the knowledge of the author, but, on the contrary, prohibits the commercial use of it and any restrictions on it ( and its modifications, products created on its basis) distribution to anyone. The history of the sign is quite interesting, and seems to hint at why this sign is not so loved on the Internet. The concept of copyleft originated in the early 80s of the last century. Its author is considered to be Richard Stallman (although there is an opinion that its author could also be our compatriot - Evgeniy Leonidovich Kosarev - a leading researcher at the Kapitsa Research Institute (at that time), since at the same time he voiced a concept similar to Stolpanovskaya). This concept was developed in relation to software and setting itself the task of free distribution of software to accelerate scientific processes in society and maintain the purity of research from commercial purposes; one of its points stated that not only software intended for free distribution (and accordingly certified by the (ↄ)) should be distributed free of charge, but programs created on its basis, its modifications and upgrades should also be distributed freely and no one has the right to restrict access to them. It is clear that this concept was not supported by the information giants, and indeed by all those who make money by limiting access to information (or by providing it). And even more so, those who like to sell plagiarism, bypassing the copyright law, were not particularly happy with such thoughts
right through various tricks.

For those who like the above icons: , ™ , ® , (ↄ).

This text was written for the benefit of all living beings. OM guys!

(ↄ) Luka Krivorukov

Quotes can decorate the text, confirming or revealing more widely the idea expressed by the author, therefore, they are probably willingly used both in journalism and in scientific works. But sometimes introducing a quotation into a text can cause difficulties in terms of punctuation.

In this article we will try to remember the rules for formatting quotes when in different ways including them in the text. Let us remember which words need to be used, as well as ways to highlight certain words in the quoted passage.

What is a quotation: example

A quotation is a verbatim reproduction of what was said, while being inextricably linked in meaning to the text in which the passage is included.

Old age is, first of all, experience accumulated throughout life. As the great Faina Ranevskaya once said: “Memories are the wealth of old age.”

Combining several passages from different parts of the work in one quotation is not allowed. They should be formatted as different quotes. An obligatory requirement is the presence of an indication of its source.

If the passage you quote does not begin at the beginning of the original sentence, then an ellipsis is placed there in the quotation. This sign is also placed in place of all missing words in the passage.

“... An intelligent person knows how to get out of a difficult situation, but a wise person never gets into it,” Ranevskaya emphasized.

As the author or source of the quoted passage is indicated

In this article we will not talk about how a bibliographic footnote is formatted, but we will discuss the ways in which the author or source of what is cited is indicated. Good manners require you to do this every time you use someone else's thoughts.

“Incompetent people have a tendency to reach categorical and categorical conclusions” (David Dunning).

Please note that in this version there is no period after the quotation; it is placed only after the link! By the way, if the first word in brackets indicating the source is not a proper name, then it is written with a small letter.

“Incompetent people have a tendency to draw unambiguous and categorical conclusions” (from an article by psychologist David Dunning).

If the formatting of quotations in the text requires the name of the author or their source to be placed on another line, then they are written without parentheses or other punctuation marks. And after the quote itself there is a period or any necessary sign.

Incompetent people have a tendency to draw unambiguous and categorical conclusions.

David Dunning

The same rule applies to epigraphs.

Highlights within quotes

If the passage cited as a quotation contains author’s emphases, they are preserved in the same form as in the original source. The design of citations does not require special emphasis on the fact that these marks belong to the author. In cases where the citing person wants to highlight something, he must make an appropriate footnote. To do this, indicate in brackets: “my italics” or “emphasized by me” - and put initials.

A. Startsev spoke about the writer O. Henry: “Endowed by nature with the rare gift of seeing the funny..., he encountered the tragic in life..., but in most cases I preferred to remain silent about it(my italics - I.I.).”

“The literary tradition that unites their names (Gogol and Ostrovsky - I.I.) is significant. After all, Ostrovsky was initially perceived as a direct successor of Gogol’s work...”

Ways in which quotations are put into context

Quotes can be introduced into a sentence as direct speech. In these cases, in the Russian language they are placed in the same way as when highlighting direct speech.

I. Zakharov emphasizes: “Ranevskaya handed down cruel rulings to others that looked like court decisions. But she didn’t spare herself either.”

In cases where the quote must be separated by the words of the author, it looks like this:

“His Majesty remains completely confident,” wrote A.S. Pushkin A.Kh. Benkendorf, - that you will use your excellent abilities to pass on to posterity the glory of our Fatherland ... "

If the quotation is an addition, or it is included in a subordinate clause, then no signs other than quotation marks are placed, and the quotation itself begins with a small letter, even if in the source it was written with a capital letter:

At one time, the philosopher J. Locke said that “there is nothing in the intellect that is not in feeling.”

at the end of the quote

Separately, you need to consider the design of a quotation in a letter in situations where it is necessary to decide on the punctuation marks at the end of it - before and after the quotation marks.

• If the quoted phrase ends with an ellipsis, question mark or exclamation mark, then they are placed before the quotation marks:

She exclaimed: “By obeying all the rules, you are depriving yourself of many pleasures!”

• And in a situation where there are no signs before the quotation marks in the quotation, a period is placed at the end of the sentence, but only after them:

Ranevskaya lamented: “85 years with diabetes is not sugar.”

• If the quote is part subordinate clause, then a period should be placed after the quotation marks, even if there is already an exclamation mark, a question mark or an ellipsis before them:

Marlene Dietrich rightly believed that “tenderness is a better proof of love than the most passionate vows...”.

Lowercase or at the beginning of the quote?

If a quotation is placed after a colon, then you need to pay attention to what letter it began with in the original source. If it is with a lowercase letter, then the quote is written with a small letter, only an ellipsis is placed before the text:

Describing A.S. Pushkina, I.A. Goncharov emphasized: “...in the gestures accompanying his speech there was the restraint of a secular, well-bred man.”

If the quoted passage begins with capital letter, then the quotations are formatted in the same way as in direct speech - with a capital letter after the colon.

V. Lakshin wrote about A.N. Ostrovsky: “Many things continue to sound in these plays with living joy and pain, echoing in our soul.”

Some more nuances of noting quotes

How to indicate a quotation if you only need to quote one word or phrase? In such cases, the given word is enclosed in quotation marks and introduced into the sentence with a small letter:

V. Lakshin emphasized that the faces in Ostrovsky’s comedies are historically accurate and “ethnographically vivid.”

In situations where the original source of the quotation is not freely available (there is no translation into Russian or this is a rare publication), then when quoting you should indicate: “cit. By".

Is it possible to change anything in the quoted passage?

Formatting quotations requires not only compliance with the rules of punctuation, but also a correct attitude towards the quoted text. On the part of the author of the article in which these passages are given, only a few deviations from their original state are allowed:

• use of modern spelling and punctuation, if the manner of writing and placement of characters does not indicate individual style author;
• restoration of abbreviated words, but with the obligatory conclusion of the added part in, for example, sv-vo - svo[yst]vo;
• the design of quotations also allows for the omission of individual words in them, with the location of the omission indicated by an ellipsis, if this does not distort the general meaning of the quoted passage;
• when turned on individual phrases or words, you can change their case so as not to violate syntactic structure phrases in which they are included.

If the author needs to further express his attitude to the quoted passage or to some of its words, he, as a rule, places a question mark or exclamation mark enclosed in parentheses after them.

Not only punctuation marks in Russian should serve to convey a quote

For an author writing a scientific or literary work, a quotation is a convincing and economical technique that allows you to present facts to the reader, generalize them and, of course, confirm your idea with reference to authoritative sources.

In non-scientific texts, quotation is often a means of emotional impact. But we must not forget that the passage quoted must be conveyed accurately. Indeed, even in the definition of the concept “quote” it is emphasized that this is a verbatim excerpt from a text. And from this it follows that not only the text itself, but also the punctuation marks that the author has, as well as the emphasis that he has, must be reproduced without distortion.

And this can equally be attributed to both official documents and emotional excerpts from fiction. Only by remembering this can you fully understand what a quote is. An example of respect for the quoted material is, first of all, respect for the author who wrote the lines you quote.

Interviews, films, TV series, even from computer games- users are happy to post them on their walls, repost and like them. In this regard, it would be nice to remember how to format quotes correctly. Of course, there are quite a lot of rules for quoting and formatting quotations, however, for the average user it is enough to know the basic

Highlighting a quote in the text

There are three ways to indicate that a given text is a quotation. The first is using quotation marks.

“It is much easier to die than to steadfastly endure a martyr’s life” (Johann Wolfgang Goethe. The Sorrows of Young Werther).

The second is highlighting in cursive or smaller font (for example, regular text is typed in 14th, and the quote is typed in 12th).

“A person fears death the more, the less he truly lives his life and the greater his unrealized potential.”(Irwin Yalom).

And the third method is the so-called “retractable set”. That is, the quote is typed indented in relation to the main text.

In this case, quotation marks are not necessary.

Indication of the author and source of citation

We won’t talk about how to format a bibliographic footnote - we don’t really need that. But it is often necessary to correctly indicate the name of the author and the cited work. So, if the indication of the author or source comes immediately after the quotation, then it is enclosed in parentheses. The period after the quotation marks is not placed, but after the closing parenthesis.

“Seeing the battle from the outside, everyone fancies himself a strategist” (Kozma Prutkov).

Moreover, if the first word indicating the source or author is not a proper name, then it is written with a small letter.

"Words are the least effective remedy communication. They are the most open to misinterpretation and the most often misunderstood" (from Conversations with God by Neale Donald Walsh).

If the name of the author and the source are indicated below the quotation, on the next line, then they are written without parentheses or any other punctuation marks. In this case, after the quotation there is a period (or another sign, as in the original).

Who has deceived you as often as you have?

Benjamin Franklin

The same rule applies to epigraphs.

Highlights within a quote

Author's selections, as a rule, are preserved in the form as they appear in the source. If for some reason this is not possible, then replace it with another type of selection. Usually it is not specifically stated that this is the author’s emphasis. But if the emphasis belongs to the quoted one, then this must be indicated. To do this, write “emphasized by me” or “italics mine” in parentheses and put your initials.

Punctuation marks when quoting

I will be extremely brief here, since these rules formatting quotes can be found in the textbook. If a quotation is preceded by words from the quotator warning that there will be a further quotation, then a colon is added.

E. Hemingway correctly noted: “We become stronger where we break.”

However, if after the quotation (or inside) there are words of the quotator introducing the quotation into the text, then a period is added.

Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach said this exactly. “The inimitable is precisely what evokes the majority of imitators,” he wrote.

If the quotation is an addition or part of a subordinate clause, then no marks are added.

Bruce Lee once said that “truth is living, therefore changeable.”

If there is an ellipsis, exclamation or question mark at the end of a phrase, they are placed before the quotation marks. There is no point.

Stanislaw Jerzy Lec wittily remarked: “So you hit the wall with your head. What are you going to do in the next cell?”

If there are no signs before the quotation marks, then put a period. But after the quotation marks (or after indicating the author/source).

George Bernard Shaw said: " Man of sense adapts to the world; unreasonable - persistently tries to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, progress depends on unreasonable people."

If the quotation is not an independent sentence, but part of a subordinate clause, then a period is placed after the quotation marks even if there is an ellipsis, question mark or exclamation mark before the quotation marks.

B. L. Pasternak emphasized that “the most clear, memorable and important thing in art is its emergence...”.

What letter does the quote start with?

If a sentence is quoted from the very beginning, then the quotation naturally begins with a capital letter. If the beginning of the sentence is omitted, the quotation begins with a small letter.

Dale Carnegie notes: "... a man who is happy in marriage is much happier than a genius living alone."

However, if we begin a new sentence with a quotation, then it is written with a capital letter, regardless of whether we quote the entire sentence or cut out a part.

“... A man who is happily married is much happier than a genius living alone,” notes Dale Carnegie.

When composing and formatting text in Word, the question sometimes arises: how to highlight a quote in the text? The answer to this is based on two levels at once.

In punctuation rules and in the tools of Word itself.

After all, highlighting a quote is far from the simplest action and it must be done not only correctly, but also competently. The office suite itself can only tell you that everything needs to be done correctly. But it won’t do this for the user.

If the quote option appears on the forums (i.e., quoting), then trying to register this CD in Word is not the best idea. The result is simply a separate set of characters. So what should you do?

Using Rules

Well, you can do everything manually. Yes, it is a little difficult and you need to remember correctly what to do and how to do it. The rules remain unchanged and these same rules must be followed. And there were quite a lot of them upon closer examination. The first option when creating a quote is to use the following construction:

Bryusov wrote: “Alexander will not hear the arguments of the violent diadochi.”

The quote itself is highlighted with quotation marks. The required text, which belongs to the author, is enclosed in quotation marks. This is the emphasis when quoting. In principle, this is how everyone is used to highlighting quotes. But let's look at the example in more detail.

If we use the phrase itself, “Alexander will not hear the arguments of the violent diadochi,” then the quote is simply closed in quotation marks. Why is there a colon here? IN in this case a reference to the author himself is used. But this reference comes before the quote itself, so there is a colon.

What if the author is mentioned after the quotation? “Alexander will not hear the arguments of the violent diadochi,” says Bryusov in his poem. The quoted text takes on this form. That is, after it, when the quotes are closed, a dash is placed. A bit similar to the direct speech rule, but differs in the absence of a dash at the beginning. An incorrect quotation would be:

- Alexander will not hear the arguments of the violent diadochi. - said Bryusov.

This structure of the text is suitable for direct speech, but not for quotation. Quotes are highlighted with quotation marks.

What if the quote precedes the text? Are any punctuation marks needed? The unequivocal answer is that they are needed. But only if they were added by the author. And what does the quotation become in this case? Epigraph.

They put forward their own demands on him. We will not dwell on them. Because we are more interested in how to highlight a quote in Word text.

Using Word to highlight quotes

The following text is intended for correctly highlighting quotes in a text editor. And from the theoretical part of writing literacy we move on to the practical. How to do this or that action.

The text is usually placed on the right side of the document. Subject to all citation rules. By the way, not all of them are listed above. This is a fairly simple action that requires minimal effort from the user.

1. We take the text itself and select it.
2. In the paragraph section we find the symbol marked in red. It corresponds to the “Align Right” function.
3. Click on this symbol and as a result the text is shifted in the indicated direction.

Note: A similar effect can be achieved using the key combination “Ctrl+R”. After all, almost every action in the editor can be done using hotkeys.

This method has one drawback. If the quote is too long, it will reach the left edge of the page. Although according to generally accepted rules it should go no further than the middle (or even a third) of the sheet. Therefore, the following method will also come in handy.

Move a quote using a ruler

A good option for highlighting quotes in the text is a ruler. This tool is designed to change the position of text on a page. It works with already typed text and text that will be typed.

The trick is to highlight the selected fragments, and not change the settings for the entire sheet at once. You can read more about the line in a separate article.

Sequencing:

1. Select the required text.
2. Above the text you can see a tool called "Ruler".
3. Left-click on the top slider or both. And we drag it to the required distance.
4. The dotted line tells you where the text will be shifted.

Using a ruler, you can limit the space occupied by text on a page. This will make the quote stand out. Works not only in front of text. But also when adding a quote to the text itself.

It should be remembered that if a quotation is indented, then there is no need to highlight it with quotation marks. You just need to indicate the author or leave only the text of the quote.

Highlighting quotes with quotation marks and other useful tools

The method of highlighting quoted text with quotation marks is very simple. After all, the quote character can be obtained in several ways:

1. Hold “Shift” and press the “2” button. Thus, the following quotation marks are placed: “”. The only thing to remember is that if you do not close the quotes, then the next time you enter them they will already be closed. The editor himself suggests that the closing character may have been missed.
2. Change layout to English language. Hold down the “Shift” button and press the button on the keyboard that corresponds to the Russian “E”. Simply put, type a capital “E” in the English layout. This produces the following characters: “”. The opening and closing rule also applies here.
3. Any of these characters can be obtained through insertion. To do this you will need:
   • go to the “Insert” section at the top of the document;
   • select “Symbol”;
   • select “Other symbols” and find the required quotes in the list;
   • Click "Insert".

After this, the selected quotation marks will appear in the text.

The last method requires knowledge of the theoretical part of Word rather than any useful skills. Each character has its own encoding. It is entered while holding down the “Alt” button.

• " - "0171";
• "-"0187";
• „ – “0132”;
• “ – “0147”;
• ” – “0148”.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The symbol will not appear until Alt is released. And what is much more important is that you need to type numbers on the numeric keypad. When the “Num Lock” key is turned on (the corresponding indicator will light up).

This method is the most difficult, which is why it is described at the end. But now, taking into account all the ways to insert and highlight a quote in a document, it will not be so difficult.