The theme of the Motherland appears more than once in Blok’s poems; Alexander loved his country and carried this love from the first to the last line of his work. In 1909, the poem “Russia” was written, in which the poet shows his vision of the fatherland with its pros and cons. An analysis of the poem will help you understand Blok’s thoughts and views.
In the first lines, the poet shows one of the main Russian problems - roads. The wheels got stuck in a loose rut both at the beginning of the 20th century and a century later. Painted wheel spokes are shown against the background of the road. This shows well inner world a Russian man who does not forget about the personal, but does not pay attention to the public - the quality of the roads. For the time being, of course - when trouble comes and the enemy stands at the gate, then the state matter dominates the personal one.
Rus' in the heart of Blok
Further, the poet writes that with all the poverty of Russia, with all its grayness in the provinces, the country is dear to his heart in any form. Brilliant St. Petersburg and the dull village form a single whole, complementing each other and forming in this symbiosis a country called Russia.
Blok has love for the Motherland, but no pity, as can be seen from the lines:
I don't know how to feel sorry for you
And I carefully carry my cross...
Pity is condescension, but the poet does not have such feelings for Russia; he is above condescension, accepting Rus' in all its diversity, where robber beauty is combined with the grayness of huts, and across the road there is a church and a tavern. This versatility and sincerity in everything does not allow Rus' to disappear and disappear:
You won't be lost, you won't perish,
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features...
The greatness and poverty of Russia
Yes, care has more than once darkened the brow of the Motherland, but it has never been broken by any sorcerer. There were Mongol-Tatars, the Swedes and Napoleon came, and Russia was only clouded with care, exchanged the plow for a sword and everything returned to normal - gray huts, loose roads, wind songs and painted knitting needles.
The river is noisier with one tear.
A lot of tears have accumulated in the river over centuries of history, but the water has not overflowed the banks, on which even today, like a century ago, girls in a patterned scarf sing songs in the evenings, and men repair the seine. Subtly playing with the threads of symbolism, the author of the poem shows a multifaceted image of Russia, in which brilliance and poverty, heroism and the dullness of everyday life go hand in hand.
Infinity of the road
At the end of the poem, Blok repeats the eternal truth that in Rus' even the impossible is possible. The ending again returns us to the road, where the coachman’s song, so dear to the poet’s heart, sounds, and in the road dust, no, no, and the burning gaze of a local beauty flashes from under a scarf.
In the poem, Blok confesses his love to the Motherland, despite all its shortcomings. Comparing Russia with a girl whom a sorcerer wants to deceive, the author predicts a long future for the country, because the girl still has to become a woman and give birth to a new life.
Unfortunately, Russia today remains that modest and beautiful girl who never manages to become a woman, although this is not Blok’s fault...
Again, like in the golden years,
Three worn out flapping harnesses,
And the painted knitting needles knit
Into loose ruts...
Russia, poor Russia,
I want your gray huts,
Your songs are windy to me -
Like the first tears of love!
I don't know how to feel sorry for you
And I carefully carry my cross...
Which sorcerer do you want?
Give me your robber beauty!
Let him lure and deceive, -
You won't be lost, you won't perish,
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features...
Well, one more thing to worry about -
The river is noisier with one tear,
And you are still the same - forest and field,
Yes, the patterned board goes up to the eyebrows...
And the impossible is possible
The long road is easy
When the road flashes in the distance
An instant glance from under a scarf,
When it rings with guarded melancholy
The dull song of the coachman!..
The poem "Russia" is read by V Tatarsky. Excellent reading, in which you can feel the depth of the lines.
Composition
The theme of the homeland, Russia, is the cross-cutting theme of Alexander Alexandrovich Blok’s lyrics. On one of latest performances poet, where he read a variety of his poems, Blok was asked to read poems about Russia. “It’s all about Russia,” Blok answered and did not bend his heart, because the “Russian theme” was near and dear to him. One way or another, almost all of the poet’s work can be attributed to this topic.
Blok’s poem “Russia,” written in 1908, is the most famous of the “Motherland” series. It combines a feeling of love for the homeland and faith in its future revival. The poem begins with an image of a road:
Again, like in the golden years,
Three worn out flapping harnesses,
And the painted knitting needles knit
Into loose ruts...
What does the author mean by the phrase “golden years”? What time does Blok compare modernity with? It can be assumed that this paraphrase refers to the golden age of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol. A lot of time has passed since then, but Russia does not change, it is still the same.
To reveal the image of the Motherland, the antithesis of “painted spokes” - “loose ruts” is very important. This is a country where incredible wealth and terrible poverty coexist. A lot of money is spent on “painted spokes”, and not on improving Russian roads.
But Russia for the most part remains poor:
Russia, poor Russia,
I want your gray huts,
Your songs are windy to me -
Like the first tears of love!
The author talks about peasant Russia, where poverty really reigns. He calls “gray huts” the personification of just such a homeland. We understand that Blok does not describe urban Russia, with its luxurious palaces, squares, and art monuments. No, it is the rural homeland with its space, breadth and poverty that is dear to the author. The poet compares Russian “wind songs” with “the first tears of love.” This means that a feeling of love for Russia permeated the poet’s soul.
I don't know how to feel sorry for you
And I carefully carry my cross...
Which sorcerer do you want?
Give back the robber's beauty!
The lyrical hero sees everything that happens to his beloved Russia. He is tormented by the awareness of the troubles and misfortunes that fill the fate of his country. But the hero readily bears his cross. He feels like a Russian person through and through and is not going to retreat from the fate of his homeland.
The last two lines characterize the history of Russia, which willingly gives itself into the hands of any “sorcerer.” Many rulers of Rus' are hidden in this image, “luring” and “deceiving” her, like a naive girl with “robber beauty.” But the author understands: no matter what happens, Russia “will not be lost, will not perish.” It is, in its essence, stronger than all troubles and disasters. “And only care will cloud” her “beautiful features.” Over the years, the poet’s favorite country does not change:
Well? One more concern -
The river is noisier with one tear,
And you are still the same - forest and field,
Yes, the patterned board goes up to the eyebrows...
Russia has shed a whole stream of tears, so one more misfortune is like another drop falling into the river. But misfortunes do not dim the beauty of the country.
The last stanza consists of six lines because it is the most important. It is here that the author expresses his main idea: despite everything, Russia is an amazing country where “the impossible is possible.” Blok even poeticizes the suffering of the simple peasant people. Long road flies by unnoticed for him, “when the muffled song of the coachman rings with melancholy, wary melancholy!..”.
From this poem we see how much A. A. Blok loves Russia, sincerely worries about it and glorifies it in his work. The motif of the road, longing, but at the same time confidence that the poet’s long-suffering homeland has a future runs through the entire work.
Sections: Literature
Target: formation of national identity, civic position, sense of patriotism; nurturing love and respect for literary values and culture.
Equipment: multimedia installation.
I. Reading the epigraph written on the board.
I have experienced a lot personally and was a participant
several, quickly replacing each other, eras of Russian life.
How do you understand the meaning of these words?
II. A.A. Blok as an outstanding Russian symbolist poet.
A.A. Blok was born in 1880 and died in 1921. What eras of Russian life did Blok experience? (revolutions of 1905, 1907, 1917) : Blok lived and died at the turn of the century. The turn of the century is often felt by people as a time of waiting for change, a time of radical change in life. This was the border between the 20th and 21st centuries recently, and this was the border more than a hundred years ago in the 19th and 20th centuries. Then, before the beginning of the 20th century, Blok was 20 years old.
Slide No. 1 - 7 (see presentation).
Teacher: The escalation of the events of the 1st Russian Revolution strengthens Blok's social sensitivity. He sees that the real world has remained unchanged, not transformed, alien to the Ideal.
Reality bursts into Blok's poems, mysticism merges with everyday life, and a single image of the Eternal Femininity disintegrates into heterogeneous female faces.
The most famous poem of this period is “Stranger”.
Blok becomes one of the most famous and beloved Russian poets, the most prominent representative of Russian symbolism.
: symbolism (writing in a notebook) Slide No. 8Slide show and commentary
Slide No. 9 - 12
In 1908, Blok’s poem appeared under the significant title “Russia”. Slide No. 13
The first printed text of the poem contained exactly these lines.
Why do you think the poet abandoned the first 12 lines of this passage? (the image of a “stranger” appeared)
Blok always shares his blood connection with the environment that raised him, with teenage years, felt with particular acuteness... No wonder Blok compares Rus' with a wife and mother.
Since ancient times, the native land, its victories and troubles, anxieties and joys, has been the main theme of Russian literature. Almost all poets of the 19th century dedicated inspired lines to Rus' and Russia. For the “brightly bright and beautifully decorated” Motherland, Russian squads, warriors of Prince Igor, and heroes of the Kulikovo field went into battle. The great name of Russia beat in their hearts, it forced painters to take up their brushes, it sounded in the music of composers and the works of sculptors.
Before you is the sculpture “Russia” by N.A. Lavretsky, created in 1896.
Slide No. 14, 15 Comments on the slides
Slide No. 16 Comments on the slide
III. The poem “Russia”: the image of the Motherland as a symbol of faith in the future.
Reading a poem by heart.
How did you understand the meaning of the poem?IV. Analysis of the poem:
Stanza 1: mark the word “again”. What does it mean?
(All this happened a long time ago and is happening again)
Harness-1. part of the harness, a belt attached at 2 ends to a collar and passing along the sides and back of the horse.2. In a pair harness: wide straps replacing a collar.
Why are the harnesses worn out?
What artistic techniques does the author use in this stanza?
(Alliteration “Three worn out flapping harnesses...”, epithets : “worn harnesses, painted knitting needles”)
What impression does alliteration leave?
Stanza 2: find epithets.
How do you understand the expression “songs of the wind”?
Listen to more poems about the homeland of S. Yesenin and A. TolstoyReading the poem by S. Yesenin “Swamps and swamps...” and “You are my land, my native land” by A.K. Tolstoy by heart.
Swamps and swamps,
Blue board of heaven.
The forest rings with pine gold.
A tit shades between the forest curls,
Dark spruce trees dream
The hubbub of mowers.
Through the meadow with a creak
The convoy is dragging -
The wheels smell of dry linden
The willows are listening
Wind whistle.
You are my forgotten land,
You are my native land.
S. Yesenin
You are my land, my dear land,
Horse racing in the wild
In the sky the cry of flocks of eagles,
Wolf's voice in the field!
Goy, my Motherland!
Goy you, dense forest!
The midnight nightingale's whistle,
Wind, steppe and clouds!
A.K. Tolstoy
What do these verses have in common?
Which general image Does Rus' appear in these poems? ( image of the wind)
We call this image archetypal.DICTIONARY: Archetype - the original image, the motive underlying universal human symbolism (written in a notebook).
How do you understand the phrase: “And I carefully carry my cross”? (The cross is a symbol of the suffering of one person for all.)
(Blok creates a new mythology: the image of a sorcerer appears who wants to kidnap the “robber beauty” of Russia. The expression “beautiful features” reminds us of the image Beautiful Virgin, which finds a new embodiment in the image of Russia. Blok writes about the invisible spiritual essence of Russia).
The word sorcerer has 2 meanings: 1) a wizard, a sorcerer who works miracles with the help of evil spirits; 2) a person who captivates and makes an irresistible impression. In what sense do you think this word is used in Blok’s poem?
Why does Blok call the “beauty” of Russia not humble, but “robbery”?
Stanza 6: How does the last stanza differ from the previous ones?
Name antitheses in the last stanza (“the impossible is possible”; “the distance of the road” is something infinitely long and “instant glance”; “the dull song of the coachman” - “rings”).
- What other images can be called archetypal? (image of a road and a troika galloping along it).What image appears in the first and last stanzas of the poem? (Blok begins and ends the poem with the image of a road).
What impression does the use of this literary device leave?
What word is repeated twice in the poem? (song)
Name the epithets for these words. (“Songs of the wind”, “deaf song of the coachman”)
Why does Blok repeat this word?
What size is the poem written in? (iambic tetrameter)
What is the rhyme in the organization of the verse? (crossover, alternating male and female)
What image of Russia did Blok create? (beautiful, immense, feminine, reborn)
What feelings towards the Motherland are combined in this poem?
Why, despite gloomy thoughts, does the poet still express confidence that the homeland “will not be lost”, “will not perish”, that “the impossible is possible”?
Do you agree with the statement that the image of Russia in this poem by Blok becomes a symbol of faith in the future? Why, justify your answer.
Blok's creativity is distinguished by deep unity, organicity and intense dynamism of development. The poems are filled with faith in the high mission of the poet, with an awareness of the complex contradictions of life. Blok's name was perceived by the reader as a symbol of modernity. His poetic sincerity, reflected both in personality and in creativity, embodied the ideas of an entire generation about the pre-revolutionary decade and about itself.V. Expressive reading poems.
VI. Homework: poem “Russia” by heart.
Blok’s poem “Russia” is built on the principle of contrast, a sharp collision of ideas and images. Already in the first stanza, times are compared: the “golden years” and modernity - this comparison was very relevant for Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, shaken by wars, revolutions and social catastrophes:
Again, like in the golden years,
Three worn out and flapping harnesses...
Three erased harnesses mean a poetic allusion to the image of Rus'-troika - a symbol of “unstoppable” movement and power. This famous image was used at the end of the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls". Allusion means a hint, an indication; it is a technique used in a literary work. The contrast is completed by a combination of images: “painted spokes” that get stuck in the impassable mud of the road. This contrast repeats the motifs of the road from Gogol’s poem. The three worn-out harnesses also represent an almost elusive hint of the three historical principles of Russian statehood - Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality. Thus, in the first stanza the complex problems of time are symbolically conveyed in its cultural and historical light.
The second stanza develops the images and ideas of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Motherland” (1841), which compares wealth, poverty and creativity of the Russian people:
I see a complete threshing floor
A hut covered with straw
Window with carved shutters...
Blok’s lyrical hero sees with deep sadness “poor Russia”, “gray huts”, hears heartbreaking “wind songs”, but for him this sadness is of the same nature as man’s strongest love, which he calls “the first tears of love”. Motives appear in the poem love lyrics, which will develop in the following stanzas into the theme of love for Russia.
Another important artistic device for Blok’s poem “Russia” is personification. In the third - fifth stanzas, the image of Russia-the Motherland acquires the features of a female image. At first, Russia is depicted abstractly:
Which sorcerer do you want?
Give me your robber beauty!
Then the fate of Russia is compared with the fate of a woman:
You won’t be lost, you won’t perish,
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features...
The verb “clouds” introduces extensive personification into the poem, an almost complete identification of natural and human traits and images:
And you are still the same - forest and field,
Yes, the patterned board goes up to the eyebrows...
The face of a beautiful Russian woman appears in the natural landscape of her native land.
In the last stanza of the poem “Russia” by Blok, opposite, even incompatible ideas and images are placed side by side: “impossible” - “possible”, “long road” - “easy”, “distance of the road” - “instant glance”, “ringing” - “ dull song." This technique in poetry is called an oxymoron (from the Greek. oxymoron - witty-stupid) and consists in combining concepts and definitions that are opposite in meaning, as a result of which new meanings arise. Thus, the poetic thought of the last stanza summarizes the contradictory states of the lyrical hero, who mourns the plight of the Motherland and at the same time loves it with an incomprehensible love, like Lermontov’s lyrical hero in the poem “Motherland”. Therefore, the use of the oxymoron device at the end of the work expresses unshakable faith in the future of Russia, despite all its disasters.
Again, like in the golden years,
Three worn out flapping harnesses,
And the painted knitting needles knit
Into loose ruts...
Russia, poor Russia,
I want your gray huts,
Your songs are like wind to me, -
Like the first tears of love!
I don't know how to feel sorry for you
And I carefully carry my cross...
Which sorcerer do you want?
Give me your robber beauty!
Let him lure and deceive, -
You won't be lost, you won't perish,
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features...
Well? One more concern -
The river is noisier with one tear
And you are still the same - forest and field,
Yes, the patterned board goes up to the eyebrows...
And the impossible is possible
The long road is easy
When the road flashes in the distance
An instant glance from under a scarf,
When it rings with guarded melancholy
The dull song of the coachman!..
Analysis of the poem “Russia” by Alexander Blok
A. Blok is a unique poet with his own special view of the world. His beliefs often changed throughout his life, but one thing remained unchanged - his love for his country. In 1908, he wrote the poem “Motherland,” which foreshadows the impending horrors of revolution and civil war.
The bloc treats Russia without ostentatious patriotism and deceitful embellishment of reality. His attitude is similar to that of another famous poet and the writer - . Blok understands backwardness very well and low level development of Russia. For centuries, the main productive force has remained the illiterate peasantry. Civilization concerns only big cities. There are still “loose ruts” in the vast Russian expanses.
Nevertheless, the poet is endlessly fond of “poor Russia”, which is a huge number of gray villages. Blok sees its patriarchy and inability to change as a guarantee of stability. Strong traditions, which hinder the modernization of the country, make it possible to preserve the integrity of the state. The author acknowledges that Russia as a whole has the innate traits of the Russian common people: kindness and gullibility. A collective image of Russia appears in the poem - a simple Russian woman who has special beauty and attractiveness. It is easy for some “sorcerer” to deceive her, which has happened more than once in history.
But thanks to the innate instinct for self-preservation, Russia has always been reborn and gathered with new strength. The poet is sure that the country will have to become a victim of deception more than once, which over time will become just another tear in wide river. To the surprise of her enemies, crushed Russia rises again in her great appearance. The author's thought can be considered prophetic, given subsequent events.
The poem is the author's philosophical reflection on the fate of his homeland. It is written in the form of an appeal from the lyrical hero to Russia. Expressive means emphasize the unenviable position of the country: epithets (“poor”, “gray”), comparisons (“like tears”). The ellipses reinforce the importance of reflection, its infinity.
In general, the poem “Motherland” ends with an optimistic conclusion - “The impossible is possible.” Blok is confident that from all the trials into which Russia will be plunged by external and internal enemies, it will be able to emerge with honor. Weakness and poverty are only purely external indicators. Hidden in the depths of the country enormous forces and an unbending national spirit, based on centuries-old history and culture.