"Young Guard" arose under the leadership of the party underground, at the head of which was F. P. Lutikov. After the occupation of the Fascists of Krasnodon (July 20, 1942), several anti-fascist youth groups were formed: I. A. Savnkhova, O. V. Koshevoy, V. I. Levashova, S. G. Tyulenina, A. Z. Eliseenko, V. A. Zhdanova , N. S. Sumsky, V. M. Groseova, A. V. Popova, M. K. Peggivanova.
October 2, 1942 Communist E. Ya. Moshkov held the first organizational meeting of the leaders of the people of the city and nearby villages. The created underground organization was called "M. G.". Its headquarters were included in: Gromov, earthlov, Koshevov (Commissioner "M. G."), Levashov, V. I. Trejkhevich, I. V. Turkenyich (commander "M. G."), Tyulein, L. G. Shevtsova.
"Young Guard" numbered 91 people. (including 26 workers, 44 students and 14 employees), of which 15 communists. The organization had 4 radios, underground typography, weapons and explosives. Released and distributed 5 thousand anti-fascist leaflets 30 names; On the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, 8 Soviet flags hung in the city. Members of the organization destroyed enemy cars with soldiers, ammunition and flammable. On November 15, 1942, the Young Guards were liberated from the fascist concentration camp of 70 Soviet prisoners of war, 20 Soviet prisoners of war were liberated in the hospital.
As a result of arson on the night of December 6, 1942, the buildings of the Fascist Exchange Exchange, where the lists of people intended for exporting to Germany were kept, about 2 thousand Krasnodones were rescued from the hijacking of fascist slavery.
The underground party organization of the city and the "Young Guard" was preparing an armed uprising in order to destroy the fascist garrison and to meet the Soviet army. The betrayal of the provocateur of the Supervision interrupted this preparation.
In the fascist dungeons, the young guards masked the most severe torture. 15, January 16 and 31, 1943 Fascists partly alive, 71 people dropped part of the shot. In Shurf Shakhty number 5, a depth of 53 m. Koshevoy, Shevtsova, S. M. Ostapenko, D. U. Othertz, V. F. Subbotin after brutal torture were shot in the rattling forest near G. Roveniki on February 9, 1943. 4 people Shot in other areas. 11 people were gone from the persecution of the police: A. V. Kovalev was missing, Turkenyich and S. S. Safonov died at the front, M. Harutyunants, V. D. Bortz, A. V. Lopukhov, O. I. IVANTSOVA, N. M. Ivantsova, Levashov, M. T. Shchenko and R. P. Yurkin remained alive. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 13, 1943 Thunder, Zhusovoy, Koshevoy, Tyulenina, Shevtsova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 3 participants "M. G." Awarded the Order of the Red Banner, 35 - the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, 6 - the Order of the Red Star, 66 - the Medal "Partizana of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree. Feat the heroes "M. G." Imprinted in Roman A. A. Fadeeva "Young Guard". In memory of the organization named the new city of Voroshilovgrad region. - Molodogvardeisk (1961); The names of the heroes are called settlements, state farms, collective farms, ships, etc.
Lit.: Young Guard. Sat Docking and memories, 3 ed., Donetsk, 1972.
Materials provided by the draft Rubricikon
The fighting of Krasnodonian undergrounders
Ministry of Culture of the Ukrainian SSR
Krasnodonsky State Order of Friendship Peoples Museum "Young Guard"
Krasnodon, Voroshilovgrad region, pl. them. Young Guard, tel. № 2-33-73
Fascists occupied Krasnodon on July 20, 1942. About this time Commander "Young Guard" Ivan Turkeenich in his report "The Days of the Underground" wrote: "Gestapo, the Gestapo was introduced, the police arrived, the mass arrests of the Communists, Komsomol, the Oddenon, the old red partisans began. All shot themselves. .. On the days of the bloody fascist raccoon and our "Young Guard" originated. The headquarters were created, which included Ivan Turkenyich (commander), Oleg Koshevay (commissioner), Ulyana Gromova, Ivan Zhonnukhov, Vasily Levashov, Viktor Trejkhevich, Sergey Tyulanyn, Love Shevtsova.
All combat activities of the youth organization took place under the immediate leadership of the party underground, which was carried out through the headquarters of the "Young Guard". The Communists put the task of debunking the lie of the Hitler's propaganda to young underground, to unwind faith in the inevitable defeat of the enemy. The young guards considered their duty to raise young people and the population of the Krasnodock region to the active struggle with the fascists, to provide themselves with weapons and at a convenient moment to move to an open armed struggle.
From the first days of his domination, the fascists tried to establish the work of the mines. Therefore, after the occupied troops in Krasnodon, the so-called Direction No. 10 arrived in Krasnodon, which is included in the system of "Eastern society for the operation of coal and metallurgical enterprises", designed to engage in the shooting of Krasnodon coal. The work of central electromechanical workshops was resumed, where, risking his life, managers of the underground Communists Filipp Petrovich Lutikov and Nikolai Petrovich Barakov were settled. Using your official position, they take under the workshops of the underground workers and from here leading "Young Guard". Everything is necessary for the enterprise, which, according to the occasion of the occupiers, should restore the Mine of Krasnodon, did not work for complete power. Young heroes spilled equipment, braked work, destroying individual parts of the machines, made sabotage. So, on the eve of the launch of Mine No. 1 "Sorokino" Yuri Vitinovsky sought the rope, with the help of which the crate was descended into the barrel. The multi-tone cage was cut off, destroying everything in its path with such a labor restored by invaders. Thanks to the active activities of folk avengers, fascists failed to take out of the Krasnodon mines a single ton of coal.
Molodogvardeys gave great importance to the spread of leaflets among the population. On the apartments of Nikolai Petrovich Barakova, Oleg Koshevoy, Nikolai Sumsky, Sergey Levashova was installed radio receivers. The undergrounders listened to the Soviet Soviet reports, in their texts were leaflets, with which they came to residents of the city and the district the truth about the Red Army, about our Soviet power. At the beginning of the proclamation wrote from the hands on the leaves of school notebooks. It took a long time, so the headquarters of the Young Guard decided to create an underground printing house. She was in the house of George Harutyunyanz on the outskirts of the city. By closing the windows by shutters, Ivan Zhunovkhov, Victor Trekijevich, Vasily Levashov, Vladimir Osmukhin, Georgy Harutyunants and other guys squatted the night at a primitive machine, printing flyers.
The first printed leaflets appeared in the city on November 7, 1942. When distributing their underground workers showed the initiative and smelter. Oleg Kosheva, for example, dressed the shape of a policeman and, moving freely after the Commandant hour, put off the proclamation; Vasily Patty worked to shove the leaflets in the pockets of Krasnodonians in the bazaar, even attach them to the backs of the police; Sergey Tyulenin "Shefit" above the cinema. He appeared here before the start of the session. At the most convenient moment when the film mechanic quenched the light in the hall, Sergey threw leaflets in the auditorium.
Many leaflets went beyond the city - to Sverdlovsky, Rovenkovsky, Novosvetlovsky districts, to the Rostov region. In total, during the occupation, the young guards distributed more than 5,000 copies of leaflets 30 names.
The headquarters constantly carried out work on the involvement of young people in the ranks of the "Young Guard". If in September there were 35 people in the underground, then in December, there were 92 underground in December. On the recommendation of the Communists, all members of the "Young Guard" were divided into five, the contacts with which the headquarters supported through connected.
At the end of September, the young Guards led by Ivan Turkenych hung in the city park of two trains of the Motherland, who were especially familiar with the rules of peaceful citizens. The shock groups of young people carried out successful operations to destroy German cars on the roads coming from Krasnodon to Sverdlovsk, Voroshilovgrad, isvarino.
The 25th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution approached the 25th anniversary. Communists instructed the young guards to post the red flags over the occupied city. On the night under November 7, eight groups of underground workers went to perform a combat task. On the eve of the girl prepared the panels, sewing pieces of matter and repainting them in Kumach. In the morning, the Krasnodonians saw the red flags on the autumn wind. This combat operation of the underground workers made a huge impression on residents of the city. "When I saw the flag at school," the events of M. A. Litvinova said, "the unwitting joy covered me. Wake up the children and quickly ran across the road to Mukhina. Her I found it standing in the bottom of the window on the windowsill, the tears were crawling in her louds. The cheeks. She said: "Maria Alekseevna, because it is done for us, Soviet people. About us remember, we are not forgotten by our ... ".
On this unforgettable day, young undergrounders spread around the city and the area of \u200b\u200bthe leaflets and provided material assistance to the families of front-line. "... We have prepared festive gifts to the families of workers who were victims of the hands of German executioners," wrote Ivan Turkeenich. "From our Komsomolsk Foundation, we allocated money for them and purchased products. I remember on the eve of the holiday I went with a convolution on the outskirts of the city. where the family lived a family comrade. He was also like me, the Soviet officer. In Krasnodon, his wife, an old woman, mother and four kids left. And so I brought them a festive gift. Hungry children unfolded paper and with a cry of joy discovered Bread and some cereals. How thank you were exhausted people for these modest gifts. "
In December, Ivan Zhonnov, Ivan Turkeenich, Anatoly Popov, Demyan Fomin helped to leave the captivity of 20 prisoners of war, which were placed on the building of the Permitsa Hospital, and soon the group of Yevgeny Moshkova liberated more than 70 Soviet soldiers from the prisoner's camp, which was located in the Farm of the Volchensky Rostov region.
The glory of the "Young Guard" grew. Underfooters of Krasnodon were not limited to activities in the city and district. Communists believed that it was necessary to look for connections with partisans of other areas and regions. To establish contacts with folk avengers, operating in the Rostov region, headquarters sent a connected Oksana. Under such a pseudonym worked in the underground Olga Ivavantsov. Oksana has repeatedly used the Kamensky partisan, met with the coherent and command of the detachment. It was about combining the forces of partisans and underground workers for a joint speech against the fascists in the rear of the enemy.
The active activity of the underground agers caused a powerless malice in the occupiers. Police begins to wastely search for the culprits of anti-fascist events. The city establishes the most severe mode. To disguise the activities of the underground, Ivan Zhunovkh, Evgeny Moshkov, Victor Trekijevich, Valeria Bortz, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vladimir Zagorukhiko, Vasily Levashov and others on the advice of the Communists are arranged to work in the Gorky Club. Here, three mugs began to operate, in which most participants were undergrounders. Young people, hiding behind classes in circles, could meet, without causing suspicion of the authorities. From here the guys went on combat mission.
Once, Lyuba Shevtsova came excited about the meeting of the headquarters. She found out that the fascists are going to catch youth to work in Germany. Already were harvested lists on the labor market. The headquarters decided to break the recruitment. To this end, they released several leaflets, in which they called on the population to save their children from fascist slavery. And Lyuba Shevtsova, Viktor Lukyanchenko and Sergey Tylenyn at night on the night of December 5, held a brilliant operation on the arsogue of labor exchange. In fire burned down documents prepared by the fascists by more than 2.000 Krasnodonians. By the morning of the ominous building of the stock exchange, which in the people called the "Black Exchange", only the burnt walls remained.
The headquarters attached to the armament of the underground. Young guards made weapons, ammunition with every means. They kidnapped them from the fascists, collected in places of recent fights, finished in armed clashes with the enemy. The weapon was stored in the basements of the destroyed buildings of the city bath. Ivan Turkenyich noted in his report that by the end of 1942 "there were 15 cars in the warehouse, 80 rifles, 300 grenades, about 15,000 ammunition, 10 pistols, 65 kg. Explosives and several hundred meters of bikford cord." All this weapon underground workers were going to send against the fascists located on the territory of Krasnodon. Young Guards were actively preparing for an armed uprising. Their plan consisted of destroying the enemy and thereby help the Red Army will faster liberating the hometown. But no longer betrayal interrupted the preparation for an armed uprising. Most of the young guards were arrested and after cruel torture in January 1943, they were reset in Schurf Shakhty No. 5.
Directorate of the Museum "Young Guard"
Legends of the Great Patriotic. "Young guard"
More than sixty years have passed since the world learned about the brutal violence committed by the fascist invaders of the members of the Underground organization "Young Guard" in the Ukrainian mining town of Krasnodon. However, to this day, despite the abundance of documented evidence of eyewitnesses and sentences of the court, it is unknown, who was the culprit of the defeat of the Krasnodonne underground.
In mid-February 1943, after the liberation of Donetsk Krasnodon, by Soviet troops, several dozen corpses of those who were tortured by the fascists of adolescents, who were in the occupation period in the underground organization "Young Guard" were extracted near the city of Shakhtya N5.
And a few months later, the article by Alexander Fadeeva "Immersion" was published, on the basis of which a little later, a novel "Young Guard" was written, dedicated to events, which was the death of people discovered in the mine. Subsequently, it was precisely on this product that the absolute majority of citizens first of the Soviet Union, and then Russia amounted to an idea of \u200b\u200bthe activities of the Krasnodonne underground during the occupation. By the end of the 80s, Roman Fadeev was perceived as a canonized history of the organization, and any other interpretation of events was impossible by definition.
Meanwhile, it is not a secret for anyone that the novel that glorified his heroes - young undergrounders was quite difficult fate. For the first time, the book was published in 1946. However, after some time, Alexander Fadeev was sharply criticized for the fact that the role of the Communist Party is not pronounced in the novel. The wisest wishes took into account, and in 1951 the light saw the second editors of the novel "Young Guard". At the same time, Fadeev repeated more than once: "I wrote a not true story of young guidance, and a novel that not only admits, but even implies artistic fiction."
These circumstances have become fertile soil for the emergence of many speculation on the theme of the reality of the events described in the novel. At first, distrust on the official version was manifested mainly at the level of a quiet whisper in the kitchens and vulgar children's jokes, and with the beginning of the restructuring, it turned out on the pages of newspapers and magazines.
And for more than a year and a half dozen years between those who continue to adhere to the traditional version, and those who do not leave attempts to separate the facts from the artistic fiction of the author's novel "Young Guard", a fairly lively correspondence discussion is carried out, which is not yet visible. Moreover, most copies break around several key points: the reality of the events described by Fadeev, the names of these organizers and the leaders of the underground, as well as the true perpetrators of the death of most members of the organization.
Parade "Traitors"
In fairness it is worth noting that those who tried to challenge the very fact of the existence of an underground youth organization in Krasnodone was not so much. The facts collected in the postwar years, memories of eyewitnesses, as well as the surviving participants of the "Young Guard" talked about the fact that the underground organization really existed. And not only existed, but also led very active activities.
In 1993, a press conference was held in Lugansk a special commission for studying the history of the "Young Guard". As I was written "Izvestia" (05/12/1993), after two years of work, the Commission gave its estimate of the versions, almost half a century who excited the public. The findings of researchers were reduced to several fundamental moments. In July-August 1942, after the seizure of Lugansk region, many underground youth groups arose in Shakhtar Krasnodone and the villages around His villages. They, according to the memories of contemporaries, were called "Star", "Sickle", "Hammer", etc. However, no party leadership speaks. In October 1942, Viktor Trekijevich united them in the "Young Guard". It was he, and not Oleg Kosheva, according to the conclusions of the Commission, became the Commissioner of the underground organization. Participants of the "Young Guard" was hardly twice as much as recognized later by the competent authorities. Fought guys in partisansky, risky, carrying big losses, and this, as was noted at a press conference, ultimately led to the failure of the organization.
With the filing of Alexander Fadeev, the image of the chief culprit of the death of the "Young Guard" was tightly in the public consciousness, Evgenia Stakhovich, under the torture of the names of most underground workers. At the same time, at least Fadeev himself and repeatedly stated that the traitor Stakhovich is a collective image and similarity with real young guards by chance, very many, and first of all, the participants of those events that managed to survive were deeply convinced that His prototype, as nor paradoxically, served as already mentioned Viktor Trekijevich. Disputes about how the hero unexpectedly turned into a traitor, do not subside until now.
In 1998, an article A.F. was published in the Duel newspaper (09/30/1998). Gordeeva "Heroes and Traitors." It described in sufficient detail the history of the appearance, activity and collapse of the Krasnodonsky underground, essentially distinguished from the "Young Guard" novel in the novel.
According to Gordeyev, "Young Guard" (the present name of the Hammer's organization) was established at the beginning of October 1942 on the initiative of Viktor Trekijevich. The nucleus became spontaneously arising and dispassing the Anti-Fascist Komsomolsk and Youth Groups of Ivan Zhurnkhov, Yevgeny Moshkov, Nikolai Sumsky, Boris, Radron, Sergey Tyulenin, and others. On October 6, 1942, Gennady Pupil was accepted into the organization, whose step off , V.G. Gromov, collaborated with the occupation authorities and later played a fateful role in the history of the "Young Guard".
"Duel", referring to the archival documents, writes that he learned about the arrest of the heads of the underground (January 1, 1943, earthlings, a third-haired and moshkov were captured) and not finding the exit from the current situation, the emphasis appealed for advice to stepfather. Gromov immediately suggested Pasyanka to immediately inform the police about the underground workers. This treacherous farewell of Gromov confirmed at the interrogation on May 25, 1943: "I told him that he could be arrested and to save his life, he must write a statement to the police and issue participants in the organization. He listened to me."
On January 3, 1943, the polesis was taken to the police and preceded first by V. Sulikovsky (head of the Krasnodon district police), and then by investigators Didykom and Kuleshov. The informant confirmed the authorship of the applicant and his belonging to the underground Komsomol organization, operating in Krasnodone, called the goals and objectives of it, pointed out the place of storage of weapons and ammunition hidden in the Gundor mine N 18. As the Kuleshov showed later, "the staff told that he really consists A member of the underground Komsomol organization ... called the leaders of this organization, or rather, the city staff, namely: a third-party, Lukashov, Zhonavova, Safonov, Koshevoy. The head of the city-wide organization called Trekiyevich. He himself consisted of May Day organization. The information of the secret nature, which was owned by the poles and who became the "property" of the police, turned out to be quite enough to reveal the Komsomol and youth underground and eliminate it. Just for belonging to the underground in Krasnodone and its surroundings, more than 70 people were arrested.
"Duel" leads to the testimony of some participants of cruel violence over undergrounders.
At the interrogation on July 9, 1947, the head of the gendarmerie Renatus said: "... Translator Lina Artes requested it to free her from work, as the gendarmes during interrogations are too rude treated arrested. Hauptwahmist zones after dinner allegedly beat the arrested people. I satisfied her request and He spoke on this issue with the zombie. He admitted that he really beat the arrested, but for the reason that the testimony could not be achieved by another. "
The investigator of the cutlets police about Sergey Tyulenina: "He was dismantled before unrecognizable, the face was covered with bruises and swollen, blood was composed of open wounds. There was three Germans and after them was Burgardt (translator A.G.), caused by Sulikovsky. One German Sulikovsky asked what kind of man he was beaten. Sulikovsky explained. The German, like an angry tiger, hit the fist, hit Sergey and forged German boots began to torment his body. He puts his body with a terrible force in his belly, back, face, Heat and ripped into pieces of his clothes along with the body. At the beginning of this terrible execution of Tyulenin, she filed signs of life, but soon he was silent and dropped it out of the office. "
Muddy kept on interrogations and other young guards. Ulyana Gromov was suspended by the hair, cut out on his back a five-pointed star, cut off his chest, caught the body with a rotary gland and the wounds sprinkled with salt, put on a hot plate. However, she was silent, as Bondarev, Ivanikhina, Zhunakhova, and many others dropped by subsequently in the Schurf N5 mines.
According to "Duel", after the arrival of the Soviet troops, they managed to hide for some time, and he was arrested only on March 8, 1943. To soften his guilt, the poles already at first interrogation threw the shadow of suspicion of Viktor Tretyakhevich. Responding to the question of the Soviet investigator about the fact that he prompted him to transfer members of the underground organization, he referred to Ivan Zemnavov, who alleged on December 18, 1942 informed him that Trecycles betrayed the "young organization" and that the police had information about it. This news allegedly pushed the oversaled to compile a statement to the police.
At the same time, in 1999, the newspaper "Top secret" (03/17/1999), referring to the materials of the case N20056 on the charges of policemen and German gendarmes in violence over the underground organization "Young Guard", expressed the view that "the official traitor" was not Reported by the investigators nothing new. Before him, the activities of the underground the Germans allegedly had already managed to tell Olga Lyadskaya in detail, the underground worker was not and arrested quite by chance.
After the arrest of Savnkhov, Treykhevich and Moshkov came to Tosa Mashchenko in search of Vali Bortz, by that time had already left for the front line. At Tosi policeman liked the tablecloth, he decided to grab it with him. Under the tablecloth lay a unsent letter to a lunda friend Fedor Yarina. She wrote that he did not want to leave for Germany in "slavery." That is what: in quotes and large letters. The investigator promised to hang the lunda in the bazaar for its big letters in quotes, if he immediately won't call other displeased new order. Next, the publication leads to the readings of the Lyadskiy, contained in the case N20056:
"I called the persons I suspected in partisan activities: Kozyreva, Treijevich, Nikolaenko, because they once asked me, do we have partisans on the farm and help them. And after Solikhovsky threatened to beat, I issued Girlfriend Mashchenko, Bortz ... "
As for the overall, he, according to "Top Secretly,", really passed the group in the village of Pervomaysky and the headquarters of the "Young Guard" in the following order: a third-of -yevich (chief), Lukashev, earthlov, Safonov and Koshevoy. In addition, the pumaders called the commander of his "five" - \u200b\u200bPopov. However, his testimony, in the opinion of the publication, was no longer so important, since Trecythevich was given another participant of the underground - Tosya Mashchenko. After this, the very same, "he betrayed Shevtsov and began to call" young guards "whole settlements."
But this list of traitors is "completely secret" is not limited and notes that in the documents as a traitor of the "Young Guard" is also mentioned by a certain Chinese yaks ka fu. He allegedly could be offended by Soviet power, because before the war he was removed from work because of the poor knowledge of the Russian language.
... for the lack of a crime
For another responsiveness of the death of the "Young Guard" for a long time, Zinaida Vyrikova was considered. She, as well as Lyadskaya, was one of the antiheroin novel "Young Guard". At the same time, Fadeev did not even change the names of the girls, which subsequently complicated their lives. And Vyrikova and Lyadskaya were convicted of betrayal and sent to the camps for a long time. As the Moscow Komsomolets notes (06/18/2003), the stigma of traitors with women was removed only in 1990, after their numerous complaints and tough checks of the prosecutor's office.
"MK" quotes the "certificate", who received Olga Alexandrovna Lyadskaya after 47 years of Shame (about the same document, according to the publication, received Zinaida Vyrikova): "Criminal case on the charges of Lyadskaya O.A., 1926, R., Revised by the Military Tribunal of the Moscow Military District on March 16, 1990. Resolution of a special meeting in the MGB of the USSR dated October 29, 1949 against Lyadskaya O.A. canceled, and the criminal case was terminated by the lack of a crime in its actions. Lyadskaya Olga Aleksandrovna in this case Rehabilitated.
Whether it was taken into account when deciding on the rehabilitation of the recognition of the Lyadsky in the fact that it issued Kozyreva, Trecythers, Nikolaenko, Mashchenko, Fighters, there is no word in the material of the Moscow Komsomol Center. At the same time, the article is called two more new names of those who could be defeated by the "Young Guard" in the fault.
MK, as well as four years earlier, the newspaper "is completely secret" refers to the materials found in the FSB archives. Namely, the criminal case against 16 trainees of the Motherland who worked on the Germans in the occupied Krasnodone. 14 of them were openly collaborated with German gendarmerie. And only two employees, according to the publication, somewhat embarrassed from the general picture of absolute trains - 20-year-old George Statsenko and 23-year-old named after the author of the novel "Young Guard" Gury Fadeev.
Father George - Vasily Statsenko - was Burgomistra Krasnodon. That's why Georgiy and hit the pencil. In addition, he was a Komsomol and he knew the young guidance officers: Zemnavov, Koshevoy, Trejijevich, Levashov, Osmukhin, Turkenych, and others.
"Moskovsky Komsomolets" leads excerpts from the testimony of Statsenko, arrested on September 22, 1946:
"Being a Komsomol, I enjoyed the confidence of my comrades, since I showed myself a devotee of Soviet power. I told my father about the levashov sentenced to me to join the underground Komsomol organization. She also told that land showed me a leaflet, read the poems written to them against the Germans. And in general, I declared my father, my comrades in school: Zamnov, Harutyuny, Koshevoy and Trecyc, consist in an underground organization and lead to the Germans actively. "
Gury Fadeev, as MK writes, also knew the young guidance, was especially friendly with the family of Oleg Koshevoy. He began suspicious after one day he fell into the police - a German patrol was caught on the streets on the street and found an anti-fascist leaflet in his pocket. However, from Gendarmery for some reason quickly let him go. And then he, as witnesses argue, allegedly almost did not get out of the police.
"After I was recruited in the police to identify persons spreading the leaflets of the" Young Guard ", I met several times from the Zakharov police departure. At one of the interrogations, Zakharov asked:" Which partisan came up with your sister Alla? "I, knowing About this from the words of my mother, I gave Zakharov Vanya Zhonnukhova, who really did the proposal to my sister to enter into the underground anti-fascist organization. I handed it to the apartment Korostyleva (Native Uncle Oleg Koshevoy) listen to radio broadcasts from Moscow Sister Korostyleneva Elena Nikolaevna Soviet and her son Oleg, who records messages Sovinform Bureau.
From the words of Fadeev, recorded in the interrogation protocol, it came out that during the occupation he entered the service to the German Direction as a geologist and was engaged in the launch of geological cards compiled under the Soviet power, mines and development plans. At the same time, Fadeev gave a subscription that he undertakes to help the police in identifying partisans.
The most curious thing in this story is that neither Statsenko neither Fadeev was shot. On March 6, 1948, a special meeting with the MGB of the USSR for betrayal Guri Fadeev was convicted for 25 years of the camps, and Georgy Statsenko - for 15 years (the remaining 14 people who were held in this case were obtained by 25 years of conclusion each). But on this, the amazing adventures of Statsenko and Fadeeva did not end. In 1954, with the arrival of Khrushchev, "the case of traitors" was revised: the sentence was left unchanged to everyone except Statsenko. He was reduced by a sentence of 5 years.
"Moskovsky Komsomolets" quotes the materials of the case, shed light on the causes of unexpected sentencing:
"At the interrogation on October 4, 1946, Statsenko recognized his guilt, but later he refused his testimony. He argued that the arrests of young guidance began long before his conversation with his father. From the testimony of the father of convicted steel, the Statsenko does not see that the cause of the arrest of young guards was the data reported. His son ... None of the convicts on this case showed that the son of Burgomist would inform any information that would be used by the police in the arrest of young guards ... Thus, the accusation of the convicted steel of Statsenko G. V. In the betrayal of participants of the underground Komsomolskaya Organizations "Young Guard" materials of investigators are unproduced. "
The chance ahead of time to get out to freedom was also in Fadeev, for which a large number of relatives, neighbors and acquaintances were applied. In the main military prosecutor's office, they could not be launched to overlook everyone who ten years earlier gave testimony against Fadeev. Military Prosecutor Mountain even prepared a protest in the Military Tribunal MVO with a request "Decision of a special MGB meeting of March 6, 1948 with respect to Fadeeva to cancel, to stop the unprove of charged charges." However, someone's sulfur hand on the same document blurred with blue ink: "I don't find the grounds for making a protest. Fadeev's complaint is left without satisfaction."
However, Fadeeva was still freed early. According to the "MK", \u200b\u200bfrom 25 years he served only 10. The conviction was removed, but refused in rehabilitation. So formally, it is still considered the main traitor for young guards.
Truck with parcels
Meanwhile, the last of the eight of the young guards who survived the war, Vasily Ivanovich Levashov shortly before his death (he died in 2001) gave an interview with the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper (06/30/1999) in which he stated that in fact there were no traitors, and " Organization has grown due to nonsense. "
The former underground spoke said that the feelings after the first reading of the Fadeev's book he had the most controversial. On the one hand, he was delighted, as a subtle writer grabbed the mood and experiences of young guards. On the other hand, Levashova outraged free treatment of some facts: in the novel, the traitor Stakhovich appeared in the novel, and there was no man with such a name in the organization, so a clear hint of Viktor Trejkhenich, the Commissioner of the Young Guard, was seen.
"In fact, there were no traitors, the organization was buried because of nonsense," said Vasily Ivanovich. - A truck came to Krasnodon, and we decided to capture them. Dragged all in the shed to one of our guys at night, And the outflow in the torn bags to climb into the club. A box of Papile was dropped on the way. The boy twelve was spawned nearby, grabbed her. Trenekevich gave him cigarettes for silence. And every other day the boy grabbed the Germans in the Bazaar.
According to Levashov, Treijevich slandered police for resistance to interrogations. Father Vasily Ivanovich was sitting in the same cell with the "Young Guard Commissioner" and saw him led to the interrogation, and the back was licking behind their feet beaten, a little alive. And the names of the undergrounders, according to Levashov, the fascists could learn from the lists of the club workers, the director of which was the young guidance of Moshkov. The latter was made up of these lists for the labor exchange: the youth of hundreds hijacked to work in Germany, and for the club workers gave "reservation".
Victor Treijevich rehabilitated only in 1959. Before that, his relatives had to live with the stigma relatives of the traitor. According to Vasily Levashov, Victor's rehabilitation achieved his middle brother Vladimir. Victor Treijenevich posthumously awarded, but in the rank of the Commissioner of the Young Guard did not restore.
He touched Levashov in a conversation with the correspondent of "Komsomolskaya Pravda" and the fate of another resident of Krasnodon, accused of betrayal - Georgy Statsenko:
"Statsenko served 15 years for the betrayal of the" Young Guard "," said Levashov. - He came out of prison and wrote a letter to the KGB with a request to remove the guilt from him, because he did not betray. And I asked me to call me and Harutyuny as witnesses. I was called For interrogation in the KGB, and I said that Statsenko did not have a relation to the "Young Guard" at all, and therefore could not know anything. We were attracted to the organization, like many other strangers, for conspiracy. The same told Arutyunants. The guilt with ancient times was removed. "
At the same time, some facts say that not everything is so simple in history with the rehabilitation of Victor Tretyakovich, as Vasily Levashov told. And there is still a lot of pitfalls in this matter ...
"Heroes of Krasnodon"
(Materials and documents on work in the rear of the enemy of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard")
Publishing house of the Central Committee of the VLKSM
"Young guard"
1943
Answer. Editor B. Dyakov
Signed to print 25 / IX 1943
Circulation 100,000
C O D E R G N N E
For outstanding achievements in the organization and management of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" and for the manifestation of personal courage and heroism in the fight against the German invaders, to assign the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal:
Thunder Ulyana Matveyevna
Zemovov Ivan Alexandrovich
Koshoy Oleg Vasilyevich
Tyulenina Sergey Gavrilovichu
Shevtsova love Grigorievna
M. Kalinin
A. Gorkin Moscow, Kremlin, September 13, 1943
DECREE
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
On awarding the orders of members of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard"
For the valor and courage, manifested in the fight against the German invaders in the rear of the enemy, reward:
Order of the Red Banner
1. Popova Anatoly Vladimirovich
2. Sumy Nicholas Stepanovich
3. Turkenych Ivan Vasilyevich
Order of the Patriotic War of the first degree
1. Androsov Lydia Makarovna
2. Bondareva Vasily Ivanovich
3. Bondarev Alexander Ivanovna
4. Gerasimov Nina Nikolaevna
5. Glovan Boris Grigorievich
6. Dadysheva Leonid Alekseevich
7. Dubrovina Alexander Emelyanovna
8. Eliseenko Antonina Zakharovna
9. Zhdanova Vladimir Alexandrovich
10. Ivanikhin Antonina Aleksandrovna
11. Ivanikhin Lily Aleksandrovna
12. Kiykov Evgenia Ivanovna
13. Kulikova Vladimir Tikhonovich
14. Levashova Sergey Mikhailovich
15. Lukasheva Gennady Alexandrovich
16. Lukyanchenko Viktor Dmitrievich
17. Mashchenko Antonym Mikhailovna
18. Minaev Nina Petrovna
19. Moshkova Evgenia Yakovlevich
20. Nikolaev Anatoly Georgievich
21. Orlova Anatoly Alexandrovich
22. Ostapenko Seeds Markovich
23. Osmukhina Vladimir Andreevich
24. Peggivanov Maya Konstantinovna
25. Loop hope Stepanovna
26. Petrova Viktor Vladimirovich
27. Pupbug Vasily Markovich
28. Rogozina Vladimir Pavlovich
29. Samoyene Angelina Tikhonne
30. Safonova Stepan Stepanovich
31. Sopov Anna Dmitrievna
32. Older Nina Illarionna
33. Fomina Demyan Yakovlevich
34. Shyschenko Alexandra Tarasovich
35. Scherbakova Georgia Kuzmich
Order of the Red Star
1. Harutyunants Georgia Minaevich
2. Bortz Valery Davydovo
3. Ivaqing Nina Mikhailovna
4. Ivaqing Olga Ivanovna
5. Schechenko Mikhail Tarasovich
6. Yurkin Radia Petrovich
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
M. Kalinin
Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
A. Gorkin
DECREE
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
About the award of Koshevoy Elena Nikolaevna the Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree
For active assistance provided by the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" on the fight against the German invaders, to reward the Koshest Elena Nikolaevna the Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree.
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
M. Kalinin
Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
A. Gorkin
Moscow, Kremlin, September 13, 1943
On July 20, 1942, the city of Krasnodon Voroshilovgrad region was occupied by the German-fascist troops. From the first day of the occupation, Hitler's bastards began to enter their "new order" in the city. With cold German cruelty and spoofing, they killed and defeated innocent Soviet people, who hijacked the young people, held a magnitude robbery.
Orders of the German command, which were stuck all the fences and walls of buildings, threatened the death penalty for the slightest disobedience. For evasion from registration - execution, for the failure to appear on the "Labor Exchange", which made the sending of slaves to Germany, - Loop, for the appearance in the evening on the street - shooting in place. Life has become unbearable torture, the city seems to be extinct, as if terrible Mor burst into his wide streets, in his bright houses.
In the first days of August, the Germans began to trigger even more. Once they drove the population in the city park and staged a public execution of 30 miners who refused to come to register. The invaders alive buried the miners in the ground and looked at the death flour of innocent victims with pleasure.
These days in the difficult conditions of occupation in Krasnodon, an underground Komsomol organization arose. The sons and daughters of the famous Donetsk miners, treated with the Great Motherland, brought up by the Bolshevik Party, rose to the deadly struggle against the Lutogo enemy. The organizers and heads of the underground cell were the Komsomol members of Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Zhunov, Sergey Tyulenyn, Ulyana Gromova, Lyuba Shevtsova, Ivan Turkenyich. The oldest of them was barely overwarded 19 years.
Young patriots, fearless fighters with selflessness are given to the sacred struggle against the Germans, involve new members of the organization in their ranks: Stepan Safonova, Anatoly Popova, Nicholas Sumy, Volodya Osmukhina, Valery Fighters and many other brave and selfless young men and girls.
In early September, the first assembly of young underground workers took place at the apartment of Oleg Koshevoy. At the suggestion of Sergey Tyulenina, the organization decided to refer to the "Young Guard". At the meeting, the headquarters was created, as part of Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Savnakhova, Ivan Turkenych and Sergey Tuylanina (later Lyubov Shevtsov and Ulyana Gromova also entered the headquarters), on which all the leadership of the combat and political activities of the underground workers were entitled. The secretary of the Komsomol organization the meeting unanimously chose Oleg Koshevoy. He also became the "Young Guard" Commissioner.
The young Underbreaks of Krasnodon are their goals and tasks:
Strengthen confidence in the people in the inevitable defeat of the German fascist invaders;
lift the youth and the whole population of the Krasnodock region on active struggle with German invaders;
Provide yourself with weapons and at a convenient moment to move to an open armed struggle.
After the first meeting, the young guidance began to act even more vigorously, even more persistently. They create the simplest typography, mounted radio receivers, establish connections with young people, raising it to fight against German occupiers. In September, the underground organization has already numbered 30 people in its ranks. The headquarters makes the decision to divide all members of the organization on the top five. The first five and decisive comrades were supplied at the top five. For communication with the headpaper, each five had a connected.
A little time passed, and the "Young Guard" sets close contact with the youth of the surrounding towns - Krasnodon, isvarino, Pervomayka, Famykin. On behalf of the headquarters, members of the organization Anatoly Popov, Nikolai Sumski, Ulyana Gromova create separate underground groups here, establish communication with Gundorovka farm, Gerasimovka, Talov. Thus, the "young guard" spread its influence on the entire Krasnodon district. Despite the cruel bloody terror, executives and activists of the "Young Guard" created an extensive network of combat groups and cells that united over 100 young Soviet patriots.
Every joining "Young Guard" took an oath to loyalty to the Motherland.
The surviving member of the "Young Guard" of Radiy Jurky so recalls this solemn moment:
"In the evening we gathered at Victor's apartment. In addition to him, there was no one at home - the father and mother went to the village to get bread. Oleg Kosheva built all the gathered and turned to us with a small speech. He spoke about the combat traditions of Donbass, about heroic The exploits of the Donbass regiments led by Clerk Voroshilov and Alexander Parkhomenko, about the debt and honor of the Komsomol. The words sounded quietly, but firmly and so they took care of the heart that everyone was ready to go to the fire and water.
- With Mother's Milk, we absorbed love for freedom, fortunately, and never to put us on your knees, "said Kosheysov. "We will fight, as our fathers and grandfathers fought," to the last drop of blood, to the last breath. We will go on flour and death, but with honor to fulfill your duty to the Fatherland.
Then he aroused one for the adoption of the oath. When Oleg called my surname, I was even more exciterated. I made two steps forward, turned face to comrades and froze in the rack "Smirno". Koshest in a low voice, but very clearly began to read the text of the oath. I repeated after him. Oleg approached me, congratulated on behalf of the headquarters with the adoption of the oath and said:
- From now on your life, radium, belongs to the "Young Guard", her case.
In a merciless struggle against the German occupiers, the ranks of the "Young Guard" grew and tempered. Each young guidance considered for himself for himself to join Komsomol and wear a small little book from the heart, printed in an underground printing house and replacing a Komsomol ticket for the period of Patriotic War. In his statements, young people and girls wrote: "I ask you to accept the members of the WLKSM. I will honestly fulfill any tasks of the organization, and if you need, I will give life for the work of the people, for the work of the great party of Lenin - Stalin." - In these miser and simple words, as in a drop of water, all the noble qualities of our youth are reflected.
From the first day of its existence, the "Young Guard" conducts a huge political work among young people and the entire population, exposing the false German propaganda, instilling confidence in the victory of the Red Army, raising him to fight the Germans, to break and sabotage events of the fascist authorities.
Young Guard, installing radio receivers, every day inform the population of the city and the district about all events at the front, in the Soviet rear, abroad.
With the beginning of the onset of Soviet troops in the Stalingrad area, the campaign work of the "Young Guard" is even more intensified. Almost daily at the fears, houses, pillars appear leaflets, talking about the offensive of Soviet troops, calling for the population to active assistance to our upcoming regiments.
For 6 months, the "Young Guard" only in one city released more than 30 names of leaflets in circulation over 5,000 copies.
In the spread of leaflets, all members of the underground organization took part. At the same time, the young guards showed a lot of amateurness, tricks and dexterity.
Oleg Koshevoy Night put on the form of a policeman and distributed leaflets among the population. Vasya piper has learned into the market days to glue off the police small posters with brief inscriptions: "Down with the German occupiers!", "Death selling skins!" Semen Ostapenko stuck leaflets on the car by the boarding department, on the police, gendarmerie and city council.
Sergey Tyulenin "Shefit" above the cinema. He invariably appeared in the hall before the start of the session. At that moment, when the mechanic quenched the light in the hall, Sergey spread leaflets among the public.
From the house to the house, fiery Bolshevik proclamations passed from hand to hand. They read up to the holes, their contents on the same day became the property of the whole city. Many of the leaflets went beyond the limits of Krasnodon - to Sverdlovsky, Rovenkovsky, Novosvetlovsky districts.
The anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution approached the XXV anniversary. "Young Guard" decided to adequately celebrate the nationwide Soviet holiday and began to actively prepare for him. Members of the Organization gathered money and gifts for families of commanders and fighters of the Red Army, prepared food packages for transmitting concluded Communists. The headquarters made a decision: on the day of the holiday, to post in the city of red flags.
On the night of November 6-1 on November 7, the young guards watered the Red Flags at the Voroshilov School, at Mine No. 1-bis, on the building of former Rapipotople, at the hospital and at the highest trees of the city park. The slogans were disclosed everywhere: "Congratulations on the XXV anniversary of October, comrades!", "Death of German invaders!"
GMURE NOWBRIC INTROS The inhabitants of the city saw in the highest buildings the native hearts of red cloths. It seemed that the clear sun rose in the middle of the night - this picture was so important and excited. People with their eyes did not believe and peered again and once again in the flags flying in the wind.
The news of the flags were transferred from the mouth of mouth, from the village to the village, from the farm to the farm, raising the spirit of the population, inciting hatred to German invaders.
Police, gendarmes, Gestapo's detectives, how the treated rushed through the streets, it was already late. Flags could be disrupted, hiding, but no strength could kill joyful excitement and pride, so inevitably flashed in the hearts of Soviet people.
Report of Comrade Stalin about the XXV anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution and his order from 7 November 1942 inspired young underfooters for new feats, to strengthen the struggle against the Nazis. Each young guidancer swore to apply something more perceptive strikes on the enemy, fully fulfill the historical order of the leader. Underground combat groups destroy the staff with German officers, killing soldiers, traitors of the Motherland, police officers, carry out sabotage acts in enterprises, kidnap weapons.
By the beginning of December, the young guards had 15 guns at their disposal, 80 rifles, 300 pomegranates, about 15,000 ammunition, 10 pistols, 65 kilograms of explosives, a few hundred meters of bikford cord.
The members of the "Young Guard" in every way disappeared the events who tried to conduct the Germans. When the Nazis began strengthened preparation for the export of bread to Germany, the headquarters took a bold decision - not to give the Germans to the Germans. The young guards burn huge bread skirds, and already swollen grain infected with ticks.
A few days after this operation, the Tyulenina group performs on the Krasnodon road - Rovenki armed attack on German security, which chate 500 goals of livestock selected from the inhabitants. In a short fight, young patriots destroyed security, and cattle hijacked in the steppe.
Members of the "Young Guard", set up on the task of the headquarters in German institutions, enterprises, skillful maneuvers in every way disappear their plans. Sergey Levashov, working in the garage, displays one of three cars; Yuri Vitzovsky suits several accidents at the mine.
Truly, heroic work carried out an organization to break the mobilization of young people to Germany.
On the night of September 5th to December 6, 1942, the brave three of young guards - Lyuba Shevtsov, Sergey Tyulenin and Viktor Lukyanchenko - conducts a difficult operation on the arsogue of the German "Labor Exchange". By destroying the "stock" with all documents, the underground workers saved several thousand Soviet people from the hijacking to the German cautious. At the same time, the young guards were released by 75 fighters and commanders from the Volchansky camp of prisoners of war and organized the escape of 20 prisoners of war from Pervomaisk Hospital.
The Red Army stubbornly promoted to Donbass. The "young guard" in the afternoon and night was preparing to exercise his cherished dream - a decisive armed attack on the Krasnodonian garrison of the Germans.
The commander of the "Young Guard" Turkenych developed a detailed plan for the capture of the city, settled the strength, collected intelligence materials, but shelly betrayal interrupted the combat activities of glorious underground workers.
As soon as the arrest began, the headquarters gave an order - all members of the "Young Guard" leave and wade through the parts of the Red Army. But it was too late. Only Seven Komsomolets managed to leave and stay alive - Ivan Turkenych, George Harutyunyu, Valeria Fourth, Radia Yurkin, Ole Ivantzova, Nina Ivazova and Mikhail Shchenko. The remaining members of the "Young Guard" were captured by the Nazis and were imprisoned.
Young undergrounders were terrible torture, but none of them retreated from their oath. German executioners reached rabies, for several hours in a row were beaten and tormented by young guards, and they were silent, proudly and courageously carrying torture. The Germans could not break the spirit and the iron will of young Soviet people, and without achieving recognition.
Sergey Tyulenina Gestapovtsy several times a day was beaten with a leaf made from electrical wires, broke their fingers, rumbled into the wound hot rack. When it did not help, the executioners led the mother - a 58-year-old old woman. In the eyes of Sergey, she was divided and began to syntitize.
The executioners demanded that he spoke about his relationships in Kamensk, an edge. Sergey was silent. Then the gestapovtsy in the presence of the mother three times suspended Sergei in the loop to the ceiling, and then a hot needle of an eye.
The young guards knew the time of execution. And even for the last hour they remained strong in spirit, they were full of faith in our victory. Member of the headquarters of the "Young Guard" Ulyana Gromova handed over to all cameras to the alphabet:
- The last order of the headquarters ... the last order ... We will behave to execute. We will be told through the streets of the city. We will sing the favorite song Ilyich. Inverted, disheveled with young fighters from prison. Ulyana Gromova walked with a star carved on his back, Bondarev Shura - with sliced \u200b\u200bbreasts. Volodya Osmukhina has been cut off the brush of the right hand.
The young guards went to the last way with highly raised heads. Solemnly and sadly passed their song:
Tortured severe unilous
You soil soil nice
In the struggle for the work
You honestly folded the head ...
The Komsomol residents of the steamers of the executioners were discharged alive in the shurt mines.
In February 1943, our troops entered Krasnodon. Red flag swayed over the city. And, looking, as he can be used in the wind, the inhabitants remembered the young guards again. Hundreds of people headed for the prison building. They saw in the chambers bloody clothes, traces of unheard of torture. The walls were made by inscriptions. On one of the walls is not painted, and almost carved the heart pierced by an arrow. In the heart - four surnames: "Shura Bondarev, Nina Minaeva, Ulya Gromova, Angela Samlena". And over all inscriptions, in full bloody wall, like the will of contemporaries, wrote out the words of Vesti: "Death by German invaders!"
So lived and fought for their fatherland, the glorious pupils of the Komsomol. And they died as true heroes. Their death is immortality.
Remember, comrade, the names of the tortured heroes, save them in their hearts, as a restless appeal to the feet in the name of the Motherland, her freedom and happiness. Here are their names:
Oleg Vasilyevich Koshevoy,
Ivan Alexandrovich Zamnov,
Sergey Gabriovich Tyulenin,
Love Grigorievna Shevtsova,
Ulyana Matveyevna Gromova,
Anatoly Vladimirovich Popov,
Nikolai Stepanovich Sumsky,
Stepan Stepanovich Safonov,
Sergey Mikhailovich Levashov,
Evgeny Yakovlevich Moshkov,
Viktor Vladimirovich Petrov,
Alexandra Emelavovna Dubrovina,
Anna Dmitrievna Sopova,
Maya Konstantinovna Peggivanova,
Gennady Alexandrovich Lukashev,
Vladimir Andreevich Osmukhin,
Anatoly Aleksandrovich Orlov,
Leonid Alekseevich Dadyshev,
Vladimir Pavlovich Rogozin,
Vladimir Alexandrovich Zhdanov,
Semen Markovich Ostapenko,
Antonina Zakharovna Eliseenko,
Vasily Markovich Pattop,
Alexander Tarasovich Shyschenko,
Viktor Dmitrievich Lukyanchenko,
Vasily Ivanovich Bondarev,
Alexandra Ivanovna Bondarev,
Antonina Mikhailovna Mashchenko,
Angelina Tikhonovna Selfness,
Anatoly Georgievich Nikolaev,
Demyan Yakovlevich Fomin,
Nina Petrovna Minaeva,
Nina Nikolaevna Gerasimova,
Lily Alexandrovna Ivanikhina,
Lydia Makarovna Androsova,
Antonina Aleksandrovna Ivanikhina,
Georgy Kuzmich Shcherbakov,
Nina Illarionna Starteva,
Hope Stepanovna Loop,
Vladimir Tikhonovich Kulikov,
Evgenia Ivanovna Kiykova,
Boris Grigorievich Glovan
Nikolai Dmitrievich Zhukov,
Vladimir Mikhailovich Zagorukhiko,
Yuri Semenovich Vitsenovsky,
Claudia Petrovna Kovaleva,
Evgeny Nikiforovich Shepelev,
Mikhail Nikolaevich Grigoriev,
Vasily Prokofievich Borisov,
Nina Georgievna Kesikova,
Antonina Nikolaevna Dyachenko,
Nikolai Ivanovich Mironov,
Vasily Ivanovich Tkachev,
Pavel Fedorovich Palaguta,
Anatoly Vladimirovich Lopukhov,
Dmitry Uvarovich Cucumbers,
Viktor Fedorovich Subbotin.
Years will be held. Our great country will heal heavy wounds inflicted by German-fascist cannograms, new bright cities and villages will grow on the ashes and ruins. A new generation of people will grow, but will never forget the names of young fearless undergrounders from the Donetsk city of Krasnodon. Their immortal feats will forever burn with bright ruby \u200b\u200bin the wedge of our fame. Their life, struggle and death will serve for our youth by an example of selfless service a great deal of party Lenin - Stalin.
"I, entering into the ranks of the" Young Guard ", in the face of his friends on arms, in the face of his native long-suffering land, in the face of all the people solemnly swear:
Unquestionably perform any task given to me by the senior comrade.
Store in the deepest secret, everything concerns my work in the "Young Guard". I swear to revenge mercilessly for the burned, ruined cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of thirty miners-heroes. And if my life takes my life for this revenge, I will give it without a minute of hesitation.
If I break this sacred oath with the torture or because of cowardice, then let my name, my relatives will be punched, and the harsh hand of my comrades also shines.
Blood for blood! Death for death!
We all loved Oleg. (Which it was a sensitive comrade, decisive, enterprising, persistent! We knew: if Oleg said - it means it will be done. He was not also seventeen years old, and how many books he already read, as he was comprehensively developed: perfectly understood in classical literature , fond of painting, music, sports, wrote poems. On the days of the war, when the Germans approached Krasnodon, Oleg instilled in us the courage and faith in victory.
So speaks about his friend and the combat comrades, Valery Forers - an active participant of the "Young Guard".
Oleg Koshevoy and all his friends-Krasnodonians knew.
It was an inspired Soviet young man, with a clean, open soul and an inquisitive mind. He loved the birthplace of fiery, all-consuming love. Each step of the German boot in Russian Earth responded in his hot heart brutal pain, called him to the holy revenge. And when the Germans came to his native city, when they began to drain and kill peaceful Soviet people, to invite youth to Kathers to Germany, Oleg expressed his thoughts and feelings in the frequency, blood of the heart of the written poetic lines:
I decided to live so impossible, -
Look either flour and suffer.
It is necessary soon, it's not too late
In the rear of the enemy-enemy to destroy!
And he said his mother:
- See you do the Germans with our people? Can we continue to endure? If we sit so much, folded your hands, we have all the chains. It must be struggling, fighting and fighting!
And the words of Oleg sounded with a passionate appeal to the sacred struggle with German invaders, when he, having gathered a group of comrades in his apartment, the same as on-flames of young patriots, revealed a bold, daring and deeply thought out plan for the creation of an underground Komsomol organization " Young guard".
- With Mother's Milk, we absorbed love for freedom, fortunately, and never to put us on your knees. We will fight how our fathers fought - to the last drop of blood, to the last breath. We will go on flour and death, but with honor to fulfill our duty to the Fatherland.
Inspired by their leader, Krasomol members of Krasnodon joined the "Young Guard" and solemnly swear to fight to the last drop of blood for the liberation of the birthplace from the German occupiers.
In September 1942, Oleg involved in the "Young Guard" 30 young men and girls of the city, in October the number of young guards increased to 70, and by December, the underground people had more than 100 people in their ranks.
Oleg Kosheva was the "Young Guard" Commissioner and the secretary of the Komsomol organization.
In the villages of Famykin, Izvarino and Pervomayka, at the direction of Oleg, branches of the "Young Guard" were created, and in the farms Gundorovka and Gerasimovka worked the secret agents allocated to them.
And the struggle began.
The police and the gestapovtsy knocked down from the feet in search of folk avengers, but all the spells of the Nazis were in vain. Every day, the activities of the "Young Guard" developed wider and wider.
Koshess organized a small, carefully covered printing house, mounted and installed four radio. Krasnodonians learned daily about the latest news from Moscow. The city was flooded with Soviet leaflets. Sobel himself distributed them. He moved to the policeman and night went to the most crowded places - to the Bazaar, to the labor exchange, to the wells, on the central streets - and left there white leaves, called the population to combat German invaders, who told the truth about the Red Army, about the Soviet country.
The revenge of the young guidance was merciless, visited the German invaders.
In the career of one of the mines two policemen were hanged.
On the road, Gundorovka-Gerasimovka flew to the air from the explosion of the grenade passenger car with German officers.
On the night of December 6, the building of labor exchange was burned down, and the fire destroyed all the lists of citizens scheduled to the hijack in Germany.
In the steppe, the protection of a huge herd of livestock was interrupted, selected from the residents of the district to send to Germany.
In the farms and villages, the skirds with bread, stolen Nazis lit up.
From the Pervomaisian hospital, the escape of 20 wounded prisoners of war was arranged.
In the farm Volchansky, 75 fighters and commanders of the Red Army disappeared from the concentration camp.
On the night of March 6-17, 1942 on many city buildings and at the highest tree of the city park; Red banners swayed, and slogans were disclosed on the walls of the houses: "Congratulations from the XXV anniversary of October, comrades!", "Death of German invaders!"
In the church, people received notes: "As we lived, so we will live; as we were, and we will be under the Stalinist banner."
And in all these exploits organizing and guide was the hand of Oleg Koshevoy.
Simultaneously with the combat activity, Koshevaya also took care of the growth of the Komsomol Rows, involved the best youth in the members of the IGCM. During the underground, it was customary to Komsomol 36 boys and girls. They were issued on the hands printed in the underground printing houses Komsomol certificates, valid at the time of the Patriotic War.
For the money collected by the young guards, the cat acquired and secretly handed gifts to the families of arrested communists, created a fund for the families of Frontovikov and issued them cash benefits.
Petached betrayal interrupted the combat activity of brave underground workers. Kosheva and his combat comrades were captured by the Gestapovians and were imprisoned.
The German monsters of the Komsomol hero was subjected to terrible flocks. He answered contempt and hatred for all attempts by the executioner to achieve recognition. The unshakable hardness of the Koshest Bessel gestapovtsy, they burned him with hot iron, launched a needle into the body, but nothing could break the resistance and will of Oleg. Only after each "interrogation" gray strands appeared in his hair.
To the question of the police chief, which forced him, Koshoy, go to partisans, Oleg answered:
- Love for homeland and hatred for you. You do not force us on your knees. Better we will die standing. We are more and we will win.
Comrades in the chamber Oleg inspired:
- Do not show the mind that it is hard for us to part with life. After all, these barbarians do not merge, and we die for a great thing - for the homeland, and the Motherland will revenge for us. Let's guys sing!
And the first fought the favorite song Ilyich - "tortured by severe unillates ..."
"It is necessary to fight, fight and fight" - this thought, expressed by Oleg his mother, in the first days of the occupation by the Germans of Krasnodon, did not leave the fiery young man and in the Gestapian dust. With the help of comrades, the cat hacked the prison lattice and tried to run. The gendarmes grabbed him, beaten up to death and completely gray, tortured, but not broken with the Spirit led to the execution.
He walked with proudly raised head. He knew that he was going to die for the people, for her hotly beloved homeland, and took death calmly, courageously, as the son of the Great Stalinist Guard applies.
In the last death hour with an unprecedented force, the beautiful moral appearance of this young man-soldier was revealed - with a crystal clear soul and a flame heart. His immortal image will inspire many generations of Soviet youth to great feats in the name of happiness of their homeland.
Vanya earthlov! Which of the Krasnodon Komsomol residents did not know this externally awkward, but always inspired guy - an outstanding speaker, a school poet, a witty newspaper, initiative pioneerweave! He enjoyed universal love and authority among young people. Days and nights, he sat down over the books of Pushkin, Belinsky, Gogol, Dobrolyubov, Gorky. He knew a lot of poems and poems of great classics of literature, read them at school evenings with great penetration. He especially loved Pushkin, and himself, having fun for the feather, dedicated her timid poet, but youth sincere poetic lines:
It's not ... but it seems to be
He, unchanged, with his own
Carries to the world of mysterious Tamara ...
I am still the king of my soul!
And when the Nazis, the sublime, noble soul of the Soviet young man who challenged the freedom and happiness of the people broke into Krasnodon, could not accept the arbitrariness and violence. Vanya Zamnov, along with Oleg Koshev and Sergey Tulenin, creates the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard". Grunov rides in the village of Famykin, Pervomayka and there forms groups of Komsomol residents-undergrounders. He helps Koshevaya Ideano to allocate the fighting detachment of young guards, makes up the text of the oath to loyalty to the Motherland, which each entering the "Young Guard", develops a cipher and passwords for the organization's participants, teaches the guys to take tracks, confuse the exclusive resource in conspiracy. Young Guard,
Often, the nineteen-year-old underground penetrated into the church during the service. And when the believers fell on her knees, they found leaflets who told the truth about the victories of the Red Army. The leaflets diverged through the city, calling the population to fight the occupiers, instilling in the heart of Soviet people faith in victory, in a quick deliverance from Hitler's tyranny.
In the destroyed building of the city bath, the young guards died deep cellars, where weapons and food were captured by the Germans. The organizer of this base was Vanya earthlov.
"The life of the underground is harsh," he said. - Everything can happen, and the products will be useful to us.
From the food reserves, the young guards gave the hungry mining families with cruck, sugar, millet. Inventors reserves were thoroughly replenished on New Year's Eve, when. Grinding with a group of comrades attacked a German car, loaded with New Year's parcels for German officers.
And here the hand of the traitor threw Vanya Zemnovhov to the Gestapian prison. He stood in front of the enemies strong and proud of the Spirit. He was suspended to the ceiling and when he was deprived of the feelings, cast water and again suspended. Several times a day, he was beaten with electric wires, pounding needles under his nails, twisted their hands and legs. But the Komsomolets-Undergrounder did not violate the sacred oath in a single word. Pretary terrible flour, he wrote from prison to parents: "Don't worry about me. I feel heroic. With greetings. I. 3." And so, to the last sigh, the great spiritual courage of Vanya Zhonnukhova was fugged. And, dying, he passionately urged his comrades given along with him to execute:
- Do not be afraid of death guys! We die for the right thing, for our victory!
So lived, fought and died in the fighting post Vanya Zhonnukhov, Krasnodonsky Komsomolets, Hero of the Soviet Union.
"What can oppose the solid will of a person? The will encompasses the soul. Want - it means hating, love, sorry, rejoice, live; in a word, the will is the moral strength of every creature, a free desire to create or destroy something, creative power, Which of nothing wonders! .. "
These words of Lermontov were recorded in the student notebook of the Krasnodonsky Komsomolskaya Komsomold of Ulyana Gromovoy. With all the power of his young, clean soul of Ulyana loved life, homeland. Komsomol brought up this volitional, bold, selfless girl. She loved books very much. Literature lessons were its most exciting occupation. Recruitment records of Ulyana are dressed up with notes from Lenin and Stalin's books, Gorky, Chernyshevsky, Chekhov, Mayakovsky, Shevchenko, Shakespeare, Jack London - notes, talking about courage, courage and persistence of people, about selfless overcoming difficulties, about the struggle for the freedom and happiness of the people.
The character of the girl-patriot appeared in the years was manifested in all its completeness in the days of the occupation by the Germans of the Krasnodonsky district. Ulyana cared for a seriously sick mother when Krasnodon occupied the Nazis. Robbery, murders, violence became everyday phenomenon in the city. Ulyana had to often hide in a barn from the Nazis, who were shaking the apartments, looking for girls to openly mock their honor.
Soon the Germans began to arrange clouds for girls for violent sending them to Germany. Parents of Ulyana were worried about the fate of her daughter and began to persuade her to go to work.
- I will not work at the reptiles, I declared the parents of Ulyana. - And I will not go anywhere. Ummer, but I will not go.
Then parents, realizing that the daughters still do not avoid the German cautious, went to the "Labor Exchange" and issued an employment card on Ulyana. Soon she was given the direction - the chernobias on the former land plot of the office "Zagotthot".
Having learned about this, Ulyana first acted on her parents, and then decided to go to the site and there among mobilized to work to start an active struggle with German, invaders. From the very first of the day she was exposed to the traitors penetrated on the site, chant them in the face of angry, passionate accusations. Krasnodonian girl-patriot girls were grouped around the Ulyana: Ivanikhina, Bondarev, Selfish and many others. In the evenings, they gathered at the apartment at Gromovo, wrote leaflets and the other day, spread them on the plot, posted on the building of the city administration, scattered on the streets.
By this time, the Underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" was formed in Krasnodone - Gromov entered it, was approved by a member of the headquarters and involved in the work of the "Young Guard" of many girls of the city.
In November, the Germans, intensifying the repression, launched a "voluntary" recruitment of youth to Germany. Ulyana wrote an appeal to the girls and young men of Krasnonon, calling them not to fall into the Hitler's fishing rod, not to go to German slavery. The recruitment failed. Then the Germans made lists of persons to be submitted to Germany. Lists were kept under the seven castles in the "Labor Exchange". Kidnap the lists and those save hundreds of Krasnodones from horrors of German slavery was impossible. And the headquarters of young guidance, at the suggestion of Oleg Koshevoy and Ulyana Gromovoy, made a decision: to burn the "Labor Exchange". Ulyana took an active part in the development of a faith plan. The sabotage was so well thought out that he gave the most brilliant results: the building flashed at once from all sides, the Germans could not put out the fire, and the fire destroyed the lists of all those intended for shipment to the cautious.
The apartment of Ulyana was the base where the collected thunder medicines were stored. Ulyana folded here a large number of dressings, bottles with iodom, bandages, wool. All this was intended for young guidance to re-control the parts of the Red Army.
At the initiative of Ulyana, the headquarters of the "Young Guard" arranged to work in various German institutions of girls, who, on the instructions of the headquarters, kidnapped the valuable documents there, made crossed acts.
In January 1943, when an underground organization with the help of traitors was disclosed by the police. Ulyana got into the hands of the peeled enemies. The Germans were amazed by the resistance of this eighteen-year-old high, slender girl with curly hair, with black, penetrating eyes. As soon as the German beast tried her! Ulyana was suspended by the hair, cut out on his back a five-pointed star, burned with a rat iron, sprinkled with salt, sled on a hot plate. The daughter of the Leninsky-Stalinist Komsomol Ulyana Gromova was held through all the torture and did not surrender to the executioners, did not give any of his comrades.
Exhausted, in the bruises returned Ulyana to the chamber after each torture. But in his eyes, the fire of hatred was eagerly burned, the solid determination was glowing to the end. Once the girls sitting with Ulyana in one chamber asked her to read the "demon".
- With pleasure! - she said. - I am "Demon" love. What is a wonderful work. Think only: he rebelled against God himself!
And she with great feeling read the exciting lines "Demon".
Ulyana until the last second of his life did not lose his breath in the spirit. When she found out that the execution time comes, then with the help of the "Young Guard" cipher talked through the walls of the camera to his friends: "The last order of the headquarters ... the last order ... you will be borrowed to the execution. We will behave through the streets of the city. We will sing Favorite song Ilyich ... "
On the wall of the camera Ulyana scratched a rusty nail: "Goodbye, dad. Farewell, mom. Goodbye, all my relatives. Farewell, my brother is a favorite eellow. You won't see me anymore ... I die ... Strong for your homeland "
And when Ulyana and other young guards of the executioners, the executioners were confronted into the shurta mines, Ulyana, who had just undergone a death torture, shouted:
- Girls! Do not robet, do not be afraid of death! Lenin and Stalin! Let's die for my homeland! Death to Gadam!
These were the last words of the heroic daughter of the Soviet people of Ulyana Gromovoy.
"Born in 1925 in a worker family. Member of the SBCM since 1942."
This is said about Sergey Tyulenina in the questionnaire.
"One of the brave underground workers, the head of the" Young Guard "headquarters, a participant, almost all armed operations of young Avengers."
So it will be written about Sergey Tyulenina on the pages of history.
Together with Oleg Koshev and Ivan Zemovov - Krasomol members of the city of Krasnodon - in early August 1942 created an underground Komsomol organization in the rear in Germans. It was suggested to call her "young guard", involved in her ranks of combat, brave youth of the city and the district.
From the very first days of the combat work of the "Young Guard" Tyulenin headed the group worked on the collection of weapons and ammunition. For three months, this group mined 15 automata, 80 rifles, 300 grenades, about 15,000 ammunition, 10 pistols and 65 kilograms of explosives.
Small, movable, rapid teenager young man, hot-tempered, progress and before desperation, Sergey quickly won in the underground organization, the glory of the fearless militant, initiative avenger.
With leaflets in his pocket, he appeared at the cinema before the start of the session and at the moment when the mechanic turned the light in the hall, spread the leaflets in the aisles, put them on his knees to the audience and always successfully slipped out of the hands of the opposite police.
Often, Krasnodonians read short - out of five to six words - leaflets pasted on the backs of the National PoliceStrics on the city market. It was also a business of Sergei Tyulenina and his fighting friends.
In the German club, Sergey kidnapped the fascist banner, poned the red flags from the panel and with the inscription "Death of German invaders!" He posted them in the XXV anniversary of October at the Voroshilov School, at Shah 21-Bis. Soviet people looked at these flags and through tears of joy spoke to each other:
- This is done for us, Soviet people. We remember about us, we are not forgotten by our.
Dark December night Sergey together with the young guards of any Shevtsova and Viktor Lukyanchenko burst into the building of the "Labor Exchange", which Krasnodonians called slavery nest, and lit it. On fire burned lists prepared by German slave owners. Thousands of Soviet people thanks to this got rid of the German cautious.
Sergey, together with Koshev, organizes the partisan detachment "hammer" from the young guards for armed struggle with the occupiers. Young folk avengers throw enemy vehicles with grenades, German soldiers and officers exterminate.
When the arrests of young guidance issued by the traitor began, Sergey managed to notify ten comrades about the threatening danger and, running out of the house, moved the front line and joined the parts of the Red Army.
In battle for the city of Kamensk Sergey heavily wounded. He captured, but on the second day fled. Exhausted, with a bleeding wound, Tyulenin came to Krasnodon and hid at the apartment of the sister. But the Gestapovtsians will soon napal on his track, and Sergey was thrown into the dungeons.
Terrible torture was subjected to the young hero of the brown executioners. Three times a day, he was beaten with their withdrawal, climbed his fingers in the rocks of iron doors, drove into a fresh wound a hot rack. Sergey fought steadily, courageously. Many times he lost consciousness, and when he came to his senses, he was a calm voice that brought the Germans to rabies, said:
- Well, what are you love to me? By God, I will not tell you anything ...
Then the Gestapovians decided to apply the "mental" torture. They led to the camera of Sergey's mother and began to stretch the old woman with it.
Sergey was silent.
Then the executioners tried another "method": in the presence of the mother, they suspended Sergey in the loop three times to the ceiling, a sharp needle of his eyes.
Sergey was silent. My old woman was silent. Even the moan did not hear the executioners.
And so, not defeated, Gordy, she walked Sergey to the place of painful execution.
On January 31, 1943, the Germans threw the semi-winning young man in Schurf Shakhty, and after him dropped there heavy iron trolley ...
So died for the motherland, the heroic son of the Leninsky-Stalinist Komsomol Seryozha Tyulenin.
In one of the July days of 1942, a fragile seventeen-year-old girl Lyuba Shevtsov came from Voroshilovgrad to Krasnodon. She studied in Voroshilovgrad at Radystok courses and, when the Germans captured the city, ran into the Krasnodon to the mother. Here she saw the paintings of the wild massacre of the Nazis over civilians. Terror, violence, German provocations wanted to disarm the Krasnodonians morally, turn them into silent, submissive slaves. The slave fate stepped out and the share of Lyuba Shevtsova.
But Lyuba did not bow the head to the invaders. She boldly entered into the path of active struggle against the enemies of his homeland. Passionate hatred for the Germans led to any in the ranks of the "Young Guard", made it one of the combat assistants of Oleg Koshevoy.
"The partisan work is not easy," Oleg warned. - Partizan will kill one German, the other, will kill a hundred, and one hundred first can kill him. Partizan never puts his life above the interests of the Motherland.
- I know where I go and what I go! Lyuba met firmly.
And from the very first days of the active activity of the "Young Guard", she gives all the strength to the fight against the enemy. Lyuba tirelessly and fearlessly fulfills the duties of the scout, connects young guards with partisan detachments, with the underground workers of Voroshilovgrad. Bold and relevant, she dresses in the best dresses, gives himself to the "hatering" of the Soviet power and the daughter of a large industrialist and enters the confidence in German invaders. She travels in machines with German officers, kidnaps important military documents from them. Taking advantage of high patronage, Lyuba does not bring any suspicion of the Gestapovts for himself and acts under their nose decisively, bold and always successfully.
Each task is the headquarters of Luba performs with a huge zeal. She plays the red flags on the former building of Rapipotople, on the Pipe of Mine No. 7-10; He writes and hangs on the walls of posters: "Long live the Stalinist constitution!", "Death by German invaders!" And next to the advertisement: "DANGER. is mined." At night, it makes his way into the building of the post office, abducts not tested by another censorship letters of the residents of Krasnodon, violent to Germany, and the next day distributes these letters around the city as leaflets. Together with other young guards, Lyuba Shevtsova set fires the building of the German "Labor Exchange".
On the instructions of the headquarters, it goes for intelligence in the city of Sergo and Kamensk and on the way - at railway stations and in cars - scatters the leaflets of the "Young Guard".
Under the New Year, love was arrested. When the gestapovtsy learned in her the "daughter of a large industrialist", they attached to anyone with special lattice. The executioners beat it to the loss of consciousness, they were suspended several times to the ceiling, demanding information about the organization. But Lyuba did not tend a word of recognition and herself, overcoming unbearable flour, mocked the Germans, laughed in his face. Once, during torture, having heard the noise of the Soviet aircraft, she precisely told the executioners:
- Hear? This is our voice ...
Without having achieved any information from the girl-guerriana, the Germans sent it to Rovenki, to the county gendarme department, to specialists in sophisticated torture. The gendarmes applied the hot iron to the body of Luba, cut the star on his back. But these flour did not lay the great resistance of the spirit of the glorious patriot. She made all torture, but did not call the names of their comrades to fight.
"No matter how much you torture me, but you will not be able to find out from me," she calmly said to the executioners.
The exhausted, bloody love threw after interrogations in the prison chamber. Coming to himself, she called the executioners sang songs.
For more than a month, the Germans defeated any Shevtsov and could not break her will declared her about the upcoming false execution. On the wall of the camera, Luba is a black pencil withdraw the farewell words of the lead.
A few hours before the shooting, she wrote a mother's note:
"Farewell, dear mom. Your daughter Lyuba goes to raw ground."
And nothing; Neither the death flour, the fear of close death was not embarrassed by the Spirit, did not donate the will of the faithful daughter of the Motherland.
Turning to the Soviet people sitting together with her, she said:
- Looking is not scary to die. Labor will be able to die honestly.
So Lyuba died, undefeated and proud of the consciousness of the accomplished debt.
He joined the Underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" as a senior comrade and at the first meeting was elected a member of the headquarters.
Krasomol members of Krasnodon well knew Vanya Turkenych still in school years. He became the Komsomol Center in 1940, was distinguished by discipline, the instructions of the Komsomol organization performed persistently, neatly.
Vanya's authority among young people rose even more when Krasnodonians learned that he finally graduated from a Sevastopol anti-aircraft school and bravely fighting with German invaders.
And so, when in the heavy summer fights of 1942, Turkeenich, hitting the environment, after several unsuccessful attempts to move the line of the front, found himself in Krasnodone, friends with great joy took him to the "Young Guard". So he became a combat commander of the underground Komsomol organization.
Together with Oleg Koshev, he organizes the branches of the "Young Guard" in the settlements closest to Krasnodon, involves the youth of the district in the underground work and carefully develops plans for armed struggle with the invaders.
In November, a group of young guidance, led by Turkenych, fired and scored with grenades a German passenger car. Three Hitler officers were killed. Since then, the group of Turkenych has organized sudden attacks on enemies. Young folk avengers destroyed 25 enemy soldiers and officers. Especially successful was the attack on German soldiers who hijacked 500 heads of livestock selected from local residents. The young guards killed all the protection, and cattle was cooked in the steppe.
Inventive and bold warrior, Turkeenich was constantly looking for and found all new and new techniques to combat invaders. At the station, the Ivarino group of Turkenych infected several warehouses with grain cooked to send to German rear; In the nearest villages of villages and farms, she burned bread skirds captured by the Germans; In Khutor, Volchansky freed 75 fighters and commanders of the Red Army from the concentration camp, arranged 20 wounded Red Army from May Day Hospital.
When the Nazis revealed the underground Komsomol organization, Turkeenich, deceiving the police, fled from the city, after several unsuccessful attempts switched to the front line and began to fight the Germans in the ranks of the Soviet Guards.
Having entered into Krasnodon, Turkenyich came to the fraternal grave of young guards and gave a sacred oath:
"I will not take off this soldier coinage until the last block of our Earth will be exempt from the damned beast, while the last German, who joined our land, will not be destroyed.
The last time I saw my Oleg on January 11 - the exhausted, patient frostbitated. He couldn't go home - he was waiting for his German gendarmes. He went to the neighbor. I was told about it, and I ran to Oleg. It was necessary to hide him somewhere. I decided to send my son to the neighboring village. Said his girl and went with him. I hurt me to look at Oleg. Camefully maternal heart: be misfortune. Did not stand it, burst out:
- Do you see you, son?
And he comforts:
- Do not cry, mom. Alive stay. Beget yourself. And the Germans do not catch me. Soon we will come, not far. We heal, mom, yes, how!
And right, our soon came. Only my son did not have a chance to live to a bright day. My boy is not removed. Killed my Oleg's monsters ...
... what only made German executioners with him! When they got a hole, I immediately recognized him. Only the shirt remained on it, the same I put on with my own hands on him. On the cheek of the wound, one eye is painted, the head is broken. And whiskey white-white, as chalk sprinkled. What torments he accepted into mortal o'clock! How will the German killers pay for the seats of my Oleg? .. during his lifetime he often loved to say:
- What to live on the knees, it is better to die standing.
And the word is not changed to his own way; On his knees in front of German never became, died standing.
People who were sitting in prison with him tell that he was not afraid of torture or death itself. The police chief asked him:
- Why not conquer the Germans? Why did you go to the anti-impenette organization?
"Then," Oleg replied, "I love my homeland and I don't want to live on my knees." Better death than German slavery.
The Germans beat his Germans for proud of these words, and he did not give up, stood on his. In gendarmerie, they say, he tried to be fun, he sang all the time, hempped the guys:
- Although I will die, so we know what!
He was only sixteen years old. He dreamed of becoming an engineer. I loved the literature very much, I read a lot, poems composed. He was fond of chess, sports. Very well danced, adored the music. But the love of books by Oleg was special, limitless. The Vali Fourth library he reread all, to a single book. He really wanted to learn how to play on the piano and even in the days of the occupation, without giving peace of the shaft of the Fourth, demanding that she was doing with him.
Rust, broadly, he looked older than his years. He was all beautiful. He had big brown eyes, long eyelashes, smooth wide eyebrows, high forehead, blond hair. Oleg never sick. He was extremely a healthy boy.
Oleg School entered seven years. He studied very well, with a big hunt; In all subjects, he had excellent marks.
Until 1940, we lived in the Kiev region, and after the death of the husband moved with Oleg to Krasnodon, the Voroshilovgrad region, to my brother. Here Oleg acquired many friends, he entered the Komsomol here.
Oleg did not have time to finish High School. He switched to the tenth class when the war began.
In July 1942, the front approached Krasnodon. Oleg and my brother tried to go to the east, but managed to get only to Novocherkasska and they were surrounded. Roads were cut off. They had to return back, in Krasnodon. There were already Germans here. In all, the German "new order" was playing: executions, mass arrests, spanking.
Oleg, on returning a lot has changed: he became silent, secretive, often left the house or led him comrades, and they were moving around several hours, they sat in the room. For a long time I could not understand what's the matter. Once, by chance, by chance, returning home not in the class hour, found several guys. They wrote something and seeing me, hurriedly hid the paper. I asked to say what they were doing. The guys are depressed. I insisted. Then Oleg said:
- We write leaflets.
And he calmed his comrades:
- Do not be afraid, my mother will not give us.
I'm interested:
- What will you do with leaflets?
- Let's go to the theater and we will distribute them there.
I asked to show a flyer. Oleg immediately handed me a scanned sheet of paper. There it was said that parents hide their sons and daughters and did not bring them to Germany.
What could I do? To ban? I could not do this and did not want. Yes, they would not have obeyed. I just warned them to be careful.
Soon the guys left. And I did not find my whole evening, all night the eyes did not bother - I was afraid for my son, and for his comrades. Oleg Night did not come. And the next day appeared shining:
- Congratulate, Mom. Everyone was distributed to one leaflet, and two pieces even put the police in his pockets.
So the underground Krasnodonovskaya organization "Young Guard" began its work.
The laws underground require conspiracy. Oleg received a conspiracy nickname "Kashuk". Serious, mortal struggle intertwined with youth romance. I learned from your cute swollen on the further steps of the organization and provided his son's satisfaction. Completely imperceptibly for himself, I am also involved in the activities of the organization. The guys not only ceased to fear me, but sometimes they even gave separate orders, mainly watchdown and intelligence.
From the first fewers of September, we listened to the radio at the apartment of the Soviet Informbury every evening. The guys have found out that one local resident, an engineer, has been preserved a radio. Oleg went to the engineer and, without being, said he wanted to listen to Moscow and asks him to give him a receiver. The engineer reacted to the request of Oleg sympathy and handed him the receiver.
But there were difficulties with electrical displacement. German command, having organized a small power plant, gave light only in those apartments where the Germans stood. Then the guys set two poles at night and spent the wire in our apartment. The receiver earned.
At first, Oleg listened to the radio broadcasts himself, recorded Informbüro reports and attributed to their comrades, and they were already rewriting and distributed around the city. When the receiver turned on, we covered the window tightly, and after the reception disassembled the device, folded into the basket and worn to the basement. The Germans did not really become where the population of the city learns about the actual position of things at the front. Police Irckaki detect the radio station could not.
Early in the morning on November 7, in the XXV anniversary of the October Revolution, Oleg, Red from excitement, came to me and said:
- You go see what is done in the city!.
I went out on the street and frowned. Above a few, the largest houses fluttered the Red Soviet flags. People poured on the streets and considered with admiration unknown from where the flags appeared,
I was not frightened for a joke.
"Oleg," I asked, "Is this your job?" He laughed:
- No, mom, it's not me.
- Then who?
"Yes, there are such guys who posted," he answered evasively.
Flags hung at mines No. 12, 7-10, 2-bis, 1-bis, at the Voroshilov School, on the German Direction and on other buildings. It began a real pilgrimage to flags. The police rushed around the city, overclocking the audience. It is said that flags were made by the inscriptions: "mined". Apparently, therefore the Germans did not decide to remove them. The flags hung all day and only disappeared by night.
... in the evening my mother came out for something into the courtyard, but in a minute ran into the house with a cry:
- Fire!
Oleg and I went outside. The glow of the fire covered Fullba. Mother guessed:
- Fire on the garden. Not "Exchange" Lee, an hour, burns? - Oleg sitro grinned:
"Exactly, grandma guess, this is" stock "burns, and the stop does not burn yet ... And she also relieves to burn ...
With these words, he dressed and left.
It became clear to me, whose hands are this business. Without Oleg and his friends did not cost here.
As I learned after I learned, the building burned down the ground, and the lists of people intended for shipment of work in Germany were killed.
And this time the Germans did not find the perpetrators.
A few days later, Oleg came to me some kind of especially excited and solemnly announced:
- Congratulate me, mommy. I took the oath and gave an oath that I would be up to last breath to fight the Germans. We have our own organization ...
Young Guards grew numerically and efficiently. More recent schoolchildren today were already real subscriptions, which developed their tactics, had a certain combat task. Gradually, Oleg and his comrades turned their organization from a purely campaign to the organization of armed resistance to the Germans. In the warehouse of the "Young Guard" rifles and grenades were taken away from the Germans. From these, the roads for Hitler's machines became unsafe.
German commandants were worried. They increased the state of the police. The young guards chased the Germans day and night. These are them, young guards, spoiled a telephone and telegraph connection. It is they when the Germans tried to take bread from Krasnonon, burned six bathers and four hay stacks. This young guards shot off 500 cattle heads, which Germans prepared to be sent to Germany, and also killed the soldiers accompanying cattle.
Once, Oleg Sergey Tyulenin has dragged a big fascist banner to us home.
Oleg asked me to hide the banner and said:
- The girls argue with a swastika and fly on this place a sickle and hammer. We will meet with this banner to meet the Red Army.
I took the flag and snapped it with cloves under the table so that it was not visible.
To the great grief, the undertone was not implemented. By the time of the arrival of the Red Army of the majority of members of the "Young Guard" was no longer alive ...
Somehow in the morning, in October, Seryozha Tyulene came and says:
- Oleg and I will go to collect Turn for a whole day, do not worry.
Oleg returned only in the evening with empty hands.
- And where is the turn? I asked.
He jumped and said that there was no thorns anywhere.
A few days later I learned from Sergey that it was for the "Turn Collection". It turns out, Oleg and Sergey on this day burned many warehouses of the hay and cut a lot of wires.
I again warned them: cut - cut, but look at both, do not come.
There was also a case, too, in October. Oleg left home in the morning. Then Sergey brought a note in which Oleg wrote that he would not come home to spend the night, and asked not to worry. Another day in the morning, Oleg came very tired, said they walked for an rally to perform the task: the two warehouses of bread were burned.
The young guidancers had special temporary certificates that were issued by the guys entering the Komsomol. They had their own typography. Lyuba Shevtsova had a radio. They said that she held in her connection with the Voroshilovgrad and Rostov partisan detachments.
We went to us once a few German officers, and my brother understood a little in German, and Oleg too. They managed to overhear the conversation of the Germans. The Nazis were going to put on cannon and tank layouts to distract the attention of Russians and meanwhile the main forces to take the advancing parts of the Red Army into the ring. Oleg, as he heard about it, now went to his headquarters, and already from there on the distances it was reported by our troops about the intention of the Germans: Oleg then said that they were greatly helped by the Red Army with this warning.
The work of young guards was deadly. A little bit like that, the slightest slip, the mistake, chance - and everything could go to the rush. And the payback is known: death.
Somehow Sergey Tyulenin got the task to bring cartridges and grenades. He loaded two cats with ammunition and went. And suddenly ran into the police. Lead guys in a commandanttry.
Lucky this time on seinery. Miraculously lucky. The night was kept in the commandanttia, and the next morning was fined 50 rubles and kicked out. And they did not pay attention to the basket. Probably decided that the boy is very small - what a danger from him!
But another case. Oleg, Olya and Nina Ivantovov, Sergey Tyulenyn and others arranged with us on the apartment meeting. I'm going on the housework in the first, passing room, and they are sitting in another. Suddenly a knock at the door. I looked out in the window, I see - the police. Quickly locked the door of the second room, the key hid and let the police.
- What do you do? - asked the senior policeman.
- Nothing. Stroke oven.
"We will put Romanian to you."
One of the police comes to the locked room I says:
- Open the door.
I did it and measure. Well, I think everything is gone. I try to take myself in my hands and say:
- Another woman lives here. She gone and will come soon. And the key took with you. Let, "I say," Romanians occupy my room, and I will live with a neighbor.
Police swallowed and left. Only they are behind the threshold, I rushed to the guys:
- Have you heard?
They answer that everyone heard, but that for another twenty minutes they need to be advised.
Half an hour passed, and the guys and do not think to disperse. There were already new guests - Romanians - accompanied by police officers, but the guys were so carried away, which they do not hear, they continue to talk loudly.
I see that the matter is bad, and I almost scream, I appeal to the policeman:
- Mr. Policeman! Where to get straw, lay Romanians?
Fortunately, the guys heard my loud voice, understood what was the matter, and immediately quiet. Everything went well.
On January 1, 1943, mass arrests of young people began. Every minute they could come for Oleg. It was impossible to stay in the city. Five people, and Oleg, including, decided to leave and break into parts of the Red Army.
I said Oleg:
"Do not take a Komsomol ticket with you, let me hide it, here it will be intact, and when you come, I will give you."
Oleg answered me:
"You know, Mom, I always listened to you, you always gave me good advice." But now I will not listen and I will not give the Komsomol ticket. What I will be the Komsomolets, if the ticket is left at home?
Then I sewed a Komsomol ticket to the jacket and twisted threads so as not to fall. Several blanks of Komsomol certificates Oleg himself sewed into the coat.
... Guys went. They wrapped around ten days, they sought to move the front line, and for the eleventh day they came back. Nowhere they failed to break through.
& nbsp; * * *
January 11 ... day, when I last saw my boy. He barely moved his legs. And it was necessary to go further, to escape from the executioner.
"Grandma," he asked, "Bring my Nagan." He is hidden in Saraj, behind the board ...
Grandma brought Nagan.
We did not want Oleg to take him with him. I told him:
- If even though the bullets were, and then one only. Why take it?
- There are mom, cases, "Oleg replied, - when and one bullet is needed. Maybe on the officer the attack, kill or as a last resort, than to give up to the executioners, herself a shot.
Oleg was detained in the sideline and led to ropes. When I came there, then the survivors told me about the fate of Oleg. They did not know the surnames of my son, but according to the signs it was he. They said that the boy, who found Nagan without bullets and the Komsomol ticket served in the jacket.
Oleg Police immediately sent to the Gendarmey.
No, do not describe me with the words of all torture suffered by Oleg and his comrades. The executioners burned the number of Komsomol ticket numbers on their bodies, they drove them with the needles under the nails, caught the heels with hot iron, shook their eyes, hang out for their feet to the ceiling and kept until the blood began to flow from the mouth. The Germans broke their hands and legs to the young guards, drove their breasts with grooves of automata, beat into two screens, applied a hundred shots at once. The blood of young guidance was painted the walls of prison, and the executioners made the young patriots lick this blood with the language.
The heart stops when I remember that the killers with my son and with dozens of the same young Krasnodonians did. Let the curses be the Germans! Let them vitrate the ghost of terrible executions. Let them comprehend themselves inevitable death!
Elena Koshelev
January 25, 1943, in the evening, I returned home from the neighbors. I come to the house, and the door is closed. It comes out a little son and an agitated voice asks:
- Who's there?
- This is me, Kolya!
- Are you alone, mom?
- one.
Only I entered, he informed his joyful whisper:
- Mommy! Sergey came!
I have and slaughter. I run into the room. Sergey sits, holding his hand.
- What's wrong with you, Serious?
- So, trifles, wounded a little. Then he told me:
"When we sisters, Nadi and Dasha," on January 15, switched to the front line, I went to the recovery. There I was checked and on my insistent request sent to the military unit, which at that time was coming to the city of Kamensk. Nine days I worked in the intelligence of this part. January 24, a fierce battle on the approaches towards Kamensk. Me and a few more comrades were sent to divide the firepoints of the enemy. The operation was unsuccessful. We were surrounded. Many were killed, and I was wounded. I somehow escaped. Only it was impossible for her ITTI, and I went towards the city. Since I was in civilian clothes, I did not pay special attention to me.
I am going and see - the Germans stand on the turn. Quickly reset in the hut. There is no one. We grab some bucket and calmly go out into the street. The Germans who stood on the turn of the street, forced me to wear them water into the kitchen. Obviously, took me for the local resident. The wound was terribly sick, the sleeve was impregnated with blood, Zaledaled. But I endured. And then in the evening I left the city and then came to you ...
He began to ask me to take him home.
- You have children. They will find me here, shoot with me and you.
I changed it into a female dress, bitten a big warm scarf and took home on the second day. He was at home just a day, and traitors gave it.
What do I know about the activities of the "Young Guard"?
I found the first leaflet under the doors in December or November 1942. After that, another four found leaflets written from hand. They reported on the onset of the Red Army under Stalingrad, Voronezh. In January, I do not remember what the number I know that the eve of Baptism was - I went to the church, I decided to remember my dead relatives. He wrote their names, wrapped in a cardboard and handed over to the priest. He remembered the relatives of my, and after the dyac of the cards returned to us. I turned my cardboard - I look, and in it, except for my note, the other lies. I read: "As we lived, so we will live. As we were, so we will be under the Stalinist banner."
M. Tyulenyna
On the morning of January 1, 1943, Sergey Tyulenin came to our apartment and said that the arts of the "Young Guard" were arrested in the city.
I am strongly alarmed. Valeria was not at home. I revised all her books, things, documents. Postponed to destroy or better straighten everything that could cause suspicion or to serve as a street.
Soon another youngwinder came - Ostapenko, healthy, beautiful, black-haired young man. Conventional calm left him. He worried, and a bright blush performed on his cheeks. Ostapenko said that Valery is safe, and asked to give him the texts of leaflets, the forms of Komsomol tickets, posters, grenades, ammonal. I passed everything. He left, and I went to the porch after him. The night was dark-dark ... I hear near the quiet, barely catchy rustle. It began to peering and noticed in the corner of the courtyard silhouettes. There was a long whistle. So only my daughter whistled, and I confidently went through the courtyard.
It was Valery and Sergey Tyulenin. They told me about their intention to move the front. I approved their decision and asked them to be as careful.
Darkness all thickened. We stood in the corner of the courtyard, closely clung to each other, giving a minute of parting. Finally, I told the guys quietly: "It's time to leave!" I said goodbye to Valeria. Sergey also hugged and kissed me. It seemed to me that a piece of living body was separated from me; The heart snaps stronger, rushed to the throat. But I did not cry: I did not want to upset them.
At that time, remote steps were heard. I once again said goodbye, hurried to the apartment and closed the door for myself.
Soon there was a knock.
- Open! Police.
Well, I think it started ...
The apartment entered the assistant police chief, a traitor and selling soul 3., a policeman and another German. 3. asked: "Where is the daughter?" I replied that she went to the village to change things. The questions followed: with whom, where and what did she take with it? I replied that on the eve of the evening we talked about it, but where she would go and with whom - we did not agree about it; We were interested in more, and how best to use it possible. In the morning, I say, I went to the bazaar, and when I returned home, my daughter was no longer.
Police searched, turned over the bottom in the house. 3. All told that my daughter's wines are completely insignificant, and that the most important admitted in everything, they were only slightly spacked and let go, and that Valeria is needed, they say, as a witness. 3. I gave the word of an honest person that if I tell, where Valeria, the police would never get closer to my apartment and Valery would calmly live in Krasnodone, and not wander somewhere. Somehow, in addition to the will, I broke out the phrase:
- Do you have an honest word?
Turned the monster; His small, fast running eyes flooded with blood. He grabbed Nagan, brought him closer to my face and, stuck up, shouted:
- Oh, you ... shoot! College immediately. In the police, you will speak differently. We will be able to unleash the language!
I was very calm. Dressed and began to say goodbye to Lyuya (my second daughter). Neither she, nor I cried, although it was very hard and tears crowded on the eyes.
3. Again spoke softly and incho:
- Here you see what your persistence leads to! You go away at once of two children: one circumscribed on the wanderings, and the second - on hungry death. Think about it, there is still time.
I repeated again that I don't know anything. He rose and ordered to follow him, threatening:
- Let's see what you will tell us the police.
We went out. The wind rose in the yard; Wet and spiny snow shoved her face. All the streets and shorts of the city I knew well. My thought flashed about the flight, but, remembering the lus, I firmly went ahead.
I searched me in the police, registered, then led to the office to the boss.
Cabinet was brightly lit. At the table, in a large leather chair, lounging, sitting the boss. On the table lay the shoulders: thick, thin, wide, like belts, with lead tips. To the left of the boss was sitting 3. and smiled enchantingly.
The sofa stood earthlings. He was without glasses and seemed more than the usual narrowed. The eyes are red, eyelids are very inflamed. On the face of abrasions and bruises. On the floor lay his coat. All clothes on it were in the blood, the shirt on the back stuck to the body. On the floor there were large bloody stains. This picture made a terrible impression on me. I squeezed the fists and involuntarily took a step back.
Because of the table, the boss was risen - a man of huge growth, with huge swirls, compressed in fists. The hat is thrown on the forehead. From under it, small, hard and thorny eyes rushed to me. He took a few steps to me and, shaking his fists in the air, sent the choice of the swift.
- Where is the daughter? Who left?
I replied that I don't know anything about my daughter, except that she went to the village to change things.
- Where are the grenades? He shouted. - You also do not know? - And hit me on the face.
I was shaken. The assistant hit me on the other side. At my head, the blows were sprinkled on the right, then on the left, and I walked into one, then in the other direction. The face was very burning, in the ears rang.
Turning to earthhov, the head of the sprawl:
- Where are the grenades?
Zharvov answered tiredly:
- I do not know.
The boss ordered to bring me out.
Policeman, drowning, asked:
- Where to take it?
-. Yes, - extended the boss, - we have no female camera. But you may take temporarily all women in the room against my office.
We came out of the office, made two steps and stopped. The policeman opened the door and noticedly noticed:
- It will be your apartment. Sick Housewarming!
In addition to me, two women entered the chamber - elderly and young. The door slammed with us, it became very dark. I could not consider anything.
I decided to lie on the floor, but did not have time to do it, as heard the heart-dye cries, then the deaf moan. I went to the door, dropped on my knees and through the keyhole began to watch the corridor. Elderly woman almost prayed to God. Young scolded someone outraged.
According to the corridor, a policeman was running with a bucket in his hands, shompols carried away, some wide belts and ropes. Somewhere nearby, there were no heartzdiyevitating screams.
I could not stand it, got up and moved away from the door.
Beying and tormented people of hours to two nights, then everything subsided. Before the morning I did not wash the eye.
The whole day arrived arrested; They led guys and girls. In adjacent with us, the camera "dealt" the investigator. From there they also came the moans, screams, swearing, blows about the floor, burning, horn, clad iron. The wall was trembling. They called again Zamnovhova, Moshkov and others and scaredly mocked them. The torture continued for about noon.
The second night came. She did not differ from the first: led people, beat, tied; Creams and moans were distributed again for two nights.
I fell a long time at the door and I watched a corridor through the keyhole. It seemed to me that I was leading Valery,
In our chamber began to bring new ones. Once a policeman pushed the girl and shouted with laughter:
- Take the Voroshilovgrad artist! The threshold was stopped by a girl of 17-18, medium height, blonde. Disposable strands of curly hair were knocked out from under the caps. It was a dark blue coat, in the hands of a bundle. The girl circled our dull faces by blue, like cornflowers, eyes and spoke: "Will be sad. Hello!" And sat among us on the floor. We were silent. She once again glanced at the camera, appealing to me, said:
- Want sweet? I have jam and candy.
She hooked to me, turned a bundle and began to treat candy. Then he put the jar with jam, put cookies and says:
- Here, the reptiles, chocolate was still taken away. And the harmonica is lip, too ... I went with her even in intelligence ... Someone said:
- It is unlikely to play a harmonica here! They will play on your back so that they will immediately discuss the hunt for the harmonica.
- I have? Never, no means! Honeycomb me will not make me! - she started.
We attempted sweet, then approached the girl to the window and began to talk quietly. I called him myself.
"You look like a currency," she said. - Well, I'm Lyuba Shevtsov. My daughter and I should have brought a radio station from Voroshilovgrad, but now everything fell away! Prevented. Now these reptiles require me to say where the radio station is hidden. Dudes! Not on such attacked!
- Or maybe it would be better to give them receivers? - I tell her.
Lyuba looked at me with his blue eyes and indignantly whispered:
- What are you, what are you! Give the enemy to betray your! Never! Better the most tallest death.! So I will know what honestly died, I did not destroy my. And if I opened it a secret of negotiations, then you think they would not shoot me? Yes, and the price of buying life? Never! Labor will be able to die honestly.
I shook her hard hand, tears performed at my eyes.
- Lubash, you are right! - I said.
She hugged me, and we kissed.
Our camera was already filled. Arrested women and girls began to leave in the corridor. There was a Tosya Mashchenko with her mother, the mother of Ivanzova Olga, Sokolova and others, which I did not know.
Numbro in the chamber included several gendarmes, police chief and translator. The boss explained to the gendarmes who were arrested for. Then they took the list and called the names of those who decided to let go home. From our camera was released by a man ten. The remaining translated into a small, crude, dirty and stinking chamber. The floor there was wet, with the walls of small jets escaped water.
In the morning, I was forced to wear bricks to masonry the oven in the office of the boss. In the corridor we met a translator. I asked him why I was not let me go like other mothers. He replied:
- Your daughter was active, and you could not know about her actions.
Hopes for liberation I collapsed. I prepared to drink a bowl to the bottom.
Replenishment arrived in the chamber - led Pervomai girls. This produced a depressing impression on us. We did not want to believe that everything dies; We urged that individual young guards will be saved and that the work will again be deployed.
Pervomians broke into two groups: the part was placed with us, the rest were taken to another chamber. Among the girls I learned Ulyanu Gromov, Shura Bondarev and Shura Dubrovin.
Gromov made a very good impression on me. It was a high growth of a slender brunette, with curly hair and beautiful features of the face.
"The struggle is not such a simple thing," she said. - It is necessary in any conditions, in any atmosphere not to bend, and find the output and fight. We can also fight in these conditions, just need to be more decisive and organized. We can arrange escape and continue our work freely ... Think about it!
She fell on the floor up face, put his hands under her head and began to look at one point with his black smart eyes.
The girls asked her to read a "demon." She willingly agreed.
In the chamber it became completely dark. A pleasant soft voice of Ulyana began:
Sad demon, Exhalation Spirit,
Flew over the sinful of the earth,
And the best days of remembrance
Before Him crowded the crowd ...
Suddenly there was a terrible cry. Gromova stopped reading.
"It begins," she said.
Stones and screams are all intensified. There was a sobral silence in the chamber. So it lasted for a few minutes. Gromov, referring to us, read the hard voice:
Sons of snow, Sons of Slavs,
Why did you fell by courage?
What for? Your tyrant will die
How all the tyrants were extinguished!
Someone sighed and said:
- Difficult to finish these reptiles!
"Nothing," Gromova answered, "us millions!" All the same Victory will be behind us.
Shura Bondarev - Shadhen of medium height, with brown eyes and pleasant features of the face - perfectly sang and danced. Often in the evenings, we asked to sing something like a shouter. In the song she invests so much feeling that every word of the song took some particular meaning.
In the adjacent chamber sat the brother Shura. Once she approached the wall of this camera and said:
- Now I sleep for my brother his favorite song. Maybe she added thoughtfully, - he will listen to me for the last time!
She fell and ended in front of the end, he flooded with tears. We all silent, lowering the head. Shura quickly calmed down and said:
- I do not like the cocks and hate myself when this salty water flows. - She got his eyes, and she had some funny song, then suggested: - Let's sing something together!
We sang the favorite song Ilyich "tortured by heavy unilies." They sang well, with a soul, sang until a policeman stuck.
The camera was very small, but we became closely to the walls, and Shura almost in one place managed to dance. In her dances there were a lot of grace and beauty.
Dubrovina Shura is a dense, medium gloss blonde, a round-blood, with blue, eyes. I never said anything about myself, always reassured others and worried about others. Something happened, squeezed, my hair or hand will say and say:
- Dont cry. Won at Maria Andreevna, the child is at all alone on the street, and then she does not cry. Well, calm down! - Her voice was made gentle, asking. She said: - Understand, after all, our family is much harder: they are poor, do not know what we are. Yes, whether they will have to survive!
She was sorry for her, but she knew how to hate their enemies. When she spoke about the Germans, everything was boiling in it. It was deeply impressionable.
It came mid January. Our troops quickly moved forward. The noise of cars came to the chamber on which Fritz was running out.
Somehow evening began to cause arrested from cameras. From our cameras called Sokolov and me. Dubrovina rushed to me on the neck, cried:
- What is it, liberation or death?
Everyone was very worried.
In the corridor, young people were built in the corridor, and the German was stood against each Komsomolets. Thus, two ranks turned out. The distance between the Shergemi is one step. The translator kept some paper in his hands. The head of the prison fussed. When I appeared on the threshold, he grabbed my shoulders, pushed to the exit and said:
- Go, go from here!
I ran out on the courtyard and did not believe my liberation. On the courtyard there was a car and served short signals. It was evident that the Germans were in a hurry.
I ran home. It seemed to me that someone caught up with me that I was catching up and put on this stinking hole ...
The young guards of the Ball must have dropped mine in Schurf. Witness a terrible violence was the watchman. He says that three days from the shurt came the moans ...
Parts of the Red Army are moving towards Kamensk. On the street one after another cars pass. Dust does not have time to sit down and hang in the air, exactly smoke curtain. Red Army leaves ...
He becomes sad and hurt on the heart. It seems as if something native, favorite, and all sorry to tears, take off. But I do not cry, but only with sadness I look after the outgoing and with fear I think about the future.
On July 20, I woke up at dawn. From afar, a deaf noise of motors came from afar. Germans entered the city. They did not have time to settle in the city, as they began to "hunt": they took everything that they just liked. Then the mass executions of the Communists and Jews began. I was afraid for my father. And then we learned that we had two denunciations to the police. And we decided that dad should leave.
A few days later, he, exhausted, semi-blind, went where the eyes look. And I stood and looked after him until he disappeared. It was terribly hard on the soul. Thoughts in the head swept the rim:
"Today, this man had a family, a house, children, and now, like a homeless dog, should wander on the ground, sising the enemy. And how much is tortured, hanged, it is not confused in any other Soviet people!"
From these thoughts, hatred was scored in my key. I wanted mercilessly to revenge the enemies who destroy our happy life. And when, in a few days, Stepan Safonov introduced me to Sergey Tuylanin, told about Oleg Koshev and his beautiful idea of \u200b\u200bcreating an underground anti-fascist organization, I accepted the offer to join the "Young Guard".
Soon the mobilization of young people in Germany began. The Germans lie down and flattery tried to lean the youth to departure to Germany. We faced the task of us - split all the tricks of the enemy. We decided to write leaflets and tell them the whole truth about the subit plants of the fascists. And we wrote on behalf of the headquarters of the underground organization (Shdo) such a leaflet:
"Measure the German invaders!
Read and pass the comrade!
Comrades!
Do not believe the false agitation, which is carried out by Shutsmans and the police. Each word is filled with a lie. They want to recruit you for religious work on mines, factories. Ahead of you is waiting for death and hunger away from their homeland. Do not come to the fishing rods of German and do not believe their false agitation. Become in the ranks of the defenders of their rights, their interests. Beit, loud, destroy the fascists in the rear!
Shdo. "
Following the first leaflets, others followed. Then we began to record summaries of Sovinformbühro. Residents of Krasnodon, reading these reports, began to feel more difficult to believe that the Red Army will soon come and free them from the fascists.
Once I saw how the crowd of prisoners of war - dirty, torn, hungry people. Residents endured bread and threw straight into the crowd. The escorts shouted, shot, and the crowd was all walked, and it could not be stopped. When the prisoners passed through the move, one man from the crowd shouted:
- Comrades, attach! An hour of rebel is close, soon the sun goes over Krasnodon.
All this was very similar to the demonstration. At this time I also stood near the move. The heart was filled with hatred for enslaves. I looked forward to tasks from the organization ...
Events raised. Far behind Krasnodon has already sparkled the zarry of our powerful artillery salts. We applied all new and new blows from the inside.
On the eve of November 7, 1942, the headquarters of the "Young Guard" decided to hoist the red flags on the city buildings. In the evening, Sergey Tyulenin approached me in the club and said:
- Valya! There is a task. Will you go?
"Certainly," I replied.
In half the tenth, we approached mine number 1-bis. There was heavy rain, mud slapped under his feet. I, Dadyshev and Ostapenko stopped and began to watch the deserted alley, and Sergey climbed to hang the flag. Suddenly I saw in the dark figure of a policeman, whistled quietly. All plucked. The policeman passed by, noticing anything. Sergey strengthened the flag, and we went home joyful, excited.
The Germans widely spread rumors that the Red Army, they say, no longer exists that Moscow is already busy, and instead of the Red Army, Mongols and Kalmyks are fighting under the guidance of the British. Fascist gastences also distributed all sorts of non-residents. We began to fiercely break all this lies. Talked with people, the texts of Soviet leaflets were given, reported the summary of Sovinformbüro, argued the population that the fascists were beneficial to sow such Bedding. They paid attention to the fact that the German army decomposes, and there is discontent among Romanian and Italian soldiers that the Germans are shot by the Romanians, throwing the front ...
Once we saw on the car that came to one house, the fascists began to ship some bags and drawers. Taking advantage of the moment when there was no one near the car, I, Sergey Tyulenyn and a few more guys, got into the car and saw among the weapons bags with New Year's gifts Fit.
- So these are still gifts? Will not be! - I said. - burn guys!
As soon as we got for the work, as the police saw. From the body, Sergey took a tank from under gasoline. Instantly accepted the decision: "If notice, you will hit it on the head of the tank and run." But the policeman passed by, noticing anything. We quickly unloaded the car and hid everything in a safe place. The next morning, under the leadership of Moshkova and Zemnavov, all this we dragged into the destroyed building of the city bath, which adapted the warehouses of weapons and food kidnapped by the Germans.
Soon the gestapovians arrested Moshkov. A few days later we were convinced of treason. Staying in the city has already been risky, and Oleg Kosheva, Seryozha Tyulenin, Boria Glovan, Nina and Olya Ivantsov, and I decided to immediately leave and get to Mityakinsky partisan detachment. But on the place known to us, the squad did not turn out, and we went to the front line to go it.
In one of the overwear, not far from Fokino, I fought off comrades. It was difficult to live. In his pocket, no things have a penny. A piece of bread had to get with great difficulty. I passed from the village to the village. Then he went towards where parts of the Red Army could be, but due to the strong artillery fire, the front line could not go. Appeared to the German commandant and said that I was evacuated from Stalingrad, and asked if it was possible to go to the village at six kilometers. He replied:
- When we take it back, then go. "Hurray, that means our!" I thought and, coming out of the commandant, quickly went to Fokino.
On the way, I met Sergey. At night, we switched to the front line and headed for Tarasovka. For the Occolta of the farm met Germans. Sergey raised Nagan (he took him one killed by the Germans killed) and shouted: "Hand Hech!" German hastily grabbed the machine. Sergey shot. With a standing moan, the German fell on the snow. As soon as we managed to remove the machine gun with the Nazis, as a severe pallet began in the village. The scene approached the scene, shooting on the go, the German group. We went away with Sergey again.
Missed with monotonous, dreary days. Madly wanted to learn about relatives, comrades. Despite the danger threatened me, I went to Krasnodon. On the way, twice got into the police. At home, a little bit in the ambush. Without making anyone from his comrades in Krasnodone, I said goodbye to my mother and sister and went to Voroshilovgrad, where he was hiding before the liberation of the city of the Red Army.
Valeria Forers.
Volodya, my brother, grew to the shock in the curious boy. To school went seven years old. There he firmly made friends with Seryozhe Levashov, the future active young guidance. After the lessons, they always came to our home together and began to build something in Saraj. And when they studied in the fourth grade, they equipped the club in Saraj: electricity was held there from the apartment, they themselves made a film package (the scheme was taken from the magazine "Knowledge - Power") and for money collected from visitors to his club, bought a film. And then every day showed the kids paintings.
He studied Volodya well. In 1941, he switched to the tenth grade. The war began, and on the first day he stated that he wanted to be on the front. He went to the military registration and enlistment office, but they refused his request: young still. Then Volodya entered the workshop of the track and immediately signed up in a fighter battalion.
With what passion he was engaged in the battalion! I really liked him a military thing. He also led the military circle at school, and now it was seriously, now they were preparing for a fight with the enemy. Volodya read military books, statutes. In the factory work, he also did not lag behind and soon became an electrician.
In the summer of 1942, Volodya fell ill with appendicitis. He was taken into an rally and there at the hospital did an operation. When they brought home, the evacuation of the city began. Volodya fought seams, and he lay in bed. Comrades came to the apartment, they said goodbye to Volodya. He escaped them with tears in his eyes.
On July 20, Germans joined the city. How hard to remember black days of occupation now! The Germans, like Shakals, truncated at home, in the sheds, dragged the bird, cattle. On the very first day they declared to us into the courtyard. Located in the apartment. Lied underwear and began to beat the lice. Gadko was to go home.
Volodya was soon called to work. He was still sick, but went. Returned by evil, upset: in the mechanical workshop, workers were sealed by the German jars with honey and butter for sending to Germany.
Volodya has changed completely. He became thoughtful, undiscretion, immediately somehow matured.
Began to often go to our comrade "Volodya: Vanya Zhunov, Anatoly Orlov. Will go, play chess and leave. The mood at all oppressed.
Once we went with Volodya in Sverdlovka to the grandfather. It was still warm. We follow the steppe, no one can see the circle. We sank with him "sleep dark mounds". Then Volodya says:
- I know where our troops are located.
- Do not deceive.
- Honestly.
- Where?
He began to tell me a summary. I stopped and began to ask him impatiently. Then asked:
- How do you know?
- We will now know everything. Just silent.
He told that they have a radio receiver somewhere. I was very happy. All the way we walked fun. They sang our native Soviet songs. And all twenty-eight kilometers were unnoticed. Returned too with songs. I remember that I remember when Volodya with inspiration was soldered: "Ah, you, the steppe of the birthplace, the steppe invincible! Strong and bold you gave birth to us ..."
... I once came home, and the door on the hook. Pound. A few minutes later the door of Anatoly Orlov. I enter. Volodya is sitting on the chest. On the floor and on the chest is nanite water.
- What did you do? - I ask.
Volodya opened the closet and showed a bottle with a solution and printing.
- While little font, but there will be a lot. Tomorrow the guys will go to the printing house and will also gather. Now it's about the machine. Soon we will start printing.
Volodya did not blame that the machine is not: on that, he and the master.
"We will do the machine," he said.
And began to wear home some parts from the machine, wooden planks.
Volodya appeared new friends. In the evenings, he left somewhere.
November 5, at home did not spend the night. And before that he told me: "Today we will print leaflets for the holiday." Mom worries. I also begin to worry: "What if the police traced and arrested?"
At the dawn of Volodya returned tired, but unusually cheerful.
- Tomorrow, the leaflets will be in Voroshilovgrad. We guide a person. We will also be discussed and scattered through the streets. And the seventh at school will see the flag, - he told me a shopot. - I am mining the circle to reptile, which will close to shoot, ripped into pieces. School is a pity. But I will build a new one.
On November 7, the aunt resorts to us in the morning and shouts:
- Flag at school! Our relatives attached! When I saw the flag, the tears ran from the eyes. Volodya went to work. At eleven o'clock I brought him breakfast. He gladly looked at me and quietly asked:
- Flag hanging?
- No, - I say.
- How? Why didn't the mine exploded? The discontent was expressed on his face.
- So, removed. Well nothing. Now everyone knows about the flag.
In the city of hand in hand, leaflets who have reported the truth about the Red Army, about the heroic defense of Stalingrad.
Often Volodya told how they laughed at German posters and a portrait of Hitler:
- Sit down and, looking at the portrait, sing:
Eh, tell me, tell, tramp,
Whose are you from where are you from?
On January 1, 1943, Volodya turned 18 years old. In the morning I congratulated it on his birthday, made a modest gift. Soon Misha Grigoriev came, and they were gone together. Volodya returned with Tolly Orlov, both upset. Tolya quickly left. I asked what happened. Volodya said that Moshkov was arrested, looking for Savnkhov.
- Will you not be born? - I am alarmed.
Volodya assured that no one will give it, but I myself saw, I was very worried.
Mom asked us to go to Sverdlovka to the grandfather for the products. Volodya took over the head of the workshop, and on January 2, in the morning, we went. Five kilometers walked silently. Volodya was gloomy. I also could not express the word. Then he said:
- Is anyone who issued? Sorry for the guys. I'm again to him:
- And you will not be placed? After all, if you find out, everyone will hang.
- Guys will not give out, I'm sure.
When they came to the grandfather, Volodya lay down on the sofa and lay silently for a long time. All evening and the whole other day he was thoughtful.
January 4, we went home. Volodya was very rushing. Again walked silently. It was hard on the heart.
A day later, two policemen appeared to us.
- Who lives here? They asked them.
I was afraid.
- Osmukhin. And who do you need?
- We need him.
Started search. First of all, they asked if there was a camera and a radio receiver. I gave the camera, but I said, no radio reception. All rummage.
- Is there a weapon?
- No.
"Look like the floor," said one policeman to another.
He climbed around, inspected the floor, but did not find anything suspicious.
On the same day, Volodya was arrested.
All nights, my mom did not sleep, wept. The city said that on Sunday the arrested will hang. I went through the streets like an obsessed. Each pillar, each tree seemed to me gallows. I thought everything: "Who gave out? Who turned out to be a selling soul?"
Painstly stretched days. When we brought the dishes from prison, I looked at it several times. "Her in the hope of finding at least a word from our dear. One note he handed over in the remainder of Kashi, another - in the sleeve of T-shirts. And everything soothed us, asked us to be worried. And His, dear brother, beaten to death, was cast water and beaten again.
Grandfather somehow went to the investigator to learn about the state of the case. The investigator answered:
- Your grandson is a guerrilla. At interrogations behaves defiantly. He says that deliberately walked into the partisans, which despises us, Germans. In short, the loop is preparing your grandson ...
I remember day on January 16. In the morning, as always, I went with the transfer. Police posted a list of 23 arrested, sent allegedly to Voroshilovgrad.
People told that the day before, when the arrested was taken from the courtyard of the prison, they sang "tortured heavy unilies," and when they brought them to Shurfu - they were singing "internationale." As the bandits either beat them with the colors in the face, and every young guidance officer managed to say his last word, say that he dies for the homeland that the victory will be behind the Red Army, that Russian land will be cleaned of German bastards. Not our expensive ...
February 14, 1943, our tankers joined the city. The population poured into the streets. We heard our native speech, they saw native stars. There was never such joy.
On February 15, we went to the building to the building, where the police was placed in Luvashova. Inspected cameras. In one of them, I found a jar from the milk, which we passed by Volodya. On the wall painting: "Osmukhin V. A. took 5.1.43". I could not break away from this inscription for a long time. Heart sank from pain.
Soon they started pulling out the coasters from the shurta. How much tears was shed every mother and sister! The corpses were impossible to know: before that they were worn.
Buried everyone in a brotherly grave, in the park. On their grave daily bring bouquets of flowers Parents, students, Komsomol members, children. Krasnodonians erected the monument with such an inscription:
And the drop of blood is hot
As sparks, flared in the darkness of life
And a lot of bold hearts will lit.
The memory of the young guards will be impaired in our hearts.
L. Osmukhina
Oleg Kosheva read the thoughts of people, correctly determined the character of a person. He could instantly find out what his interlocutor breathes. It was a man of big, noble feelings. Once he told me:
- Nina, we will be partisans. Do you imagine what guerrilla is? The work of the partisan is not easy, but interesting. He will kill one German, the other will kill the hundredth, and a hundred first can kill him; He will perform one, second, tenth job, but this case requires dedication. Partisan never values \u200b\u200bhis personal life. He never puts his life above the life of the Motherland. And if it is required to accomplish the debt to the homeland, to save many lives, he will never regret his life, will never sell and will not give a comrade, "such is our partisans, Nina.
Kashuk, your words I wear in my heart. I convey them today all our youth, which will always be in your heart your noble image.
Member of the underground mining komsomol
Organizations "Young Guard" Nina Ivantsova
September 1943. Mountains Krasnodon, Donbass
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The Krasnodonsky district of the Voroshilovgrad region of the Ukrainian SSR was occupied by the Germans, Romanians and Italians from July 1942 to February 1943. Before the war, about 80,000 miners lived here (20 of them - in the Krasnodone itself) and collective farmers, they could not be evacuated. Dissatisfied with "new order" dragged into the police, tortured, killed. According to the ChGK, 242 people killed, in Germany, born - 3471, were missing - 532. In Krasnodone on September 28, 1942, the Nazis buried alive in the park of 32 miners - for the refusal to work on the occupiers, for participating in fighter detachments and partisan activities. The next day, the underground organization "Young Guard" was created (it included certain groups of resistance and newcomers), so about a hundred young men and girls from 14 to 25 years old decided to take revenge on the occupiers. Their stocks attracted the attention of the Germans, but the reasons for their failure remain mystery so far. According to the Krasnodonsky process, the traitor to the poles of the police, and in January 1943 most of the members of the underground after terrible torture were shot at Shurf, all the wounded and killed were dropped into the mine. |
A lot is written a lot to the struggle and death of the "Young Guard". Little is known about their killers, who were tried on four processes. In questioning, torture and executions of the "Young Guard", about 70 people participated: Germans from the field committee and Soviet traitors from the auxiliary police (their role in the atrocities was the main one). On the hottest trails managed to catch only three involved.
The member of the "Young Guard" was afraid of the arrest and decided to write denunciations - on the advice of his experienced stepfather V. Gromova (the secret German informant under the nickname "Vanyusha"). Their testimony took the senior police investigator M. Kuleshov, he also participated in the interrogations of young guidance with the help of torture (as "Voroshilovgradskaya Pravda" wrote: "With the inherent enemy, I hate to Soviet power, to our people, Kuleshov became especially involved, conducting a consequence of the case" Young Guard. "In his directions," impressive "interrogations of young guards"). In an effort to scold yourself, traitors poured wine at the "Young Guard Commissioner" by V. Tretyakovich, allegedly he could not stand the torture (scolding the eye, etc.) and told everything.
The investigation in the case of traitors lasted five months - full-time stakes, witness testimony. The Krasnodonsky process itself continued for three days, August 15-18, but not all meetings were open. Residents of Krasnodon came as spectators and act as witnesses, appealed, appealed to the court with a request to endure a harsh sentence. The military tribunal of the Troops of the NKVD of the Voroshilovgrad region was judged without the protection part of the process, the materials of the process were not published, local newspapers wrote about it only post-finish and in general terms. Kuleshov shot, Supervisov and Gromov were shot, about 5,000 inhabitants of Krasnodon were present.
Unfortunately, the Commission of the Central Committee of the TSLKSM believed the hinds of traitors and the name of the innocent V. Trekijevich (who even had an eye from torture) from the premium sheets and newspapers, secured this suspicion of A. Fadeev in the "Young Guard" novel, depicting him as a traitor to Stakhovich. The hero was rehabilitated only in 1959.
After the war, 13 executioners were found, including the initiator of execution - the captain of gendarmerie E. Renatus. The Minister of State Security V. Abakumov planned to arrange an open court in Krasnodone from 1 to 10 December 1947, on the wave of other processes. For this, he sent a memorandum of N 3428 / A I. Stalin on November 18, 1947, V. Molotov and the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPP (b) A. Kuznetsov. Their reaction is unknown, but the process took place in a closed form. The sentence of the murdes was softer than traitors: from 15 to 25 years of camps (after the death of Stalin, German war criminals were sent home). All materials were secret, even for relatives of the dead young guards.
Other executioners skillfully masked. Policeman V. Podtodnaya fled from Krasnodon with Wehrmacht, corrected passport data, got into the Red Army, had a fighting and awards. After the war, he returned to Donbass, started a family, became chairman of the village council and a member of the CPSU. In 1959, the countryman found out the right-hand arrest. A year later, he was openly tried in Lugansk and sentenced to the death penalty.
Policeman I. Melnikov personally scolded the eyes of the young guidance. He also faked documents, fought in the Red Army, received the medal "for the courage." Then he was hiding in the collective farm of the Odessa region. Found, convicted in the open process in Krasnodone December 14-16, 1965, shot in 1966.
Some executioners were not found. For example, the police chief V. Solikovsky hid in Austria and Germany, lived until 1967 in New York, then moved to the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre, where he died in the 1970s.
Only a small part of the judicial materials 1943-1965. was published. Perhaps, therefore, the story of the "Young Guard" still causes controversy. In Ukraine, it comes to the incredible - since the 1990s there is a version that the "young guard" was the "National-Communist" Cell of the OUN, hated Hitler and Stalin! Member of OUN E. Stakhiv called himself in an interview and books by Stakhovice from the "Young Guard" A. Fadeev. All this is directly contrary to the facts.
Indications about torture
Source: Glazunov G. It was in Krasnodone / inevitable retribution. M.: Milivdat, 1979 .
<…> Alexander Vasilyevna Tyulenina told in court, as they mocked the police over her:
- Two days after my arrest on the orders of Zakharov, policemen divided me and put on the floor face down. Steel beat with drops. Beyond for a long time. At this time, someone said: "Come here, now he will tell everything." In the room introduced my son Sergey. His face was in bruising. I interviewed the partisans and weapons. I replied that I don't know anything about the partisans, but there was no weapon in our house. After such an answer, they began to syntify the Son. One of the gendarmes laid the fingers of Sergey's hands into a jamb of the door and began to close it. Through a firearm wound on his son's hand, a hot rod did. Under the nails pound needles. Then hung it on the ropes. They beat back, after which they poured water ... I repeatedly lost consciousness.
According to Mary Andreevna Bortz, on January 1, 1943, the gendarmes were stuck in their apartment, and the policeman Zakharov demanded that Maria Andreevna told, where her daughter Valya is hidden, with whom she left. Having received a negative answer, he turned from anger. Its small, fast running eyes flooded with blood. Zakharov snatched Nagan, brought closer to the face of a woman and, pushing her with his foot, shouted: "Shoot, bastard!" After searching for the apartment, Maria Andreevna was taken to the police as a hostage, searched, filled out the questionnaire. Then they led to the interrogation to Solikovsky. In front of him on the table lay a set of weaves: thick, thin, wide, with lead tips. The sofa stood dismantled to the unrecognizable Vanya Zhunov, with inflamed red eyes and bruises on the face. His clothes were in the blood. On the floor near him, the puddles of blood were blushing. Because of the table, Solikovsky - a man of high height, strong physique, rose sluggish. Black dad is thrown on the forehead. The voice is domineering, loud. He asked: "Where is the daughter?" Bortz replied that he knew nothing. Then he shouted: "And you don't know anything about grenades and mail?" - And with terrible strength he began to beat her in the face. Standing immediately Davidenko jumped to Maria Andreevna and also began to beat her. I barely kept on my feet, she was thrown into the camera, which was placed opposite the Solikovsky office. With the fading of the heart, she listened to the screams and moans, terrible swear and clang of iron. Police ran down the corridor. Tesked for questioning one sacrifice for another. So it lasted until the morning.
- Which of the young guidance did you have in the chamber? - asked Chairman Maria Andreevna.
She replied that he was with any Shevtsova, Ulyana Gromlower, Bondareva, Tona Ivanihina (Sister of Lily Ivanihina), Nina Minareva, Claudia Kovaleva and Trey Mashchenko. Girls in the police were repeatedly tortured, with interrogations, they brought semi-in. They caused not only physical suffering. Ulyana Gromova said that it was easier to transfer physical pain than the humiliation to which executioners were subjected. Girls undressed devils, mood over them. There was sometimes a wife of Solikovsky, which was usually sitting on the sofa and flooded with a laugh.
Letter of Young Guard Parents in Military Tribunal
Source: Journal "Socialist Law", No. 3, 1959, P. 60. CIET. By: Young Guard. Documents, memories / Sost. V.N. Borovikova, I.I. Grigorenko, V.I. Potapov. Donetsk: Publisher "Donbass", 1969.
August 1943.
Comrades Judge of the Military Tribunal!
You are currently dealing with the judicial consequences of crimes committed by a bunch of traitors of our Motherland.
We, the parents of our children who died from the hands of the fascist executioners and their accomplices, which are sitting at the dock at the dock, cannot listen to without shudder, when these fascist bastards tell you how they killed our children with a cold-blooded hand who gave their lives For our homeland, for liberation from fascist Hordes. These fascist mercenaries did not leave the hands of Soviet justice.
We, the parents of the victims of our children, we join our voice to the damned executioners and ask the Tribunal to bring a harsh sentence to these bastards and the death penalty in the square, to see the entire people of Krasnodon, that these rags were deserved.
And those fascist twigs who were attached somewhere, let them see what the payroll is waiting for those who betray our Soviet homeland and its people.
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| Source: Koshevaya E. Tale of the Son. M, 1947. |
Article in the regional newspaper about the process
Source: Newspaper "Voroshilovgradskaya Pravda", No. 136 (8275), August 29, 1943. CIT. By: Young Guard. Documents, memories / Sost. V.N. Borovikova, I.I. Grigorenko, V.I. Potapov. Donetsk: Publisher "Donbass", 1969.
Court of people
Krasnodon. The other day, the trial of the Motherland, Sad Judas, who made many members of the underground Komsomol Youth Organization "Young Guard" ended. Members of the organization "Young Guard", about the work of which repeatedly wrote "Voroshilovgradskaya Pravda", was conducted during the occupation of the region a tireless struggle against the German-fascist invaders and their accomplices. Young patriots wrote and distributed leaflets that have exposed false fascist propaganda, took reports of the Soviet informbure about hostilities at the fronts of the Patriotic War and carried the Bolshevik truth to the people, temporarily approaching the yoke of Hitler's thugs. The detachments of the "Young Guard" physically destroyed the soldiers and officers of the German army and their accomplices - traitors of the Motherland.
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Temporary Komsomol ticket issued by a member of the underground organization "Young Guard" |
On September 13, 1943, the honorary title of the heroes of the Soviet Union was posthumously assigned to young defenders of the Motherland, members of the underground organization "Young guard"which launched its activities in the head of the city of Krasnodone occupied. Later, after the war, their names will be called streets, organizations, boats, they will write many books, they will remove films.
They were not fulfilled on 20 years old, the youngest of them - Oleg Koshevoy - was only 16, When they began their struggle with the German conquerors of their native city. In the fall of 1942, the children of miners united in the Komsomol underground organization, which was called "Young Guard".
Written during the occupation, the poem Oleg Koshevoy can be called his personal manifesto:
It's hard for me! .. Where no look
Everywhere I see Hitler's rubbish,
Everywhere hated form previe,
Essessian icon with a dead head.
I decided to live so impossible!
Look at flour and suffer yourself.
It is necessary soon, it's not too late
In the rear of the enemy to destroy.
I decided so and this I will fulfill!
All my life I will give my homeland my
For our people, for our expensive
Beautiful Soviet country.
Heroes of the Young Guard
Today, the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union of the SSR on the assignment of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the awarding the orders of the members of the Komsomol organization "Young Guard", which operated during the German occupation on the territory of the Voroshilovgrad region. Children of miners - members of the underground organization "Young Guard" - showed themselves by the selfless patriots of the Fatherland, forever soving their names in the history of the sacred struggle of the Soviet people against the German-fascist invaders.
Neither the cruel terror, nor inhuman torture could stop young patriots in their desire to fight with all their might struggle for the liberation of the birthplace from the yoke of hated aliens. They decided to fulfill their duty to the end of the grace. In the name of the performance of his debt, most of them died by the death of heroes.
In the dark autumn nights of 1942, the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" was created. He headed her 16-year-old young man Oleg Koshevoy. His immediate assistants in the organization of the underground struggle against the Germans were 17-year-old Sergey Tyulenyn, 19-year-old Ivan Zharovkhov, 18-year-old Ulyana Gromova and 18-year-old love Shevtsov. They combined around themselves the best representatives of mining young people. Acting boldly, courageously, helica, members of the "Young Guard" soon became a thunderstorm of the Germans. Leaflets and slogans appeared at the doors of the German Comfusion. On the anniversary of the October Revolution in the city of Krasnodone on the Building of the Voroshilov School, at the highest tree of the park, the Red Flags made from the Nazi Banner kidnapped from the German Club were raised on the hospital building. Several dozen German soldiers and officers destroyed members of the underground organization headed by Oleg Koshev. Their efforts were organized by the escape of Soviet prisoners of war. When the Germans tried to send the city's youth to forced work to Germany, Oleg Koshevoy and his comrades set fire to the building of the labor exchange and those who were the event of the Germans. Each of these features demanded vast courage, resistance, excerpts, coolness. However, the glorious representatives of the Soviet youth found enough forces in order to skillfully and prolonged to withstand the enemy and apply it cruel-clear blows.
When the Germans managed to reveal the underground organization and arrest its participants, Oleg Kosheva and his comrades suffered inhuman torture, but did not surrender, not smallestly, and with the great fearlessness of true patriots took a martyrdom. They fought and fought as heroes, and heroes went to the grave!
Before joining the members of the underground organization "Young Guard", each of the young people gave a sacred oath: "I swear to revenge mercilessly for the burned and ruined cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of 30 miners. And if my life takes my life for this revenge, I will give it without a minute of oscillations. If I break this sacred oath under torture or because of cowardice, then let my name, my relatives will be cursed forever, and I myself shake the harsh hand of my comrades. Blood for blood, death for death! ".
Oleg Kosheysov and his friends fulfilled to the end. They died, but their names will shine in the eternal glory. The youth of our country will learn from them the great and noble art of the struggle for the holy ideals of freedom, for the happiness of fragile. The youth of all countries enslaved by the German invaders will find out about their immortal feat, and this will give her new forces to accomplish the feats in the name of liberation from the oppression.
The people, coding such sons and daughters, like Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Zhunovkhov, Sergey Tyulenin, Lyubov Shevtsov and Ulyana Gromova, - invincible. All the power of our people affected these young people who have absorbed the heroic traditions of their homeland and did not disappear native land in the godin of heavy tests. Glory to them!
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree Elena Nikolaevna Koshelevna - Mother Oleg Koshevoy. She brought up the hero, she blessed him to the accomplishment of high and noble feet - glory to her!
The Germans of the unseassed guests were on our land, but faced here with the great people, filled with unshakable courage and readiness with irreparable rage and anger to defend the Fatherland. Young Oleg Kosheva is a bright symbol of patriotism of our people.
The blood of the heroes of the spill is no wonder. They contributed their share in the overall great cause of the defeat of the German-fascist occupiers. The Red Army drives Germans to the West, frees Ukraine from them.
Sleep quietly, Oleg Koshevoy! The case of victory for which you fought and your comrades, we will bring to the end. We denote enemy corpses the road of our victory. For your martyrdom, we will avenge our wrath in full measure. And eternally will shine the sun over our homeland and our people will live in glory and the greatest, being an example of courage, courage, valor and devotion to debt!
For those six months that the organization, boys and girls had existed to make a lot in the fight against the Nazis. The Komsomol members were able to assemble a primitive printing house, where not only leaflets and small posters were printed, as well as temporary Komsomol tickets.
The occupiers felt in a busy city like a powder barrel. Soviet leaflets appeared on the walls of the houses and the doors of the German office again and again.
The guys received information for leaflets, listening to the houses at Oleg Koshevoy lamp radio, which due to the lack of electricity connected to a special device. The latter news briefly recorded, and then made leaflets that weekly informed the population about events at the front, in the Soviet rear and in the world, reports to Sovinformbühro. Even rumors were used to disseminate information.
Other sources were used as leaflets. So, one day at night Lyuba Shevtsova snuck into the post office and, destroying the letters of German soldiers and officers, abducted a few letters of the former residents of Krasnodon, who were in Germany. The letters that have not yet passed the censorship were distributed in the city as leaflets telling about the horrors of German cautious. As a result, the recruitment of those who wanted to go to Germany, was rapid to the Hitler's authorities.
Before organizing the printing house, leaflets were written from hand and distributed by all participants in the youth underground. The city was conditionally divided into areas that were confined for specific members of the organization. At the unlawful ruler of the leaflets were posted in places where they would have read as many people as possible: bazaar, water supply, manual mill. Overlook the guys usually went on two - a guy and a girl, so as not to cause a suspicion. Sometimes they were going to groups and, depicting the fun young people, scattered leaflets. And Oleg Kosheva, tied a white bandage on the sleeve (distinguishing sign of policemen), at night westing leaflets in the park.
Also, thanks to the underfloor in the city, there are also loaded cars, the German soldiers disappeared automata, pistols and cartridges.
Do not forget the young guidance and about the arrested communists. The money of the financial fund formed from the Komsomolsk membership fees was acquired and secretly shipped to the Gestapian bunches of products.
The young guards liberated more than 90 of our fighters and commanders from the concentration camp and organized the escape of twenty prisoners of war from the Permitsa Hospital. Also about 2,000 people were saved after komsomol members set fire to the building of labor exchangewhere the lists of citizens intended for sending to Germany were stored.
Along with the subversive activities, the Komsomol members were preparing for the celebration of the next anniversary of the October Revolution: from painted white pillows, red flags were sewn and even from the German banner. On the night of November 7, when a strong wind blew and it was raining, forced the police patrols, the young guards were able to freely attach flags with ropes to the pipes on all buildings. Lyuba Shevtsov and Tosya Mashchenko attached to the overlapping, disassembled tile, and Alexander Shishchenko, who was able to hang the flags at the hospital and at the highest trees of the park.
Hitro-placed in the aim of catching underground workers German traps remained empty. Police found proclamations in their own pockets. Then the police themselves were hanging over in abandoned shaft gallers.
The organization was preparing for a decisive armed attack.
Despite the agevard network organized by the young guidance, the Germans still managed to reveal the undergrounders. Arrest began. Only a little managed to get to the parts of the Red Army. The rest of the occupation authorities were put in prison. Inhuman torture had to experience young guards in the last days of life. Those of those who did not die after the torture, the Germans dropped alive in the crown of an abandoned mine.
The investigator of the district police M.E. Kuleshov, who arrested after the liberation of Donbass, who led the "Young Guard", was told at the interrogations that the eyes of the torture were arrested by the young guards, their chests were cut out, the genitals were cut off, they were beaten with a leaf.
From the memories of Faith Alexandrovna Ivanihina, sisters Lily and Tony Ivanikhina: |
"In December 1942, Seryozha's sealers, Valya Bortz, Vitya, Moshkov Zhenya, Women Oleg, Wiznikhov Vanya and still guys made everything from the German car, which stood" ... Tortured scared - put on the furnaces, drove under the nails Needles, cut out on the skin of the star. And in the end, they were executed - they threw alive in the mine number 5. For them in the mine flew dynamite, sleepers, trolleys. My older sister Nina, Medic on education, subsequently processed the body of the sisters and saw with his own eyes that there were no sharply, but only hair remained alive. Relatives recognized the heroes only for special signs and clothing. All this was terribly. " |
Brave undergrounders
In the city of Krasnodon Voroshilovgrad region, the Germans felt exactly on the volcano. Around everything buurled. On the walls of the houses, the Soviet leaflets appeared on the roofs, the red flags were swayed on the roofs. Loaded cars disappeared, as if the powder lights the breads of bread. Soldiers and officers disappeared automata, revolvers, cartridges.
Someone acted very boldly, cleverly and deftly. The cunning german traps remained empty. German rage did not have the end. They trampled in vain along the alleys, houses, attic. And the warehouses with grain light up again. The police found proclamations in their own pockets. Then the police themselves found those who were abandoned by the mines.
On the night of December 5, the building of labor exchange broke out. The fires killed the lists of persons to be sent to Germany. Thousands of inhabitants, with the horror of those who were waiting for a black day, when they were lucky in the unfortunate, they took the spirit. The fire hurt the invaders. Special agents were caused from Voroshilovgrad. But the traces mysteriously lost in the curved streets of the miner's town. In which house there are those who set fire to the labor exchange? Under each roof there lived hatred. Special agents spent a lot of effort, but also left for nothing.
The underground Komsomol organization operated everything wider and bolder. The audacity has become a habit. The experience of conspiracy accumulated, the fighting skills became a profession.
A very little time has passed since the memorable September day, when the first organizational meeting was held in the house number 6 on the garden street in the apartment of Oleg Koshevoy. There were thirty-young people familiar with each other in school years, to work together in Komsomolskaya, to combat the Germans. The organization decided to call the "Young Guard". The headquarters entered: Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Zhunovkhov, Sergey Tyulenin, Lyubov Shevtsova, Ulyana Gromova, and others. Oleg was appointed Commissioner and elected secretary of the Komsomol organization.
There was no experience of underground work, there was no knowledge, there was only indestructible, burning hatred for invaders and passionate love for the Motherland. Despite the danger that threatened to the Komsomolets, the organization grew quickly. In the "Young Guard" entered over a hundred people. Everyone gave an oath to loyalty to the general case, the text of which was written by Vanya Zhunov and Oleg Kosheva.
Started from leaflets. The Germans began at this time to recruit those who wish to go to Germany. On telegraph pillars, the fears appeared leaflets, exposing the horrors of fascist cortic. The recruitment fell. Germany agreed to go only three people.
Oleg has installed a primitive radio and listened to the "Recent News". A short record of the latest news was multiplied in the form of leaflets.
With the expansion of the underground organization of its "fives", created for conspiracy, appeared in nearby settlements. There were published their leaflets. Now the undergrounders have had four radio receivers.
Komsomol members created their primitive typography. Literas they collected a district newspaper building. Frame for selecting fonts made themselves. In the printing house, not only flyers were printed. There were also temporary Komsomol tickets, which it was written: "Valid at the time of the Patriotic War." Komsomol tickets were issued to newly adopted members of the organization.
The Komsomol organization broke literally all the events of the occupying authorities. The Germans did not succeed in the first, the so-called "voluntary" recruitment, nor the second when they wanted to take all the residents of Krasnodon to Germany to pass into Germany.
As soon as the Germans began to prepare for exporting to Germany, the underground workers on the task of the headquarters organized arsons of bread skyrov, warehouses, and part of the grain were infected with a tick.
The Germans were requisitioned by the surrounding population of cattle and drove him with a large gurth 500 goals in their rear. Komsomol members attacked the guard, killed her, and cattle was cooked in the steppe.
So every undertaking of the Germans broke off someone invisible, powerful hand.
The oldest among the members of the headquarters was Ivan Zharovkhov. He was nineteen years old. The youngest was the Commissioner. Oleg Kosheva was born in 1926. But the same, and the other acted like mature, and highly different people, hardened in conspiracy work.
Oleg Kosheva was the brain of the whole organization. He acted wisely and leisurely. True, sometimes youthful trick took the top, and then he participated, despite the prohibition of the headquarters, in the most risky and bold operations. That with a box of matches in his pocket, he is undergoing huge skirds under the very nose of police officers, then, putting the bandage of a policeman or using the darkness of the night, sticks leaflets on the buildings of gendarmerie and police.
But these are such not essential. Nading a bandage of a policeman and go to the street at night, Oleg knew the password. In the farms and villages of the district, Oleg asked his agents. Which performed only his personal instructions. He received regular information about everything that was done in the area. Moreover, Oleg had their own people and in the police. There, two members of the organization worked as police.
Thus, the plans and plans of the police authorities became famous for the famous headquarters, and the underground workers could quickly take their countermeasures.
Oleg created the monetary fund of the organization. It was drawn up on monthly 15-ruble membership fees. In addition, in the event that members of the organization paid one-time contributions. This money was provided with help in need of families of fighters and commanders of the Red Army. These funds purchased products for sending parcels to Soviet people, languishing in a German prison. Products were also transmitted to the prisoners of war on the concentration camp.
Each operation, whether an attack on the car, when the young guards destroyed three German officers, or the shoot of twenty prisoners of war from May Day hospital, headquarters under the leadership of Oleg Koshevoy developed in all details and details.
Sergey Tylenyn conducted all dangerous combat operations. He performed the most risky tasks and walked out fearless militants. He personally destroyed ten fascists. It was he fought the building of Labor Exchange, he highway the red flags, headed the group of children who had attacked the guard of herd, which the Germans were hijacked in Germany. The "Young Guard" was preparing for an open armed offensive, and Sergey Tyulenin headed a group of weapons and ammunition. For three months, they were collected on the former battlefields and kidnapped the Germans and Romanians 15 automata, 80 rifles, 300 grenades, more than 15 thousand cartridges, pistols, explosives.
On the instructions, Lyuba Shevtsov's headquarters went to Voroshilovgrad to establish a connection with underground workers. She was there several times. At the same time, she showed exceptional resourcefulness and courage. The German officers, Oan talked about the fact that she was a daughter of a large industrialist. Lyuba kidnapped important documents, mined secret information.
One night, on the instructions, the staff of Lyuba passed through the post office, destroyed all the letters of German soldiers and officers and kidnap several letters of the former residents of Krasnodon, who were at work in Germany. These letters that have not yet passed censorship, on the second day were distributed in the city as leaflets.
In the hands of Ivan Savnkhov, appears were concentrated, passwords, direct relationship with agents. Thanks to the artificial methods of conspiracy of Komsomol residents, the Germans could not attack the organization for more than five months.
Ulyana Gromova participated in the development of all operations. She arranged to work in all sorts of German institutions of her girls. Through them, she carried out numerous sabotage.
She also organized assistance to the families of the Red Army and tortured miners, the transfer of parcels to prison, the shoots of Soviet prisoners of war. The young guards were released from the concentration camp more than 90 of our fighters and commanders.
Hitlerians managed to attack the trail of the organization. In the dungeons of the gestapo of boys and girls tortured the most brutal ways. The executioners repeatedly picked the loop on the neck of Lyuba Shevtsova and suspended it to the ceiling. She was bilted before the loss of consciousness. But the brutal torture of the executioners did not break the will of the young patriot. Having achieved anything, the city police sent it to the county department of the gendarmerie. There they were tortured with more sophisticated methods: they drove the needles under the nails, the star was cut out on his back, burned with Kalenny gland.
In the same terrible torture, the Germans and other young patriots were subjected to inhuman torment. But not a single word of confession was pulled out of the mouth of the Komsomol residents. Extracted, bloody, bold Komsomol residents, the Germans dropped into the trunk of an old mine.
Immorted a feat of young guards! Their fearless and irreconcilable struggle with the German occupiers, their legendary courage will shine in the eyelids as a symbol of love for Mother Motherland!
A. Erivans
Glory to the Sons of the Komsomol!
You see, Comrade, - the cases of Krasnodonians
Slightly illuminated fame rays.
In deep dotches Soviet sun
Behind their young stood shoulders.
For the happiness of the Donbass they endured
and hunger, and torture, and stepped, and flour,
And the sentence of the Germans they endured
And lowered the harsh hand.
Neither grinding torture nor the cunning of the cheek
Broken the Komsomol members did not manage the enemies!
In the darkness there was an immortal spark,
And the explosions again thundered in the Donbass.
And with life fearlessly they parted,
They died with simple words,
In the deep underground they remained
Captured city owners.
Nobody saw their fire and overnight
In the gloomy dotters of the German rear,
But the feat of the Ulyana, the heroism of Oleg
I saw my homeland and illuminated.
You see, comrade, - the cases of Krasnodonians,
They will never forget us
immortal glory as the eternal sun,
Ssesses, shining, above their names.
Semen Kirsanov
So the heroes die
"Young Guard" was preparing to exercise his cherished dream - a decisive armed attack on the Krasnodonian garrison of the Germans.
Petached betrayal interrupted the combat activities of young people.
As soon as the arrests of young guidance began, the headquarters gave an order - all members of the "Young Guard" leave and wade through the units of the Red Army. But, unfortunately, it was too late. Only 7 people managed to leave and stay alive - Ivan Turkevich, George Harutyunyu, Valeria Forers, Radia Yurkin, Ole Ivantsova, Nina Ivazova and Mikhail Shchenko. The remaining members of the "Young Guard" were captured by the Nazis and were imprisoned.
Young undergrounders were terrible torture, but none of them retreat from their oath. German executioners reached rabies, 3, 3 hours in a row were beaten and tormented by young guards. But the executioners could not break the spirit and the iron will of young patriots.
Sergey Tyulenina Gestapovtsy several times a day was beaten with flies made of electrical wires, broke their fingers, rumbled into the wound hot rack. When it did not help, the executioners led the mother - a 58-year-old old woman. In the eyes of Sergey, she was divided and began to syntitize.
The executioners demanded that he spoke about his connections in Kamensk and Ivarino. Sergey was silent. Then the gestapovtsy in the presence of the mother three times suspended Sergei in the loop to the ceiling, and then a hot needle of an eye.
The young guards knew the time of execution. In his last hour, they were also strong in spirit. Member of the headquarters of the "Young Guard" Ulyana Gromova handed over to All Cameras by the alphabet:
- The last order of the headquarters ... the last order ... We will behave to execute. We will be told through the streets of the city. We will sing your favorite song Ilyich ...
The exhausted, disadvantaged from prison in their last path the young heroes. Ulyana Gromova walked with a star cut on his back. Shura Bondarev - with sliced \u200b\u200bbreasts. Volodya Osmukhina has been cut off the brush of the right hand.
The young guards went to the last way with highly raised heads. Solemnly and sadly passed their song:
"Tortured severe unilles,
You soil soil nice
In the struggle for the work
You honestly folded the head ... "
The executioners threw them alive in the fifty-meter shurta mines.
In February 1943, our troops entered Krasnodon. Red flag swayed over the city. And looking like he is set in the wind, the inhabitants remembered the young guards again. Hundreds of people headed for the prison building. They saw in the chambers bloody clothes, traces of unheard of torture. The walls were made by inscriptions. Over one of their walls carved the heart pierced by an arrow. In the heart - four surnames: "Shura Bondarev, Nina Minaeva, Ulya Gromova, Angela Samlena". And over all inscriptions in full width of the bloody wall inscription: "Death by German invaders!"
So lived, fought and died for their fatherland, the nice pupils of the Komsomol, the young hero, whose feat will survive the century.
"Long live our liberator - the Red Army!"
One of the leaflets of the "Young Guard"
"Read and pass the comrade.
Comrades Krasnodontsy!
The long-awaited hour of our liberation from the Yarma of Hitler's gangsters is approaching. The troops of the south-western front line defense is broken. Our parts on November 25, taking the capital Morozovskaya, advanced 45 kilometers ahead.
The movement of our troops to the West is rapidly continuing. Germans in panic run, throwing weapons! The enemy, retreating, robs the population, taking food and clothing.
Comrades! Hand all that you can, in order not to get it with Hitler's robbers. Sabotize the orders of the German command, do not succumb to German agitation.
Death to German invaders!
Long live our liberator - Red Army!
Long live free Soviet Motherland!
"Young guard".
For 6 months, the "Young Guard" only in one Krasnodone released more than 30 leaflets, over 5000 copies.
After the liberation, the inhabitants of the city retained the memory of brave young men and girls who fought with the German regime, and the domestic press made their feat known to all Soviet citizens. Sergey Tyulenin, Oleg Kosheva, Ivan Zhunov, Lyubov Shevtsova, Ulyana Gromovabecame symbols of youth patriotism.
Komsomol members Krasnodon
Not! Our youth does not kill
And do not put on your knees!
She lives and live
So, as the great Lenin taught.
For the honor, for the truth, for the people,
Which is all honest in the world
She will go to the scaffold,
Any torture proudly will meet.
And even death will not win
Her daring living, -
Over the world brightly blobs
Star Oleg Koshevoy.
And it will be pure beauty
On the feat name from the best best
For the case of the Motherland saint.
For what Stalin teaches us.
Not! Torture you do not quit in a shiver!
Immortal scarlet banners
Where there are such young people
Like Komsomol members of Krasnodon!
Krasnodonian underground
Historical reference
It was 1941. Parts of the Red Army, conducting stubborn battles with superior enemy forces, retired east. With the approach of the front line to the Donbass, the Voroshilovgrad region of the Party at the direction of the Central Committee of the CP of Ukraine began to create a Bolshevik underground. Already by October 1, 1941, 24 Underground District and Gorkom of the Party, which united 735 communists were created in the region.
By mid-July 1942, that is, at the time of the occupation of the region, 565 people were left for underground work for underground work and to participate in the partisan movement - 661 people. Most of them had the experience of underground work since foreign intervention and civil war.
In May - June 1942, the secretary of the Central Committee of the CP of Ukraine D. S. Korutochko several times came several times. He met with underground communists, talked to them for a long time.
The head of the Krasnodon's underground party organization was appointed a communist of Leninsky call, Member of the WCP (b) since 1924 Philipp Petrovich Lutikov, who worked as the head of the central electromechanical workshops in the prevailed years, and then Deputy Head of Mine No. 22. Philip Petrovich enjoyed deserved authority among miners as a sensitive comrade and talented organizer.
With the approach of the front, the Krasnodon Communists began to go underground. There were values, passwords were installed, food and medicine bases were created. The underground party organization was assigned an armed partisan detachment formed from fighter battalion fighters. Basic
He was based in the village of Ivarino, as well as in the beams and armor on the bank of the River Seversky Donets.
The city of Krasnodon was occupied by Hitler's invaders on July 20, 1942. From the first days of the occupation of the fascists began to enter in the city "New Order". Brutal crucifiers and violence over civilians, hijacking youth for hard work, robbery, executions for the slightest disobedience. Life has become unbearable.
At the very beginning of his horseship, the invaders attacked the footprint of the partisan detachment. At the end of July, they shot eight patriots, among them the commander of the detachment of P. D. Salfeitikov, Commissioner T. N. Saransch. On the central square of the village of Ivanino, the Yakov brothers and Mikhail Bekmayev were hanged. The fascist shy was partisans M. B. Polyakov, A. V. Akhmetov, I. G. Parkhomenko, Shi-Ta-Fu and Senior Daughter T. N. Saranschi - Eugene.
In extremely difficult conditions had to work with Krasnodonian undergrounders. The center of the party underground and the main base of their activities they elected the electromechanical workshops of the Nazi Direction No. 10. At risk, F. P. Lutikov appeared to the Direction and declared his desire to work in a mechanical workshop mechanic.
According to his recommendation, he was hired by the head of the workshops and a communist underground engineer, the mechanic engineer Nikolai Petrovich Barakov, who fulfilled the task of the State Defense Committee for the Disability of Mine and Shaft Equipment.
Taking advantage of the official position, they arranged to work in the workshops of the comrades on the underground N. Rumyantsev and N. Telueva carpenters, Solovyov - Kuznets, D. Exhibitions and A. Yelshina - hammers. Komsomol members Vladimir Osmukhin, Anatoly Orlov, Yuri Vitrensky and Anatoly Nikolaev were also hired.
The first thing that the Bolshevik underground organization was engaged is political agitation among the population, the association of Soviet patriots and especially young people in underground groups for active combat activities against the invaders. On one of the outskirts of the city, the young people headed Sergey Tyulenin, on the streets of Sadovaya and Pioneer - Oleg Koshevoy, on banking, Ivan Zharovkhov, in the village of Pervomayka - Ulyana Gromova, Anatoly Popov, Maya Peggivanova, in the village of Krasnodon - Nikolai Sumskaya, Vladimir Zhdanov and Antonina Eliseenko , in the village of Novo-Alexandrovka - Klava Kovaleva and in the village of Shevyrevka - Stepan Safonov. The rewriting and distribution of leaflets were engaged in Komsomol members of Oleg Koshevoy, Sergey Tyulenyn, Ivan Zhonnukhov, Valery Forers and others.
Strictly observing the conspiracy, the Bolsheviks-undergrounders armed the Komsomol members and young people, preparing them for combat operations against the Hitler's invaders. Soviet patriots on their instructions were collected for this purpose weapons and medicines in the places of recent fighting.
Over time, the young communist Evgeny Moshkov - the Arrower of Aviation, which was shot down over the occupied territory, became active underground workers. Commander of the fire suspension of anti-aircraft artillery Lieutenant Ivan Turkeenich, Sailors Dmitry Oguksov, Nikolai Zhukov, Vasily Tkachev, Artillerist Vasily Tshukov, Cavalist Evgeny Shepelev, Nurse Antonina Ivanikhina, graduates of the school demolitions Sergey and Vasily Levashov, Vladimir Zagorukhiko, Lyubov Shevtsova, Translator Boris Grevan . Every day, the Nazis were increasingly felt growing. The resistance of the population. Police, Gestapo Agents and especially their whirlwinds - Motherland's traitors Head of the Orlov Police, Chief Engineer Andreev and others - understood that the overwhelming majority of communists and Komsomol members who could not be evacuated are if not organized by Rami, then the reserve of anti-fascist resistance in Krasnodone. And they did everything to (destroy these people.
Thus were arrested by the head of the mine A. A. Valko, Patorg - Mine N12 S. K. Beschny, Parkorg Shakhty No. 5 S. S. Keepov, Chairman of Rapipotremusyuz V. P. Petrov, Head of the Radio Knot Dmitroshkovsky, People's Investigator P. M . Mironov, Head of the mine section No. 12 Peter Zimin, Chairman of the collective farm I. E. Shevyrev, Head of the Military Department of the G. T. Vinokurov and others. After interrogations and brutal torture on the night of September 29, 1942, they along with other Soviet patriots were alive in the city park of culture and recreation.
The news of the brutal violence quickly spread around the city, passed from the house to the house, was passed from the mouth to mouth. Hearts boiled up anger, hands stretched to arms. Especially acutely reagging by young people. Revenge, mercilessly revenge the enemy! - This was the unanimous aspiration of young patriots.
The day after the death of Miner Communists on the instructions of F. P. Lutikova and N. P. Baranova, the Communcher-Underground Evgeny Moshkov held the first organizational meeting of the heads of the underground Komsomol groups of the city and towns. At this meeting, the headquarters of the youth organization was created. At the suggestion of Sergey Tulenina, the underground organization was named "Young Guard". The headquarters entered: Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Turkeenich, Ivan Zhonnukhov, Sergey Tyulenyn, Viktor Trejkhevich, Vasily Levashov. Later, Shevtsov's love and Ulyana Gromova were introduced into the headquarters.
The commander was approved by Ivan Turkenanyic, who had commanded a platoon at the front for almost a year, Commissioner - Oleg Koshevoy.
The organizational structure of the "Young Guard" was designed for a long struggle with a cunning and dangerous enemy. In the example of the party underground, the whole organization was divided into separate groups whose personal composition was selected according to the territorial principle, taking into account the friendly relations between the members of each group.
All combat activities of the "Young Guard" took place under the direct leadership of the party organization. Every day all new and new patriots entered the struggle. In October-December, the Krasnodonian underground organization numbered 92 people, among them - 20 communists. In the harsh days of the fascist terror 22 Krasnodonz joined the ranks of the Leninsky Komsomol. Commissioner of the "Young Guard" Oleg Koshevy joining issued "temporary Komsomol certificates" printed in the underground printing house, he also made marks on the payment of membership fees.
On the days of the fascist occupation with a special force, the organizational talent of F. P. Lutikov and his associates - Communists manifested. They skillfully directed a large team of underfronts on bold and bold combat operations.
When in Krasnodone, it became known that the nicknames under the weapons force the collective farmers to thread the bread collected in the skird and export it to Germany, the headquarters of the "Young Guard" gave an indication of destroying the skirds of the dark october nights went to the steppe fighting units. And soon then in one, in another place the low autumn clouds reflected the glow of fius.
By the end of October, instead of bread across the fields of the Krasnodon and Novosvell region, heaps of gray ash were lying.
Fascist propaganda has developed mad activities at the captured territory. In leaflets and on the radio, in the dirty pro-fascist gastence "New Life" they painted the "success" of the Hitler's troops, called the "complete defeat" of the Red Army. To tell Krasnodonians the truth about the position on the fronts and expose the fascist propaganda, the headquarters gave a job to mount the radio receivers. Most often, the young guards enjoyed the radio, which was located on the apartment of the cat.
Soon in the city and towns there were first leaflets with reports of Sovinformbühro, which passed Moscow for partisans and underground workers. These messages in hundreds of copies corresponded to the hands and distributed among the population. People have expected them every time with the excitement: reports instilled hope and confidence in the near delight from Hitler's tyranny.
Rewriting leaflets from hand required a lot of time. To work it was necessary to attract dozens of young guards. At the proposal of Oleg Koshevoy Staff decided to create his underground printing house. Young Guards on Bukovka collected fonts in the ruins of the printing house of the district newspaper. And on the night of November 7, 1942, in the house of Jora Aruutyuny, I. Zhrukhov, V. Osmukhin, A. Orlov, V. Levashov and V. Treijevich produced the first printed leaflets. In total, during the occupation in Krasnodone, 30 the names of the leaflets were issued with a total circulation of up to 5000 copies.
The occupiers felt the acute shortage of coal necessary for railway transport. The leadership of the Eastern Society for the Operation of Coal and Metallurgical Enterprises, which included Krasnodonon Directions No. 10, required urgently to give coking coal for coke plants and blast furnaces.
F. P. Lutikov, N. P. Barakov and other Communists-Underground Krasnodon organized the work of mechanical workshops so that no mine was restored. Where recovery work was approached by an end, sabotage was performed. Thus, at Mine Sorokino № 1 Mologwarder Yu. Vitzovsky on the task of Communist N. P. Barakova signed the rope of lifting. The truncated crate completely destroyed the shaft barrel. The invaders could not restore this mine.
Not a single fuel carrion was taken out of the Nazis from the richest district for all the time of their horseship in Krasnodone.
The temporary power station, which was serviced by young mechanics Vladimir Osmukhin and Anatoly Orlov, worked with big interruptions. Bearings often melted in the mechanisms, the generator faced.
The fascists in Krasnodone did not know. In November, in the direction of the station, Dolzhanka proceeded Gurt's 500 goals under the protection of Hitler's soldiers. At the direction of Ivan Turkeenich, Sergey Tyulenin, Vladimir Osmukhin, Demyan Fomin, Viktor Petrov and Semen Ostapenko shot at the city of security, and cattle was dispersed in the near villages and farms.
The 25th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution approached the 25th anniversary. Krasnodon Communists and Komsomol members decided to adequately meet the anniversary of Soviet power. On the eve of the holiday on the night under November 7, 1942, the young guards watered eight red flags at the highest buildings in the city and towns. On the streets, leaflets appeared in the bazaars in which young avengers called on the population to rise to the fight against the occupiers.
After the holiday of Turkeenich, Popov, Fomin and earths liberated twenty Soviet prisoners of war, doomed to death in the building of the May Day hospital.
On the roads leading to Krasnodon, enemy cars were buried and the enemy cars were buried, the weapons and documents disappeared without a trace. At the end of November, Ivan Turkeenich, Anatoly Popov and Demyan Fomin scored with grenades a German boat machine on the Krasnodon area - oswarino. The combat group under the leadership of Sergey Levashov destroyed the autocolonna between Krasnodon and Sverdlovsky. Sergey Tyulanyn with his battle friends was kept under the control of the Krasnodon road - Voroshilovgrad.
The rows of underground workers grew all the time. College on the apartment has become dangerous. In December, at the direction of the party leadership, the Gorky Gorky Club became the Center for the activities of the "Young Guard". On the recommendation of N. P. Barakova, Yevgeny Moshkov is arranged by the Director of the Club, the administrator - Ivan Zhonnukhov, the artistic director - Viktor Trekijevich. Most members of the organization were now "artists".
Participation in the work of the club gave youth to youth to meet unhindered, without causing suspicion of fascist dogs, and freed from violent mobilization to Germany. The activities of the underground workers intensified.
A labor exchange was created in Krasnodone. "Black Exchange" - how she chopped her people. By the beginning of December, the Legal Commission "Bavaria" - the general authorized for the distribution of labor - completed preparations for sending about 2 thousand young men and girls from the Krasnodonsky district. Were compiled lists with addresses, the work cards were filled out, the day of dispatch was appointed.
In order to save the youth from the hijacking to slavery, disrupt the plans of the invaders - the Krasnodonian undergrounders lived in those days. But how? The armed performance would be premature, and the forces were too unequal. That was the case at first glance, but the most right decision is to burn a black stock exchange.
The headquarters commissioned this combat operation commissioned Sergey Tyulenin, Lyubov Shevtsova and Viktor Lukyanchenko. On the night of December 5-16, 1942, on the day of the Soviet Constitution, the coughs snuck into the building of the exchange and set fire to it. In the hot flame burned all the documents on the Krasnodonian boys and girls. About two thousand doomed to hard work were not taken to Germany.
People felt this feat in the song:
Who is the street there?
Who does not sleep in this night?
In the wind leaflet goes,
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