A contraction is two or even three words combined into one, shortened word, with some letters being thrown out. On the letter, instead of the discarded letters, an apostrophe is put. V English language abbreviations are used very often, mainly in colloquial speech. Mainly auxiliary verbs and the negative particle not are abbreviated, since they are unstressed in the sentence. In addition, there are many abbreviations with modal verbs.
Let's consider the main abbreviations of the English language:
|
Reduction |
Pronounced |
Full form |
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I had, I would, I should |
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you had, you would |
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he had, he would |
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she had; she would |
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we had, we should, we would |
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they had; they would |
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[ðɛəz], [ðəz] |
there is, there has |
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there had, there would |
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|
AM kæ̱nt] |
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Abbreviations are verbal(when the verb itself is shortened) and negative(in which the particle not is abbreviated).
Some negative contractions can take two forms:
he had not = he "d not = he hadn" t
she will not = she’ll not = she won’t
it is not = it’s not = it isn’t
Abbreviations from n "t(hadn "t, won" t) are more typical of the English language. An exception is the verb is, because both are allowed in British English. American English uses not: she "s not forms.
In dividing matters, am not has the abbreviation aren "t I:
I am in your team, aren’t I? - I'm on your team, right?
Note the difference in pronunciation: can "t: British English to American English.
Some abbreviations can mean different verbs, for example, the abbreviation 's can mean both is and has. How to tell? Distinguishing by context. After is, either a verb with the ending ing, or an adjective or noun is used:
He's waiting for you. - He's waiting for you.
She’s a student. - She's a student.
It's beautiful. - It's fine.
The has must be followed by a verb in the third form:
He's got a new car. - He has a new car.
She's been to the USA... - She was in the USA.
The abbreviation "d" can "hide" had, would, should. After had, we use the third form of the verb:
Sometimes the shorthand is used for the had better construct:
You'd better go home now. “You better go home now.
Would often be followed by like to:
I'd like to have a cup of tea. - I would like a cup of tea.
C should usually uses the first form of the verb without the to (advice expression):
You "d go and apologize. - You should go and apologize.
Do not confuse the shortened form it "s and the possessive adjective its.
Ain’t is a slang abbreviation for am not, are not, is not, have not, has not. It can be found in movies, songs and colloquial speech.
Using abbreviations in writing.
The use of abbreviated forms in writing is determined by the nature of the letter. Abbreviations should be avoided in official documents, formal correspondence, scientific papers, however, in unofficial letters, blogs, articles, the use of abbreviations is allowed and even encouraged. Abbreviations give a more informal and light tone, while full forms, in turn, indicate seriousness and formality. Before using abbreviations in writing, think about the nature, purpose, and addressee of your letter.
When using abbreviated forms in writing, there are a few rules to keep in mind.
The short form 's (is, has) can be used in writing with personal pronouns, nouns, question words, there) and (now's):
He "s my brother. - He is my brother.
Tom's sleeping. - Tom is sleeping.
Where's he? What’s he doing? - Where is he? What is he doing?
There’s a car in the garage. “There's a car in the garage.
Here's a lot of people. - There are many people here.
Now's the time to go. - Now is the time to go.
The short forms ‘ll (will),‘ d (had, should, would), and ’re (are) are used in writing after pronouns and there, but in other cases the full forms are written, even if abbreviated ones are pronounced:
They're watching TV. The children are watching TV.
She'd like to go out. Mary would like to go out.
He’d eat healthy food. My father should eat healthy food.
Acronyms are an important element of spoken English and can sometimes make it difficult to understand native speakers when they speak very fast, so it is important to develop your listening skills, and if you want to improve your conversational English, our teachers will help you with that. Good luck in learning English!
English abbreviations Are abbreviated forms of some parts of speech ( don "t, I "m, etc.), which are widely used in colloquial and informal speech and writing.
Abbreviations in English
The table below lists abbreviations in English and examples of their use.
| Unabbreviated form | Abbreviated form | Example |
| I am | I "m | I "m (= I am) already here. I'm already here. |
| I have | I "ve | I "ve (= I have) seen that movie several times. I have watched this movie several times. |
| I will | I "ll | I "ll (= I will) deal with this. I will take care of it. |
| I had / I would | I "d | I "d (= I had) done it by the time you came. I did it by the time you arrived. I promised you I "d (= I would) do it. |
| You are | You "re | You "re (= you are) one of the best students in this class. You are one of best students in this class. |
| You have | You "ve | You "ve (= you have) been such a good friend to me. You were such a good friend to me. |
| You will | You "ll | You "ll (= you will) see him soon enough. You will meet him pretty soon. |
| You had / you would | You "d | You passed the test because you "d (= you had) prepared for it. You passed test because I prepared for it in advance. You "d (= you would) like it, I" m sure. |
| He is / he has | He "s | He "s (= he is) a very talented actor. He is a very talented actor. He "s (= he has) never lied to us. |
| He will | He "ll | He "ll (= he will) show up, he is just running a little late. He will come, he is only a little late. |
| He had / he would | He "d | He "d (= he had) helped me a lot to finish the work by your arrival. He helped me finish the job before you came. He "d (= he would) be very glad to contribute. |
| She is / she has | She "s | She "s (= she is) standing by the window. She stands by the window. She "s (= she has) got a lot of money. |
| She will | She "ll | She "ll (= she will) come over to our house tonight. She will come to us tonight. |
| She had / she would | She "d | She "d (= she had) called me before she came. She called before she came. She said that she "d (= she would) give me a call during the lunch-break. |
| It is / it has | It "s | It "s (= it is) hot today. Today it's hot. It "s (= it has) never been so hot. |
| We are | We "re | We "re (= we are) coming, we" re almost there. We are going, we have almost arrived. |
| We have | We "ve | We "ve (= we have) tried to get a hold of you, but failed. We tried to contact you, but we couldn't. |
| We will | We "ll | We "ll (= we will) watch over the kids. We'll look after the children. |
| We had / we would | We "d | We "d (= we had) traveled from Germany to Spain. We traveled from Germany to Spain. We "d (= we would) be much obliged if you helped us. |
| They are | They "re | We "re (= we are) going to talk about it next time. We will talk about this next time. |
| They have | They "ve | I hear that they "ve (= they have) been told everything. I heard they were told everything. |
| They will | They "ll | I hope they "ll (= they will) be on time. Hope they won't be late. |
| They had / they would | They "d | They "d (= they had) done their work long before I started doing mine. They did their job long before I started mine. I talked to them and they promised they "d (= they would) do everything in their power. |
| There is / there has | There "s | There "s (= there is) little time left. There is little time left. There "s (= there has) been a very nice chinese restaurant down the street before, but now it" s gone. |
| There will | There "ll | They say there "ll (= there will) be a new school in our district. They say a new school will appear in our area. |
| There had / there would | There "d | There "d (= there had) been many people here before. There used to be a lot of people here. I knew there "d (= ther would) be a way. |
| Are not | Aren "t | They aren "t (= are not) here yet. They are not here yet. |
| Cannot | Can "t | I can "t (= cannot) do it because I am very busy. I cannot do this as I am very busy. |
| Could not | Couldn "t | Why couldn "t (= could not) you come in time? Why couldn't you come on time? |
| Dare not | Daren "t | I daren "t (= dare not) say it. I dare not say that. |
| Did not | Didn "t | Helen says she didn "t (= did not) know anything about it. Helen said she didn't know anything about it. |
| Does not | Doesn "t | He doesn "t (= does not) like this book. He doesn't like this book. |
| Do not | Don "t | Whatever you do, just don "t (= do not) touch my antique statuettes. Do what you want, just don't touch the antique figurines. |
| Had not | Hadn "t | We hadn "t (= had not) seen such a beatiful place before we went there. We have never seen such a beautiful place before we arrived there. |
| Has not | Hasn "t | Sam hasn "t (= has not) read that magazine yet, give it to him. Sam hasn't read this magazine yet, give it to him. |
| Have not | Haven "t | I haven "t (= have not) finished working yet, give me some more time. I haven't finished my work yet, wait a little longer. |
| Is not | Isn "t | I don "t know why he isn" t (= is not) there. I don’t know why he’s not there. |
| Might not | Mightn "t | You should call him first, he mightn "t (= might not) be home yet. Better call him first, maybe he's not home yet. |
| Must not | Mustn "t | You mustn "t (= must not) work so hard, have a little rest. You can't work that much, take a little rest. |
| Need not | Needn "t | The teacher has said that we needn "t (= need not) do this exercise. Master said that we do not need to do this exercise. |
| Ought not | Oughtn "t | Tell him that he oughtn "t (= ought not) to speak with his parents like that. Tell him not to talk to your parents like that. |
| Shall not | Shan "t | Don "t come tomorrow, I shan" t (= shall not) be able to help you. Don't come tomorrow, I can't help you. |
| Should not | Shouldn "t | We shouldn "t (= should not) hurry, the work should be done very carefully. You should not rush, the work must be done very carefully. |
| Was not | Wasn "t | I wasn "t (= was not) ready to go when you called me. I wasn't ready to go when you called. |
| Were not | Weren "t | They weren "t (= were not) going to come. They weren't going to come. |
| Will not | Won "t | We won "t (= will not) let you down. We will not let you down. |
| Would not | Wouldn "t | If I were you I wouldn "t (= would not) underestimate him. If I were you, I would not underestimate him. |
Notes:
1. There is a non-standard form in spoken English ain "t, which can be an abbreviation of the forms am not, are not, is not, have not or has not(however, this form has a strong informal connotation):
He ain "t going to come. = He is not going to come.
He will not come.
Don "t talk to me like that - you ain" t my master. = You are not my master.
Do not talk to me like that, you are not my master.
I ain "t got anything to read. = I have not got anything to read.
I have nothing to read.
2. Abbreviations daren "t and shan "t very rarely used in American English.
3. Short for am not is the form aren "t(which, unlike the form ain "t, is not colloquial and informal):
I am late, aren "t I? (And NOT ... amn" t I?)
I’m late, right?
90% of the Russian iPhone market is unofficial devices imported to us from another country. Most of them are locked to the operator of the country from which they were imported. Naturally, such phones cannot work in Russia. But now there are many services that allow you to unlock locked iPhones, for example.
The first thing to find out for the owner of an unofficial iPhone before contacting the unlocking service is where the iPhone comes from and which operator it is locked to.
The first question can be solved quite simply. In order to find out where the iPhone comes from, you need to go to the iPhone in Settings - General - About device and in paragraph Model look at the last two letters.
If the phone is not activated and there is no access to the menu, then the phone model can be specified on the box from your iPhone (information about the model is located on the back of the box). If you do not have a box and the phone does not allow you to enter the main menu, then write to us, we will figure it out. You can contact us through
For example MC318LL. We are interested in the letters LL. They are exactly what you need to look for in the list below. According to this list, the iPhone having the model MC318LL is from America and is tied to AT&T.
AB — United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia (Operators Mobily, etisalat)
B- UK and Ireland (operator O2)
BZ- Brazil (operator Claro, VIVO)
WITH- Canada (operators Fido and Rogers)
CR- Croatia (T-Mobile operator, blocked)
СZ- Czech Republic (operators O2, T-Mobile, Vodafone, unlocked)
DN- Austria, Germany, Netherlands (T-Mobile operator, blocked)
E- Mexico (Telcel operator, blocked)
EE- Estonia (operator EMT, blocked, but with the possibility of removing the SIM-lock on additional conditions)
FD- Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland (operators One (Austria), Orange (Lich, Shwe), Swisscom (Lich, Shwe), blocked, but with the possibility of removing the SIM-lock on additional conditions)
FB- France (operator SFR) is blocked, but with the possibility of removing the SIM-lock on additional conditions)
GR- Greece (operator Vodafone)
HN- India (operators Airtel and Vodafone)
J- Japan (operator SoftBank)
KN- Denmark and Norway (operators Telia (Dan) and NetcCom (Nor)
KS- Finland and Sweden (operators Telia (Switzerland), Sonera (Fin)
LA- Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Peru, El Salvador, Ecuador (operators Comcel (Col), Claro (Gond, Gua, Peru, Sal), Movistar, Porta (Equ), TM SAC (Peru)
LE- Argentina (operators Claro, Movistar)
LL- USA (operator AT&T)
LT- Lithuania (operator Omnitel)
LV- Latvia (operator LMT)
LZ- Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay (operators CTI Movil (Par, Uru), Claro (Chile), Movistar (Uru), TMC (Chile)
MG- Hungary (operator T-Mobile)
NF- Belgium, France (operators Mobistar (Bel) and Orange (Fr), Luxembourg (operator Vox Mobile)
PL- Poland (operators Era and Orange)
PO- Portugal (operators Optimus and Vodafone)
PP- Philippines (operator Globe)
RO- Romania (operator Orange)
Rs- Russia (operators VimpelCom, MegaFon, MTS)
SL- Slovakia (operators Orange, T-Mobile)
SO- South Africa (operators Vodacom)
T- Italy (operator TIM and Vodafone)
TU- Turkey (operator Vodafone, TurkCell)
TA- Taiwan (operator Chunghwa Telecom - unlocked)
X- Australia and (operators Optus (ABC), Telstra (ABC), Vodafone)
X- New Zealand (operator Vodafone)
Y- Spain (operator Movistar)
ZA- Singapore (operator SingTel)
ZP- Hong Kong and Macau (Operator Three)
Carrier-bound iPhone models (locked)
Germany - T-Mobile
MC603DN / A - 16GB Black
MC605DN / A - 32GB Black
Japan - Softbank
MC603J / A - 16GB Black
MC605J / A - 32GB Black
Spain - Movistar, Orange, Vodafone
MC603Y / A - 16GB Black
MC605Y / A - 32GB Black
USA - AT&T
MC608LL / A - 16GB Black
MC610LL / A - 32GB Black
MC318LL / A - 16GB Black
MC319LL / A - 32GB Black
Almost everyone dreams of buying an apple gadget, but for some, the price becomes an insurmountable obstacle on the way to their dreams. Many users do not buy phones from official Apple dealers. This is primarily due to the fact that the price of such gadgets is much cheaper, and besides, you can get the coveted iPhone much earlier than it appears in official stores.
But do not forget that buying an iPhone through the Apple website or in an official store, you will definitely receive a PCT - a device that is specially adapted to work in your country. If you purchased the phone from a “gray” dealer, then you may have a number of problems.
Where to find your iPhone model
To determine the country for which the iPhone was made, we need its serial number. We recognize it by knowing it and where the apparatus itself comes from.
You can do this directly in the store by looking at the information on the back of the iPhone box. Although we recommend checking the model number directly through the phone menu to rule out any inconsistencies (such cases are not uncommon).
To do this, you need to turn on the iPhone, go to "Settings", find the "General" section, and then go to the "About this device" item.
After you have found the serial number, you can go in two ways:
- An easy way to determine the "homeland" of an apple gadget is to use the site. You just need to enter the full model number of your phone, and find out all the information you need about the origin of your phone and the presence or absence of binding to a specific operator.
- If there is no way to check the phone through the website, then you can find out the information you are interested in yourself. The phone's model number is made up of four letters and three numbers, but in order to determine which country your iPhone came from, you only need the last two letters. For example, if the model number looks like this - MC354LL, then you need to pay attention to the letters LL.
Deciphering the iPhone model number
- A - Canada
- AB - UAE, Saudi Arabia
- AE - UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia
- AH - Bahrain, Kuwait
- B - Great Britain or Ireland
- BZ - Brazil
- C - Canada
- CH - China
- CN - Slovakia
- СZ - Czech Republic
- D - Germany
- DN - Holland, Austria, Germany
- E - Mexico
- EE - Estonia
- ET - Estonia
- F - France
- FB - Luxembourg
- FS - Finland
- FD - Liechtenstein, Austria, or Switzerland
- GR - Greece
- HB - Israel
- HN - India
- IP - Italy
- J - Japan
- KH - China, South Korea
- KN - Denmark or Norway
- KS - Finland or Sweden
- LA - Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, Colombia, El Salvador
- LE - Argentina
- LL - USA
- LP - Poland
- LT - Lithuania
- LV - Latvia
- LZ - Paraguay, Chile
- MG - Hungary
- MY from Malaysia
- NF - Luxembourg, Belgium, France
- PK - Finland, Poland
- PL - Poland
- PM - Poland
- PO - Portugal
- PP - Philippines
- QL - Italy, Spain, Portugal
- QN - Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland
- RK - Kazakhstan
- RM - Russia or Kazakhstan
- RO - Romania
- RP - Russia
- RR - Russia
- RS - Russia
- RU - Russia
- SE - Serbia
- SL - Slovakia
- SO - South Africa
- SU - Ukraine
- T - Italy
- TA - Taiwan
- TU - Turkey
- UA - Ukraine
- X - Australia
- X - New Zealand
- Y - Spain
- ZA from Singapore
- ZD - Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria, France, Switzerland, Monaco
- ZP - Hong Kong, Macau
Checking iPhone for UnLock
In many countries, iPhones are sold specially locked for a specific telephone operator. In such a case, the use of this unit in other countries may be restricted. It is possible to fix this problem and use a brand new phone, but one way or another, it requires additional investment of time and money.
To make sure that your iPhone will function normally in your country, it is better to check when buying where your apple gadget was brought from, and whether it is locked to a specific operator.
But really - which iPhone was sold / presented to you? New from the factory or a broken and later rebuilt Apple? In order to find out the answer to this question, no specialized software or equipment is required.
In contact with
Video review
All we need is the iPhone model number from the settings. How to find it:
1. Open Settings your smartphone.
2. Select a section The main → About this device.
3. Scroll down to the line Model.
Note: The iPhone Model ID is also found on a label located on the back of the original box.
And now let's look at the first letter of our number. It can start only with Latin letters. M, F, N and P... In addition, there is a variant that starts with a digit, for example - 3 .
And here's what each symbol means:
M - new device.
F - refurbished at Apple factories (ref)... Repairers eliminate the cause of the breakdown, be sure to change the case and glass on the display, put it in a new white box along with new headphones and a charger ().
The Russian consumer is familiar with such Apple smartphones under the name "Like new" or "Refurbished", or "CPO", their prices are usually 20-30% lower, and the quality does not suffer at all. 
N - iPhone issued under the Apple warranty to replace a broken gadget.
3 (or another number) - Demo version (demo)... For example, 3D035RU... A smartphone designed for display stand in Apple retail stores and authorized resellers. The main difference is a special version of iOS (regular user iOS can also be installed). In addition, there is a “demo” mark on the back of the box. The specifications (technical characteristics) of Demo devices are no different from ordinary ones ().
P - personalized (engraved)... When buying an iPad and iPod Touch (less often iPhone) in the Apple online store, the buyer is invited to use a free service for engraving and packing in a gift box.
Now, if you're going to pick up a new iPhone or just want to learn more about the origins of your existing smartphone, you know what to do.
Also, before buying an iPhone, be sure to check out how to check if you are actually buying a new Apple smartphone.