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ФЗ 53 on the Russian language comments. The state language of the Russian Federation. On the spelling of the names of states - the former republics of the USSR and their capitals

Fundamental physical concepts
31.01.2021

Of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-1 "On the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation" and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation.

Judicial practice and legislation - 53-FZ On the state language of the Russian Federation

law


the amount of scientific and information resources for the implementation of the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation";

the share of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation organizing the analysis of the results of the final essay in the final grades, as well as the development of measures to improve the quality of teaching in the Russian language together with public professional organizations, in the total number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;


the amount of scientific and information resources for the implementation of the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation";

the share of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation organizing the analysis of the results of the final essay in the final grades, as well as the development of measures to improve the quality of teaching in the Russian language together with public professional organizations, in the total number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;


5. A text warning about the restriction of the dissemination of information products among children is carried out in Russian, and in the cases established by the Federal Law of June 1, 2005 N 53-FZ "On the state language of the Russian Federation", in the state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics that are part of the Russian Federation , other languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT THE STATE LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Accepted

The State Duma

Approved

Federation Council

This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation, protecting and developing language culture.

Federal Law of 01.01.2001 "On the approval of the federal program for the development of education" (as amended by the Federal Law of 01.01.2001). "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 72, 13.04.2000.

Subsection 2. Problems of education

The development of education is taking place in a very difficult situation. The activities of educational institutions are destabilized by factors, among which the main ones are:

There is a growing threat of violation of the unity of the educational space in terms of teaching Russian as the state language. The discrepancies between federal and national-regional components of humanitarian disciplines standards are growing.

Section III. DIRECTIONS OF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

AND EXPECTED RESULTS

Subsection 1. General directions of development

education system

The main directions of development of the education system are:

realization of the rights of citizens to study Russian as the state language of the Russian Federation and the official working language of the United Nations;

6. Higher and postgraduate professional education.


The main directions of development of higher and postgraduate professional education are:

creation of a system of state support for teaching the Russian language in foreign countries as the official working language of the United Nations Organization, and other international organizations - a world-class language of culture.

Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is Russian.

Federal Law of 01.01.2001 N 8-FZ "On the All-Russian Population Census"... "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 17, January 29, 2002.

Article 6. Information about the population and the order of their collection.

1. Information on the population may contain the following data on persons subject to the All-Russian Population Census:

age (date of birth);

citizenship (state of citizenship, the presence of dual citizenship, the name of the state or states of which the interviewed person is a citizen);

nationality;

knowledge of languages \u200b\u200b(native language, Russian, another language or other languages);

general education (primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general) and vocational (primary vocational, secondary vocational, higher vocational, postgraduate vocational);

state of marriage;

amount of children;

family relations with persons living together;

place of birth (name of the state, subject of the Russian Federation);

place of residence and (or) place of stay (name of the state, subject of the Russian Federation, municipal formation, urban, rural settlement);

living conditions (type of living quarters, time of construction of the house, size of total and living space, number of living rooms, types of improvement of living quarters);

sources of livelihood (income from labor activity or other occupation, pension, including disability pension, scholarship, allowance, other type of state security, other source of livelihood);

employment (availability of work or other occupation that are sources of livelihood, or lack thereof).

On persons temporarily staying in the territory of the Russian Federation, but permanently residing outside the Russian Federation, information is collected concerning the purpose of their arrival in the Russian Federation.

4. The population survey is carried out in Russian. In the republics of the Russian Federation, the population survey can be carried out in the state language of the corresponding republic. In places of compact residence of indigenous minorities, the survey of the population can be carried out in the language of the corresponding indigenous minority. If the interviewed person does not know the language in which the interview is carried out, he is guaranteed the right to use the services of an interpreter.

5. Census forms are filled in by persons collecting information about the population, in Russian from the words of the respondents.

Federal law from 25g. N 73-FZ "On cultural heritage sites (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation". "Parliamentary newspaper", N 120-121, 29.06.2002.

Article 27. Informational inscriptions and designations on cultural heritage sites.

1. On the objects of cultural heritage included in the register, inscriptions and designations must be installed containing information about the object of cultural heritage (hereinafter - information labels and designations). The inscriptions are made in Russian - the state language of the Russian Federation and in the state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics - the subjects of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for installing information labels and designations onobjects of cultural heritage of federal significance determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. The procedure for installing information labels and designations oncultural heritage sites of regional importance orobjects of cultural heritage of local (municipal) significance is determined by the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a municipal legal act.

3. The responsibility for the installation of information signs and designations on cultural heritage objects shall be borne by the owners of the objects.

The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to install information labels and designations on cultural heritage sites of federal significance in agreement with the federal body for the protection of cultural heritage sites.

Federal Law of 01.01.2001 N 108-Federal Law "On the All-Russian Agricultural Census". "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 161, 26.07.2005.

Article 10. Information about the objects of the agricultural census and the procedure for collecting this information.

5. The questionnaires are filled out in Russian.

6. The survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census is carried out in Russian. In the republics of the Russian Federation, the survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census can be carried out in the state language of the corresponding republic. In places of compact residence of indigenous minorities, the survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census can be carried out in the language of the corresponding indigenous minority. If the interviewed person does not know the language in which the interview is carried out, it can be carried out in the language that the interviewed person knows.

Resolution of the Constitutional Court dated 01.01.2001. “Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation”, 22.11.2004, No. 47 of Art.4691.

In the Russian Federation, the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and the state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics within the Russian Federation are built on the graphic basis of the Cyrillic alphabet; other graphic bases of the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics may be established by federal laws.

At the same time, the Constitution of the Russian Federation - taking into account the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal status of the republics within the Russian Federation due to historical and national factors - recognizes their right to establish their state languages \u200b\u200band use them in government bodies, local government bodies, state institutions of the republics along with the state language of the Russian Federation (article 68, part 2) and guarantees all peoples of the Russian Federation the right to preserve their native language, create conditions for its study and development (article 68, part 3), which in turn serves the interests of preserving and developing bilingualism in the Russian Federation (multilingualism).

The aforementioned provisions of Article 68 are in systemic connection with other provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which consolidate the foundations of the federal structure of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state (Article 4, Part 1; Article 5, Part 3), the status of the republics within the Russian Federation (Article 66, Part 1 ), as well as regulating the status of the individual - on the possession of every citizen of the Russian Federation on its territory of all rights and freedoms and bearing equal obligations stipulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 6, Part 2), on the equality of human and civil rights and freedoms, regardless of any or circumstances, including nationality, language and place of residence (Article 19, Part 2), on guarantees of the rights of everyone to use their native language, to free choice of the language of communication, education, training and creativity (Article 26, Part 2), on the prohibition promoting linguistic excellence (Article 29, part 2).

The state language of all subjects of the Russian Federation is Russian. The definition of statehood promotes mutual understanding and spiritual growth of representatives of nationalities living on the territory of the Russian Federation. For the protection and systematic development of the main means of communication, a clearly formed concept of the corresponding normative act is required.

Federal Law "On the State Language" N 53-FZ was adopted by the State Duma on May 20 and approved by the Federal Council on May 25, 2005. The regulatory act in question entered into force on June 1, 2005. The current law regulates the provision of the use of the Russian language throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the legal rights of citizens related to the protection and development of the state dialect.

The current text of Federal Law 53-FZ consists of seven articles:

  • Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
  • Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation;
  • Article 3. Spheres of use of the state language of the Russian Federation;
  • Article 4. Protection and support of the state language of the Russian Federation;
  • Article 5. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation;
  • Article 6. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation;
  • Article 7. Entry into force of this Federal Law.

According to paragraph 1 of Article 1 the law in question, russian is established as the state language on the basis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation... The rules for determining modern literary and linguistic norms are established By the Government of the Russian Federation (article 1, paragraph 3). In the use of Russian literary and linguistic norms, as state, abusive and obscene words are not allowed ( article 1, paragraph 6).

According to paragraph 7 of the article under consideration, the diminution of the right to communicate in the native dialect of citizens of the Russian Federation belonging to ethnic minorities is not permissible. Knowledge of the Russian language on the territory of Russia is mandatory, according to the law, communication between citizens can take place in any dialect. Any prohibition of communication in extraneous dialects is considered illegal.

The legislation on the norms of Russian speech is based on the provisions of the following normative acts (Art. 2):

  • The Constitution of the Russian Federation;
  • Federal Law "On the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation" N 1807-1, adopted on October 25, 1991;
  • Considered law N 53-FZ;
  • Other regulations governing language issues.

According to the regulations article 3 Federal Law 53-FZ, and the use of Russian literary speech is mandatory:

  • In the activities of all state authorities;
  • In the names of state bodies;
  • During the pre-election campaign, the process of holding elections and referendums,
    in court proceedings on the territory of the Russian Federation, including the magistrates' court;
  • With the official publication of the documentation of international treaties of the Russian Federation;
  • When making inscriptions on road traffic signs;
  • When drawing up state documents of the Russian Federation;
  • In advertisements and materials provided by the media;
  • In literary works, subject to their performance in public.

As part of protecting the linguistic diversity of Russian speech, state bodies are taking the following actions (Article 4):

  • Ensuring the use of Russian speech throughout the Russian Federation;
  • Develop a concept to improve the level of education in the field of Russian philology;
  • Promote the study of the Russian language by foreigners - both within the Russian Federation and abroad;
  • Contribute to the production of dictionaries and grammar aids;
  • They control the purity and absence of obscene language in Russian speech and the observance of this law.

Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to education, to receive any information and to communicate in the state (Russian) language. Foreigners and citizens of the Russian Federation speaking another dialect have the right to use the services of an interpreter.

Like other Federal laws of the Russian Federation, FZ-53 regularly undergoes the necessary changes. The last amendments to the current law were introduced on May 5, 2014.

Download 53 of the Federal Law on the state language of the Russian Federation

For a detailed study of the current Federal Law
"On the state language" N 53-FZ and the latest amendments made in it, you should familiarize yourself with the valid provisions. You can download the current text of FZ-53 at

Recent changes in the Federal Law on the state language of the Russian Federation

The last revision of the Federal Law 53-FZ under consideration was made on May 5, 2014.The basis for the amendments was Federal Law N 101-FZ... IN article 3 of the current regulation, clarifications have appeared regarding the choice of language dubbing or captions for public screening of films. The article in question was supplemented clause 9.2,stating that the use of the Russian speech is mandatory in the public reading of literary works, conducting concerts and staging performances.

Previously significant amendments were made July 2, 2013... The basis for the amendments was the Federal Law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and the Recognition of Invalidation of Legislative Acts (Certain Provisions of Legislative Acts) of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law" On Education in the Russian Federation "N 185-FZ.

Changes were made Articles 3 and 4 valid law. IN
according with the provisions of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" sample "N, adopted on December 20, 2012, in paragraph 8 of part 1 of article 3 it is indicated that the Russian language is necessarily used in the preparation and printing of documentation confirming the level of education or qualifications of a citizen.

Article 4, paragraph 4 the normative act in question states that within the framework of protecting and promoting the foundations of Russian traditions in the foreign community, state educational institutions train relevant personnel. Teachers of the Russian language, as a foreign language, carry out their activities both within the Russian Federation and abroad, in the respective educational institutions.

Amendment 185-FZ in paragraph 4 of article 4 word "Institutions" replaced by "Organizations".

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT THE STATE LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The State Duma

Federation Council

This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation, and protecting and developing language culture.

Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is Russian.

2. The status of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for the mandatory use of the Russian language in the areas defined by this Federal Law, other federal laws, the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-1 "On the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation" and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation.

3. The procedure for approving the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The state language of the Russian Federation is a language that promotes mutual understanding, strengthening of interethnic ties of the peoples of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state.

5. Protection and support of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation contributes to the multiplication and mutual enrichment of the spiritual culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

6. When using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, it is not allowed to use words and expressions that do not correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language (including obscene language), with the exception of foreign words that do not have common analogues in Russian.

7. The obligation to use the state language of the Russian Federation should not be interpreted as a denial or diminution of the right to use the state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics within the Russian Federation and the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation.

Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation

The legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws, the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-1 "On languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation "and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating language problems.

Article 3. Spheres of use of the state language of the Russian Federation

1. The state language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use:

1) in the activities of federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, bodies of local self-government, organizations of all forms of ownership, including in the activity of maintaining office work;

2) in the names of federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, bodies of local self-government, organizations of all forms of ownership;

3) during the preparation and conduct of elections and referendums;

4) in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative proceedings, proceedings in arbitration courts, proceedings in federal courts, proceedings and proceedings before justices of the peace and in other courts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

6) in relations between federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, bodies of local self-government, organizations of all forms of ownership and citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, public associations;

7) when writing the names of geographical objects, applying inscriptions on road signs;

8) when drawing up identity documents of a citizen of the Russian Federation, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, making forms of certificates of state registration of acts of civil status, issuing documents on education and (or) on qualifications established in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29 2012 N 273-FZ "On education in the Russian Federation" of the sample, as well as other documents, the execution of which in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation is carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, when registering the addresses of senders and recipients of telegrams and mail sent within the Russian Federation, postal money transfers;

9) in mass media products;

9.1) when showing films in cinemas;

9.2) in public performances of works of literature, art, folk art through theatrical and entertainment, cultural and educational, entertainment and entertainment events;

11) in other areas specified by federal laws.

1.1. In the areas specified in clauses 9, 9.1, 9.2 and 10 of part 1 of this article, and in other cases provided for by federal laws, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics of the Russian Federation, other languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, also foreign languages.

2. In cases of use in the spheres specified in part 1 of this article, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state language of the republic within the Russian Federation, other languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, texts in Russian and in the state language of the republic as part of the Russian Federation, other languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must be identical in content and technical design, made legibly, sound information (including in audio and audiovisual materials, television and radio programs) in Russian and the specified information in the state language of the republic within the Russian Federation, other languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must also be identical in content, sound and methods of transmission.

3. The provisions of part 2 of this article do not apply to company names, trademarks, service marks, as well as television and radio programs, audio and audiovisual materials, printed publications intended for teaching the state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics within the Russian Federation, other languages. peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

Article 4. Protection and support of the state language of the Russian Federation

In order to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation, federal government bodies, within their competence:

1) ensure the functioning of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation;

2) develop and adopt federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, develop and implement appropriate federal target programs aimed at protecting and supporting the state language of the Russian Federation;

3) take measures aimed at ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation;

4) take measures to improve the education system and the system of training specialists in the field of the Russian language and teachers of Russian as a foreign language, and also train scientific and pedagogical personnel for educational organizations with training in Russian outside the Russian Federation;

5) promote the study of the Russian language outside the Russian Federation;

6) provide state support for the publication of dictionaries and grammars of the Russian language;

7) exercise control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation, including the use of words and expressions that do not correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language, by organizing an independent examination;

8) take other measures to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation.

Article 5. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation

1. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation provides for:

1) receiving education in Russian in state and municipal educational institutions;

2) obtaining information in Russian from federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership;

3) obtaining information in Russian through the all-Russian, regional and municipal mass media. This provision does not apply to the mass media established specifically for television and (or) radio broadcasting or the publication of printed materials in the state languages \u200b\u200bof the republics within the Russian Federation, other languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

2. Persons who do not know the state language of the Russian Federation, when exercising and protecting their rights and legitimate interests on the territory of the Russian Federation in cases stipulated by federal laws, shall be guaranteed the right to use the services of translators.

Article 6. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation

1. Adoption of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at restricting the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as other actions and violations that impede the exercise of the right of citizens to use the state language Of the Russian Federation, entail responsibility established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Violation of this Federal Law entails liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 7. Entry into force of this Federal Law

This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

The president

Russian Federation

Moscow Kremlin