Beef tongue in Georgian style
The tongue can rightfully be considered a delicacy: it is tasty, tender and nutritious. Most often in culinary recipes Beef and veal tongue is used, less often pork tongue. Before cooking, the tongue is soaked in cold water, then boiled with salt and spices for several hours. As soon as the tongue becomes soft, transfer it to cold water, allow it to cool and remove the skin. Then proceed according to the recipe. The tongue can be cut into thin slices and used for aspic. You can prepare any meat salad by replacing the meat with pieces of tongue.
Cooking time: 2–3 hours.
1 beef tongue,
2–3 onions,
300 g mushrooms (champignons, oyster mushrooms),
1 cup walnuts,
3-4 cloves of garlic,
1 glass of sour cream,
1 bunch of parsley,
vegetable oil for frying,
salt and ground black pepper - to taste.
1. Boil the tongue until tender, peel it, cut into large cubes.
2. Chop the onion into rings and fry in vegetable oil until golden brown.
3. Cut the mushrooms into slices and fry in vegetable oil until tender.
4. Crush walnuts and garlic into a homogeneous mass so that oil comes out of the nuts, add sour cream, add salt and pepper to taste.
5. Place tongue, mushrooms and onions in a ceramic pot and stir. Pour in sour cream sauce, cover with a lid and simmer for 20–30 minutes in an oven heated to 160°C.
6. When serving, sprinkle with chopped parsley.
To cook tongue, take a pan that is the size of your tongue, since beef tongue needs to be cooked completely and cutting it into pieces is highly undesirable. The time for boiling beef tongue depends, firstly, on the size of the tongue (there are specimens from 1 to 2 kg) and is approximately 2–3 hours.
Numerous tourists visiting Georgia note that part of the population in major cities speaks Russian and English. However, once you move a little away from Tbilisi and Batumi, the need for a little knowledge of the Georgian language arises. Knowledge of basic politeness phrases, such as hello in Georgian and words of gratitude, will not be superfluous. If you plan to stay in Georgia for a couple of months, then you will probably be interested in the alphabet and various nuances of this amazingly beautiful language. As well as a Russian-Georgian dictionary, which contains phrases necessary for normal communication and finding out information
How to say hello in Georgian and why don’t Georgians say hello
Any meeting begins with mutual greetings and wishes of health. Hello in Georgian It sounds simple - gamarjobat (გამარჯობათ) But it is literally translated not as a wish for health, but a wish for victory. If you need to say the usual hello in Georgian, then we say (გამარჯობა). In response they say gagimarjos (გაგიმარჯოს).
The generally accepted greeting in Russian “Privet” is practically not used in everyday life, but we will definitely tell you that hello in Georgian will be salami (სალამი). The word "salami" is often found in literature, mainly written in the years Soviet power, but not in everyday life.
Many people use it as a greeting. Russian word hello, but they pronounce it in the Georgian manner “privet”. Below is the Georgian alphabet, you may notice that it is missing the letter “e”, so instead it is always said “e” (ე). If you want to say hello to someone, you need to say mokithva gadaetsi (მოკითხვა გადაეცი). Literal translation from Georgian - tell me that I asked about him.
Saying thank you in Georgian
Of course, we couldn’t miss the most important words in all languages – words of gratitude, which are commonly used in Georgia all the time. Simple thank you in Georgian, sounds like madloba (მადლობა), you can say gmadlobt (გმადლობთ) which would mean thank you.
You can use the following phrases to express your overwhelming feelings of gratitude: Thanks a lot in Georgian it is pronounced as – didi madloba (დიდი მადლობა); thank you very much (უღრმესი მადლობა) we say ugrmesi madloba. Moreover, the phrase “many thanks” is literally translated as “deepest thanks.”
Features of the Georgian alphabet and language
The modern alphabet, unlike the ancient one, consists of 33 letters. On the initiative of Ilya Chavchavadze, 3 letters were removed from the alphabet, which were practically not used by that time. As a result, 5 vowels and 28 consonants remained in the Georgian alphabet. If you know the Georgian alphabet, then reading any inscription will not be difficult for you.
A huge plus of the Georgian language is that all letters are read and written the same, and each letter means only one sound. Letters in words are never combined to create any additional sounds. However, given the number of consonants in the language, difficulty may arise when reading four consonants in a row, which is not so rare.
In addition to the ease of writing and reading, the Georgian language has several other features that make learning it easy and simple. So Georgian words have no gender. And why is it needed? Learning Georgian is not difficult, because green will always be mtsvane (მწვანე).
For example, green th elephant, green oh tree, green and I grass, why do we need these endings indicating the gender, because you can simply write mtsvane spilo (green elephant), mtsvane he (green tree), mtsvane balahi (green grass). Agree, this makes learning the language much easier.
Another plus Georgian letter, it doesn't have capital letters. All words, including proper names, first and last names, as well as the first word in a sentence are always written with a small letter. And if you consider that all Georgian words are written the same way as they are heard, then you will understand that learning the language is not so difficult. You just need to listen to the speech of the Georgians and show a little diligence.
You will have to try hard if you decide to master the letter, because all the Georgian letters are very elegant and do not have sharp corners (rounded). At school, great attention is paid to calligraphy and the ability to write beautifully, so most of He writes people very beautifully. One of the advantages of writing is that in Georgian there is practically no connection of letters, that is, each letter is written separately.
Here it is worth noting the presence of several dialects, which are divided into three groups. Moreover, the last group of Georgian dialects is used outside of Georgia.
The first group of dialects includes: Kartli, Kakheti (Eastern Georgia), Khevsur, Tushin, Pshav, Mokhevi and Gudamakar.
The second group of dialects includes: Adjarian (Western Georgia), Imeretian, Rachin, Lechkhumi, Gurian and Meskhetian-Javakhi (South-Eastern Georgia).
The third group of dialects spoken outside the country: Fereydan, Ingiloy, Imerkhev (Klarjet).
Don't try to learn Georgian words the way they are pronounced in the regions. Explore literary language using Russian-Georgian translator. The fact is that residents from different parts of Georgia sometimes do not understand each other, the dialects in the Georgian language are so different.
Georgian alphabet with Russian transcription and translation
Below we present to you Georgian alphabet with translation into Russian, which will help you, at a minimum, read signs in Georgian and the names of products in the store, and, at a maximum, master “The Knight in Tiger Skin” in the original language. A large number of words in Georgian sound similar to Russian. For example: magazia (მაღაზია) - store, aptiaki (აფთიაქი) - pharmacy, mandarini (მანდარინი) - tangerines, kombosto (კომბოს ტო) – cabbage.
თ - t (unvoiced T is pronounced softly with aspiration, as in the word whale)
კ - k (voiced K, as in the word school)
პ - p (hard, voiced P, as in the word post)
ტ - t (hard voiced T, as in the word coward)
ფ - p (voiceless P, aspirated, as in the word krap)
ქ - k (voiceless K, aspirated, as in the word prok)
ღ - g (sounds like gekaning, sound between G and X)
ყ - x (glottal sound X)
ც - ts (voiceless Ts, aspirated, as in the word chick)
ძ - dz (voiced sound formed by two letters DZ)
წ - ts (hard voiced Ts, as in the word thermal power plant)
ჭ - tch ( soft sound from two letters PM)
ჰ - x (voiceless, light and airy letter, pronounced as a barely audible aspirated X)
Looking at the Georgian alphabet, you can see that it contains several letters that have no analogues in the Russian language. We can say that in the Georgian language there are two letters T, K and P. Just don’t tell Georgian-speaking people about this, as they will say that კ and ქ are different letters (and this is true)!
Russian-Georgian dictionary
Numbers
In order to learn numbers in Russian, it is enough to remember the first ten digits; the Georgian language uses a base-20 system (as well as the Mayan tribes) and therefore you need to learn the first 20 numbers.
Let us answer the question why you need to know numbers in Georgian. It’s no secret that tourists are often told that prices are inflated at the market, and even in stores. Therefore, you can safely walk around the bazaar, listen to what prices sellers tell the local population, and then draw conclusions about the real cost of the products.
Since the Russian-Georgian dictionary is not always at hand, remember the following numbers that form numbers in the Georgian language.
1 erti (ერთი)
2 ori (ორი)
3 themselves (სამი)
4 othi (ოთხი)
5 huthis (ხუთი)
6 eqsi (ექვსი)
7 shvidi (შვიდი)
8 moats (რვა)
9 tshra(ცხრა)
10 ati (ათი)
11 termeti (თერთმეტი)
12 tormeti (თორმეტი)
13 tsameti (ცამეტი)
14 tokhmeti (თოთხმეტი)
15 thutmeti (თხუთმეტი)
16 tekvsmeti (თექვსმეტი)
17 tchvidmeti (ჩვიდმეტი)
18 tvrameti (თვრამეტი)
19 tskhrameti (ცხრამეტი)
20 otsi (ოცი)
To say 21, we use 20+1 we get otsdaerti (ოცდაერთი), 26 – (this is 20+6) otsdaekvsi (ოცდაექვსი), 30 (20+10) otsdaati (ოცდაათ ი).
40 ormotsi (ორმოცი) (translated as twice 20)
50 ormotsdaati (ორმოცდაათი)(40 and 10)
60 samotsi (სამოცი) (translated as three times 20)
70 Samotsdaati (სამოცდაათი) (60+10)
80 otkhmotsi (ოთხმოცი) (translated as four times 20)
90 otkhmotsdaati (ოთხმოცდაათი) (80+10)
100 – asi (ასი)
200 orasi (ორასი) (literally from Georgian two times one hundred, “ori” is two, and “asi” is one hundred)
300 samasi (სამასი) (three times one hundred)
400 otkhashi (ოთხასი) (four times one hundred)
500 khutasi (ხუთასი) (five times one hundred)
600 ekvsasi (ექვსასი) (six times one hundred)
700 shvidasi (შვიდასი) seven times one hundred)
800 raasi (რვაასი) (eight times one hundred)
900 tshraasi (ცხრაასი) (nine times one hundred)
1000 atashi (ათასი) (ten times one hundred).
Days of the week
The most important day of the week for Georgians is Saturday. After all, this is a wonderful day for a noisy feast with family and friends. Perhaps this is why the days of the week in Georgian are counted from Saturday and are called in a very unique way - what is the day after Saturday.
So the word ორშაბათი is formed from two words ori (two) and shabati (Saturday), which means the second day from Saturday, similarly Monday is followed by Tuesday სამშაბათი that is, the third day after Saturday. The only exceptions are Friday and Sunday. Please note that the word კვირა queer is translated not only as Sunday, but also as a week (time period).
Monday ორშაბათი (orshabati)
Tuesday სამშაბათი (samshabati)
Wednesday ოთხშაბათი (otkhshabati)
Thursday ხუთშაბათი (hutshabati)
Friday პარასკევი (paraskavi)
Saturday შაბათი (Shabati)
Sunday კვირა (queer)
Yes and no
If you agree that the Georgian language is not that difficult, then we suggest learning frequently used phrases and words. By the way, you can agree in Georgian in several ways, namely you can say:
Diah (დიახ) – literary and respectful yes.
Ki (კი) – the usual yes, used most often.
Ho – (ჰო) informal yes, used in communication between close people.
Refusal is expressed in one word - ara (emphasis on the first A) (არა) - no.
People, relatives and who is bijo in Georgian
Before presenting you with a collection of the most commonly used Georgian words and phrases, we will provide translations of several words denoting relatives in Georgian. From our small list you will learn how mother and other close relatives speak Georgian.
Mom - grandfather (დედა), affectionately dadiko (დედიკო) mommy.
Dad - mom (მამა), affectionately mamiko (მამიკო) daddy.
Grandmother - bebia (ბებია), or baby (ბებო) granny.
Grandfather is babua (ბაბუა), or babu (ბაბუ) grandpa.
Brother - dzma (ძმა), affectionately zamiko (ძამიკო) little brother.
Sister - yes (და), affectionately daiko (დაიკო) little sister.
Husband – kmari (ქმარი)
Wife – tsoli (ცოლი)
What invariably surprises foreigners is the way older relatives address their children. So, if a child calls his mother, then he calls her grandfather. The mother, answering the child, also addresses, namely: the mother asks the child if he wants water, didiko tskhali ginda (დედიკო წყალი გინდა?) Literally translated as follows: mommy want water?
The same applies to grandparents addressing their grandchildren. Babo zgvaze ginda? (ბებო ზღვაზე გინდა?) Do you want to go to the sea, grandma? This is how a grandmother will address her grandson or granddaughter. Even any grandfather on the street will turn to a young man for help with the words: babu damehmare (ბაბუ დამეხმარე).
Here we will indicate how it will be friend in Georgian - pronounced megobari, written მეგობარი. However, keep in mind the following nuance if you address a friend in Russian: friend, help! Then in Georgian you need to change the ending and say megobaro damehmare! (მეგობარო დამეხმარე). Note that when addressed, the ending always changes to “o”.
In the Georgian language the word is often found bijo although this word cannot be found in the Russian-Georgian dictionary. In fact, this is the word “bichi” (boy), which is pronounced as an address or shout “bicho!” But at the same time, the word was transformed into the street slang address “bijo”.
What also amazes tourists is that in a Georgian family there is a clear understanding of which side you are related to, your mother’s or your father’s. You can say aunt in Georgian like this: deida, mamida, bitsola. Please note that Deyda (დეიდა) is mom’s sister, Mamida (მამიდა) is dad’s sister, and Bitsola (ბიცოლა) is the uncle’s wife (uncles on either side, either on mom’s or dad’s). And only uncle from all sides is simple - bidzia (ბიძია).
If you want to call out or call a girl (something like auntie), then you need to address her as deyda (დეიდა).
And a few more relatives often mentioned during conversations:
Daughter-in-law – rdzali (რძალი)
Son-in-law – sidze (სიძე).
Mother-in-law – dedamtili (დედამთილი)
Father-in-law - mamamtili (მამამთილი)
Mother-in-law – sidedre (სიდედრი)
Father-in-law – simamre (სიმამრი).
Boy - whips (ბიჭი)
Girl – gogo (გოგო)
The guy is ahalgazrda bichi (ახალგაზრდა ბიჭი)
Girl - kalishvili (ქალიშვილი)
Man – katsi (კაცი)
Woman - kali (ქალი)
Below is Russian-Georgian phrasebook , which contains more than 100 of the most common words and expressions in the Georgian language.
Russian-Georgian phrasebook
Next you will find a small translator from Georgian to Russian which we divided into two parts. The first part contains frequently used words that are difficult to translate in one word. In the second part there are Russian words, the meaning of which has been changed in Georgia. The third, largest, contains the most popular and most frequently used words.
The dictionary includes words that can often be heard on the street, but are difficult to find in the dictionary.
Baraka (ბარაქა) - wealth, material prosperity, different shapes material goods. Usually this is desired during toasts; in short, prosperity in everything.
Exchange (ბირჟა) - has nothing in common with other exchanges and is a mystical place in an area or city where guys, men or older people gather to communicate and discuss latest news and problems.
Genatsvale (გენაცვალე) is a person whom you love, respect and hug at the same time.
Dzveli bichi (ძველი ბიჭი) – literal translation “old boy”. This is a young male representative who rarely works, often hangs out at the stock exchange, lives by an unwritten code and is 100% confident in his coolness.
Jandaba (ჯანდაბა) - swearing, exclamation and expression of dissatisfaction, something like damn it. You can send a person there (tentatively he will end up in something between the underworld, hell and a hundred more terrible places).
Jigari (ჯიგარი) – admiration and praise. Usually an assessment of the properties of a male person, pronounced from the fullness of feelings, after performing some worthwhile action.
Mathichara (მეტიჩარა) is usually a show-off girl who makes faces, and her coquetry goes beyond the permitted boundaries. It can be addressed to a child with a smile and to an adult girl with disdain.
Supra gavshalot (სუფრა გავშალოთ) – let’s set the table and ah-da feast with a mountain. Exactly translated it sounds like “let’s open the table.”
Harahura (ხარახურა) is trash that is stored in: a garage, storage room, backyard or balcony. The trash is not suitable for business, but for some reason it is stored for many years in one of the above places.
Khatabala (ხათაბალა) is a process, an action or matter for which there is no end or edge in sight. Used in a negative sense, a task that requires strength, from someone pulling the cat by the tail.
Pehebze mkidiya (ფეხებზე მკიდია) – accurate translation“hanging on your feet” is a frequently used expression to show a disregard for something or someone (analogous to me not giving a damn).
Tsuchisopeli (წუთისოფელი) – literally “minute village” means the transience of life. Often pronounced with regret when there is nothing left to say.
Chichilaki (ჩიჩილაკი) is a Georgian Christmas tree, which is a stick with shavings that descend from the top.
Sheni chirime (შენი ჭირიმე) – literally “I will take your illness, pain or suffering upon myself.” Used from an excess of feelings with the meaning oh my good, my dear.
Shemogevle (შემოგევლე) - similar in meaning to sheni chirim.
Shemomechama (შემომეჭამა) - accidentally ate, in other words, ate without noticing how.
Words that have this meaning only in Georgia:
Rolling is a regular turtleneck or turtleneck sweater.
Chusts are house slippers.
Hairpins are clothespins.
Bambanerka is a rectangular box of chocolates.
Paste is an ordinary pen used to write at school.
Metlach - floor tiles, tile - wall tiles, both words are interchangeable.
If you carefully read the article, then you know that the Georgian language has no gender, therefore it is beautiful th and handsome and I will sound the same.
Based on this, we offer a small selection of compliments that can be said to a woman and a man:
Expressing feelings and compliments in Georgian
Compliments
Beautiful ლამაზი (lamazi)
Smart ჭკვიანი (chkviani)
Good კარგი (hags)
Sweetheart ნაზი (nazi)
Anti-compliments
Ugly უშნო (ear)
Stupid სულელი (suleli)
Bad ცუდი (tsudi)
Angry ბოროტი (boroti)
Appeal
My dear ჩემო ძვირფასო (chemo dzvirpaso)
My handsome boy ჩემო ლამაზო (chemo lamazo)
My good ჩემო კარგო (something cargo)
My soul ჩემო სულო (chemi sulo)
My little darling ჩემო ოქრო (chemo okro)
My life ჩემო სიცოცხლე (chemo sitsotskhle)
My joy ჩემო სიხარულო (chemo sikharulo)
Phrases and words suitable for expressing your feelings
Love სიყვარული (sihvaruli)
I love you მე შენ მიყვარხარ (me shen mihvarhar)
I love უზომოდ მიყვარხარ (uzomod mikhvarhar) very much
I miss you მომენატრე (momenatre)
I dream about you მესიზმრები (masismrabi)
Kisses გკოცნი (gkotsni)
Kiss me მაკოცე (makotse)
Come to me, I'll kiss you
I really like you - შენ მე ძალიან მომწონხარ (sheng me dzalian momtsonkhar)
I will never leave you
I will always be with you სულ შენთან ვიქნები (sul shentan viknabi)
You are my life
You are the meaning of my life
Why Don `t you call? რატომ არ მირეკავ? (ratom ar mirekav?)
I'll wait დაგელოდები (dagelodebi)
I'm very sad without you
Come soon მალე ჩამოდი (male chamodi)
Don't write ნუ მწერ (well mtser)
Forget me დამივიწყე (damivitshe)
Don't call me again აღარ დამირეკო (agar damireko)
Now you know how to compliment a Georgian man and woman.
Acquaintance and meeting
Hello გამარჯობა (gamarjoba)
Hello გამარჯობათ (gamarjobat)
Reply to hello გაგიმარჯოს (gagimarjos)
See you, goodbye ნახვამდის (nahvamdis)
Bye კარგად (kargad)
Good morningდილა მშვიდობისა (dila mshvidobisa)
Good afternoon დღე მშვიდობისა (dge mshvidobisa)
Good evening საღამო მშვიდობისა (sagamo mshvidobisa)
Good night ძილი ნებისა (dzili nebisa)
Thank you madloba (მადლობა)
Thank you very much დიდი მადლობა (didi madloba)
Thank you გმადლობთ (gmadlobt)
Please, you're welcome არაფრის (arapris)
How are you როგორ ხარ? (rogor har?)
How are you? How are you? როგორ ხართ? (Rogor Hart?)
Fine. How are you? კარგად. თქვენ? (Kargad. Tkven?)
Thank you, good გმადლობთ, კარგად (gmadlobt, kargad)
Bad ცუდად (tsudad)
Sorry უკაცრავად (ukatsravad)
Excuse me ბოდიში (bodyshi)
What is your name? რა გქვია? (ra gkwia?)
My name is... მე მქვია... (me mkwia...)
I don't speak Georgian არ ვლაპარაკობ ქართულად (ar vlaparakob kartlad)
I don't know Georgian მე არ ვიცი ქართული (me ar vitsi kartuli)
In the store and restaurant
What is the price? რა ღირს? (ra girs?)
What it is? ეს რა არის? (es ra aris?)
Do you have... თქვენ გაქვთ... (tkven gakvt...)
I want მინდა (minda)
I don’t want არ მინდა (ar minda)
You can’t არ შეიძლება (ar sheidzleba)
A little bit ცოტა (sota)
A lot of ბევრი (bevri)
All ყველა (khvela)
How many? რამდენი? (ramdeni?)
Bring the bill to ანგარიში მოიტანეთ (angarishi moitanet)
Drinks and food:
Water წყალი (tskhali)
Juice წვენი (tsveni)
Coffee ყავა (hava)
Tea ჩაი (teas)
Wine ღვინო (guino)
Fruits ხილი (hili)
Nuts თხილი (thili)
Walnuts ნიგოზი (nigozi)
Ice cream ნაყინი (nahini)
Honey თაფლი (tapli)
Salt მარილი (pickled)
Pepper პილპილი (pilpili)
Bread პური (puri)
Meat ხორცი (khortsi)
Cheese ყველი (khveli)
Shish kebab მწვადი (mtsvadi)
Greens მწვანილი (mtsvanili)
Breakfast საუზმე (sauzme)
Lunch სადილი (seated)
Dinner ვახშამი (Vakhshami)
Colors and wardrobe items
Black შავი (shawi)
White თეთრი (tetri)
Blue ლურჯი (lurji)
Red წითელი (tsiteli)
Yellow ყვითელი (khviteli)
Green მწვანე (mtsvane)
Pink ვარდისფერი (vardisperi)
Orange ნარინჯისფერი (narinjisperi)
Dress კაბა (kaba)
Skirt ქვედატანი (kvedatani)
Trousers შარვალი (sharvali)
Socks წინდები (tsindebi)
Location
Left მარცხენა (martskhena)
Right მარჯვენა (marjvena)
Straight პირდაპირ (pirdapir)
Up ზემოთ (zemot)
Down ქვემოთ (kvemot)
Far შორს (shores)
Close ახლოს (ahlos)
Card რუკა (emphasis on y) (hand)
Where…? სად არის? (garden aris...?)
What time is it now? რომელი საათია? (Romeli Saathia?)
What's the address? რა მისამართია? (ra misamartia?)
Where is the hotel? სადარის სასტუმრო? (sad aris sastumro?)
Railway station რკინიგზის ვაგზალი (rkinigzis vagzali)
Airport აეროპორტი (airport)
Port პორტი (porti)
Taxi ტაქსი (taxi)
Bus ავტობუსი (buses)
Area მოედანი (moedani)
We sincerely hope that the article answered all your questions and now you can understand what Georgians are saying, and also feel free to enter into a conversation with them. We tried to cover various topics of conversation that tourists in Georgia may have. They taught you not only literary speech, but also introduced you to frequently used slang expressions. If you still have questions, ask them in the comments. We will try to answer everyone.
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Georgian language (ქართული ენა kartuli ena) - official official language Georgia. Belongs to the Kartvelian group. One of the most ancient living languages on earth - appeared in the 3rd century AD.
What do you need to know when going to Georgia? Most Georgians over 30 know Russian. Young people, as a rule, know English. In Adjara (Batumi), the majority understands Turkish. But in small towns and villages people communicate only in Georgian. This is where the Russian-Georgian phrasebook, which is given at the end of the article, will come in handy.
Features of the Georgian language
In the modern Georgian alphabet 33 letters- 5 vowels and 28 consonants. This is the only alphabet in the world in which one sound corresponds to one letter and vice versa.
Pronounced accents not in Georgian. However, there is a conditional rule. In disyllabic words, the stress is usually on the first syllable, in polysyllabic words - on the third syllable from the end.
In Georgian no birth. In Georgian writing no capital letters.
Georgian language very beautiful. And Georgian polyphony is recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece cultural heritage. In 1977 two spaceship Voyager set off to explore space. On board is a message from humanity to extraterrestrial civilizations. Among the great works - Chakrulo song:
Georgian dialects
There are several Kartvelian languages: actually common Georgian - literary (Kartuli ena), Svan (Lushnu Nin), Mingrelian (Margalur Nina), Laz (Lazuri Nena).
The Georgian language includes several dialects, the differences between which are insignificant: Kartlian, Kakheti, Imeretian, Gurian, Pshavian, Racha, Adjarian, Khevsurian, Tushian, etc.
Interesting facts about the Georgian language
- The modern Georgian alphabet “Mkhedruli” was created in the 10th century, and in the 60s of the 19th century Ilya Chavchavadze carried out a reform and reduced the number of letters in the alphabet to 33, removing five archaic and practically unused letters from it.
- The first surviving monument of Georgian literature, “The Martyrdom of Shushanik” by Yakov Tsurtaveli. Written between 475-484.
- 1709 - printing began in Georgia.
- Some familiar words were significantly influenced by the warlike past of the people. For example, gamarjoba= hello comes from a wish for victory. Reply gagimajos= victory for you. Good morning literally means “peaceful morning” ( dilamshvidobisa).
- Georgian numerals up to 20 are based on the decimal number system, and from 20 to 100 on the 20 number system. For example, the number 35 is translated as “twenty and fifteen.”
| Number | Translation | Formation principle |
| 10 | ati | — |
| 20 | oci | — |
| 30 | otsdaati | 20 and 10 |
| 40 | ormotsi | 2 times 20 |
| 50 | ormotsdaati | 2 times 20 and 10 |
| 60 | samotsi | 3 times 20 |
| 70 | self-cide | 3 times 20 and 10 |
| 80 | otkhmotsi | 4 times 20 |
| 90 | otkhmotsdaati | 4 times 20 and 10 |
| 100 | asi | — |
- Under the USSR in Georgia, the Georgian language had the status of the state language.
- In ancient Georgian, “juga” means “steel”. Therefore, Joseph Dzhugashvili got the pseudonym Stalin. In fact, this is a direct translation of the surname into Russian.
- The Guinness Book of Records includes the word " gvprtskvnis"(he cleanses us, he removes the husks from us). This word has 8 consonants in a row.
- There is a version that the word wine (vine, wine,) comes from the Georgian gvino(ღვინო). Which, in turn, goes back to the verb “ Gwivili"(ღვივილი) - bloom, bring to a boil, ferment). Georgian word " Dagwinda" means the end of the wine fermentation process. The same can be said about a person: “dagvinda bichi” means a mature young man. This is not surprising, because the tradition of winemaking originated in Georgia back in the 6th millennium BC.
- In Danelia’s film “Kin-dza-dza!” the characters speak the Chatlan-Patsak language. And it was created on the basis of Georgian. Famous " ku"in Georgian means "turtle". Gravitsapa comes from the Georgian expression “ ra vitsi aba« - “Who knows!” Pepelats generally takes on a very romantic flair, because ashes in Georgian it means “butterfly”. And etsikh comes from Georgian tsikhe- jail.
Russian - Georgian phrasebook with pronunciation
If you want to know how to say thank you in Georgian, see our dictionary.
| Yes | ho (colloquial), ki (neutral), diah (respectful) |
| No | macaw |
| Thank you | madloba |
| Thanks a lot | didi madloba |
| My pleasure | arapris |
| I'm sorry | ukatsravat (if you ask for directions) |
| Sorry | bodyshi (if someone is accidentally pushed) |
| Hello | gamarjoba |
| return greeting | Gagimarjos |
| Goodbye | nahvamdis |
| bye (friendly farewell) | kargad |
| Do you speak Russian? | tkven laparakobt rusulad? |
| I | meh |
| You | sheng |
| We | chwen |
| You | tkven |
| They | isini |
| How are you? | Rogor Hart? |
| Fine. How are you? | kargad. Tkwan? |
| what is your name? | ra gquiat? |
| sir (polite address) | loaf |
| madam (polite address) | calbatono |
| Fine | kargad |
| Badly | tsudad |
| mother | grandfather |
| father | Mother |
| son | Vazhishvili |
| daughter | Kalishvili |
| wife | tsoli, meugle (spouse) |
| husband | kmari, meugle (husband) |
| Friend | megobari (friend), genatsvale (literally - I am for you, used as a form of address), dzmakatsi (close friend, brother-in-arms), akhlobeli (buddy) |
| Cool! | Magrad! |
| Very good! | dzalian kargad! |
| so-so! | ara mishavs! |
| ok, good | hags |
| My name is … | me var... |
| meet my friend | gaitsanite chemi megabari |
| with pleasure | Siamovnebit |
| come in! | shemobrdzandit! |
| sit down! | dabrzandit! |
| I agree | tanakhma var |
| Certainly | ra tkma unda |
| Right | scoria |
| Very good | dzalian kargad |
| Everything is fine | kwelaperi rigzea |
| can I ask you? | sheizleba gthovot? |
| I beg you very much! | dzalian gthowt! |
| can I come in? | sheidzleba shemovide? |
| can I smoke? | sheidzleba movzio? |
| this is too much! | es ukwe nametania! |
| horror! | Sashinelebaa! |
| Weird! | utsnauria! |
| Sorry, I'm in a hurry! | ukatsravad, mechkareba! |
| What would you like? | ra gnebavt? |
| Nothing! | araperi! |
| I want to see the city | Minda Kalakis Datvaliereba |
| You are very kind | tkven dzalian tavaziani brdzandebit |
| in no case! | aravitar shemthvevasi! |
| it is forbidden! | ar sheidzleba! |
| I don't think | aramgonia |
| Don't want! | ar minda! |
| you are wrong! | tkven is debiting! |
| I am very happy! | dzalian miharia! |
| How much does it cost? | ra hirs? |
| what it is? | es ra aris? |
| I will buy it | me amas wikidi |
| you have… | twain gaakvt...? |
| open | hiaa |
| closed | daketilia |
| a little, little | price |
| a little | tsotati |
| a lot of | bevri |
| All | khvela |
| bread | puri |
| drink | sasmeli, dasalebi (alcohol) |
| coffee | kava |
| tea | teas |
| juice | tsveni |
| water | tskkhali |
| wine | gvino |
| meat | khortsi |
| salt | Marili |
| pepper | pilpili |
| Where…? | garden aris...? |
| how much does the ticket cost? | tickets ra ghirs? |
| train | matarebeli (from tareb - to lead) |
| metro | metro |
| airport | airports |
| railway station | rkinigzis sadguri |
| bus station | autosadguri |
| departure | gasvla |
| arrival | Chamosvla |
| hotel | sastumro |
| room | otahi |
| passport | passports |
| left | Marchniv |
| right | Marjniv |
| directly | pirdapir |
| up | zemot |
| down | quamot |
| far | shores |
| close | akhlos |
| map | hand |
| post | |
| museum | museumumi |
| bank | banks |
| police | police |
| hospital | saavadmkhopo, first aid stations |
| pharmacy | Aptiaki |
| shop | shop |
| restaurant | restaurants |
| church | eklesia |
| Street | a bunch |
| young woman | gogon |
| young man | ahalgazrdav |
date and time
| what time is it now? | Romeli Saathia? |
| day | dghe |
| a week | queer |
| month | TVE |
| year | goals |
| Monday | orshabati |
| Tuesday | Samshabati |
| Wednesday | otkhshabati |
| Thursday | hutshabati |
| Friday | paraskavi |
| Saturday | Shabbat |
| Sunday | queer |
| winter | zamtari |
| spring | gazaphuli |
| summer | got sick |
| autumn | shemodgoma |
Numerals
| 1 | erty |
| 2 | ori |
| 3 | themselves |
| 4 | otkhi |
| 5 | Houthis |
| 6 | eqsi |
| 7 | Shvidi |
| 8 | ditch |
| 9 | tshra |
| 10 | ati |
| 11 | termeti |
| 12 | tormeti |
| 13 | tsameti |
| 14 | tokhmeti |
| 15 | thutmeti |
| 16 | tekvsmeti |
| 17 | tsvidmeti |
| 18 | tvrameti |
| 19 | Tskhrameti |
| 20 | otsi |
| 30 | otsdaati |
| 40 | ormotsi |
| 50 | ormotsdaati |
| 100 | ac |
Recipe for beef tongue in Georgian style
- In many large restaurants in the world, beef tongue, or rather dishes prepared from it, are the greatest delicacy. IN in capable hands The chef turns an ordinary beef tongue into another culinary masterpiece with its own unique taste and aroma. Often such dishes are incredibly expensive, but this is PRESTIGE. We cannot judge people’s tastes and their preferences for various world cuisines, but we are absolutely sure that this Caucasian dish made from beef tongue will not leave hundreds of thousands of people indifferent, especially since it uses cooking techniques from the world famous Georgian cuisine. We meet and get acquainted with the most delicious dish - Georgian beef tongue
- To prepare beef tongue in Georgian style, it is best to use only fresh and “immaculate” product. The tongue must be fresh, not frozen, otherwise this unique product will lose its true taste, which is unacceptable in Caucasian cuisine. The dish will turn out dry, tasteless, as they say - “soulless”
- This whole epic begins with the preparation of beef tongue, or rather, with its boiling. First of all, the tongue is scraped out with a sharp knife under the pressure of cold water, and all unnecessary pieces are removed. Do this in several approaches. Difficult? Do you want to surprise your guests? Let's continue. Place the cleaned beef tongue on the bottom of the pan, fill it with cold water, lightly salt it, and put it on high heat. Cook until water boils
- As soon as the water boils, carefully and thoroughly remove the foam, excess fat and other debris from the top of the pan. Reduce the heat and cook until the tongue is completely cooked. Looking ahead, let's say that usually the tongue is cooked for about 1 - 1.5, it all depends on its weight, in this case, boil for 1.5 hours. While the tongue is cooking, we have free time. You can do a lot in an hour and a half - some feed their pets, who, hearing the smell of meat, run to the kitchen, others correspond online, others call family, friends, and relatives. Some people prefer to watch the trailer of new films or watch their favorite film in full on Megogo.net. More experienced housewives read the recipe further, wash dirty dishes and prepare other products for preparing Georgian beef tongue
- An hour and a half - we immediately begin to peel such products as: all onions, carrots, garlic, celery root. Peel the walnuts and grind them in a blender. We peel the mushrooms and wash them, place them in a colander and let the excess moisture drain. Fresh fragrant greens of dill and parsley (parsley can be replaced with cilantro) are sorted, cut off the hard stem, leave the juicy tops of the branches and rinse under running cold water, place in a colander, allowing excess moisture to drain. Products are ready for further use
- While we were preparing the products for our Georgian dish, 40 - 60 minutes passed. Let's return to the beef tongue. 30 minutes before it is completely ready, we will add the following products to boiling water in a saucepan. One carrot, onion, celery root is cut into two parts and added to the beef tongue, and to completely kill the excess smell and add additional flavor to the dish, throw in a bay leaf. Now the dressing is ready and cook the tongue until fully cooked. All that's left to do is wait
- 30 - 40 minutes passed. The tongue is ready. We remove the tongue into an iron sieve and place it under the pressure of cold running water. This is necessary so that the skin on the beef tongue can be easily removed. Remove the skin and cut into slices. We don’t pour out the broth - leave 200 grams, pour out the rest, along with the vegetables. Let the finished tongue cool while we move on to the remaining processed foods
- Preheat the oven before moving on to the next step. Heating should be in the range from 150 to 170 degrees
- Cut the remaining onions into thin half rings. Greens – finely chop. Mushrooms - cut into plates or slices. Garlic - grate on a very fine grater. Mix grated garlic and ground walnuts in one cup. Then, using a rolling pin, crush the nuts and garlic in a bowl. The mass should be homogeneous and without large lumps. Walnut oil and garlic juice should be mixed. Add sour cream to the mixture, the broth in which the tongue was cooked, salt and pepper. Mix again with a spoon, fork or blender. The mass should be homogeneous, and most importantly, the aroma of which should make your head spin. Cover tightly with a lid
- Let's continue. Take a non-stick frying pan, preferably deeper. Pour vegetable oil into it. Heat almost to a boil and add onions. Fry over medium heat, without letting it burn, until golden brown. Mushrooms follow. Fry the mushrooms and onions for about 3 - 4 minutes. Hey! Stir constantly! It may burn!
- The most crucial moment is coming. Take a baking dish. The bottom of the mold can be greased with vegetable oil if you are not confident in it or in yourself. Layer a layer of sliced boiled beef tongue. Cover the tongue with fried mushrooms and onions, add all the juice in which they were fried. Fill, grease, cover with nut-sour cream sauce, prepared a little earlier. Place in the oven and simmer. To make the beef tongue juicy and fragrant, the simmering process will take from 30 to 40 minutes
- Unsurpassed Georgian beef tongue is ready. Remove from the oven and immediately place on plates. My mouth is watering. The beef tongue turned out to be unusually tender, it absorbed all the charm of fragrant herbs, it was slightly spicy, but that was its charm. Serve this dish with fresh bread. Sweet and sour Caucasian sauce will only emphasize his individuality, and a bottle of light wine will make this evening very romantic. Georgians know how to win the hearts of people through their playfully tender, spicy, unsurpassed, moderately piquant Georgian national cuisine