IN modern Russia The problem of organizing health-saving training and education has acquired particular relevance.
The World Health Organization defines health as “a state of physical, mental and social well-being.” Thus, the concept of “health” has elements of physical, emotional, intellectual, social and spiritual aspects.
Figure 1. Model of student health formation
It is not easy for an applicant who has become a student to get used to and adapt to the new mode of life in an educational institution. New mode educational activities, changes in diet and physical activity, the need to study more educational material– all this negatively affects the student’s health.
In this regard, there is a need to apply the fundamentals of health-saving pedagogy.
Health-saving pedagogy is, first of all, the readiness and certain ability of an educational institution to provide high level educational activities without serious damage to the health of participants in the educational process. Health-saving technologies in education are a systematically organized set of programs, techniques, and methods for organizing educational processes that do not harm the health of its subjects.
Health-saving educational technologies– a qualitative characteristic of any educational technology, its “health safety certificate”, this is a set of techniques, principles and methods of pedagogical work that complement traditional technologies of training, education and development with health-saving tasks.
Based challenges health conservation, all pedagogical technologies in this direction are divided into 3 groups:
1) technologies that most seriously harm the health of students and teachers. This category includes the traditional, classroom-based teaching technology developed by Ya. A. Komensky; technologies that are characterized by an exaggerated overload of the educational process and the active use of authoritarian pedagogy also fit here.
2) technologies in which the priority is the process of preserving and strengthening the health of participants in the educational process. It is these technologies that are called health-saving.
3) all other pedagogical technologies, which are the largest group of technologies, cannot be clearly qualified and judged about their impact on the health of subjects of the educational process. To classify them into the other two groups, it is necessary to analyze and study them, as well as evaluate their results in terms of the impact on the health of students and teachers.
The goal of any educational technology is to achieve a certain pedagogical result in the processes of training, education, development. Health preservation in modern pedagogy cannot act as the only, main goal of the educational process. Health preservation is only a condition, one of the tasks of achieving the main educational goal.
The following types of educational technologies can be distinguished:
– health-improving (proper physical training, physiotherapy, hardening, gymnastics, herbal medicine, aromatherapy, art therapy, massage);
– health-saving (establishing a regime healthy eating, development of physical activity, vaccinations as a preventive measure)
– technologies of education and health development (inclusion of relevant topics about physical development in subjects of general professional and professional cycles);
– fostering a proper culture of health (additional classes on the formation and development of students’ personalities, various educational events, competitions and festivals, etc.).
Health-saving educational technologies should ensure the constant development of the individual, his natural abilities: intelligence, need for activity, moral and aesthetic feelings, mastering the experience of communicating with people, nature and art.
The goal of educational health-preserving technologies is to provide students with the opportunity to carry out processes of maintaining health during their studies at the university, the opportunity to develop the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities healthy image life, as well as providing opportunities for active participation in preventive activities, using acquired knowledge and competencies in everyday life.
The main components of innovative and health-saving technologies are:
1. The axiological component, manifested in students’ awareness of the special value of their health, the conviction of the need to lead a lifestyle that allows them to fully achieve their goals and use their physical and mental capabilities.
2. Health-preserving component, which includes a system of general attitudes and values that create a system of skills and abilities in the field of hygiene necessary for the natural functioning of the body, as well as a system of techniques and exercises aimed at improving skills and abilities in caring for oneself, clothing, place of residence, environment.
3. The epistemological component, associated with the daily acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for the process of health preservation, studying oneself, one’s abilities and capabilities, interest in issues of one’s health, studying the necessary literature, various areas for improving and strengthening one’s body.
4. The emotional-volitional component, which includes the manifestation of psychological mechanisms - volitional and emotional. A necessary condition maintaining health and well-being are positive, favorable emotions and experiences, thanks to which a person develops and strengthens the desire to lead a healthy lifestyle.
5. Ecological component, taking into account environment, the fact that man as a biological species exists in conjunction with the natural environment, which provides the individual with specific biological, industrial and economic resources. Consideration natural environment as one of the prerequisites for human health as an individual, it allows us to introduce into the content of health-preserving education the formation of skills and abilities to adapt to surrounding environmental factors.
6. And finally, the physical education and health component, which presupposes mastery of certain methods of activity aimed at developing and increasing physical activity and preventing signs of physical inactivity. In addition, this component provides hardening of the body and an increase in adaptive capabilities. This component is aimed at mastering important personal life qualities that increase general and subjective performance, as well as personal and public hygiene skills.
One of the authors (O. E. Zimina) proposes for consideration a fundamental basic model of comprehensive work to preserve and promote health in higher educational institutions. This model consists of six blocks.
Block one is the infrastructure of educational institutions, creating a health-preserving environment. The block includes the following components:
Material and technical equipment of gyms necessary equipment and inventory in accordance with educational standards HPE;
Availability and proper equipment of a medical office, provision of medical personnel;
Availability of a student canteen operating in a convenient mode in accordance with all GOST requirements;
Organization of quality food;
Qualified teaching staff in the required quantity.
Overall responsibility and control over the implementation of this block lies with the university administration.
Block two - organization educational process. The block includes the following components:
Compliance with hygiene standards and requirements when organizing and controlling the volume of classroom and independent workload at all stages of training;
Using tested teaching methods that are appropriate to the age capabilities and characteristics of students;
The introduction of any innovative techniques only under the supervision of relevant specialists and regulatory authorities;
Strict compliance with all application requirements technical means in teaching (computer, audiovisual aids);
Rational organization of classes physical culture and activities of an active-motor nature;
Accounting individual characteristics the student’s body, work according to programs adapted to the individual.
The implementation of this block will create conditions for increasing the efficiency of the educational process.
Block three – organization of physical education and health activities. The block includes the following components:
Full and effective work in physical education classes, sections,
Creating conditions for the work of sports sections;
Regular sports and recreational activities.
Properly organized physical education and health work will become the basis for organizing the students’ motor regime, contribute to the effective physical development of students, and will increase the adaptive capabilities of the body.
Block four – organization of systematic preventive, methodological and educational work with teaching staff to improve the qualifications of university employees. The block includes the following components:
Classes (lectures, seminars, consultations, courses) on health issues;
Distribution of scientific and methodological literature on a healthy lifestyle;
Block five – dynamic monitoring of the student’s health status. The block includes the following components:
Regular analysis in the relevant structures educational institution students' health status;
Creation of a comprehensive system of pedagogical, psychological and social assistance to students;
Involving qualified medical workers in the implementation of all stages of work to preserve and strengthen the health of university students.
When implementing these blocks, the following possible risks may arise:
1. Complete absence or lack of formation of the desire for improvement among individual teaching staff professional culture on health issues.
2. Low self-esteem of the teacher’s personality, including personal anxiety, self-doubt, and negative self-perception.
3. Incompetence of administration representatives in the application of health-saving pedagogical technologies.
A student spends most of his time within the walls of an educational institution, so it is within these walls that he needs to create a favorable health-preserving environment. Throughout the entire period of study, students should develop an attitude towards a correct, healthy lifestyle and lifestyle, physical self-improvement and the need for regular and stable physical education and sports.
Bibliography:
- Artamonova, L. L. Therapeutic and adaptive-health-improving physical culture [Text]: textbook / L. L. Artamonova, O. P. Panfilov, V. V. Borisova. –M.: Vlados-Press, 2010. – 389 p.
- Gonzalez, S. E. Variability of the content of students’ classes in the discipline “Physical Culture” [Text]: monograph / S. E. Gonzalez - M.: RUDN University, 2013. - 196 p.
- Zaraeva, E. A. Health-saving technologies in vocational pedagogical education [Text]: textbook / E. A. Garaeva – Orenburg: Orenburg State University, EBS DIA, 2013. – 175 p.
- Zakharova, E. V. Physical culture [Text]: textbook / E. V. Sakharova, R. A. Derina, O. I. Kharitonova. – Volgograd, Saratov: Volgograd Institute of Business, University Education, 2013. – 94 p.
- Innovative aspects of physical culture and sports. Issue 6 [Electronic resource]: collection of materials from the scientific and practical conference of MGSU (June 20-21, 2013, Moscow) / O. V. Borisova [etc.]. -Electron. text data. –M.: Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, EBS ASV, 2013. – 272 p.
- Kuzmenko, G. A. Physical culture and optimization of the sports training process. Organizational culture of the personality of a young athlete [Text]: program elective course for main general education/ G. A. Kuzmenko, K. M. Essebbar - M.: Prometheus, 2013. - 140 p.
- Physical culture and health-saving technologies in educational process[Text]: materials of the Regional scientific and methodological seminar “Physical culture and health-saving technologies in the educational process” (March 25, 2015) / R. R. Abdullin [etc.]. – Komsomolsk-on-Amur: Amur Humanitarian and Pedagogical State University, 2015. – 164 p.
Good afternoon, dear colleagues!
The topic of our seminar: “Modern innovative health-saving technologies in the educational process of preschool educational institutions”/ slide 1.2/
Our kindergarten is one of the largest kindergartens preschool education Lipetsk. There are 16 groups in the kindergarten, of which 13 are preschool groups and 3 are early age groups. On average, 440 pupils attend our kindergarten every year./ slide 3/
Since the direction of physical culture and health improvement is a priority for our d/s, the main task of the team’s work at this stage is:
Understanding the accumulated experience in preserving and strengthening children’s health;
Assessing its effectiveness and modernizing the content of physical education and health technologies, through the formation in children of a creator’s position in relation to their health and the health of others;
The need to overcome highly specialized approaches in organizing health-improving activities and physical education through the use of innovative health-saving technologies ;/slide 4/
Work on children's health preschool age The team is built on the following principles:
Systematic and consistent implementation of health-saving technologies;
Consciousness and activity of each subject of the educational process (children, teachers, parents);
Continuity of the health-saving process;
Accessibility of technology to children;
Taking into account the individual and age characteristics of each child; /slide 5/
We have developed such health rules:
Compliance with the regime, more movement, proper nutrition, as many positive emotions as possible, away from despondency and melancholy, wishing only good things to yourself and others!//slide 6/
All health-saving technologies in preschool education can be divided into the following types:
Medical and preventive;
Health-saving educational technologies in kindergarten.
Technologies for ensuring the social and psychological well-being of the child;
Health preservation and health enrichment for teachers;
Physical education and health technologies;
Valueological education of parents; /slide 7/
I suggest you consider each type of health-saving
technologies.
Medical and preventive technologies or as they are also called therapeutic and preventive- these are technologies that ensure the preservation and enhancement of children’s health under the guidance of medical personnel of preschool educational institutions in accordance with medical requirements and standards, using medical supplies. These include the following technologies:
Organization of health monitoring of preschool children;
Determining the optimal load on a child, taking into account age and individual characteristics;
Organization and control of children's nutrition;
Organization and control of physical development and hardening of preschool children;
Organization of preventive measures;
Organization of control and assistance in ensuring the requirements of SaNPiN;
Organization of a health-preserving environment in preschool educational institutions ./ slide 8/
Health-saving educational technologies- This
First of all, technologies for educating a valeological culture or a culture of health for preschoolers.
One of the principles of such technologies is taking into account the child’s personal characteristics, the individual logic of his development, taking into account children’s interests and preferences in the content and types of activities during development and upbringing. Building a pedagogical process with a focus on the child’s personality naturally contributes to his prosperous existence, and therefore his health. ./slide 9/
Technologies for providing social and psychological
well-being child – technologies that ensure the psychological and social health of a child – a preschooler. In our kindergarten, the main task is to ensure emotional comfort and positive psychological well-being of the child, in the process of communicating with peers and adults in the kindergarten and family, ensuring the social and emotional well-being of the preschooler. The implementation of these technologies is carried out by a teacher-psychologist through specially organized classes with children, as well as teachers and preschool education specialists in pedagogical process DOW. This type of technology includes technologies for psychological and psychological-pedagogical support of child development in the pedagogical process of preschool educational institutions. /slide 10/
Technologies for health conservation and health enrichment
preschool teachers - technologies aimed at developing a culture of health for kindergarten teachers, including a culture of professional health, and developing the need for a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of these technologies is to ensure valeology education for teachers and parents ./slide 11/
Technologies for valeological education of parents– folders – movements, stand information, conversations, joint events, etc. /slide 12/
And the most basic and important type of all health-saving technologies is
5. Physical education and health technologies, which are directly aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the child’s health:
Development of physical qualities;
Motor activity and the formation of physical culture in preschool children;
Hardening;
Wellness treatments in an aquatic environment (swimming pool);
Cultivating the habit of daily physical activity and taking care of health, etc. ./ slide 13/
The implementation of these technologies is carried out by physical education instructors and teachers in specially organized forms of health-improving work in kindergartens. Certain techniques of these technologies are widely used by educators in various forms of organizing the educational process: in direct educational activities, walks, in routine moments, in joint and independent activity adult and children.
We base all work on the implementation of health-saving technologies on the basis of:
Medical indications and distribution of children by health groups. In the 2011/12 school year, children are distributed by health group in the following way /slide 14/:
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Amount of children |
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Analysis of the basic mental processes (memory, thinking, imagination, perception) of children of senior preschool age (176 children) according to a diagnostic examination of a teacher-psychologist of a preschool educational institution /slide 15/
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Level |
Development mental processes |
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Memory |
Perception |
Attention |
Thinking |
|||||
|
auditory |
visual |
holistic |
sustainable |
Not sustainable |
Visually figurative |
logical |
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The level of physical fitness of children according to the monitoring data of a physical education instructor /slide 16/
|
Amount of children |
|||
Based on these indications, there is a need to introduce health-saving technologies of various types into the work system.
The question of ways to improve the work to promote health, develop movements and physical development of children is constantly monitored and organized in such a way that it
Ensures the harmonious development of each child
It helped him use the reserves of his body to preserve and strengthen his health.
Introduced children and parents to physical education and a healthy lifestyle. / slide 17/
All innovative physical education and health technologies can be divided into three categories:
Technologies for teaching a healthy lifestyle.
Technologies for preserving and promoting health.
Corrective technologies /slide 18/
Technologies for teaching healthy lifestyles
I will list those health-saving technologies that have already been introduced into the practice of every kindergarten. These include:
Direct educational activities in the field of “Physical Education”- an organized form of physical development. Conducted by a physical education instructor in all groups in accordance with the requirements of the program, in different forms: gaming, subgroup, individual, training, competitive, etc.
Direct educational activities in the field of “Health”- activities to familiarize children with their bodies, creating the prerequisites for taking care of their own health. Conducted by a teacher, physical education instructor. Health is an integrated form of working with such types of activities, like physical education, basics life safety, valeology.
Sports entertainment, holidays.
Morning exercises./slide 19.20/
Wellness work in the pool - Swimming classes occupy a special place in the physical development, development and health promotion of preschool children. Swimming helps develop physical qualities and the ability to prevent dangerous situations on the water. Regular swimming lessons have a positive effect on hardening the child’s body and improves adaptation to the aquatic environment. Water has a strong healing effect. In our work, we use elements of water aerobics, synchronized swimming, and a gender approach in teaching children to swim. There is a section “Dancing on the water”. /slide 21,22,23/
We also use other technologies in our work, which we will discuss in more detail.
Gymnastics DO-YIN – sets of movements for muscles and joints with elements of self-massage with a pronounced tonic effect. Used by a physical education instructor in direct educational activities in physical education with older preschoolers ./slide 24.25/
Wellness technology “BF-health – learning and getting healthier” - This technology is aimed at increasing the resistance of the body of preschool children to colds, improving psycho-emotional state child, improvement of attention and memory, development of functions necessary for further learning, such as organization of activities, general intellectual development, visual-spatial perception, hand-eye coordination.
Using the example of the health technology “BFB – Health”, we will tell you about the stages of implementation of all innovative health-saving technologies in our d/s. /slide 26/
Health classes, That's what we called them - the most modern health technology (using computers), which is used to teach children health skills. The purpose of such classes– developing children’s skills of proper breathing ./slide 27/
This technology is partially used in our kindergarten, in correctional (speech therapy) groups, since there are a small number of children in them, in classes with a speech therapist for development speech breathing and in physical education classes. The acquisition of expensive equipment for the full use of this technology is currently not considered possible.
In 2010, on the basis of experimental activities, this health technology was introduced into the pedagogical process of our preschool institution.
Experiment idea is that as a result of the use of health-saving technology in the practice of preschool educational institutions using the biofeedback method (BFB), children develop positive social experience, develop value orientations children for a healthy lifestyle, improvement of the body and reduction of morbidity, improvement of psycho-emotional state ./slide 28/
In the process of implementing this health technology main and main task is to preserve and strengthen the health of children by developing in them the skill of diaphragmatic-relaxation breathing, since diaphragmatic breathing, i.e. “effortless” or relaxation breathing is natural and physiologically the most optimal for the human body. /slide 29/
Based on diagnostic indicators of psychophysical state
children at the beginning school year We formed a group of children of senior preschool age with 2 and 1 medical health groups in the amount of 12 people. Group 1 - healthy children, Group 2 - children with minor health problems, such as caries, ENT diseases, gastrointestinal tract diseases, etc., i.e. children who do not have serious deviations, but are being observed by a doctor;
We divided the holistic learning process into 4 stages.
Anna Ivanovna Yakubenko
Implementation of health-saving innovative technologies in the educational process for the quality development of preschool children
Yakubenko A. I.
Physical education instructor
Care about health- This most important work teacher
From the cheerfulness and vigor of children
depends on their spiritual life, worldview,
mental development,
strength of knowledge, self-confidence.
V. A. Sukhomlinsky
Process reorganization of the entire system education preschool innovative preschool education, How initial stage revealing the potential abilities of the child and cannot be carried out without developing innovative technologies and their application in practice.
Health- This is an invaluable asset not only for an individual, but also for the country as a whole. According to the World Health Organization, health a person is only 10% dependent on the healthcare system, 40% on the environment and 50% on lifestyle, which is formed by the person himself.
Educational the environment is rightly considered an ideal channel for promoting health. Health-saving potential of educational environment is determined by the creation of favorable conditions for the child to master physical, psychological and spiritual culture.
Purpose health-saving technologies in preschool education is to ensure a high level real health pupil kindergarten and education of valeological culture, as the totality of the child’s conscious attitude towards human health and life, knowledge about health and skills to protect, support and preserve it. Nurturing valelogical competence, allowing preschooler solve problems independently and effectively healthy image life and safe behavior. Tasks related to the provision of basic medical, psychological self-help and assistance.
Educational and health-improving orientation of the educational process involves the use of traditional health-saving technologies, such How:
Complexes of various hardening activities (contrast foot baths, rubbing, washing with cold and cool water, walking along paths health, walking barefoot, maximum exposure of children to the fresh air, biological massage active points on the hands and feet);
Morning exercises in the fresh air, physical education classes, innovative technologies health improvement and prevention(massagers, tactile paths, rhythmoplasty) ;
Gymnastics after sleep; - breathing exercises;
Physical education sessions conducted directly educational activities in dynamic pose mode;
Finger exercises, eye exercises;
and others recreational activities .
Process reorganization of the entire system education places high demands on the organization preschool education and training, stimulates the search for new, innovative psychological and pedagogical approaches. On modern stage development of society these processes primarily affect the system preschool education, as the initial stage of revealing the child’s potential abilities and cannot be carried out without the use innovative technologies and their application in practice.
We teach children self-massage techniques using playful, story-based motivation and poetry. For example: “Pinocchio draws a flower, a Christmas tree, the sun”(massage of the cervical vertebrae - bending, rotating the head, "Rails, rails, sleepers, sleepers..."(massage backs: movements of fingers on the back in accordance with the text). In particular, ear massage (auricular massage) and nasal massage is useful for improving the functioning of the respiratory system and protecting the body from colds. Intense pressure on the fingertips stimulates blood flow to the hands. This promotes psycho-emotional stability and physical health.
With the aim of preschool children's health improvement and increasing their activity, educational the activity is carried out in a dynamic posture mode - periodic change of posture "sitting" on "standing". Duration "dynamic" the pose can be increased at the child's request, for example, when throwing a ball to each other.
good health A child is determined by his ability to work, the ability to easily assimilate what he is taught, to be friendly in communicating with peers, and to be able to manage his behavior.
One of the popular types innovative technologies is interactive preschool education technology, interactive reception technologies"Round dance" promotes the formation of initial skills of voluntary behavior. The teacher, with the help of a ball or other object, teaches children to perform tasks one by one, thereby instilling in them such quality, like the ability to listen to answers and not interrupt each other. Interactive technology"Chain" helps students begin to develop the ability to work in a team. The basis of this technologies creates a consistent solution for each participant of one problem. IN quality tasks, we propose to collectively perform a relay race game, where everyone in turn contributes their element to the overall work. And interactive technology"Carousel" implemented for working in pairs. The teacher asks the children to agree with whom they would like to play in pairs, who will stand in the outer circle and who in the inner. For example, when completing tasks in a circle, children can move on massage mats.
Applying in health We do logorhythmic gymnastics to help the child relieve tension. After sitting for a long time, short-term physical exercise accompanied by music, causing stimulation of other parts of the brain, increases circulation and create favorable rest conditions for previously excited departments. After a short active rest, children’s attention increases and their perception of educational material improves.
Using elements health Hatha Yoga gymnastics. We strengthen health every child and his immunity, we increase the body’s resistance to various diseases. From the outside it may seem that children are simply running, jumping and playing, only for a while, taking static poses, using the name of the animal or object that the pose resembles, such How: "grasshopper", "crane", "onion", "cat". But experience in kindergarten shows that regular use of yoga elements helps the child become balanced and calm, learn to concentrate, corrects posture, and forms a strong and flexible body.
Color therapy is a color treatment method that has become very popular today. Even in ancient times, it was believed that exposure to color was not only capable of restoring mental balance, but was also a serious healing factor for numerous physical ailments.
IN last years There is a lot of talk about the impact of odors on humans; the best source of useful and harmonious odors are plants. For health improvement air in group rooms we grow plants such as myrtle, rosemary, asparagus. All flowers emit phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes; they give us irreplaceable oxygen and create the necessary psycho-emotional comfort.
Technology musical influence - maintenance health children using a combination of motor exercises with sound pronunciation or regular singing. IN process sound pronunciation and singing are strengthened vocal cords, immunity increases. They perfectly replace breathing exercises and relieve stress: For example: doing an exercise "geese"- children bend over, stretching their necks forward, and say "sh-sh-sh" while performing a spin with your hands, pronounce the sound "rrrr". Pronouncing or singing vowels sounds: For example: <А>– relieves any spasms, treats the heart and gall bladder;<И>– treats eyes, ears, small intestines, stimulates cardiac activity, “cleanses” the nose;<О>– revitalizes the activity of the pancreas, helps eliminate heart problems;<У>– improves breathing, stimulates and harmonizes kidney function, Bladder; <Ы>– heals ears, improves breathing;<Э>– improves brain function.
One of the techniques we use in health working with children is play stretching - this is special selected muscle stretching exercises performed in game form. Stretching exercises are imitative in nature and are performed at a slow, and therefore safe, rhythm. In organized physical education activities, 6 game stretching exercises are used. They selected to strengthen and stretch all muscle groups. For example, exercise "Sun"- helps to stretch the lateral muscles of the body, maintains the flexibility of the spine and the mobility of the hip joints. Exercise "The plane takes off"- strengthens the back muscles, develops mobility of the hip and shoulder joints. All of them are performed to music. While doing play stretching with children, it is observed that things that are close and understandable to children images of a fairy tale world, allow the child to easily perform difficult physical exercises.
Fitball - non-traditional equipment has a good healing effect. Strengthen the back and abdominal muscles, create a good muscle corset, develop coordination and a sense of balance, but most importantly, they form the skill of correct posture, which is difficult and long-term to develop under normal conditions. In addition, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are trained, endurance develops, mobility and flexibility of the spine increases.
Step aerobics is a set of various exercises varying in tempo and intensity, all muscles and joints work at the base, which involves rhythmic ascents and descents using a special platform - step. It is performed to rhythmic music and combined with movements various parts body (hands, head). Attracting with its emotionality and consonance with modern dances, step aerobics allows you to eliminate monotony in performing movements, supports the child’s well-being and vitality.
What are the advantages of step aerobics over regular aerobics? "Step" translated from in English means "step". Step aerobics does not require excessive concentration and concentration of thoughts on the correct assimilation of certain movements. All you need is to be able to move beautifully. Step aerobics is interesting and diverse, there are many elements of descent and ascent in the movements. As a result of systematic lessons, children receive harmonious developed body, excellent posture and develop beautiful, expressive and precise movements.
Applying in health work with preschoolers innovative technologies, We noticed that that children get sick less, their attention and mood have improved. Children have become more dexterous, resilient and strong.
So way, use in physical education health work of kindergarten traditional and innovative forms of work, hardening and a number of other non-medicinal means health improvement gives its positive results. They are focused on the individuality of the child and the needs of his family, and also ensure success at further stages education.
Lyudmila Azizova
Workshop: “Modern innovative health-saving technologies in the educational process of preschool educational institutions”
Concept “ health-saving educational technologies”appeared in the pedagogical lexicon in the last few years and is still perceived differently by many teachers. Why today health-saving direction to work of the preschool educational institution often seen as innovative! After all, in kindergartens, it would seem, always health were children given a lot of attention? Modern conditions require revision, revaluation of all components educational process. The key point of new thinking changes the essence and character process, placing it in the center - child health.
Health-saving technologies in preschool education - technologies aimed at solving a priority problem modern preschool education - the challenges of maintaining, maintenance and enrichment health subjects of pedagogical process in kindergarten: children, teachers and parents.
Target health-saving technologies in preschool education
in relation to a child – ensuring a high level of real health kindergarten pupil and the education of valeological culture as the totality of the child’s conscious attitude towards human health and life, knowledge about health and skills to protect, support and preserve it, valueological competence, allowing a preschooler to independently and effectively solve problems healthy image life and safe behavior, tasks related to the provision of basic medical, psychological self-help and assistance.
In relation to adults - promoting the formation of culture health health teachers of preschool educational institutions and valeological education of parents.
IN modern conditions, human development is impossible without building a system for forming it health. Choice health-saving pedagogical technologies depend:
From the type of preschool institution,
From the duration of the children's stay there,
From the program in which teachers work,
Specific conditions of the preschool educational institution,
Professional competence of the teacher,
Indicators children's health.
Highlight (in relation to preschool educational institutions) the following classification health-saving technologies:
1. medical and preventive (ensuring the preservation and increase health children under the guidance of medical personnel in accordance with medical requirements and standards, using medical supplies - technologies organization of monitoring health of preschool children, monitoring children's nutrition, preventive measures, health-preserving environment in preschool educational institutions);
2. physical education health(aimed at physical development and strengthening child health - technology development of physical qualities, hardening, breathing exercises, weeks health, formation of a group of groups, etc.);
3. ensuring the socio-psychological well-being of the child (ensuring mental and social health child and aimed at ensuring emotional comfort and positive psychological well-being of the child in process communication with peers and adults in kindergarten and family; technologies psychological and pedagogical support for child development in pedagogical DOW process);
4. health preservation and health enrichment for teachers(aimed at developing culture teachers' health, including professional culture health, to develop the need for healthy lifestyle; conservation and stimulation health(technology use of mobile and sports games, gymnastics (for the eyes, breathing, etc., rhythmoplasty, dynamic pauses, relaxation);
5. educational(culture education health of preschool children, personality-oriented education and training);
6. training healthy lifestyle(technologies the use of physical education classes, communicative games, a system of classes from the series "Football Lessons", problem games (play training, play therapy, self-massage); correctional (art therapy, technology musical influence, fairy tale therapy, psycho-gymnastics, etc.)
7. This includes pedagogical technology active sensory-developmental environment, which is understood as a systemic set and order of functioning of all personal instrumental and methodological means used to achieve pedagogical goals.
Used in combination health-saving technologies As a result, they form a strong motivation in the child to healthy lifestyle.
Only healthy the child is happy to participate in all types of activities, he is cheerful, optimistic, and open in communication with peers and teachers. This is the key to the successful development of all spheres of personality, all its properties and qualities.
Kinds health-saving pedagogical technologies
Rhythmoplasty
Dynamic pauses
(physical education minutes)
Outdoor and sports games
Relaxation
Technologies aesthetic orientation
Finger gymnastics
Gymnastics for the eyes
Breathing exercises
Awakening gymnastics
Health running
Self-massage
Technologies musical influence
Color influence technologies
Behavior correction technologies
Fairy tale therapy
Ten golden rules health saving:
Follow your daily routine!
Please contact more attention to nutrition!
Move more!
Sleep in a cool room!
Don’t extinguish your anger, let it break out!
Constantly engage in intellectual activity!
Drive away despondency and blues!
React adequately to all manifestations of your body!
Try to get as many positive emotions as possible!
Wish for yourself and those around you only of good!
PSYCHOLOGICAL TALES FOR CHILDREN
“HOW A BABY KANGURY BECAME INDEPENDENT.”
Age: 3-5 years
Focus: Fear of separation from mom, worries, anxiety associated with loneliness.
Key phrase: “Don’t go, I’m afraid alone.”
Once upon a time there lived a big mother Kangaroo. And one day she became the happiest Kangaroo in the world, because she had a little Kangaroo. At first, the baby kangaroo was very weak, and his mother carried him in her purse on her stomach. There, in this mother's purse,
The little kangaroo was very comfortable and not at all scared. When the little Kangaroo wanted to drink, his mother gave him tasty milk, and when he wanted to eat, his mother Kangaroo fed him porridge from a spoon. Then the baby kangaroo fell asleep, and mother could clean the house or cook food at that time.
But sometimes little Kangaroo woke up and didn’t see his mother nearby. Then he would start crying and screaming very loudly until his mother came to him and put him back in her purse. One day, when the baby kangaroo began to cry again, his mother tried to put him in her purse; but the purse turned out to be very tight and the baby kangaroo’s legs did not fit. The little kangaroo got scared and started crying some more stronger: he was very afraid that now his mother would leave and leave him alone. Then the little Kangaroo gave in with all his might, pulled up his knees and crawled into his purse.
In the evening he and his mother went to visit. There were other children visiting, they played and had fun, called Kangurenysh to come to their place, but he was afraid to leave his mother and therefore, although he wanted to go play with everyone, he still spent the whole time in my mother’s purse. All evening, adult uncles and aunts came up to him and his mother and asked why he was so big.
The baby kangaroo is afraid to leave his mother and go play with other children. Then the young kangaroo got completely scared and hid in his purse so that even his head was not visible.
Day after day, my mother’s purse became more and more crowded and uncomfortable. The baby kangaroo really wanted to run around the green meadow near the house, build sand pies, play with the neighboring boys and girls, but it was so scary to leave his mother, so the big mother Kangaroo could not leave the baby kangaroo and sat with him all the time.
One morning, Mother Kangaroo went to the store. The baby kangaroo woke up, saw that he was alone, and began to cry. So he cried and cried, but his mother still did not come.
Suddenly, through the window, Kangurenysh saw the neighboring boys playing tag. They ran, caught up with each other and laughed. They had a lot of fun. The little kangaroo stopped crying and decided that he, too, could wash himself, get dressed, and go to the kids without his mother. So he did. The guys gladly accepted him into their game, and he ran and jumped along with everyone.
And soon his mother came and praised him that he was so brave and independent.
Now mom can go to work and to the store every morning - after all, Little Kangaroo is no longer afraid of being alone, without his mother. He knows that during the day his mother must be at work, and in the evening she will definitely come home to her beloved Kangaroo.
Issues for discussion:
What was Little Kangaroo afraid of? Were you afraid of the same thing? Why is the Little Kangaroo now not afraid to be left alone, without his mother?
"THE INCIDENT IN THE FOREST"
Age: 3-6 years
Focus: Diffidence. Anxiety. Fear of self
actions.
Key phrase: “I won’t succeed!”
In one forest there lived a little Bunny. More than anything in the world, he wanted to be strong, brave and do something good and useful for those around him. But in reality, nothing ever worked out for him. He was afraid of everything and did not believe in himself. That's why everyone in the forest called him "Little Bunny". This made him sad, hurt, and he often cried when he was left alone.
He had one and only friend - Badger.
And so, one day the two of them went to play by the river. Most of all they liked to catch up with each other by running across a small wooden bridge. The little hare was the first to catch up. But when Little Badger was running across the bridge, one board suddenly broke and he fell into the river. The little badger did not know how to swim and began to flounder in the water, asking for help.
And the Little Hare, although he knew how to swim a little, was very scared. He ran along the shore and called for help, hoping that someone would hear and save the Little Badger. But there was no one nearby. And then the Little Hare realized that only he could save his friend. He said to myself: “I’m not afraid of anything, I can swim and I’ll save the Little Badger!” Without thinking about the danger, he threw himself into the water and swam, and then pulled his friend ashore. The little badger was saved!
When they returned home and told about the incident on the river, no one at first could believe that the Little Hare had saved his friend. When the animals were convinced of this, they began to praise the Little Hare, saying how brave and kind he was, and then they organized a big, cheerful holiday in his honor. This day became the happiest for the Bunny. Everyone was proud of him and he himself was proud of himself, because he believed in his strength, in his ability to do good and useful things. He remembered one very important and useful thing for the rest of his life. rule: “Believe in yourself and always and in everything rely only on your own strength!” And since then no one has ever teased him about being a coward again!
Issues for discussion
Why did the Bunny feel bad and sad?
What rule did the Little Bunny remember? Do you agree with him?
In the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2106 dated December 28, 2010 “On approval of FGT to educational institutions“In terms of protecting the health of students,” subparagraph No. 7 contains specific requirements for the rational organization of the educational process, namely: “the use of health-saving methods and technologies in the educational process, compliance with a health-saving regime of training and education.”
Health- an important factor in the performance and harmonious development of children. Health does not exist on its own; it needs careful care throughout a person’s life. It is known that preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. After all, it is up to the age of 7 that a child goes through a huge developmental path, unique throughout his entire subsequent life. It is during this period that intensive development of organs takes place, the formation of functional systems of the body, the basic personality traits are laid, character and attitude towards oneself and others are formed. It is important at this stage to form in children a base of knowledge and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.
Health-saving educational technologies- a systematically organized set of programs, techniques, methods of organizing the educational process that does not harm the health of its participants;
qualitative characteristics of educational technologies based on the criterion of their impact on the health of children and teachers
Goals of using health-saving technologies:
- preserving the health of children by creating favorable conditions for their stay, upbringing and education in preschool educational institutions;
- strengthening mental and physical health preschoolers;
- ensuring a high level of health for kindergarten students and fostering a valeological culture;
- the child’s conscious attitude to health and human life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, support and preserve it, allowing the preschooler to independently and effectively solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior;
- promoting the development of a culture of health and valeological education of parents.
Health-saving technologies:
1.Means of motor orientation:
. movement elements (walking, running, jumping, throwing);
. physical exercise;
. physical education minutes, physical therapy, outdoor games, gymnastics, self-massage, etc.
2.Healing forces of nature (sun and air baths, water procedures, herbal medicine, inhalation).
3.Hygiene factors (fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements, personal and public hygiene, ventilation, wet cleaning of premises, adherence to daily routine, etc.). The use of various health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions (from my experience).
In our group (children aged 4-5 years), health work is carried out constantly and systematically. All health activities are built in a sequential chain and evenly distributed throughout the day in the form of a “Path of Health”:
Daily regime
The daily routine ensures daily repetition of hygiene procedures at the same time, which contributes to the gradual formation of skills and habits of a culture of behavior and personal hygiene. The daily routine accustoms the child’s body to a certain rhythm, provides a change in activity, protecting the children’s nervous system from overwork.
1. Morning exercises
Daily morning exercises and general developmental exercises in a group contribute to emotional relief and increased motor activity. The variety of forms of morning exercises helps to develop children’s interest in it:
- Rhythmic gymnastics
- Gymnastics consisting of round dances
- Story dances
- Playing out a plot poem
- Outdoor games
- Health running
- Gymnastics in a plot form with and without objects;
- Health aerobics and yoga exercises;
- Gymnastics according to interests and games at the request of children.
Morning exercises are carried out daily in the sports and music halls. The duration of morning exercises is 7 minutes. At the same time, the teacher works together with the children and, if necessary, corrects and corrects the children’s exercises.
2. Finger gymnastics.
Finger games are the staging of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using the fingers. During finger games: “We are leafing through a book”, “At sunset the pond is dozing…”, “Fishes”, as well as finger theater classes “Horse”, “Dexterously from finger to finger...”, “Apple”, “Cockerel”. A child, repeating the movements of adults, achieves good development fine motor skills hands, which not only has a beneficial effect on the development of speech, but also prepares the child for drawing and writing.
3. Game self-massage.
Children enjoy performing self-massage in a playful way. By performing a play massage, a child can fantasize, while affecting the entire body. Gaming self-massage relaxes muscles and relieves nervous and emotional tension.
4. Washing hands and face with cold water.
Washing is carried out with cool water (V summer period, in winter - warm water) in sequence: hands with soap, then face. After washing, wiping is done, but not dry, but only to remove free water (drops) from the washed parts of the body, followed by their final drying. Drying is a powerful hardening procedure.
5. Before class - sound gymnastics
Sound gymnastics is the pronunciation of various sounds and their combinations in a strictly defined way. When pronouncing sounds, the vocal cords begin to vibrate and this vibration is first transmitted to the respiratory tract and lungs, and from them to the chest. The complex develops the respiratory muscles, speech apparatus, coordination of movements, muscles of the arms and spine, promotes correct rhythmic breathing and pronunciation of sounds .
6. Dynamic pause on GCD.
The main tasks of physical training are:
- relieve fatigue and tension;
- add an emotional charge;
- improve gross motor skills;
- develop clear coordinated actions in conjunction with speech.
In the process of physical education minutes, during which movements are combined with words, children’s behavior is naturally and unobtrusively cultivated, muscle activity develops, speech deficiencies are corrected, and existing vocabulary is activated.
7. Gymnastics for the eyes
Visual exercises are aimed at improving and preserving vision and preventing myopia and farsightedness. "Magic" games for the eyes are training for children's eye muscles and the success of healthy vision in the future.
6. After GCD - yoga in games.
Yoga is one of the few exercise systems that has a beneficial and holistic effect on the entire body, including the endocrine and nervous system. Yoga classes perfectly strengthen the musculoskeletal system and straighten your posture. Breathing, relaxation and meditative practices have a positive effect on the psyche. There is no element of competition in yoga; this distinguishes it from other types of physical activity. Children learn to accept themselves as they are.
9. Walk.
Physical activity (running, games, exercises). The purpose of the walk is to improve health, prevent fatigue, physical and mental development of children, and restore the body’s functional resources, which have been reduced during activity.
10. Outdoor game
Games allow you to relieve physical fatigue from your muscles and achieve an emotional switch from one type of activity to another. Outdoor games are especially loved by children, because they are an important source of joyful emotions. Games stimulate active work and thoughts, help broaden their horizons, improve all mental processes, and form positive moral qualities in children.
11. Breathing exercises
Regular breathing exercises help train the respiratory muscles, improve local and cerebral circulation, protect against hypothermia, develop the child’s still imperfect respiratory system, and strengthen the body’s defenses. In my work I used: “Bubbles”, “Talker”, “Breeze”, “Bees”, “Mowing the grass”, “Rooster”, “The porridge is boiling”, “Grow up big”, “Mill”, “In the forest”, “ Merry bee."
12. Awakening gymnastics (in bed).
The duration of gymnastics in bed is 2-3 minutes. Next, children proceed to perform a set of breathing exercises, which is very important for the prevention of colds and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Then hardening activities are carried out using “miracles” - mats, salt paths, water procedures. The total duration of health-improving exercises after a nap should be 12-15 minutes.
13. Corrective tracks (prevention of flat feet).
Walking barefoot on remedial paths (“we toughen ourselves up and walk barefoot along snowy paths”) 15-20 sec.
- A set of exercises performed while sitting on chairs (“let’s warm your frozen feet after a walk in the snow”).
14. Psycho-gymnastics (emotional health).
The goal is to relieve the inertia of physical and mental well-being, raise muscle tone, “warm up” the child’s attention and interest in the activity, and set children up for active work and contact with each other. Thanks to psycho-gymnastics for preschoolers, a child learns to understand his own and others’ emotions, express them, understand feelings, learn self-relaxation and overcome life’s difficulties.
15. Posture (prevention of scoliosis).
The main means of preventing poor posture is physical exercise. Special attention It is necessary to devote exercises that cause active work of the extensor muscles of the back and abdominal muscles.
16. Articulation gymnastics.
The goal of articulatory gymnastics is to develop correct, complete movements and certain positions of the articulatory organs necessary for correct pronunciation sounds, and unification simple movements into complex ones.
The effectiveness of health-saving technologies depends on clear, coordinated work with parents. Experience shows that the effectiveness of a health program is decided together with the family.
Experience in working in innovative areas has shown that children 4-5 years old successfully and enthusiastically absorb knowledge about the structure of the body and acquire the skills of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior at home and in nature, if the knowledge is conveyed in an accessible and playful form.
The process of raising and educating preschool children in the work of health saving and health connection; development aimed at ensuring the physical, mental and social well-being of children for a long period.
Bibliography:
- Vavilova E.N. Strengthen children's health: A manual for kindergarten teachers, M.: Education, 1986.
- Gavryuchina L.V. Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions Toolkit. M.: TC Sfera, 2008.
- Speech therapy / Ed. L.S. Volkova. M., 1989. P. 81.
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- General psychology of children / Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. M.: Education, 2006.
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- Penzulaeva L.I. Health-improving gymnastics for preschool children (3-7 years old). M.: VLADOS, 2002.
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