There is a city near Moscow called Volokolamsk, the administrative center of the district of the same name. Back in 2010, by presidential decree, it was awarded the honorary title of “city of military glory.” And this is not surprising. First mentioned back in 1135, the ancient Russian city of Volokolamsk more than once became a real shield of the Russian capital from attacks by aggressors. During the Great Patriotic War repeated. The Volokolamsk direction became one of the most important during the Battle of Moscow.
The line of defense stretched for more than 100 kilometers, for which the 16th Army was responsible under the command of Lieutenant General Konstantin Rokossovsky. The 16th Army included, in particular, the famous 316th Infantry Division under the command of Major General I.V. Panfilov, cavalry corps under the command of Major General L.M. Dovatora, combined regiment of cadets under the command of Colonel S.I. Mladentseva. In turn, the Nazi command, fully understanding the significance of the Volokolamsk direction, sent numerous elite units to attack it. A total of 13 Nazi divisions, seven of which were tank divisions, attacked the Volokolamsk direction.
The headquarters of the 16th Army and the commander, Lieutenant General Konstantin Rokossovsky, were located in Volokolamsk on October 14, 1941. The quiet and small provincial town at this time turned into a real center of military operations. Residents of Volokolamsk were mobilized for construction and equipment defensive structures along the entire line of defense. Volokolamsk itself and the Volokolamsk highway were defended by the 316th Infantry Division of Major General Panfilov, a significant part of which were soldiers mobilized in the Soviet Central Asia. A lot has been written about the exploits of Panfilov’s men. Superior enemy forces were thrown against the division - 2 infantry, 1 tank and 1 motorized divisions. But, despite such superiority in numbers and weapons, the enemy was unable to break through the defenses of Volokolamsk for a very long time and suffered huge losses.
Steblevo is a very small village in the Volokolamsk district of the Moscow region, 17 km northeast of the city of Volokolamsk itself. Now administratively it is part of Teryaevsky rural settlement, and, according to official data, only 42 people live in it. 76 years ago, at the height of the Great Patriotic War, when Hitler’s troops were rushing to Moscow, dramatic events unfolded in Steblevo. A small village became the site of one of the amazing feats Soviet people, and not soldiers or partisans, but ordinary boys, the oldest among whom were barely 16 years old.
During the advance of the Nazis, the village of Steblevo found itself in the occupation zone, but on December 15, 1941, a swift attack by a detachment commanded by Colonel Porfiry Georgievich Chanchabadze (1901-1950), commander of the 107th motorized rifle division of the 30th Army, which defended Moscow, liberated the village from the Nazis. occupiers. Residents of a small village greeted their liberators with delight - Soviet soldiers. They had no idea that the Nazis could return. By the end of the day on December 15, 1941, Colonel Chanchabadze’s detachment left Steblevo. The fighters had to move on. Remained in the village local residents, and even a large number of abandoned by the Nazis, ammunition and uniforms.
Of course, the villagers hoped that they had been liberated completely, but there were still certain concerns that the Nazis might return. Therefore, local activists - state farm workers Vladimir Ovsyannikov and Alexander Kryltsov, who were brought up in the Teryaevsky orphanage and then remained to work here, proposed creating a squad to defend the village of Steblevo. Since there were not many people in the village, teenagers aged 11-16 years old were accepted into the squad. These were Tolya Volodin, Vanya Derevyanov, Pavlik Nikanorov, Tolya Nikolaev, Vitya Pechnikov, Kolya Pechnikov, Volodya Rozanov, Vanya Ryzhov, Petya Trofimov. They also found a combat commander capable of teaching the boys how to use weapons. It was Ivan Yegorovich Volodin, a local resident, a participant in the war with Finland, who had recently been demobilized from the ranks of the Red Army. The squad also had weapons - after all, the Germans, hastily retreating from Steblevo under the blows of Colonel Chanchabadze’s soldiers, left behind good weapons, even machine guns were present among the trophies.
After Colonel Chanchabadze’s detachment left the village, the residents of Steblevo managed to live in peace for only one night. Already on the morning of December 16, the Nazis, apparently having learned about the withdrawal of the Soviet unit, decided to reoccupy the village. Sasha Kryltsov, who was on duty at his position, heard the characteristic crack of a motorcycle. Then the motorcyclist, a Nazi, appeared. After Kryltsov shot several times, the motorcyclist chose to leave. It was clear that this was only a scout. During the day, the defenders of the village saw that a large detachment of Nazis was moving towards Steblevo. Having dispersed into positions, a partisan detachment of teenagers opened fire on the Nazis. It must be said that the enemy, who was well aware of the withdrawal of Chanchabadze’s detachment from Steblevo, did not expect that he would encounter powerful resistance from the defenders of the village. Therefore, Nazi officers decided that a detachment of Soviet soldiers who had ambushed them remained in the village. However, it was impossible to show weakness and the Nazis launched a new attack on Steblevo, which was also repulsed by young partisans.
Several times during the day of December 16, the Nazis tried to capture the village - and all times to no avail. However, the Nazi command abandoned the siege of the village only by noon on December 17, 1941. Soon after the Nazis retreated, a Soviet detachment entered Steblevo. His commander listened with surprise to the report of local warriors about the battle that took place. Not only did the Steblevo teenagers manage to repel the attacks of the Nazis and hold out until “theirs” arrived, but they also managed to transfer a large number of captured weapons (and they were still at a high price then, in the fall of 1941) to the Soviet detachment. What was even more impressive was that the young defenders of Steblevo, who fought against superior enemy forces not only in numbers and weapons, but also in training, remained alive. No one was even injured. Indeed, it was as if higher powers were protecting the boys who defended their village with weapons in their hands.
By the way, this is very symbolic, but the Teryaevsky orphanage, where the organizers of the original partisan detachment were brought up, was located on the territory of the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery, founded by Joseph Volotsky himself in 1479. The monastery had to hold off the siege of the Polish-Lithuanian troops in 1611, then many prisoners were held here - and Polish prisoners of war during the Polish-Lithuanian intervention early XVII century, and the French who were captured in 1812, and a number of iconic figures of Russian history - from Vasily Shuisky to Maxim the Greek. In 1920-1922 The monastery was closed, and its premises were transferred first to a museum and then to an orphanage.
The feat of the young defenders of Steblevo stands on a par with other heroic exploits of Soviet children and teenagers, who during the Great Patriotic War fought shoulder to shoulder with their older comrades against the Nazi occupiers. Many Soviet teenagers gave their lives fighting in partisan units, participating in underground activities in the territories occupied by the Nazis. In the same Volokolamsk district of the Moscow region, the feat of the defenders of Steblevo is far from the only example of the unprecedented courage of very young Soviet citizens.
Volokolamsk defended itself with all its might. Red Army soldiers and ordinary civilians demonstrated amazing examples of courage, fighting the enemy literally to the last drop of blood. But the situation at the front in the fall of 1941 was not very favorable for the defenders of Moscow. The Nazis concentrated enormous forces in the Volokolamsk direction and the result was not long in coming. On October 27, 1941, the Nazis still managed to capture Volokolamsk. The small town was in the hands of the occupiers for almost two months. However, local residents did not fold their arms and continued to resist the Nazis, expecting imminent liberation. By the way, Volokolamsk was liberated on December 20, 1941 by units of the 20th Army under the command of Major General Andrei Vlasov, the future traitor and commander of the ROA, and then one of the most promising Soviet military leaders, who enjoyed great favor from I.V. himself. Stalin.
On the last night before the liberation of the city on December 20, 1941, Borya Kuznetsov, 15 years old Volokolamsk teenager, I heard that a large number of Nazis had gathered near the river. The guy realized that the enemies were going to blow up the bridge to prevent the advance of those approaching the city Soviet troops. And then Kuznetsov, who had a captured German machine gun, opened fire on the Nazis. Alone, without a support group, Borya went to certain death, just not to allow the Nazis to carry out their plans. The enemies returned fire. Borya was seriously wounded in the spine, but continued to shoot at the Nazis. The Red Army soldiers, who had already burst into the city, were presented with a terrible picture. Borya was still conscious, but seriously wounded. They tried to save him, but to no avail - on March 18, 1942, the young defender of Volokolamsk died.
When on December 20, 1941, soldiers and officers of the 20th Army entered liberated Volokolamsk, a horrifying sight met their eyes. Gallows were erected in the city square, on which eight hanged people hung - six young men and two girls. It was not possible to immediately establish their identities, but it was clear that they were partisans or underground fighters who fought against the Nazis and suffered a terrible death at the hands of the enemy. Later it was possible to establish that these were members of one of the fighter squadrons. partisan detachments, which in those days were formed by the Moscow Komsomol. November 4, 1941, a group of eight Komsomol members on instructions from headquarters Western Front was sent to the Teryaeva Sloboda area to conduct reconnaissance and reconnaissance and sabotage operations. This group included: 29-year-old commander Konstantin Fedorovich Pakhomov (1912-1941) - designer of the Moscow Hammer and Sickle plant, his 27-year-old colleague, designer of the Hammer and Sickle plant Nikolai Aleksandrovich Galochkin (1914-1941), 26- summer mechanic of the workshop of the same plant Naum Samuilovich Kagan (1915-1941), 26-year-old machinist of the shaped foundry shop Pavel Vasilyevich Kiryakov (1915-1941), 18-year-old mechanic of the plant Viktor Vasilyevich Ordyntsev (1923-1941), 19-year-old mechanic enterprise "Moskabel" Ivan Aleksandrovich Malenkov (1922-1941), 21-year-old third-year student of the Moscow Art and Industrial School named after M.I. Kalinin Evgenia Yakovlevna Poltavskaya (1920-1941) and 19-year-old furniture factory worker Alexandra Vasilievna Lukovina-Gribkova (1922-1941).
Unfortunately, Pakhomov’s group, having successfully penetrated behind enemy lines, was discovered by the Nazis. Despite fierce resistance, the Nazis managed to capture the partisans alive, after which a nightmare of torture and humiliation began. In the end, the young people were shot, after which on November 6, 1941, their bodies were hanged on Soldatskaya Square in Volokolamsk - to intimidate the city residents. The Nazi commandant did not allow the bodies of the hanged to be removed, and only after the liberation of the city and the entry of Soviet troops into Volokolamsk, Konstantin Pakhomov, Nikolai Galochkin, Naum Kagan, Pavel Kiryakov, Ivan Malenkov, Viktor Ordyntsev, Evgenia Poltavskaya and Alexandra Lukovina-Gribkova were buried with all the military honors. A monument was erected on Novosoldatskaya Street in Volokolamsk in memory of the heroic partisans.
There were also much less noticeable actions of the local youth, which seemed to be not feats at all compared to the heroism of Bori Kuznetsov, but to perform which you also need to have very great courage, a “margin of safety” so to speak. For example, in one of the state farms in the Volokolamsk region, even before the war, they began breeding valuable breed cows that gave large milk yields. When enemy troops approached Volokolamsk, the young Volokolamsk residents were given a difficult task - to take the cattle to the rear so that the Nazis would not get it. Boys and girls who had not yet even reached conscription age were strictly ordered - not a single head of a cow should be lost. One hundred and eighteen guys coped with the task brilliantly. Now it seems to their peers - what is the feat here? Gather the cows and drive them to a secluded place. But then there was a road at any moment, the guys had no food supplies with them, and they had to drive the cattle over a fairly impressive distance and very quickly, since the Nazis were approaching very quickly.
During the Great Patriotic War, several brave teenagers defended their village, fighting off the German invaders and managing to hold out until the arrival of Soviet soldiers.
During the fighting in the enemy’s front-line rear on December 15, 1941, Colonel Porfiry Chanchibadze’s detachment from the 30th Army, after a short battle, liberated the village of Steblevo near Moscow and moved on to carry out combat missions. The Germans, during their hasty retreat, left behind a large amount of military equipment and equipment.
The population of the village, having joyfully met their liberators and provided all possible assistance, were left without protection, because if the Nazis returned, they would not spare anyone. Then Sasha Kryltsov and Volodya Ovsyanikov, young workers of the state farm and pupils of the Teryaevsky orphanage, decided to organize a squad for defense.
This squad also included 11-16 year old teenagers: Vanya Dervyanov, Petya Trofimov, Vitya Pechnikov, Kolya Pechnikov, Pavel Nikanorov, Volodya Rozanov, Vanya Ryzhov, Tolya Nikolaev and Tolya Volodin. Their leader and organizer of defense was Ivan Volodin, a participant in the Soviet-Finnish War. Ivan Yegorovich taught young defenders the skills of wielding weapons and conducting aimed fire.
The Nazis began attempting to re-occupy the village on December 16th. A German soldier trying to approach the village on a motorcycle was met with fire: Sasha Kryltsov, hearing the noise and seeing the fascist, began shooting with a rifle. The German immediately turned back.
A little later, a large group of fascists began to approach the village, and all the partisans began to shoot at them. Having occupied three advantageous positions, they met the German invaders with hurricane fire. The Nazis began to retreat.
This was repeated several more times on the same day and in the morning of the next day, until the Germans stopped trying to capture the village, apparently deciding that it was being defended by Soviet soldiers.
On the afternoon of December 17, a unit of advanced units of the Soviet troops arrived in Steblevo, greeted by tired but joyful partisans. The command expressed gratitude to the group for its assistance in protecting Soviet land from the Nazis and for the German trophies. So a group of very young boys were able to expel the German occupiers from their village.
And the village of Steblevo became known as the place where the “Volokolamsk boys” performed the feat.
Colonel Porfiry Georgievich Chanchibadze
A story about how 11-16 year old children from an orphanage defended their village from the Nazis for two days
One of the detachments of the mobile group of Colonel Porfiry Georgievich Chanchibadze from the 30th Army, operating in the enemy’s front-line rear, liberated the village of Steblevo on December 15, 1941, after a short battle. The occupiers hastily retreated, leaving behind a large amount of military property, weapons and equipment. By the end of the day, the detachment moved on to carry out combat missions. The residents of Steblevo, who enthusiastically greeted their liberators and provided them with assistance, were left without protection: if the Nazis returned, they would not spare anyone.
Then young workers of the state farm, pupils of the Teryaevsky orphanage, Volodya Ovsyanikov and Sasha Kryltsov, proposed organizing a squad for defense, which also included 11-16 year old teenagers and young men Tolya Volodin, Kolya Pechnikov, Pavlik Nikanorov, Tolya Nikolaev, Vitya Pechnikov, Vanya Ryzhov, Petya Trofimov, Volodya Rozanov and Vanya Dervyanov. Their leader and organizer of defense was Ivan Egorovich Volodin, a participant in the war with Finland. In a combat situation, he taught young partisans the skills of wielding weapons and conducting aimed fire.
Attempts by the Nazis to recapture the village began on the morning of December 16.
Sasha Kryltsov was the first to use the rifle. Hearing a crash the next morning, and then seeing German soldier on a motorcycle, the boy shot several times. The motorcyclist immediately turned back. During the day, the guys saw a large group of fascists approaching the village. Now everyone started shooting. The Nazis began to retreat. They were met by hurricane fire from three advantageous positions. All enemy attacks were successfully repelled. This was repeated several times, the firefight continued in the morning of the next day, but by noon the Germans, apparently, decided that the village was being defended by Soviet soldiers and retreated. At noon on December 17, a unit of advanced units of the Soviet troops entered Steblevo. Tired but joyful partisans greeted them. The command thanked the battle group for its assistance in expelling the Nazis and for the trophies. This is how a group of teenagers helped expel the invaders from their village almost three days earlier. 
Thus, the village of Steblevo near Moscow became famous as the place of heroism of the Volokolamsk boys. 
Colonel Porfiry Georgievich Chanchibadze
Not far from Volokolamsk near Moscow is the village of Steblevo. In December 1941, during famous battle outside Moscow, a very interesting event took place in this village, which I want to tell you about.
Mobile combat groups of Colonel Porfiry Georgievich Chanchibadze from the 30th Army operated in the enemy’s front-line rear. One of these flying squads after a short battle, on December 15, 1941, he liberated the village of Steblevo. The occupiers hastily retreated, leaving behind a large amount of military property, weapons and equipment.
They drove the Germans out of the village, but a small detachment from the 107th Motorized Rifle Division had other tasks. Therefore, by the end of the day, the Red Army soldiers left Steblevo and moved on to carry out their combat missions.
|
|
The villagers, who at first enthusiastically greeted their liberators, realized by the evening that they were left without protection, and that if the Nazis suddenly returned, they would not spare anyone. Then young workers of the state farm, pupils of the local orphanage, Volodya Ovsyanikov and Sasha Kryltsov, proposed organizing a squad for self-defense. The Pioneer-Komsomol military detachment included teenagers aged 12 to 16 years: Tolya Volodin, Kolya and Vitya Pechnikov, Pavlik Nikanorov, Tolya Nikolaev, Vanya Ryzhov, Petya Trofimov, Volodya Rozanov and Vanya Dervyanov.
|
|
Their commander was a former soldier, a participant in the Soviet Finnish war, Ivan Egorovich Volodin. He began to teach young partisans the skills of wielding weapons and conducting aimed fire. Ivan Egorovich organized the defense and set up posts. And he did absolutely the right thing. Because already on the morning of December 16, the crash of a motorcycle was heard - it was a German intelligence officer trying to assess the situation. Sasha Kryltsov opened fire on him, but missed. The motorcyclist turned sharply and sped off towards his own people.
The Nazi attack began in the afternoon. But the uninvited guests were met by fire from young militias. Having competently taken up defense in three directions, Malchishi-Kibalchishi of the village of Steblevo spent the whole day repelling the enemy’s onslaught. And, using their knowledge of their native area, they did it quite successfully - without losses. By the next afternoon, the Germans apparently decided that the village was being defended by Soviet soldiers and retreated.
And on the afternoon of December 17, a unit of advanced units of the Soviet troops entered Steblevo. Tired but joyful young partisans greeted the Red Army soldiers. The command of the rifle division thanked the Malchishi combat group for their help in expelling the Nazis and for the spoils of war.
|
This is how a group of teenagers defended their village. Let me paraphrase our classic Mikhail Yuryevich a little:
- Yes, there were children at that time, not like the current tribe!