Secrets and legends during the war. German soldiers opened the veil of secrecy over the history of the Great Patriotic War. When time stops

It was not by chance that we chose such a title; we will focus on the mysteries of the Second World War, not the Great Patriotic War. Sometimes during the war there are such strange and contradictory events that it is difficult to believe in them. Especially when you consider that the archives are still classified, and there is no access to them. What secrets are kept in the history of those years, from the point of view of the allies of the USSR?
Let's try to figure it out.

15. The mystery of Netaji's death

Subhas Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, is a Bengali by birth, one of the leaders of the Indian independence movement. Today Bose is revered in India along with Nehru and Gandhi. To fight the British colonialists, he cooperated with the Germans, and then with the Japanese. He headed the collaborationist pro-Japanese administration "Azad Hind" ("Free India"), which he proclaimed the "government of India".

From the point of view of the allies, Netaji was a very dangerous traitor. He communicated with both German and Japanese leaders, but at the same time was on friendly terms with Stalin. During his life, Bose had to run a lot from various foreign intelligence services, he was hiding from British surveillance, was able to change his identity and start building his Empire of revenge. Much in Bose's life remains a mystery, but historians still cannot find an answer to the question - whether he died or is quietly living somewhere in Bengal. According to the officially accepted version, the plane on which Bose tried to flee to Japan in 1945 suffered a plane crash. It seems that his body was cremated, and the urn with the ashes was transported to Tokyo in the Renkoji Buddhist temple. Both before and now there are many people who do not believe in this story. And so much so that they even analyzed the ashes and reported that the ashes belonged to a certain Ichiro Okura, a Japanese official.

It is believed that Bose lived out his life somewhere in strict secrecy. The Indian government admits that they have about forty secret files on Bose, all sealed with a classified seal, and they refuse to divulge the contents. It is argued that the release would be detrimental to India's international relations. In 1999, one file surfaced: it concerned the establishment of Netaji's whereabouts and the subsequent investigation, which took place in 1963. However, the government declined to comment on this information.

Many still hope that one day they will be able to find out what really happened to Netaji, but this is definitely not going to happen anytime soon. The National Democratic Union in 2014 denied a request to release Bose's classified materials. The government is still afraid to publish even those documents from which the "secret" stamp has been removed. According to official information, this is due to the fact that the information contained in the documents can still harm India's relations with other countries.

14. Battle of Los Angeles: Air Defense Against UFOs

Don't laugh. Hoax or mass psychosis? Call it what you will, but on the night of February 25, 1942, all Los Angeles air defense services courageously - and completely unsuccessfully - fought against UFOs.

“It happened in the early morning hours of February 25, 1942; just three months after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The US had just entered World War II and the military was on high alert when the overhead attack took place California. Witnesses reported that a large, circular object, glowing with a pale orange light, was visible in the skies of Culver City and Santa Monica, along the entire Pacific coast. "

Sirens howled and searchlights began to scan the sky over Los Angeles, and more than 1400 shells from anti-aircraft guns threw a mysterious object, but he, quietly moving through the night sky, disappeared from sight. No aircraft was shot down, and in fact, no satisfactory explanation was ever found. The Army's official statement was that "unidentified aircraft" allegedly invaded Southern California airspace. But later, Secretary of the US Navy, Frank Nose, canceled the messages and called the incident a "false alarm."

13. Die Glocke - the bell of the Nazis

Work on Die Glocke (translated from German - "bell") began in 1940, and was directed by the designer Hans Kammler from the "SS think tank" at the Skoda factory in Pilsen. Kammler's name is closely related to one of the Nazi organizations involved in the development of different types"Miracle weapons" - by the occult institute "Ahnenerbe". At first, the "miracle weapon" was tested in the vicinity of Breslau, but in December 1944 a group of scientists was transported to an underground laboratory (with a total area of ​​10 km²!) Inside the Wenceslas mine. Die Glocke documents describe it as "a huge bell made of hard metal, about 3 m wide and about 4.5 m high." This device contained two lead cylinders rotating in opposite directions and filled with an unknown substance, code-named Xerum 525. When activated, Die Glocke illuminated the shaft with a pale purple light.

In the agony of the Reich, the Nazis seized every chance, hoping for a technological miracle that could change the course of the war. At that time, vague hints of some unusual engineering developments began to be found in the documents. Polish journalist Igor Witkowski conducted his own investigation and wrote the book "The Truth About the Wunderwaffe", from which the world learned about the top-secret project "Die Glocke". Later, a book by British journalist Nick Cook appeared, "The Hunt for Zero Point", which explored similar matters.

Witkowski was absolutely convinced that Die Glocke was intended to be a breakthrough in space technology, and was intended to generate fuel for hundreds of thousands of flying saucers. More precisely, disk-shaped aircraft with a crew of one or two people. They say that at the end of April 1945, the Nazis planned with the help of these devices to carry out the "Spear of Satan" operation - to strike at Moscow, London and New York. About 1000 ready-made "UFO" allegedly subsequently seized by the Americans - in underground factories in the Czech Republic and Austria. Is it true? Maybe. After all, the US National Archives declassified documents from 1956, which confirm that the development of the "flying saucer" was carried out by the Nazis. The Norwegian historian Gudrun Stensen believes: at least four Kammler flying discs were "taken prisoner" by the Soviet army from a factory in Breslau, however, Stalin did not pay due attention to the "plates", as he was more interested in a nuclear bomb.

There are even more exotic theories about the purpose of Die Glocke: according to the US writer Henry Stevens, author of the book "Hitler's Weapons Are Still Secret!" ...

The Polish special services do not confirm or deny Witkowski's research: the interrogation protocols of SS Gruppenfuehrer Sporrenberg are still classified. Witkowski insisted on this version: Hans Kammler took the "Bell" to America, and nobody knows where it is now.

12. Nazi "golden train"

World War II documents prove that in 1945, during the retreat, the Nazis removed from the German Breslau (now the Polish Wroclaw) an armored train loaded with valuables and tons of gold confiscated from the governments of the occupied countries and confiscated from people who ended their lives in concentration camps. The train was 150 meters long and there can be up to 300 tons of gold!
Allied forces at the end of the war found some of the Nazi gold, but it most of, clearly plunged into the train, has sunk into oblivion. The train was carrying a precious cargo from Wroclaw to Walbrzych, however, it disappeared along the way, under still unclear circumstances - as it fell into the ground. And since 1945, no one has seen the train again, and all attempts to find it have been unsuccessful.

In the vicinity of Walbrzych, there is an old system of tunnels built by the Nazis, in one of which, according to local legends, a vanished train is standing. Locals believe that the train may be located in an abandoned tunnel that existed on the railway between Walbrzych and the city of Swiebodzice. The entrance to the tunnel is most likely somewhere under the embankment near the Walbrzych station. From time to time, this same Walbrzych begins to get feverish from the next message about the discovery of treasures from the times of the Third Reich.

Specialists of the Mining and Metallurgical Academy named after Stanislav Stashits in 2015, it seems, completed an operation to find the ghostly "golden train". Apparently, the search engines failed to make any grandiose discoveries. Although they used modern technology during the work, for example, a cesium magnetometer, which measures the level magnetic field land.

According to the laws of Poland, if a treasure is found, it must be transferred to the state. Although what a treasure it is ... clearly a part of the trophy property! Chief Guardian monuments of antiquity of Poland Piotr Zhukhovsky recommended refraining from independent searches for treasures, since the missing train could be mined. So far, the Russian, Polish and Israeli media are closely following the search for a Nazi armored train. In theory, each of these countries can claim part of the find.

11. Planes are ghosts

The phantoms of crashed planes are a sad and beautiful legend. Specialists in anomalous phenomena are aware of many cases of aircraft appearing in the sky, which date back to the last war. They are seen in the skies over the British Sheffield, and over the infamous Peak District in the north of Derbyshire (more than five dozen planes have crashed there), and in other places.

One of the first to report such a story was Richard and Helen Jason, who spotted a WWII bomber in the skies of Derbyshire. They remembered that he flew very low, but surprisingly quietly, silently, not making a single sound. And the ghost just disappeared at some point. Richard, an Air Force veteran, believes it was a 4-engined American bomber Bi-24 Liberator.

They say such phenomena are also observed in Russia. As if in clear weather in the sky over the village of Yadrovo, Volokolamsk region, you can hear the characteristic sounds of a low-flying plane, after which you can see a slightly blurred silhouette of a burning Messerschmitt trying to land.

10. The story of the disappearance of Raoul Wallenberg

The life story, and especially death, of Raoul Gustav Wallenberg is one of those that are interpreted by Western and domestic sources in completely different ways. They agree on one thing - he was a hero who saved thousands of Hungarian Jews from the Holocaust. Tens of thousands. He corrected them the so-called protective passports of Swedish citizens awaiting repatriation to their homeland, and thereby protected them from concentration camps. By the time Budapest was liberated, these people were already safe, thanks to papers from Wallenberg and his associates. Raoul also managed to convince several German generals not to follow Hitler's orders to take Jews to death camps, and he prevented the destruction of the Budapest ghetto in the last days before the Red Army's offensive. If this version is correct, then Wallenberg managed to save at least 100 thousand Hungarian Jews! But what happened to Raul himself after 1945 is obvious for Western historians (the bloody gebney was rotted away in the dungeons of the Lubyanka), but for ours it is not so clear.
According to the most common version, after the capture of Budapest by Soviet troops on January 13, 1945, Wallenberg, along with his driver, was detained by a Soviet patrol in the building of the International Red Cross (according to another version, he himself came to the location of the 151st Infantry Division and asked to meet with the Soviet command; according to the third version, he was arrested by the NKVD at his apartment). After that, he was sent to the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, Malinovsky. But on the way, he was again detained and arrested by SMERSH military counterintelligence officers. According to another version, after being arrested at Wallenberg's apartment, he was sent to the headquarters of the Soviet troops. On March 8, 1945, Soviet-controlled Budapest Radio Kossuth reported that Raoul Wallenberg had died during street fighting in Budapest.
Western media consider it proven that Raoul Wallenberg was arrested and transported to Moscow, where he was held in the internal prison of the MGB in Lubyanka. For many years the Swedes unsuccessfully tried to find out the fate of the arrested person. In August 1947, Vyshinsky officially announced that Wallenberg was not in the USSR and that the Soviet authorities did not know anything about him. But in February 1957, Moscow no less officially informed the Swedish government that Wallenberg had died on July 17, 1947 in a cell in the Lubyanka prison from myocardial infarction. An autopsy was not performed, and the story of a heart attack did not convince either Raoul's relatives or the world community. Moscow and Stockholm agreed to investigate the case within the framework of a bilateral commission, but in 2001 the commission concluded that the search had reached a dead end and ceased to exist. There is anecdotal evidence that Wallenberg is called "prisoner No. 7", who was interrogated in July 1947, a week (!) After he allegedly died of a heart attack.
Several documentaries and feature films have been made about the fate of Raoul Wallenberg, but none of them reveal the mystery of his death.

9. The Lost Globe of the Fuhrer

The Fuehrer's Globe is one of the giant Columbus Globes, released for leaders of states and businesses in two limited editions in Berlin in the mid-1930s (the second batch had already been corrected to the world map). The very same Hitler's globe was commissioned for the headquarters in the Reich Chancellery by the architect Albert Speer. The globe was huge and can be seen in the newsreel of the opening of the new building of the Reich Chancellery in 1939. Where exactly that globe went from the headquarters is unknown. At auctions here and there, from time to time, another "Hitler's Globe" is sold, and thousands for 100 euros.
American WWII veteran John Barsamian found the globe a few days after the surrender of Hitlerite Germany, in the bombed-out alpine residence of the Fuhrer "Eagle's Nest" in the mountains above the Bavarian Berchtesgaden. The American veteran also auctioned off a package of military documents from those years that allowed him to take the globe to the United States. The permit states the following: "One globe, language - German, origin - Eagle's Nest residence.
Experts note that in different collections there are several globes that allegedly belonged to Hitler. However, the globe found by Barsamyan has the most chances to be considered real: its authenticity is confirmed by a photograph of Lieutenant Barsamyan holding a globe in the Eagle's Nest.
Once Charlie Chaplin in his film "The Great Dictator" showed Hitler's globe as his main and favorite accessory. But Hitler himself hardly really appreciated the globe, because not a single photograph of Hitler has survived against its background (which, in general, are solid assumptions and assumptions).
Before the discovery of Barsamyan, the Western media categorically stated that the globe was taken by Lavrenty Beria personally, apparently believing that he had captured not only Berlin, but the entire globe. Well, we cannot deny that it is likely that the Fuhrer's personal globe still stands in one of the offices on the Lubyanka.

8. Treasures of General Rommel

Nicknamed "The Fox of the Desert," Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was undoubtedly an outstanding commander of the Third Reich; he confidently won the First World War, the Italians and the British, his name inspired horror and fear. In World War II, he was less fortunate: the Reich sent him to lead military operations in North Africa. SS Sturmbannfuehrer Schmidt led a special "divisional-jutskommando" in the Middle East: following in the footsteps of Rommel's army, this team robbed museums, banks, private collections, libraries and jewelry stores in the cities of North Africa. They mainly took gold, currency, antiques and art values. The looting continued until Rommel's corps began to suffer defeat and the Germans began to retreat, suffering losses under the continuous bombing of the British.
In April 1943, the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition landed in Casablanca, Oran and Algeria, and pressed the Germans to Cape Bon Peninsula, along with all the looted belongings (by the way, this is not "Rommel's gold", but rather African SS treasures) ... Schmidt found an opportunity to load the valuables into 6 containers and went to sea in the direction of Corsica. Further opinions differ. They say that the SS men reached Corsica, but American aircraft flew in and destroyed them. There is also the most beautiful version, that Sturmbannführer Schmidt managed to hide or flood treasures near the Corsican coast, which was replete with hiding places, grottoes and underwater caves.

"Rommel's Treasures" have been searched for all these years and are still looking for. In late 2007, Briton Terry Hodgkinson said he knew exactly where to dig - at the bottom of the sea, just under a nautical mile from the Corsican town of Bestia. However, so far nothing has happened and the treasure has not been found.

7. Foo fighters are UFOs

No, this is not about Dave Grohl's "Foo Fighters", but about the phenomenon of World War II, after which his group was named. The term Foo Fighters is taken from the slang of the Allied pilots - as they called unidentified flying objects and strange atmospheric phenomena that were seen in the skies over Europe and the Pacific Ocean.
Coined by the 415th Tactical Fighter Squadron, the term "pho fighters" was later officially adopted by the US military in November 1944. Pilots flying night flights over German territory began reporting sightings of fast moving luminous objects following their aircraft. They were described in different ways: usually as balls of red, orange or white, which made difficult maneuvers, after which they suddenly disappeared. According to the pilots, the objects were chasing the planes and generally behaved as if they were being controlled by someone, but did not show hostility; it was not possible to break away from them or bring them down. They were reported so often that such objects were given their own name - foo fighters, or, less often, kraut fireballs. The military took the sightings of these objects seriously, as they suspected that they were the secret weapon of the Germans. But later it turned out that German and Japanese pilots observed similar objects.
On January 15, 1945, Time magazine published an article entitled "Foo Fighter", in which it was reported that the US Air Force fighters chased "fireballs" for more than a month. After the war, a group was created to study such phenomena, which offered several possible explanations: it could be electrostatic phenomena similar to the lights of St. Elmo, or optical illusions. In general, there is an opinion that if the term "flying saucers" had already been coined then, in 1943-1945, foo fighters would have fallen into this category.

6. Where did the "Bloody Flag" go?

Blutfahne or "Bloody Flag" is the first Nazi shrine to appear after the 1923 Beer Putsch in Munich (an unsuccessful attempt to seize state power by the National Socialist Labor Party led by Hitler and General Ludendorff; they and about 600 supporters were defeated in Munich beer pub "Bürgerbreukeller", where the Prime Minister of Bavaria gave a speech). Approximately 16 Nazis were killed, many were wounded, and Hitler was arrested and convicted of treason. By the way, he spent his term in Landsberg prison on very lenient conditions, it was there that most of his main book was written.

The Nazis who died during the Beer Putsch were later declared martyrs, and the events themselves - the National Revolution. The flag under which they walked (and on which, according to the official version, drops of blood of the "martyrs" fell), was later used for the "consecration" of party banners: at party congresses in Nuremberg, Adolf Hitler applied new flags to the "sacred" banner. It was believed that his touch of other flags endowed them with divine power, and SS officers swore exclusively to this banner. The "Blood Flag" even had a guardian - Jacob Grimminger.

The flag was last seen in October 1944, during one of Himmler's ceremonies. It was originally believed that the Allies destroyed the flag during the bombing of Munich. No one knows what happened to him next: whether he was saved and taken out of the country, or was thrown to the walls of the mausoleum in Moscow in 1945. The fate of Jacob Grimminger, in contrast to the "Bloody Flag", is known to historians. He not only survived the war, but also took up a minor post as a representative of the city administration in Munich.

5. Phantom of Pearl Harbor - R-40

One of the most intriguing ghost planes of World War II was the P-40 fighter, which crashed near Pearl Harbor. Doesn't sound too mysterious, does it? Only this plane was seen later in the sky - a year after the Japanese attack.

On December 8, 1942, American radar spotted a board heading straight for Pearl Harbor from Japan. Two fighters were tasked with checking and quickly intercepting the mysterious plane. It was the P-40 fighter that had been deployed in the defense of Pearl Harbor the year before. What was even stranger was that the plane was engulfed in fire and the pilot was clearly killed. The P-40 dived to the ground and crashed.

Rescue teams were sent immediately, but they could not find the pilot - the cockpit was empty. There was no trace of the pilot! But they found a flight diary, which reported that the specified plane was on the island of Mindanao, 1,300 miles in the Pacific Ocean. But if it was the wounded defender of Pearl Harbor, how did he survive on the island for a year, how did he lift the wrecked plane into the sky? And where did he go? What happened to his body? This remains one of the most mysterious secrets.

4. Who were the 17 Britons from Auschwitz

In 2009, historians carried out excavations on the territory of the Nazi death camp Auschwitz. They found a strange list that contained the names of 17 British soldiers. Opposite the names were some signs - check marks. Nobody knows what this list was created for. Also, several German words were written on paper, but these words did not help in solving the mystery (“since then”, “never”, and “now”).

There are several speculations about the purpose of this list and who these soldiers were. The first assumption is that British prisoners of war were being used as skilled workers. Many were housed in Auschwitz at camp E715, where they were sent to lay cables and pipes. Another theory is that the names of the British soldiers on the list are the names of traitors who worked for the CC unit during the war - they may have been part of the secret British Schutzstaffel (SS) brigade that fought for the Nazis against the Allies. None of these theories have been proven to date.

3. Who betrayed Anne Frank?

The diary of 15-year-old Jewish girl Anne Frank made her name famous all over the world. In July 1942, with the beginning of the deportation of Jews from the Netherlands, the Frank family (father, mother, older sister Margot and Anna) took refuge in a secret room in their father's office in Amsterdam, at 263 Prinsengracht Street, along with four other Dutch Jews. They hid in this shelter until 1944. Friends and colleagues at great risk to their lives delivered food and clothing to the Franks.

Anna kept a diary from June 12, 1942 to August 1, 1944. At first she wrote for herself, but in the spring of 1944, the girl heard on the radio a speech by the Minister of Education of the Netherlands: all evidence of the occupation period should become public property. Impressed by his words, Anna decided after the war to publish a book based on her diary. And from that moment she began to write not only for herself, but thinking about future readers.

In 1944, the authorities received a denunciation of a group of Jews hiding, and the Dutch police with the Gestapo came to the house where the Frank family was hiding. They found a door behind a bookcase where the Frank family had been hiding for 25 months. All were immediately arrested. The informant who made an anonymous phone call, which was brought by the Gestapo, but has not yet been identified - the name of the informer was not on the police records. History offers us the names of three alleged informers - Tonny Ahlers, Willem van Maaren and Lena van Bladeren-Hartoch, all familiar with the Franks, and each of them could fear arrest for failure to report. But historians do not have an exact answer, who betrayed Anne Frank and her family.

Anna and her sister were sent for forced labor in concentration camp Bergen-Belsen in northern Germany. Both sisters died of a typhus epidemic that broke out in the camp in March 1945, just a few weeks before the camp was liberated. Their mother died in Auschwitz in early January 1945.

Otto, Anna's father, was the only one in the family to survive the war. He was in Auschwitz until his liberation by Soviet troops on January 27, 1945. After the war, Otto received from a family friend Mip Heath, who helped them hide, Anna's collected and saved records. The first edition of these notes was carried out by Otto Frank in 1947 in the original language under the title "In the back wing" (an abridged version of the diary, with notes of a personal and censorship nature). The book was published in Germany in 1950. The first Russian edition, The Diary of Anne Frank, was published in 1960 in a splendid translation by Rita Rait-Kovaleva.

2. Amber room

Mysteriously disappeared treasures are doubly attractive. The Amber Room - "the eighth wonder of the world" - has always been the object of desire of rulers and kings. They say that Peter I literally begged for it from Frederick during a meeting in November 1716, when an alliance was concluded between Russia and Prussia. Peter I immediately boasted of a gift in a letter to Catherine: "... gave me ... a cabinet of Yantarny, which has long been desired." The Amber Cabinet was packed and, with great care, transported from Prussia to St. Petersburg in 1717. Mosaic amber panels were installed in the lower hall of the Human Chambers in the Summer Garden.

In 1743, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna commissioned Master Martelli to expand the cabinet under the supervision of Chief Architect Rastrelli. There were clearly not enough Prussian panels for the large hall, and Rastrelli introduced gilded wood carvings, mirrors and mosaic paintings of agate and jasper into the decoration. And by 1770, under the supervision of Rastrelli, the study was transformed into the famous Amber Room of the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, adding in size and luxury.

The Amber Room was rightfully considered the pearl of the summer residence of the Russian emperors in Tsarskoe Selo. And this famous masterpiece disappeared without a trace during the Second World War. Well, not entirely without a trace.

The Germans deliberately went to Tsarskoe Selo for the Amber Room, as if, even before the start of the war, Alfred Rode promised Hitler to return the treasure to his historical homeland. They did not have time to dismantle and evacuate the room, and the invaders took it to Konigsberg. After 1945, when the Nazis from Königsberg were driven out by Soviet troops, traces of the Amber Room are lost. Some of its fragments from time to time float around the world - for example, one of the four Florentine mosaics was found. It was believed that the room burned down in the ruins of Königsberg Castle. It is believed that the room was discovered by special units American army, engaged in the search for objects of art stolen by the Nazis, and secretly exported to the United States, after which it fell into the hands of private collectors. It was also assumed that the Amber Room was sunk together with the steamer "Wilhelm Gustloff", or it could be on the cruiser "Prince Eugen" handed over to the United States for reparations.

Searched for the Amber Room in the days Soviet Union carefully, and the search was supervised by the State Security Committee. But they didn’t find it. And three decades later, in the 1970s, it was decided to start rebuilding the Amber Room from scratch. Mainly used was Kaliningrad amber. And today, a faithfully recreated copy of the lost treasure can be seen in Tsarskoe Selo, in the Catherine Palace. Perhaps she is even more beautiful than the old one.

1. Link number 19

This is perhaps the most widely disseminated of the mystical stories of the Second World War. Flight 19 (Flight 19) of five torpedo bombers "Avenger", which made a training flight on December 5, 1945, which ended in the loss of all five machines under unknown circumstances, as well as the rescue seaplane PBM-5 Martin "Mariner" sent to search for them ". This miracle is considered one of the strangest and most unusual not only in the history of the US Navy's aviation, but also in the history of the entire world aviation.
This happened a few months after the end of the war. On December 5, 1945, within the framework of departure No. 19, a flight of 4 Avenger torpedo bombers under the control of US Marine Corps and Fleet Air Corps pilots undergoing a retraining program for this type of aircraft, led by a fifth torpedo bomber, piloted by Marine Corps instructor pilot Lieutenant Charles Carroll Taylor, had to do a routine exercise from the refresher course. "Navigation Exercise No. 1" was typical - it involved flying over the ocean along a route with two turns and training bombing. The route was standard, this and similar routes in the Bahamas region were systematically used for training flights for naval aviation pilots throughout the Second World War. The crew was experienced, the leading flight, Lieutenant Taylor, flew about 2500 hours on this type of torpedo bombers, and his cadets were not newcomers either - they had a total flight time of 350 to 400 hours, of which at least 55 hours on Avengers of this type.

The planes took off from the Navy base in Fort Lauderdale, successfully completed the training mission, but then some kind of nonsense begins. The link goes off course, Taylor turns on the emergency radio beacon and turns out to be direction finding - within a radius of 100 miles from the point with coordinates 29 ° 15 's. NS. 79 ° 00 ′ W Then they change course several times, but cannot understand where they are: Lieutenant Taylor decided that the flight's aircraft were over the Gulf of Mexico (it seems that this mistake was a consequence of his belief that the islands over which they flew were the Florida archipelago. Keys, and a flight to the northeast should take them to the Florida Peninsula). The fuel is running out, Taylor gives the command to splash down, and ... there was never more news from them. The flight rescue seaplane PBM-5 Martin "Mariner" did not find anyone or anything, and he himself also disappeared.

Later, a large-scale operation was carried out to search for the missing aircraft, three hundred army and navy aircraft and twenty-one ships were involved in it. National Guard units and volunteers combed the Florida coastline, the Florida Keys and the Bahamas in search of wreckage. The operation was terminated to no avail after a few weeks, and all of the lost crews were officially reported missing.

A Navy investigation initially blamed Lieutenant Taylor; however, they later changed the official report, and the link was described as "due to unknown reasons". Neither the bodies of the pilots nor a single aircraft were found. This story seriously added to the mystery of the legend of the Bermuda Triangle.

These 15 facts are considered mystical and mysterious by the media of those countries that during the Second World War called themselves allies of the USSR. Whether to share their views on that war and their ability to list many facts, but never mention the USSR as the winner of Nazism is everyone's personal business. What is indisputable is that any war gives rise to myths and legends that will survive for many generations.

On the eve of the Victory Day celebrations, a standard set of "myths about war" is popping up on the Internet again. Well, those where "Stalin is worse than Hitler", "the USSR - and was the initiator of the war", "filled up with corpses" and other "millions of raped German women", as well as "whitewashed in the US war, and the Soviet Union only slightly participated."

These myths do not change from year to year, and knowing that again this information wave will rush through the vastness of the network, it is worth once again exposing the most popular of them. Fortunately, there is a lot of historical research on this topic, and you just need to convey this information to the widest audience.

It should also be remembered that all this talk about the Second World War, they are only partly about the past. Mainly all these myths about our present and future. Undermining our glorious past, the titanic efforts and sacrifices of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War, Russophobic propagandists are simply trying to show that Russia is a monster. Was in the past, will drop out now and will be so in the future. A country incapable of anything other than mass murder and looting. Which itself also provoked Hitler.

Therefore, in fact, it is necessary to expose this mythology every year as it appears in the current information agenda.

So, one of the popular tales in the liberal, oppositional environment is the myth of the friendship between Stalin and Hitler, and that German weapons were “forged in the USSR”. A number of historians have already spoken about this in due time. For example, relatively recently, the researcher of the Second World War Yevgeny Spitsyn in his interview once again spoke about who and how exactly "forged the weapon of the Millennial Reich."

And this is during the period of "interbellum", between the First and Second World Wars, there were economic interests of the United States and Britain with France and other "European democracies." Who, in fact, until the very end of the 30s were much more afraid of the USSR than Germany and fascism. Actually, it was the Europeans who supported, for example, the severing of territories from Czechoslovakia. And in general, Germany's campaign "to the East."

As for the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the active indignation of the “progressive public” about this, Spitsyn explains: “Stalin simply outplayed European geopoliticians in one click. In fact, having signed a pact a week before Hitler's attack on Poland, he brought down the entire multi-rover and the structure that had been born in their heads a few years before. They came simply in indescribable horror. The winners of the diplomatic battles of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries believed that they would fool anyone. Not circled!

Hitler signed a plan of war against Poland, code-named "Weiss" in April 1939, that is, 4 months before the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Hitler attacks Poland. It is clear that he will not stop at Poland. Where should he go next? According to the plan of the strategists in Paris and London, Hitler was to move further east. He himself wrote about the "living space" in the East. And they were already sitting in anticipation, they brought him to power for this. And what is Hitler doing ?! He signed an agreement with the USSR and moved his hordes westward. And we know very well how it ended for European countries.

That is why the pact causes burning hatred among members of our liberal public. Stalin defeated European diplomacy and strategy even before the start of the war. "

Similar information about how the West "moved" Hitler's Germany to the East, how it provoked the war with the USSR, was given in 2016 in his article by historian Alexander Chausov: “The year 1925 is coming, in which the Locarno conference is taking place.

By and large, it was she who determined the advance of the Third Reich, primarily to the East. For example, in the paragraph that Germany undertakes to respect the territorial integrity of the Western European powers. But somehow everyone forgot about Eastern Europe. The second point - the Locarno agreements in a very streamlined form recognized the right to "consolidate all Germans in a single sovereign state."

And, what is especially important, now the aggressor state was considered the one that first attacked just another Western European state. In 1933, Hitler came to power in Germany, and, in fact, the first thing he began to do was to translate the Locarno Agreements into practice the way he understood it.

It looked something like this: the Reich seized another territory, violated another clause of the Versailles accords, carried out another militaristic initiative, and then declared that "on this the interests of Germany are completely satisfied." And the European allies "believed" this. Well, people go to the East, it doesn't touch us too much. "

In other words, the West fed and nurtured the fascist monster, and entered the war with it only when it turned out that this monster did not intend to obey the West and act in its global interests.

One way or another, but the USSR was attacked by Germany. And the won for our country was very difficult. We have suffered millions of losses - and in this connection there are also several "myths". Firstly, about the "overwhelmed with corpses" and that the entire Red Army was captured by the Germans. Therefore, the USA and the allies defeated Germany. Who fought during the last stages of the Great Patriotic War and entered Berlin - in this case it is not very clear. But where propaganda myths are created, logic does not seem to matter.

In this regard, the answer is again given by historian Yevgeny Spitsyn: “For example, the same prisoners who were taken in the first months of the war, they said that almost the entire Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was taken prisoners in the first months of the war - there are 3-3 , 5 million people. This is a lie that some people still post. Serious historians specially engaged in this calculation - in the first weeks of the war, about 500-550 thousand were taken prisoner. Near Kiev, too, the number of prisoners went to hundreds of thousands, but not 650 thousand, as liberal historians say, about 430 thousand. This, of course, is a lot, but it is not three million people. "

At the same time, the researcher emphasizes, “the most important result of the border battles, the Smolensk battle, the battle for Kiev, etc. was that Barbarossa's plan collapsed. They knocked Hitler off the schedule. Lightning war did not happen, and Hitler lost the war in 1941. This was clear to everyone. The only question was in the time when the back of Hitler would finally be broken. Therefore, all those who fought in 1941 should be given the lowest and most sacred bow for the fact that with their lives, in fact, predetermined our victory in May 1945 ”.

But that's not all. Those who "wade" through the "rubble of corpses" and "the valor of the allies" stumble upon the notorious German women. In the amount of two million rapes. These figures, as it turned out last year, were invented by Anthony Beevor, a British Sovietologist, and, logically, a fierce Russophobe. He derived two million rapes from nine (!!!) known cases of violence. By the way, all the guilty Soviet soldiers went to court. Yes, unfortunately, such deplorable things have happened, but the perpetrators bore inevitable punishment, and such cases were vanishingly few.

In parallel with the rape, the Western and our liberal public are telling quite ridiculous things about "theft of bicycles." Allegedly, a Soviet soldier tried to steal a bicycle from a Berliner and was captured on camera during this activity. As it became known back in 2010, the soldier was buying a bicycle. At least in the explanatory entry for this photograph it is written exactly like this: "Russian Soldier Tries to Buy Bicycle from Woman in Berlin, 1945".

And finally, we are "treated" with a phrase that is attributed to Zhukov, Voroshilov, Stalin, Peter I in general, or Apraksin, about "Don't regret the soldier, women still give birth" - which is a typical propaganda craft without references to primary sources. But nevertheless, it is used by our "liberal community", which thus shows "the entire inhumanity of the Soviet system."

In general, all this, of course, is sad. And the fact that on the eve of Victory Day one has to write not about the outstanding feat of the Soviet people, but to expose the dirty tricks that pour on this feat from all sides is a sad reality of today. It is also sad that in the USA and Europe very few people already know the outline of those historical events... But there the case of anti-Russian propaganda is put on stream.

The main thing is that we, in Russia, remember everything correctly, and understand that we are alive thanks to the huge sacrifice of our ancestors.

As for the "myths", the wind of history will scatter them too.

The profession of a nurse, which implies the provision of medical care to people, bears primarily a patriotic duty. In the hottest spots, in the very heat of the war, a medical worker sneaks in. He pays no attention to explosions and shots around. He has one goal - to pull the wounded man out of the fire, from under the rubble, from under the very nose of the enemy. Pull him out of the battlefield on his own to a safe place, and then, not paying attention to his own exhaustion, provide the necessary medical assistance. In the history of nursing, there are thousands of examples of the courage and courage of paramedics. Of course, only love for the Fatherland, faith in the victory of their people over the invaders gave them strength in the most difficult moments. Therefore, first of all, a medical worker must be a patriot of his homeland. And one of the moments of instilling patriotism in the soul of each of us is the study of the history of our Motherland.

Rice. 1. Territory of the secondary school "Prigorodnenskaya secondary school"

The topic of my research was not chosen by chance. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 affected every home and every family. And now, 70 years after the victory, it would seem, what else can you remember? After all, so much has already been said, so much investigated. But, despite this, we have such settlements in which the echo of the war still remains. The last, most relevant example - in Shchigry in August 2013, a tractor driver plowed another fascist aerial bomb out of the ground.

Objectives of the work:

Find ways of possible movement of Soviet prisoners of war and fascist troops on the territory of the Shchigrovsky district in the period 1942-1943.

To develop a sense of patriotism among students of the Shchigrovsky Medical College, by introducing them to the historical heritage of Russia.

Study:

The study was carried out in the period May 2013 - October 2013 with the direct participation of students of OBOU SPO "Shchigrovsky Medical College".

The first stage of our work was the raising of some archival data:

On the presence of the 3rd army collection point (hereinafter 191 "Dulag") for Soviet prisoners of war on the territory of the Municipal public educational institution "Prigorodnenskaya secondary school" and the 4th army collection point for Soviet prisoners of war;

On the occupation of the territory of Shchigry and adjacent areas (Shchigrovsky, Timsky) in the period from 1941-43. articles by V. V. Korovin "I will share your path as a faithful friend."

About the main tank battle in the village of Prokhorovka;

and also about the movement of the Soviet 121 rifle division under the command of A.M.Bushin from Voronezh in the direction of Kursk in February 1943, when the main battles took place in the urban-type village of Kastornoye, the village of Sovetskoye, the village of Mikhailovka (Cheremisinosvsky district ), Fertilizer station (Avan-guard settlement).

Notice

Mountains ._________________

village ______________________

We hereby inform you that you are compulsorily recruited

to Germany, and therefore we offer you __________________ to 8 us. in the morning to appear at _________________ for

medical examination, and by ___________________ be ready for shipment to Germany.

Sergeant Major __________________

Volost clerk ______________________

Given to a citizen of the village of Sokolya Plota, Timsky district, Kursk region, Bulgakova Nina Timofeevna, in that her cat is registered with the Sokolsky headman and a tax in the amount of 20 rubles. paid.

Head ____________________________ (signature)

Clerk ______________________________ (signature)

But along with these data, an interesting fact surfaced about the presence of prisoner of war camps located on the territory of the Kursk and nearby regions.

These are the transit and sorting camps "Dulag", located in Kastorny, Kursk and Belgorod, "Stalag" - a camp for prisoners of war of private and non-commissioned officers in Orel

			Current location	State
		Belgorod	Belgorod region		August 1942
		Castor	Kursk region

Rice. 2. “The road from the village. Prigorodnyaya in with. Falcon "

In contrast to them, the army assembly and transit points performed the task of quickly transferring prisoners of war to the camps located in the rear.

Hence it follows that the inhabitants of our occupied city and the surrounding areas could have witnessed the departure of Soviet prisoners of war to the aforementioned transit and sorting camps.

The next stage of our work was the search for information confirming our guesses. From the article "In the years

Great Patriotic War "D. Sundukov, A. Brusentsev, published on the site" narod.ru "in the historical heading:" .4 July 1942 German troops occupied Kastornoye. For seven months they ruled our land. Despite the established "new order", the population sabotaged the instructions of the German commandant, evaded theft to Germany. Our Komsomol members acted underground: Shura Shmykova, who took courses in radio operators, Natasha Lemberg, who had just graduated from a ten-year school, knew German and French well, and worked as a translator in the household commandant's office. Lena Demidova, Maria Rykunova, who crossed the front line twice, kept in touch with them ... "

Collecting data on transit and sorting camps, the members of the circle came across information about the state of the Kursk-Belgorod railway; The Great Patriotic War - 1941 ":". For two days - October 23 and 24, 1942 - five kilometers from Belgorod, near the suburban village of Streletsky, Soviet soldiers fought a stubborn battle with superior enemy forces. The last echelons left the Belgorod station. In the steam locomotive depot, a steam boiler room was blown up, a span of a railway bridge collapsed into the Seversky Donets. " , from the book of I. G. Ehrenburg War. 1941 - 1945: “The Kurds were not only waiting. Kuryans fought against the invaders. Railwaymen blew up German steam locomotives. The girls were transporting weapons. The partisans killed the Germans. " ... This historical reference and study of the Kursk railway map and Belgorod regions, prompted us to think that the movement of troops and prisoners could pass along the highway "Voronezh-Kursk", with an exit to the village. Besedino, and through it on the 39-railway km and further, already in echelons in the direction of Belgorod. But then there should be an additional and shortest exit from Shchigry to the Voronezh-Kursk highway.

Studying satellite and topographic maps of the area, we came across a barely noticeable country road leading towards the village of Tim, it is much shorter in distance, hidden from the human eye by landings, that is, it is quite convenient for transferring troops and prisoners of war. This road, going from the village of Prigorodnee to the village of Sokolye, has access to the Voronezh - Kursk highway, passes through several settlements - Avdeevka village, Morozovka village, s. Falcon.

After interviewing several residents of these villages, we found out that in these places in the spring and autumn in their gardens, they dig out a large number of shell casings from the time of the Great Patriotic War.

From the memoirs of Alexei Stefanovich Vorobyov, a native of the village of Lezhenki, living in the village. Sokolye, together with his family for 70 years, fought on the Belorussian front in 1944-1945 and was wounded near Mozyr (Belarus) in April 1945: “In the summer of 1942, my fellow villagers and I were taken prisoner by the Germans ... There were 12 of us in total - 8 girls and 4 guys. They drove us to pave the road from Shchigry to Kursk, through the field and planting. We lived in So-Kolye, in the cellar of a destroyed house, which was not far from the dam. We were treated very cruelly. We were fed once every three days. Water was given half a bucket for everyone. Once they pulled us out to drive us to work, and we saw our soldiers behind the pond, tried to break through to them. A firefight broke out between the Germans and our soldiers. So we escaped from captivity. "

The words of Aleksey Stefanovich about the cruel treatment not only with prisoners, but also with the villagers are confirmed by the declaration of the Hungarian fascist command, published in M. Lagutich's article "Occupation and Liberation":

From the announcement of the Hungarian fascist command:

“During the investigations, which were conducted against the persons committing the deliberate explosion on the railways, it was established that this subversive work was carried out with the help of the population of the nearest villages.

The headmen of the villages, policemen and peasants made a big mistake when they did not report these cases to the nearest military commandants or did not pay attention to the sentries.

Therefore, I draw the attention of the population to the need to immediately report any impending conspiracy or sabotage. If such actions are identified and hidden, every tenth person from the places closest to the incident will be executed, regardless of gender and age. This fate awaits all those who hide the conspirators or supply them with food or have information about it ...

At the same time, I inform the population if someone leads us on the trail or shows the whereabouts of partisans, paratroopers or saboteurs, they will receive a reward: money, a piece of land, or satisfaction in any request.

Hungarian military command ".

A conversation with Aleksey Stefanovich served as the basis for conducting an exploratory study. We examined an area with a total area of ​​500 sq. meters along the perimeter of the forest plantation strip at the intersection of the roads "Morozovka - Bogoyavlenka" and "Morozovka - Dubrova", as well as a freshly plowed field in the village of Avdeevka near the road "Prigorodnaya - Sokolye" (Fig. 2). Even without carrying out excavations on this territory, traces of the Great Patriotic War were found. Under a layer of autumn leaves, we found casings from cartridges of various calibers, further detailed study of which confirmed the information about the presence of Hungarian troops in the occupied territory, since among the casings of the "Mauser" cartridge there were also casings of Hungarian production.

Rice. 3. "A plowed-out shell for the 88-mm Flak anti-aircraft gun in the village of Avdeevka."

Rice. 4. Students of the Shchigrovsky Medical College with A.S. Vorobiev

Rice. 5. "Cases from the Mauser cartridge" on the plowed field. D. Morozovka ".

Also, a ravine was discovered and surveyed, obviously not of natural origin, according to our assumptions - a German trench. This theory was based on finds around the perimeter and in the center of the ravine: cartridges for the Parabellum pistol and the Mauser rifle, barbed wire along the edge facing the road. And also several cans, one of which was able to make out the inscription USSR, P126E7 and the date of issue 10.01. 39., it was not possible to establish exactly the manufacturer's plant (presumably the Leningrad region, the town of Slantsy). These banks allow us to conclude that in this place the location of the German troops was quite long in time.

Rice. 6. “Instead of mushrooms, Mauser shells grow here. Landing village Morozovka "

Rice. 7. “Trench with German bullets. Landing of the village of Morozovka ".

Rice. 8. "Barbed wire around the perimeter of the trench."

Rice. 9. "Tin can. Trench".

Rice. 10. “Cases from German illuminating cartridges. Landing. village Morozovka "

Rice. 11. "Button from German underwear, soldier"

This fact is also confirmed by some other finds, already in the search perimeter - aluminum sleeves from German lighting cartridges, which speaks of the location of stationary posts of the Nazis along the road and the conduct of round-the-clock duty at key points of the road (forks, intersections);

- unusual metal buttons, very small concave inward, with four holes inside for fixing - such buttons were used in German soldiers' underwear.

With regards to weapons, in total, we found more than 50 shells from the Second World War, in varying degrees of preservation. Below is a list of those casings and cartridges, the series and numbers of which I managed to consider:

Cases and cartridges found in a field near the village of Avdeevka.

1. Sleeve length 25 mm - P131s 7 - D.W. M. A.G., Werk Berlin-Borsigwalde, Berlin 7.63x25 mm Mauser pistol cartridge
2. P25s * 3 37 - the manufacturer is not identified
3. P25s * 1 36 - the manufacturer is not identified
4. P25s * 11 36 - the manufacturer is not identified
5. P131s * 3 39 - D.W. M. A.G., Werk Berlin-Borsigwalde, Berlin
6. P131s * 8 39 - D.W. M. A.G., Werk Berlin-Borsigwalde, Berlin
7. P131s * 4 39 - D.W. M. A.G., Werk Berlin-Borsigwalde, Berlin
8. P120s * 18 35 - Dynamit A. G., Werk Hannover-Empelde
9. P69s * 49 36 - The Sellier & Bellot trading company traditionally occupies a key position in the production of ammunition and is one of the oldest mechanical engineering companies in the Czech Republic, which is also one of the oldest in the world.
10. P69s * 83 37 - Sellier & Bellot, Czech Republic
11. P249 s * 12 38 - Finower Industriewerk GmbH, Finow / Mark,
12. P249s * 2 36 - Finower Industriewerk GmbH, Finow / Mark,
13. P340s * 2 38 - Metallwarenfabrik Silber ^ tte, St. Andreasberg, St. Andreansberg
14. Non-integral sleeve 53mm long - 1735 - Blank rifle cartridge, also used for throwing the VPGS-41 rifle grenade. At the bottom: plant - 17 (Barnaul), year of manufacture - 35 / or a cartridge for the Mosin rifle, made at the Podolsk cartridge plant number 17
15. Cartridge length - 75 mm (code not defined) - It is somewhat less common than the 7.92 mm German rifle cartridge. It was used by the German army and the Soviet militia for firing French Lebel rifles and Hotchkiss heavy machine guns.

Cases found in the field and plantings of the village of Morozovka

1. Sleeve aux * 15 40 - Polte Armaturen und Maschi-nenfabrik A. G., Poltestr. und Fichtestr., Werk Magdeburg, Sachsen
2. Ps * 8 37 - Polte Armaturen-u. Maschinenfa-brik A. G., Werk Magdeburg, Sachsen
3. P28s * 10 38 - DeutscheWaffen-u. Munitionsfa-brik A. G., Werk Karlsruhe. G. Durlakh
4. P186s * 6 37 - the manufacturer is not identified
5. P 131 s * 38 38 - D.W. M. A.G., Werk Berlin-Borsigwalde, Berlin
6. P131 s * 8 39 - D.W M. A.G., Werk Berlin-Borsig- walde, Berlin
7. Sleeve * 42 * - Chepel arsenal, g. Budapest, Hungary
8. Pk 67 dz 40 - Wytwornia Amunicji nr. 2, Poland
9. P316 S * 22 36 - Westfalische Metallindustrie, Westfalen.

4 of them were from Parabellum pistol cartridges, judging by the code located on them - "aux" - the cartridges were manufactured in Germany at the plant "Polte Ar-maturen und Maschinenfabrik A. G., Poltestr. und Ficht-estr., Werk Magdeburg, Sachsen ", were used during the Second World War as a weapon of a limited standard by privates and non-commissioned officers (who relied on pistols according to the state) in the technical branches of the German armed forces, the police and the troops SS. As for the other found cartridges, it is noteworthy that in some places of the forest plantation zone they were located in the ground at a distance of 2 m - 4 m from each other and practically on the same longitudinal line. The cartridge cases were of the same type, but with different inscriptions. The analysis of these casings showed that the live cartridges were for the Mauser model 98, 98a, 98k with a range of 2000m, since the caliber of all cartridges is 7.92. The lettering on the sleeves told their unique story.

Each sleeve has 4 alphanumeric marks that are responsible for certain characteristics: manufacturer's code, material code, batch number and year of manufacture.

For example, the case we found 36 P316 22 S, said that it was produced in 36, made of la-tuni, batch number 22, factory code P316 (Westfalische Metallindustrie, Westfalen), this is a classic non-German-made rifle case "Mauser").

But, the 40 Pk 67 dz case made us delve into the literature and find its history, this case (40 Pk 67 dz), was produced in the city of Rembertov, 15 km from Warsaw in 40, for the Mauser rifle and has a brass coating.

The article "Patrons of Poland", printed in the September issue of the magazine "MASTERRUZHJO" for 2006, helped us in this: "In February 1921, the Polish Ministry of Defense opened the first state-owned plant for the production of rifle cartridges, including the release of cartridge 7.92x57 "Mauser". After the occupation of Poland in 1939, the company for the production of Polish cartridges Zaklady Amunicyjne "Pocisk SA", located until 1935 in Rembertow (15 km from Warsaw), was renamed in 1939 to Wytwornia Amunicji nr. 2. This factory designated cartridges with letters Pk. "

An interesting and unusual find turned out to be a sleeve with the coding * 42 *

During the analysis, it was found that such casings were produced for arming the Hungarian army by the Chepel Arsenal in Budapest for the G.98 / 40 rifle. This rifle (also known as the puska 43M) was developed at the Hungarian arms factory FEG in Budapest in 1941, commissioned by the German army, under the standard German 7.92x57 Mauser rifle cartridge. To save time and resources, the rifle was created on the basis of the design of the Hungarian 35M rifle. In units of the German army, this rifle had the index Infanterie Gewehr 98/40, or briefly Gew.98 / 40 or G.98 / 40. In 1943, the G.98 / 40 rifle with minor cosmetic changes was adopted by the Hungarian army under the 43M index.

During the identification of the cartridges and cartridges found in the area of ​​the village of Morozovka and the village of Avdeevka, two cartridges were found that can be attributed to patrons of the Soviet army. This find may be confirmation of the presence of a reconnaissance or partisan Soviet detachment, advancing from the village of Tim. Since in this settlement, based on the maps of the military situation of the Soviet and German fronts, the front line passed. This is also confirmed by the story of M. A. Bushin, commander of the 121st rifle division, about the operation to liberate the city of Shchigry in February 1943: “At that time, the division headquarters was five kilometers east of the city at the fork in the Cheremisinovo-Tim road ... "

The results of the search work, the presence of a large number of cartridges from German cartridges, a projectile from the German 88-mm Flak anti-aircraft gun, the testimony of an eyewitness and participant in the events of that time A.S.Vorobyov confirm our guesses about the position of German troops on the Shchigrovsky border and Timsky districts in the period of 1942, on the possible movement of prisoners of war for their further transfer to the transit - sorting camps "Dulag", and then in an unknown direction.

Availability a large number at the intersection of the roads "Morozovka - Bogoyavlenka" and "Morozovka - Dubrova" live cartridges of fascist troops, tells us not only about good weapons fascist army, but also a possible defensive position taken in relation to such strategic objects of that time as roads. This is especially true for the section of the road under study that leads to the Voronezh-Kursk highway. This road was important for the Nazis as a possible reserve for retreat and for receiving reinforcements during the winter of 1942-1943. Since this section of the road connects the exit to Besedino, and therefore the approach to the railway track, with the occupied area of ​​Shchigrov, bypassing such locality like Tim, from whose side in December 1942 an offensive operation of our troops was planned with the aim of liberating the Kursk region from the Nazi occupation. This fact is confirmed not only by the map of the situation on the Soviet-German front in December 1942, but also by the reminiscences of E. Krestikova, a former communications officer of the division: “The 121st division included the 297th artillery regiment. It consisted of three divisions. The third division interacted with the 705th rifle regiment. After heavy fighting for Voronezh, Kastornoye and other points, we did not count many artillerymen. Especially heavy losses were in the seventh battery. When approaching Shchigra, many girls from other units expressed a desire to replace the retired soldiers, to become artillerymen.

The battalion commander allowed the girls to stand at the combat weapon. By the end of February 2, 1943, we occupied a settlement near Shchigry. A heated battle ensued for the city.

Our girls fought off enemy counterattacks all day. The fascists equipped observation posts and embrasures on the roofs of houses, from where our forward positions were clearly visible and shot through. For two days they fought fierce battles near Besedino, then for the villages - Klyukva, Lebyazhye, Kolpakovka and then for Kursk. " ...

As the collected historical and literary information shows, in February 1943, the Soviet soldiers did everything to isolate the German troops stationed in the Shchigrovsky region and push them back towards Belgorod. From the article “Belgorod during the Great Patriotic War - 1941”: “After the glorious victories won in the battle on the Volga and the offensive battles of the first half of 1943, the troops of the Bryansk, Central and Voronezh fronts deeply wedged into the enemy's position west of Kursk. The front line here formed the shape of an arc, on the southern ledge of it was Belgorod, on the north - Ponyri. On July 12, the largest tank battle in the history of wars began near Prokhorovka, in which one thousand two hundred tanks operated simultaneously. The enemy was stopped, suffered huge losses, and then, after several stubborn battles, was thrown back to Belgorod. " ...

Conclusion: The information obtained at this stage of the research revealed many new facts of the occupation of Shchigrov. Of course, so far we have not been able to carry out more detailed research in the area of ​​the village of Morozovka, which is associated with the seasonality of prospecting work, as well as the need for the direct participation of the staff of the Kursk Museum of Local Lore in the organization of further archaeological activities. Therefore, we transferred all the historical data and artifacts obtained in the course of the research to the Shchigrovsky branch of the Kursk Museum of Local Lore for detailed study, and we hope for further joint cooperation in this direction.

The road leading from the village of Prigorodnaya to the village of Sokolye with access to the Voronezh - Kursk highway could be an important strategic object both for driving prisoners of war to the transit and sorting camps of Kursk and Belgorod, supplying the fascist army, and February 1943.

Active search and research activities in the field historical heritage his homeland, promotes the development of feelings of patriotism, respect and love for their homeland among students of the Shchigrovsky Medical College.

Kopylovich Malvina Vitalievna, teacherOBOO SPO "Shchigrovsky Medical College" (Kursk region)

From the collection “Historical Research: Materials of the II International. scientific. conf. (Chita, December 2013) ".

Literature:

1. R. Kolosok. The article "In Schigry, a tractor driver found a German aerial bomb."
2. Military-patriotic page "Memoirs of participants in the battles for Shchigry", gas. Regional bulletin No. 10, 01.02.2013
3. Alexander Gfüllner, Aleksander Rostocki, Werner Schwarz List of Fascist POW Camps.
4. D. Sundukov, A. Brusentsev. Article "During the Great Patriotic War."
5. Railway map of Kursk region.
6. Map - scheme of the Kursk region.
7. Satellite map of Kursk region.
8. Summary table of Mauser design rifles for smokeless powder.
9. Brands and codes of manufacturers of German cases before 1945.
10. A. Bortsov "Patrons of Poland" Magazine "Masterruzhe" No. 114, 2006.
11. Article "Belgorod during the Great Patriotic War - 1941".
12. Map of the Battle of Kursk. Defensive battle in July 1943
13. Camps of Soviet prisoners of war in Belarus, reference book, Minsk - 2004
14. Ehrenburg I.G. War. 1941 - 1945. M., 2004. S. 366-381.
15. Map "Situation on the Soviet-German front in December 1942".
16. S. Monetchikov. "Parabellum": If you want peace, prepare for war "ZH". BROTHER "for special purpose units, No. 8, 2006
17. Map "Counteroffensive near Moscow and the general offensive of the Soviet army in the western direction on December 5, 1941 - April 20, 1942" ..
18. M. Lagutich. Article "Occupation and Liberation".
19. Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - 417, op. 9855, d.2, l.96; op. 27266, house 4, l.100
20. Modern small arms of the world.
21. Cartridges for Wehrmacht pistols. The magazine "Arms" No. 10 2000
22. Archival materials of the Museum of History and Local Lore of the Lomonosov District of the Leningrad Region.

Closely connected with the subconscious, with the depths of the human psyche, mysticism sometimes brings such surprises that the hairs on the head stand on end. This was also during the Great Patriotic War. When people were on the verge of death, they understood: the need for a miracle is of the same nature as air and water, as bread and life itself.

And miracles were performed. Only now it is not known for certain what lay in their basis.

Time is the most mysterious physical quantity. Its vector is unidirectional, the speed seems to be constant. But in the war ...

Elena Zaitseva, nurse of the sanitary transport ship.

Many front-line soldiers who survived the bloody battles were surprised to notice that their hours were behind. Yelena Yakovlevna Zaitseva, a nurse of the Volga military flotilla, who was taking out the wounded from Stalingrad, said that when their sanitary transport ship came under fire, the watches of all doctors stopped. Nobody could understand anything.

“Academicians Viktor Shklovsky and Nikolai Kardashev hypothesized that there was a delay in the development of the Universe, which amounted to about 50 billion years. Why not assume that during periods of such global shocks as the Second World War the usual course of time was not disturbed? This is absolutely logical. Where cannons rattle, bombs explode, the regime of electromagnetic radiation changes, and time itself changes. "

Fought after death

Anna Fedorovna Gibailo (Nyukhalova) is from Bor. Before the war she worked at a glass factory, studied at the technical school of physical education, taught at school No. 113 in the city of Gorky, at an agricultural institute.

In September 1941, Anna Fedorovna was sent to a special school, and after graduation - to the front. After completing the assignment, she returned to Gorky, and in June 1942, as part of a fighter battalion under the command of Konstantin Kotelnikov, crossed the front line and began to operate behind enemy lines in the Leningrad region. When the time was given, she kept a diary.

“Heavy fighting with enemy tanks and infantry,” she wrote on 7 September. - The fight began at 5 am. The commander ordered: Anya - to the left flank, Masha - to the right, Viktor and Alekseev were with me. They are behind the machine gun in the dugout, and I am in the shelter with the machine gun. The first chain was mowed down by our machine guns, the second chain of Germans grew. The whole village was on fire. Victor is wounded in the leg. She crawled across the field, dragged him into the forest, threw branches, he said that Alekseev was wounded. I crawled back to the village. All my pants were torn, my knees were covered in blood, I crawled out of the oat field, and the Germans were walking along the road. A terrible picture - they rocked and threw a man into a burning bath, I suppose that it was Alekseev ”.

The soldier executed by the Nazis was buried locals... However, the Germans, having learned about this, dug up the grave and threw out the charred corpse. At night, some kind soul buried Alekseev for the second time. And then it began ...

A few days later, a detachment of Fritzes marched from the village of Shumilovka. Only they were level with the cemetery, an explosion thundered, three soldiers were left lying on the ground, one more was wounded. For some unknown reason, a grenade detonated. While the Germans were figuring out what's what, one of them gasped, grabbed his heart and fell down dead. And he was tall, young and perfectly healthy.

Was it a heart attack or something else? Residents of a small village on the Shelon River are sure: this was revenge on the Nazis of the deceased soldier. And as a confirmation of this, there is one more story. A policeman hanged himself in the cemetery next to Alekseev's grave during the war. Maybe my conscience tortured me, maybe with a binge. But come on - you have not found any other place besides this.

Hospital stories

Elena Yakovlevna Zaitseva had to work in the hospital. And there I heard a lot of different stories.

... One of her charges came under shelling, his leg was blown off. Talking about this, he assured that some unknown force transported him several meters - where the shells did not reach. For a minute, the fighter lost consciousness. I woke up from pain - it was difficult to breathe, the nausea seemed to penetrate even into the bones. And above him - a white cloud, which seemed to protect the wounded soldier from bullets and shrapnel. And for some reason he believed that he would survive, that he would be saved.

And so it happened. Soon a nurse crawled up to him. And only then the explosions of shells began to be heard, the iron butterflies of death fluttered again ...

Another patient, a battalion commander, was taken to hospital in critical condition. He was very weak and his heart stopped during the operation. However, the surgeon managed to bring the captain out of the state clinical death... And gradually he began to get better.

The battalion commander used to be an atheist - the party members do not believe in God. And then it seemed to be replaced. According to him, during the operation, he felt that he was leaving his body, rising upward, seeing people in white coats bent over him, floating along some dark corridors to a light firefly flickering in the distance, a small ball of light ...

He felt no fear. He simply did not have time to realize anything when light, a sea of ​​light, burst into the eyelessness of the impenetrable night. The captain was seized with delight and awe at something inexplicable. A gentle, painfully familiar voice said:

- Come back, you still have a lot to do.

And finally, the third story. A military doctor from Saratov was shot and lost a lot of blood. He urgently needed a transfusion, but there was no blood of his group in the infirmary.

Nearby lay a still uncooled corpse - the wounded man died on the operating table. And the military doctor said to his colleague:

- Pour his blood to me.

The surgeon twisted his finger at his temple:

- Do you want two corpses?

“I’m sure it will help,” said the military doctor, falling into oblivion.

Such an experiment seems to have not been carried out anywhere else. And he succeeded. The wounded man's deathly pale face turned pink, his pulse recovered, he opened his eyes. After being discharged from the Gorky hospital No. 2793, the Saratov military doctor, whose last name Elena Yakovlevna had forgotten, again went to the front.

And Zaitseva, after the war, was surprised to learn that back in 1930, one of the most talented surgeons in the history of Russian medicine, Sergei Yudin, for the first time in the world transfused the blood of a deceased person to his patient and helped him recover. This experiment was classified for many years, but how could a wounded military doctor know about it? One can only guess.

The premonition did not deceive

We die alone. Nobody knows in advance when this will happen. But in the bloodiest massacre in the history of mankind, which claimed tens of millions of lives, in the mortal collision of good and evil, many felt their own and others' destruction. And this is not accidental: war sharpens feelings.

Fedor and Nikolai Solovievs (left to right) before being sent to the front. October 1941.

Fedor and Nikolai Soloviev went to the front from Vetluga. Their paths crossed several times during the war. Lieutenant Fyodor Soloviev was killed in 1945 in the Baltics. Here is what his elder brother wrote to his relatives about his death on April 5 of the same year:

“When I was in their unit, soldiers and officers told me that Fedor was a loyal comrade. One of his friends, a company chief, cried when he learned of his death. He said that they had talked the day before, and Fyodor admitted that this battle is unlikely to go well, his heart feels something unkind. "

There are thousands of such examples. Political instructor of the 328th rifle regiment, Alexander Tyushev (after the war, he worked in the Gorky regional military registration and enlistment office) recalled that on November 21, 1941, some unknown force forced him to leave the command post of the regiment. And a few minutes later, the command post covered a land mine. As a result of a direct hit, everyone who was there died.

In the evening, Alexander Ivanovich wrote to his relatives: “Our dugouts cannot withstand such shells ... 6 people were killed, among them commander Zvonarev, medical instructor Anya and others. I could be among them. "

Front bikes

Guard sergeant Fyodor Larin worked as a teacher in the Chernukhinsky district of the Gorky region before the war. He knew from the first days: he would not be killed, he would return home, but in one of the battles he would be wounded. And so it happened.

Larin's fellow countryman, senior sergeant Vasily Krasnov, was returning to his division after being wounded. I caught a ride that was carrying shells. But suddenly Vasily was seized by a strange uneasiness. He stopped the car and went on foot. Anxiety was released. A few minutes later, the lorry ran into a mine. There was a deafening explosion. In fact, nothing remained of the car.

And here is the story of the former director of the Gagin secondary school, front-line soldier Alexander Ivanovich Polyakov. During the war years, he participated in the battles near Zhizdra and Orsha, liberated Belarus, crossed the Dnieper, Vistula and Oder.

- In June 1943, our unit was deployed southeast of Buda-Monastyrskaya in Belarus. They were forced to go on the defensive. Around - a forest. We have trenches, and so do the Germans. Now they go on the attack, then we.

In the company where Polyakov served, there was one soldier whom no one loved, because he predicted who would die when and under what circumstances. Predicted, it should be noted, quite accurately. At the same time, he spoke to the next victim like this:

- Write a letter home before you get killed.

That summer, after completing the mission, scouts from a neighboring unit came to the company. The soldier-fortuneteller, glancing at their commander, said:

- Write home.

They explained to the foreman that the clouds had thickened over him. He returned to his unit and told the commander about everything. The regiment commander laughed and sent the foreman for replenishment deep in the rear. And it must be like this: a German shell accidentally hit the car in which the foreman was traveling, and he died. Well, the seer was found by an enemy bullet on the same day. He could not predict his death.

Something mysterious

It is not by chance that ufologists consider the places of bloody battles and mass graves to be geopathogenic zones. Anomalous phenomena are really happening here all the time. The reason is clear: there are many unburied remains, and all living things avoid these places, even birds do not nest here. It's really scary in places like this at night. Tourists and search engines say that strange sounds, as if from another world, are heard, and indeed something mysterious is happening.

The search engines operate officially, but the "black diggers" who are looking for weapons and artifacts of the Great Patriotic War - at their own peril and risk. But the stories of both are similar. For example, where the Bryansk Front passed from the winter of 1942 to the end of the summer of 1943, the devil knows what is going on.

So, the word "black archaeologist" Nicodemus (this is his nickname, he hides his last name):

- We set up camp on the banks of the Zhizdra River. They dug up a German dugout. We left the skeletons by the pit. And at night we hear German speech, the noise of tank engines. Frightened in earnest. In the morning we see the tracks of caterpillars ...

But who and why generates these phantoms? Maybe this is one of the warnings that we must not forget about the war, because a new one, even more terrible, may happen?

Conversation with great-grandmother

This can be believed or not. Nizhny Novgorod resident Alexei Popov lives in the upper part of Nizhny Novgorod, in the house where his parents, grandfathers and, possibly, even great-grandfathers lived. He is young and in business.

Last summer, Alexey went on a business trip to Astrakhan. From there I called my wife Natasha on my mobile phone. But her cell phone for some reason did not answer, and Alexey dialed the number of an ordinary apartment phone. The phone was picked up, but a child's voice answered. Alexey decided that he was in the wrong place, and dialed the desired number again. And again the child answered.

- Call Natasha, - said Alexey, he decided that someone was visiting his wife.

“I am Natasha,” the girl replied.

Alexei was confused. And the child was happy to communicate:

- I'm scared. Mom at work, I'm alone. Tell us what you do.

- I am now standing at the window and looking at the lights of another city.

“Just don’t deceive,” Natasha said. - In cities now blackout. There is no electricity, Gorky is being bombed ...

Popov was speechless.

- Do you have a war?

- Of course, the war is in 1943 ...

The conversation was interrupted. And then it dawned on Alexei. In some incomprehensible way he got in touch with his great-grandmother, whose name was Natalya Alexandrovna. How this could have happened, he simply cannot understand.

Tank mysteries of the Great Patriotic War

And to this day, a popular misconception is that at the beginning of World War II, the German army had a significant superiority in the number of available tanks. Recent investigations by researchers, as well as previously hushed up and now known eyewitness accounts, refute this. But first things first.

For the first time, a reason for reflection on the tank topic arose immediately after the start of the spring campaign of 1942, when, despite heavy losses superiority in tanks was finally achieved. The Kharkov operation of 1942 is one of the most dramatic events of the Great Patriotic War. Of the three Soviet armies that were surrounded, only 20 thousand soldiers managed to get out. The reader who ponders the reasons for such a tragedy is the first to think about the enemy's military-technical advantage. However, the facts tell the opposite. The chief of staff of the ground forces of Nazi Germany, Franz Halder, described the actions of the tanks:

May 14. Strong attacks supported by a large number of tanks; south of Kharkov there are 3-5 tank divisions and 4-6 tank brigades, east of the city - 3 tank brigades; over 50 tanks were destroyed.

May 25. The successes of our troops in the fight against enemy tanks deserve attention. " As the reader understands, we are talking about Soviet tanks.

Starting the Kharkov operation, the front had two tank corps against two German tank divisions. Thus, we had almost a thousand tanks, that is, several times more than the enemy's. However, five days later, the initiative on the Barvenkovsky ledge passed to the Germans. In less than a week, the superiority in tanks evaporated in an incredible way: either it did not exist at all, or it was not possible to dispose of it properly ... To the requests of the Front Military Council for help, Stalin, among other things, replied: all the weapons produced throughout the country will suffice. " So, "from above" the reason for tank failures was then seen in poor command and control of troops.

On July 8, 1942, the previously mentioned F. Halder wrote the following: "Of the 600 enemy tanks, 289 were destroyed." In August, he noted that "the Russians suffered heavy tank losses." On September 11, when the German headquarters was counting our losses, Halder wrote down: "The enemy lost 600 tanks" - and added that no more than a third of them could be sent for repairs. But on September 20, he suddenly noted in his military diary: "In Stalingrad, the fatigue of the advancing troops is gradually beginning to be felt."

On the same day, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, Stalin, summoned to the Headquarters the leadership of the tank army that had just been withdrawn into the reserve: commander P. Romanenko, member of the Military Council S. Melnikov (he described this technique), as well as the head of the Main Armored Directorate of the Red Army, Ya. Fedorenko. The immediate reason for Stalin's "tank reception" could have been the failure of the Soviet command to win Stalingrad battle at the very beginning of one powerful tank strike (150 tanks). The Supreme Commander-in-Chief drew attention to the "shortcomings in the actions of tankers" noted in the order for the army: insufficient maneuverability, poor use of firepower, low effectiveness of fire. Such characteristics, in fact, meant failure.

And then it turned out that Stalin, most likely, had invited practical tankers together with the tank manager because he had received data on the "survivability" of German tanks. It turned out that Soviet combat vehicles withstand from 1 to 3 attacks, while German ones - at least 5, or even 15! That is 5 times more! Despite the massive use, the Soviet tank forces melted away, not bringing the expected success.

There were absolutely logical questions: why our tanks "live" less? Are they inferior to German ones in quality? or is it something else? How can there not be a suspicion that the bet on the new T-34 medium tank is wrong? But the tank commander rejected this hypothesis and expressed his opinion: "We have less trained driver mechanics." He also explained the reason for this: "They get the practice of driving from 5 to 10 hours, after which they go into battle." And in order to learn how to drive a tank, it was necessary, according to Fedorenko, to practice for at least 25 hours! It was a bold phrase, because to the generalissimo's question: "What prevents better training of driver mechanics and spending more hours on their training?" - I had to answer that, in accordance with the order of Stalin himself, it was forbidden to spend more than 10 hours on training (and in fact they were not given that either)! No, the Supreme Commander did not cancel his order, but ... forbade it to be carried out: soon a new order was received, prohibiting saving motor resources in the process of combat training. One-man command on a country-wide scale made it possible both to implement ridiculous decisions with tragic consequences and to quickly annul them.

The next year, 1943, with its major tank battles, including the largest tank battle in history at Prokhorovaya on the Kursk Bulge, again gave rise to reflections on the same topic. In the West, they claim that the Red Army lost several times more tanks at Kursk than the Wehrmacht.

When the battle of Kursk died down, another tank commander, Pavel Rybalko, thought: “I want to understand why we lost so many tanks. Whether only from enemy fire or ... "S. Melnikov recalled a conversation with the Supreme Commander about the survivability of tanks:" Let's gather a conference of mechanics-drivers. " But they began to talk not only about "their own": intelligence is being conducted poorly; management is not always clearly organized; the crew often does not know the task at hand, at best they know the tasks of the corps, therefore, if the lead vehicle comes off, the rest are lost and lag far behind; no signaling means are used; due to factory imperfections, tanks sometimes fail at the very beginning of an attack; replenishment driver-mechanics make serious mistakes due to lack of experience; some crews do not know how to fire on the move. The army commander agreed with everything noted and ordered to eliminate the shortcomings.

So the reasons for the tank problems were both "above" and "below". They were eliminated not in a month or a year. For technical backwardness, it was necessary to pay not only with materiel, but also with the lives of tankers. It is no coincidence that Marshal G. Zhukov's book "Memories and Reflections" does not provide comparable data on tanks at the time of the attack on the Soviet Union. From the Soviet side, only the number of heavy and medium tanks is given, from the enemy's side - all, plus self-propelled artillery mounts. And here is the secret edition of 1958 "Operations of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." gave the exact figure of the ratio of tank forces in the border area.

The ratio of German and Soviet tanks at the time of Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union was 1: 4.9, that is, the superiority of the Soviet Union was obvious. From the book of G. Zhukov we learn that among others we had "a significant number of light Soviet tanks of outdated design." But the enemy also had light tanks. And then, near Prokhorovka, not only medium T-34s, but also light tanks were attacking heavy Tigers, flying at breakneck speed and shooting at the tracks ... districts received a directive to bring the troops to combat readiness and dispersal. And if the soldiers Brest Fortress at the time of the outbreak of the war lay in bed, it is primarily the fault of the command!

In the memoirs of Hermann Goth, the former commander of one of the German tank groups, you can read that it was the counter-attacks of tank units that stopped the advance of German troops in Ukraine, frustrating the plan for a rapid breakthrough to Kiev. At the time of the attack, the enemy had less than 4 thousand tanks and assault guns (the latter still could not fight on equal terms with tanks). It was a great force, but the psychological effect of the German tank attacks was even greater. Marshal Zhukov recalls a conversation that took place on June 24, 1941 with the commander of one of the armies (a very experienced general who received good practice in the battles on Khalkhin Gol), who reported that his army was attacked by up to 2 thousand tanks, but this is half of all combat vehicles of this type, which the enemy had on the entire immense front!

Over time, Soviet tank crews also learned to create "visibility". The author of the German doctrine of tank warfare, Heinz Guderian, writes in his memoirs that on October 6, 1941, a large number of Russian T-34 tanks were thrown against one of the divisions of his tank army, causing significant losses to our tanks. As a result, "the planned rapid attack on Tula had to be postponed for the time being." The estimate of the losses is correct: there were only 43 tanks! The appearance of "a large number" was created deliberately in order to hide from the enemy a very impressive disparity of forces: a brigade in which there was only one battalion of "thirty-fours" fought with a German tank division. The enemy had 20 times more tanks! And how could one not believe it, if only a group of Lieutenant Dmitry Lavrinenko, consisting of four T-34s, destroyed 15 enemy tanks without suffering losses, as well as two anti-tank guns and four motorcycles to boot. For a month of fighting, only the combat vehicle of Lavrinenko himself chalked up 52 tanks, several guns, a dozen cars, and a mortar battery.

So in terms of their fighting qualities, Soviet tanks, such as the T-34, were not inferior to German ones. Even crews without much combat experience were able to work wonders on them. This is evidenced by the fact that when the rifle units drove the Germans out of Przemysl (on the first day of the war!), 13 T-34s held back 50 German tanks on the outskirts of the city, knocking out 14 of them. "Thirty-fours" departed in full force. The English tank historian Douglas Orgill, in his book about the T-34, notes: “The Russian command now (in the summer of 1941) discovered that the possession of a weapon is a decisive factor only when the owner knows how to use it ... The T-34 was in the hands of Stavka ... still a rapier in the hands of a beginner. " So it was necessary to study not only ordinary tankers, but also marshals! By the way, D. Orgill cites the data of the German command in the book, and without questioning them: on the other hand, the “agonizing summer” of 1941, the Red Army lost 18 thousand tanks - that is how many, apparently, opposed the invaders on June 22.

It is not known how the military events would unfold, and with them, possibly, the whole world history if Mikhail Koshkin and his design bureau in Kharkov had not made the T-34 high-tech and highly repairable. German intelligence was unable to find out, so on July 4, Hitler said: “It's good that we defeated the tank ... forces of the Russians at the very beginning. The Russians will never be able to restore them again. "

We started talking about tanks not at all in order to hang regular labels on someone. After all, the past cannot be returned. It should not be ashamed or hushed up. But to learn a lesson - military, managerial, political, economic - is necessary. And it consists in the fact that everything is decided in a war not by the numerical advantage and not even technical in itself, but by the level of technique.

From the book Technique and armament 2003 08 the author Technics and Armament Magazine

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