Russian secondary schools in India. Indian schools. What are the requirements for foreigners upon admission?

Various schools of philosophy were born on the basis of different points of view on the eternal questions of existence. Each founder of his teaching, trying to prove the correctness of his worldview, surrounded himself with students and followers who supported and developed the philosophy of this particular school. Sometimes the teachings of different schools literally contradicted each other, but, based on the laws of the same philosophy and logic, each point of view had the right to exist.

The Origin of Philosophy in Ancient India

The most ancient of those studied to date are the philosophical studies of Ancient India. Their origin dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. These teachings were based on the study of the surrounding world, human relations, everything that is connected with the nature of the existence of the human body and its soul. But the research did not have a solid scientific basis; rather, they related to logical conclusions from what was seen and felt. These were the first steps towards scientific teachings and explanations various phenomena In human life.

What are the Vedas?

We can say that all world philosophy has its roots going back centuries and is based on the research of Ancient India. Let us consider the important features of the philosophy of Ancient India in more detail.

The preserved treasures of Indian philosophy, written in Sanskrit, have survived to this day. This work has a common title "Veda", i.e. knowledge, vision. The collection includes various spells, rituals, invocations, prayers, etc., addressed to the forces of nature, and is also an attempt to interpret the human world around us from a philosophical point of view. The teaching explains people’s first ideas about their moral and moral essence in life.

The Vedas are divided into four parts, which are worth talking about in more detail:

First part - Samhitas, which means hymns, she the oldest from all parts.
Second part - Brahmins- ritual texts, on which religion is based or philosophy of Brahmanism, which had the main power and authority before the emergence of Buddhism.
The third part - Aranyaki ( forest books) - this part gives recommendations and sets the rules of life for people who choose hermit lifestyle.
Fourth part - Upanishads- what does it mean to sit at the feet of a teacher and receive intimate, secret knowledge - philosophical part of the Vedas. In it, a new character, Purusha, appears, who appears to be omniscient and omnipotent, the soul of the world, the cosmic mind, that is, in our understanding, an omnipotent god. Next he will receive the name Atman, from whom the human student receives knowledge.

All schools of philosophy of Ancient India are based on the Vedas, hence the division of society into four varnas, or, as they are also called, brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas and sudras. Varna is the status of a certain group of people in society; to be more precise, it is a shell, color, color, cover. The right to belong to a particular caste is determined by birth. Each caste is engaged in a certain type of activity.

Brahmins (color white)- This is the highest caste, it deals only with mental work.
Kshatriyas (color red)- their destiny is military affairs.
Vaishya (color yellow)- engaged only in handicrafts and agriculture.
Shudras (color black)- this is the lowest varna, doing “menial” work.

Only men of the first three castes had access to knowledge; the fourth caste, as well as all women, were excluded from knowledge. Their dignity was valued on a par with animals.

Main schools of philosophy of Ancient India

As can be seen from the development of history, the division of society is also based on a unique philosophy that comes from the ancient Vedas. With the development of society and its division into castes, currents appear that have shaped Orthodox and unorthodox schools of Indian philosophy. Schools of these directions appear, which adhere to the support or refutation of the Vedas. The division into these schools of philosophical knowledge occurs in the 6th century. BC. - this was led to by the development of society, the formation of new economic relations, the moral improvement of man, and the emergence of new knowledge.

Let us briefly consider how the two schools of different philosophical beliefs differ.

Orthodox schools(astika - frantic) remained true to the philosophy of the Vedas. These included Vedanta, Sanhya, Nyaya, Mimamsa, Yoga and Vaisheshika. Adherents of these movements are those who believe in the continuation of life after leaving for another world. It is interesting to consider each direction of Orthodox schools in more detail.

Vedanta or the completion of the Vedas, the school is divided into two directions “advanta” and “visishta-advanta”. The philosophical meaning of the first direction is that there is nothing but God, everything else is just an illusion. The second direction - Vishishta-Advaita, preaches three realities of which the world consists - God, soul and matter.
Sankhya- this school teaches recognition of the material and spiritual principles. Material values are in constant development, the spiritual principle is eternal. The material goes away with the death of a person, but the spiritual principle continues life.
Nyaya- a school whose highest spiritual mentor is the god Ishvara . The teaching of the school is a conclusion from sensations, analogies and the testimony of others.
Mimamsa- the school is based on the principles of logic, reasonable explanation, it recognizes spiritual and material existence.
Vaisesika- this school bases its principles on the knowledge that everyone around a person, like himself, consists of indivisible particles, which have eternal existence and are controlled by the world soul, i.e. God.
Yoga- this is the most famous direction of all schools. It is based on the principles of dispassion, contemplation and detachment from the material. Meditation leads to achieving harmonious liberation from suffering and reunification with God. Yoga is loyal to all existing schools and their teachings.

Unorthodox schools(nastika - atheist), who do not take the ancient Vedas as the basis of their philosophy. These include Buddhism, Charvaka Lokayata, Ved Jainism. Adherents of this school are considered atheists, but the Jaya and Buddhist schools still profess astika, as they believe in the continuation of life after death.

Buddhism- the philosophy of this school is proclaimed the official religion. The founder is Siddhartha, who was nicknamed Buddha, i.e. enlightened. The philosophy of the school is based on the path of enlightenment, the achievement of nirvana. This is a state of complete peace and equanimity, liberation from the causes of suffering and pain, from outside world and thoughts associated with it.
Charvaka (Lokayata)- the school is based on the wisdom of the teachings that everything that exists consists of air, water, fire and earth, i.e. four elements, in various combinations. After death, when these elements disintegrate, they join their counterparts in nature. The school denies the existence of any other world except the material one.
Jainism- the school received its name from the nickname of its founder, Jin, who lived in the 4th century BC. The main thesis is the belief in Tattva. This is the essence, the material for creating the entire structure of the world - the soul (jiva) and everything that is not it (ajiva) - the material surrounding a person. The soul is eternal and has no creator, it has always existed and it is omnipotent. The purpose of the teaching is the way of life of a person who has renounced base passions - complete asceticism and obedience to a teacher who has conquered his own passions and is able to teach this to others.

Brahmanism

Changes taking place in India with the advent of nomadic tribes who called themselves arias, destroyed the usual ways of life of society. With time the texts of the sacred “Vedas” have become incomprehensible to the majority from people. There remained a small group of initiates who could interpret them - brahmins. These changes date back to the middle of the 2nd millennium BC.

Arias brought a new world of philosophical teachings and ideas into Indian culture. They had their own gods who demanded sacrifices.

Over the centuries, Vedic philosophy acquired new knowledge and became more complex with new rituals. Brahmins continued to support and develop new forms of religious philosophy. They proclaimed Prajapati - the Master of creatures and the Lord of creations - as the main god. Rituals with sacrifices became an everyday reality. Philosophy divided the world into two - the world of gods and ordinary people. Brahmin priests placed themselves on a par with the ancient gods and their teachings. But the Vedas were still considered the fundamental basis of the new philosophy.

In progress social development There was a rethinking of philosophical movements, the foundations of which were laid in the mists of time. Next they became the basis for the emergence of new religions, such as Hinduism(a continuation of Brahmanism mixed with Vedic philosophy and local religions) and Buddhism.

As we now know, Buddhism from the philosophical school grew to such heights that he became one of the three world religions and spread to the countries of the East and Southeast and Central Asia.

Man's desire for knowledge, which subsequently leads to the development and progress of society, was taken from ancient philosophical treatises. Today people are also searching for answers to the eternal questions of humanity, not suspecting that they are repeating the path of many generations who have tried to understand the meaning of life.

Blogger and traveler Alexander Cheban attends school classes in different countries and gets acquainted with the peculiarities and culture of national education. It's no secret that the education system in India is far from perfect. But still not the worst, considering that the country’s population is more than a billion people. Find out more about how children study in India.

LEVEL OF EDUCATION

It happens that among the adult population of India there are illiterates who can neither write nor read. In particular, these are people from villages to which civilization has practically not reached. In such cases, if a person’s signature is required, he simply places his finger with a specially applied powder on a sheet of paper, leaving an imprint.

The authorities are taking real steps towards raising the educational level of citizens. For example, every adult resident pays three percent of their income to special income. There is a fund that allocates funds for the construction of new schools, the purchase of necessary things for classrooms, salaries for education staff, and much more. Almost every village has at least some kind of school.

PECULIARITIES

In India, children go to school from the age of 3-4, since there are no kindergartens there. They have 6-8 lessons every day, lasting 35 minutes. They study 6 days a week. Every school morning before classes at 9 am, children gather in formation, during which the Indian anthem is sung and a prayer is read.

In state comprehensive schools (up to 14 years of age), absolutely all children have the opportunity to study for free, regardless of family status. Private schools are paid - about $15-20 per month.

In many schools there is often no furniture, or there is only a minimum - in addition to the material side, this is also explained by the fact that it often rains heavily here, which floods everything around.

Even in poor schools in India, students are fed. As for the menu, it is the same in all educational institutions: rice, masala, water. And instead of plates, banana leaves are traditionally used - it is both environmentally friendly and cheap.

SOURCE: alexcheban.livejournal.com

ITEMS

In Indian schools, children learn 3 languages: English, Hindi and the language of their state. Mathematics is considered the most important subject. The program also includes computer science, history, geography and natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics), and Sanskrit is studied from grades 6 to 10.

IN high school students receive vocational or fundamental education. Therefore, from grades 10 to 12, children can study in depth those subjects that will be useful to them in the future for higher education.

Schools do not give grades, and children’s knowledge is assessed only in exams.

SCHOOL UNIFORM

In many educational institutions, schoolchildren have their own uniform. Here it is needed so that there are no caste differences (as the great Mahatma Gandhi bequeathed), and also in case one of the students gets into a fight or misbehaves - it will be immediately clear who is from which school.

If a child does not have a uniform (when the family is very poor), of course, no one kicks him out of school. In this case, children try to wear at least some similar element of clothing - for example, ribbons of a certain color in their hair or a tie.
White color is considered the most “academic”.

TRANSPORT

Source: felbert.livejournal.com

If the school is far away, then children are transported in special buses with barred windows so that they do not stick out.

And in the city, schoolchildren are transported by a rickshaw - this is a cart that is pulled by a man holding the shafts. As a rule, such a cart is designed for one or two people.

HOLIDAYS

Indian schoolchildren, like ours, have summer and winter holidays, but they differ in periods. Yes, on summer holidays Children go from May to the end of June - already on July 1st they have to go to school. And the winter holidays begin at the end of December and last 10 days.

Studying in India, where there are such stark contrasts between wealth and poverty, would seem to lose all interest for an immigrant. However, the practice of studying in this exotic country shows completely different results. A large flow of applicants flows towards India every year. The goal of every potential student is a good education for little money, and in the long term, life abroad.

History of Indian Education and Basic Principles

The history of the development of the education system in India is a long-term stage, the beginning of which, according to various estimates, dates back to the 5th century BC. Even then, educational institutions with the properties of a higher school were created in Ancient Taxila.

The ancient city of Taxila was considered the center of higher education in India. It was there that secular institutions first began to be established, along with Hindu temples and Buddhist monasteries. These institutions attracted foreigners with training in Indian medicine. However, in addition to the study of living matter, Indian education opened the way to knowledge of logic, grammar, and Buddhist literature.

Education in India began to emerge in the 5th century BC

Ancient education system India supported the principle of dividing society into castes. Depending on their belonging to a particular caste, she gave people the necessary knowledge. Modern world has changed somewhat. Indian education in its current form allows one to learn any skill, regardless of a person’s caste.

The country adheres to the main principle of educating its citizens - “10 + 2 + 3”. This model provides for 10 years schooling, 2 years of college, plus another 3 years of study are allocated to the first stage of higher education.

Ten years of school include 5 years of junior high, 3 years of high school, and 2 years of vocational training.

Features of Indian education

Preschool education

Before entering school, Indian children are educated through a system of nurseries and kindergartens. The nursery accepts babies aged 6 months and older. At this stage, the educational process can continue until the age of three. From three to five (six) years old, children are educated in kindergartens, which are usually the first level of primary school.

Indian educational system from start to finish

There are public and private preschools in India. Moreover, there are almost 2 times more private kindergartens. The services of municipal children's institutions are, as a rule, free, except for small fees for household needs from the administration and donations from parents. However, the quality of education here is lower than in private institutions where parents pay for the service.

...My son went to kindergarten in India, and now he goes to Moscow. My personal opinion is that in an Indian kindergarten they give a child almost free of charge what they would have to shell out a lot of money for in Moscow. Because in state kindergartens in Moscow children are not taught, but supported. Moreover, constant fees from the parent committee are not clear for what. At the first opportunity, when I am in India, I will try to send my son to a local traditional kindergarten. The only problem was food, in Moscow they provide food, in India they don’t...

Nadezda Lisina

http://ttshka.livejournal.com/103803.html?thread=1499771#t1499771

...Classic Indian kindergarten. Private. But only children from the poorest families go to state kindergartens here. Ours costs a little over $10 a month. Many people can afford this...

http://ttshka.livejournal.com/103803.html?thread=1501563#t1501563

School education in India

Children between the ages of 5 and 14 must receive compulsory schooling. The school year in Indian schools begins in late March - early April. Studying at schools is divided into two semesters: April-September, October-March. Longest school break in May-June, when many parts of India are covered in heat (45–55º C).

School education is compulsory in India

Compulsory education is a government policy priority in India. Approximately 80% of primary schools are state owned or supported by the authorities. Training is free. Parents of students pay only small amounts for school expenses. All training costs are covered by the state.

Indian schools are divided into types:

municipal,
state,
private with state support,
boarding schools,
special schools.

Municipal and non-governmental schools are managed and financed locally by state and local councils national entities. As a rule, parents of public school students pay tuition fees for their children once - upon admission. Most of the public schools in India are affiliated with CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) and ICSE (International Center for Secondary Education).

Public schools are funded and managed exclusively by the national government. This type of institution has the lowest cost of education services. Funds for maintenance are allocated by the state and CBSE branches operating in the territory where the school is located. In public schools, all teachers are male. Students are required to wear a school uniform. Moreover, each school provides students with uniforms of individual style.

Many private Indian schools require you to wear a uniform.

Private schools with state support do not belong to the state, but operate according to the rules established by the Indian authorities. Tuition fees here vary depending on the level of service and prestige. Therefore, rates can range from $15 for a month of training to $15 for one day of lessons.

Boarding schools are an educational structure that provides not only conditions for study, but also for living. Boarding school services are paid - from $2,300 to $6,000 per year.

Special schools in India are designed for children who need special care and have developmental disabilities. Children receive standard or vocational education in special schools and acquire the skills necessary for a full life.

...Each Indian school has its own school uniform, which includes not only shirts, skirts, jackets and trousers, but even socks, ties and boots. The little ones must wear badges that indicate their name and address...

Anna Alexandrova

http://pedsovet.su/publ/172–1-0–5156

Video about school from an Indian student

High school in India

Indians usually complete the senior secondary school stage in 6 years (12–18). The last two years are considered high-level secondary education with a vocational and technical focus. From the age of 15, everyone has the opportunity to take exams approved by the directives of UGC, NCERT, CBSE.

UGC (University Grants Commission) is a commission for university grants in Sri Lanka. It is engaged, among other things, in regulating the admission of applicants to universities. NCERT (National Council of Educational Research) is the national council of educational research. CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) is the central board of secondary education that approves examination processes in schools.

The standard examination process is designed for students aged 17–18 years (completion of secondary school). Successful completion of the examination procedure means receiving a certificate of completed secondary education. The document is necessary for everyone who plans to improve their knowledge through higher education in India.

International schools

In January 2015, there were more than 400 International Class Schools (ISC) operating in India. International schools provide complete secondary education, usually in English. In addition to school knowledge, ISC students acquire vocational and technical skills.

Many of international schools are positioned as public. Teaching in such institutions is modeled on British public schools. These are expensive and prestigious educational institutions, among which we can highlight, for example, Delhi Public Schools or Frank Anthony Public Schools.

Education in Indian Colleges

The number of Indian colleges in 2011 exceeded 33 thousand institutions. Of this number, 1800 had the status of women educational institutions. In fact, this type of educational platforms belongs to the country’s higher education system. Numerous courses are organized at the colleges, covering the humanities and natural sciences, as well as courses in foreign languages, in particular English. Many colleges belong to Indian universities. In fact, they are all the initial stage of university education.

Colleges are generally initial stage university education

The priority direction of study in colleges is technical and technological specialties. Also considered popular medical education and business management. Technical colleges in India are often called institutes. The list of the best institutes contains more than 500 items. Here are just the first 5 from the list:

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.
Indian Institute of Technology Madras.
Kanpur Institute of Technology.
National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
Punjab Institute of Engineering and Technology.

University education system in India

India's higher education system is second only to China and the USA in terms of its scale.. The peak of development of Indian higher education occurred between 2000 and 2011. At the end of 2011, more than 40 international universities, about 300 public, 90 private. Another 130 educational institutions were at the stage of transition to university rank. The following Indian institutions of higher education stand out for their high level of education, recognized at the global level:

National Institute of Technology.
Indian Institute of Information Technology.
Indian Institute of Management.
International Institute of Information Technologies.
University of Mumbai.
Jawaharlal Nehru University.
Indira Gandhi National Open University.

Admission of students, as a rule, is carried out without exams. The academic year for Indian universities begins in August and ends in April. Traditionally, Indian universities have taught on a single semester basis, covering a period of 10 to 12 months. At the end of each year, students took exams.

Now there is a reform with an eye on European principles. Many higher education institutions have already switched to a scheme of two semesters lasting 5-6 months each. Exams are taken at the end of each semester. English is the main language of instruction for the vast majority of universities. Students are offered a wide choice educational programs. For example, from the following set:

India - The IT Superpower,
Sample IT Curricula,
English Training,
Internship Programs.

...I entered the master's program at Bangalore University. Requires translation of a Russian diploma (degree certificate) into English (possible without a notary and apostille. We did it in India). In this case, they are interested in the final score as a percentage. Previously, we didn’t put percentages on diplomas. The result was not even indicated by numbers, but by the words: “good”, “excellent”, “satisfactory”...

Dhimanika

http://www.indostan.ru/forum/2_7057_4.html#msg363097

Video about Buddhist University of Philosophy

Some Popular Educational Institutions in India

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) is an institution established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. Previously called the National Open School, it was intended to provide education in remote areas of the country. Administers exams open schools in the countryside.

Rajkumar College is one of the oldest colleges in India, teaching students in the K-12 system (12-year education with a vocational focus). Located in the center of Rajkot city. The institution was built back in 1868 by a certain Colonel Keating. However, today it has the most modern facilities and comfortable student dormitory.

The Indira Gandhi National Open University is a higher education institution run by the Government of India. One of the largest universities, where in addition to standard types education offered distance learning. In total, the university provides higher education to more than 4 million students.

The Calcutta Institute of Engineering is in fact the world's largest multi-disciplinary engineering and professional society. The year the institute was founded was 1920. And in 1935, the institution was registered by Royal Charter. Students from different countries receive quality education here higher education in the field of mechanical engineering and other technical areas.

The Indian Institute of Architects is another unique educational institution established in 1917. The institute provides professional education in four areas of architectural art. The institute offers numerous courses that teach the basics of urban planning, infrastructure development and other intricacies of the construction sector.

Photo gallery of popular educational institutions in India

The Calcutta Engineering Institute is a full member of the Royal Charter The administrative building of the Indira Gandhi National Open University is always ready to accept students. Rajkumar College has trained many specialists over the many years of its activity. The National Institute of Open Schooling is the basis of Indian education in rural areas. The Indian Institute of Architects trains high-class specialists for a unique areas of activity

Video: Indian education in Delhi

Cost of studying in India

Free education in India for Russians, Ukrainians, and Kazakhstanis is possible, but only within the framework of the Indian ITEC economic program. Advanced training and internships are the main directions of short-term (2–3 months) education provided by the ITEC program. Everything else is paid at established international rates.

Since 2008, the cost of educational services in India has increased manifold. Secondary and vocational education costs the Indian government more and more every year. The Ministry of Statistics recently published information on this matter.

In just a few years, spending on Indian education has increased by 175%

However, for local residents, the cost of Indian higher education remains low. Indians pay about $300–350 per semester for undergraduate university studies. International students pay more - up to $6,000 per academic year.

...When a representative of the Indian Consulate in St. Petersburg came to our faculty with a lecture, he strongly recommended the ITEC program. This, of course, cannot be called either a master's degree or a graduate degree, but it is free, provided that you are selected...

winterose

http://ru-india.livejournal.com/824658.html?thread=6673234#t6673234

...I studied for a year at Hyderabad Central University for a master's degree in anthropology through ICCR. Study and accommodation are free, they pay a stipend. Documents must be submitted in January. From good universities: IFLU in Hyde, in Pune, Delhi University and J. Nehru University, also in Delhi. Seems to be good in Pondicherry, and the city is great...

http://ru-india.livejournal.com/824658.html?thread=6672978#t6672978

What are the requirements for foreigners upon admission?

The step by step process is as follows:

make a request to the educational institution through any modern means of communication,
select the faculty you are interested in,
submit an application for admission (by regular mail, online, other means),
if approved, fill out a temporary application form, pay an entry fee of €1000 + €100 for service,
receive a certificate confirming the fact of admission,
apply for a student visa at the Indian Embassy by presenting a certificate of admission,
fill out the student's permanent application form and send it along with the package of documents.

Package of documents for the student application (translated into English):

certificate or diploma,
a list of qualifying exam disciplines certified by the administration of the former educational institution,
certified copy of passport,
student visa (original),
medical certificate, including HIV test results,
certificate of knowledge in English(if required by the university),
receipt of payment of the health insurance premium for the first year of study in the amount of €45.

Scholarships and grants for Russians and not only

Every new academic year, the Government of India approves a package of scholarships and grants for international students. Typically, all available scholarship offers are sent to different countries peace through diplomatic missions. Therefore, all information on Indian government scholarships and grants can be obtained from the Indian embassy or consulate.

Russian, Ukrainian, and Kazakh students are interested in scholarships and grants that are provided according to the following schemes:

General Cultural Scholarship Scheme (GCSS) - General cultural scholarship scheme.
Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) is a scheme of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.
Commonwealth Fellowship Plan - Commonwealth scholarship scheme (postgraduate studies only).

Student Housing and Living Costs

The level of expenses for accommodation, food, entertainment, etc. directly depends on the location of the student. If your studies take place in cities such as Delhi or Mumbai, you should be prepared for the fact that the standard of living in these cities is comparable to large cities in Europe, Australia, and the USA. In general, living costs in India are significantly lower than in other countries of the world.

Common student housing options are campuses or private accommodation. Installation on student campuses is free only for local citizens. Foreigners have the opportunity to stay in student dormitories, but for a certain fee - from $60 to $100 per month. Apartment rent is approximately $150–200 (two-room apartment in Mumbai). On average, $100–150 is spent on food and other needs per month.

Conditions for obtaining a visa

An immigrant student must have:

original passport and photocopies of important pages,
a printout of the visa application form in two copies, previously completed online on the Government of India website (both copies of the document must be signed),
one photograph, size 2x2 cm, color, on a white background (the face is completely open, without glasses),
a letter from the administration of the educational institution where the student was admitted (indicating the details of the training),
a photocopy of an identity card issued in the student’s country of residence,
a bank statement indicating the availability of funds sufficient to study and live in India.

You must also pay all fees associated with your student visa. If accompanying persons travel to the country with the applicant, they also need to obtain an entry permit and residence permit.

Work while studying, employment prospects

There are virtually no job opportunities for international students in India while studying. University administrations are, to put it mildly, unkind to working while studying. But after completing their studies, graduates have good job prospects. Graduates of high-tech faculties can always count on lucrative contracts. Such specialists are in great demand by foreign companies. Engineers and architects, financiers and technologists are also valued.

...You can't work. The scholarship is tiny, I agree, so you need your parents’ help anyway. You can live in a student dormitory or rent an apartment, which is more expensive, but better. It’s interesting to learn, which outweighs all the disadvantages...

http://www.indostan.ru/forum/2_7057_5.html#msg367209

Pros and cons of Indian education (summary table)

Studying in India, as demonstrated by student examples, allows you to successfully achieve your goals. Indian graduate School competes on equal terms with developed countries of the world and is ready to give immigrants a sought-after profession. Then, as the students say, it’s a matter of technique. Work in a reputable international company and attractive life prospects.

The Indian educational system includes several stages:

preschool education;
school (secondary and full);
secondary vocational education;
higher and postgraduate education with obtaining academic degrees (bachelor, master, doctor).

Accordingly, by type, education in India is divided into secondary, complete secondary, vocational, higher and additional higher education.

The non-state educational system operates according to two programs.

The first involves training schoolchildren,
the second - adults.

The age range is from nine to forty years. There is also an open education system, within which several open universities and schools.

Preschool education

There is no pre-school education system in India as such. The country has traditionally developed home preschool education. Until the age of four, the child is at home under the supervision of the mother. If both parents are busy at work, they resort to the services of a nanny or relatives. Some schools have preparatory groups, where you can still send your child if it is not possible to raise him at home. In such groups, the child spends most day and, in addition to being under constant supervision, goes through the stage of preparation for school and even begins to study foreign languages(mostly English).

Children between the ages of 5 and 14 must receive compulsory schooling. The school year in Indian schools begins in late March - early April. Studying at schools is divided into two semesters: April-September, October-March. The longest school holidays are in May-June, when many parts of India are covered in heat (45–55º C).

Indian schools are divided into types:

municipal,
state,
private with state support,
boarding schools,
special schools.

Municipal and non-governmental schools are managed and financed locally by state administrations and local national education councils. As a rule, parents of public school students pay tuition fees for their children once - upon admission. Most of the public schools in India are affiliated with CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) and ICSE (International Center for Secondary Education).

Public schools are funded and managed exclusively by the national government. This type of institution has the lowest cost of education services.

Russian schools in India

The Russian school in New Delhi implements approved programs for primary, basic and secondary general education.

The language of instruction is Russian. Of course, education for Russian children is quite possible in ordinary Indian schools, both private and public. But all subjects there are taught almost everywhere in English.

Features of higher education

The higher education system in India has a three-tier structure:

bachelor's degree;
master's degree;
doctoral studies

The duration of training directly depends on the chosen specialty. Thus, the period of study in the field of commerce and arts is three years, and to get a specialty in the field agriculture, medicine, pharmacology or veterinary medicine, you must study for four years.

Bachelor's degree studies require a document of complete secondary education (12 years).

After completing a bachelor's degree, a graduate has the right to continue his studies at a master's degree (2 years) or go to work. Due to the active development of the country's economy in recent decades, the main emphasis in the Indian higher education system is on technical specialties, while humanitarian areas make up about 40% of total number. State and private enterprises are interested in obtaining highly qualified specialists, therefore they take an active part in the development of the country’s educational structure. The most popular specialties in Indian higher education educational institutions are:

IT technologies;
engineering specialties;
management;
pharmacology;
jewelry making.

For citizens of India, education in public higher educational institutions can be free. Foreign citizens are accepted into state universities on a budgetary basis only if the university provides a grant for training. At the same time, the price in commercial Indian universities is quite low by European standards: the cost of two full semesters at the most prestigious higher education institution in India does not exceed $15,000 per year. When enrolling on a contract basis, the applicant is required to provide proof of solvency (this may be a bank card statement).

Virtual and distance learning have become widespread in the Indian higher education system. Many universities take part in international scientific programs and share their own courses in engineering, information technology and other areas for free.

IT specialists educated at one of the Indian universities are in demand today all over the world.

Top Universities in India

The most popular areas of study in Indian universities are engineering, management, information Technology, pharmacology and jewelry making.

Educational process

Teaching at Indian universities is usually conducted in English, so a good language base is one of the main requirements for applicants. There are no higher educational institutions where teaching is conducted in Russian in India. In some universities, teaching is conducted in the languages of the respective states in which the university is located. However, even in such universities, English-language education is still preferable even among local residents.

Unlike Russia and many other countries in the world, where the school year begins in September, Indian schoolchildren and students begin their studies in July. Curiously, the start date educational process Each educational institution appoints it independently, that is, studies can begin either on July 1 or July 20. At the end of each semester, students take exams. As for schools, there is no system for ongoing assessment of knowledge.

At the end school year Schoolchildren take final exams orally or in the form of testing. The longest holidays in Indian educational institutions are in May and June - these are the hottest months in the country. In Indian schools, it is customary to wear a school uniform. Girls wear long dresses here, boys wear shirts or T-shirts and shorts.

Tuition fees in 2019

The main advantage of getting an education in the Indian state is the affordable cost of services from universities and colleges.
The cost of one year of classes at a large Indian university does not exceed 15 thousand dollars. The amount of payment depends on the prestige of the educational institution:

At popular universities, undergraduate tuition fees are around $4,000. per semester;
For masters - about 6 thousand per semester;
At a private university, the cost is often the same for bachelors and masters. On average it is 5–10 thousand dollars. per semester.

Free training opportunity

Until recently, only local residents. But due to the growing popularity of Indian universities, free education opportunities have also begun to appear for foreign citizens. To do this, a foreign student needs to take part in scholarship program. Every year local universities hold a competition to award budget places foreign young people who want to study there. The program applies to absolutely all specialties confirmed by the government (that is, in legal higher education institutions; we talked about fraudulent universities above).

The most popular government funding program is ITEC. It stands for “Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Program”. Thanks to her, more than 800 Russians received the opportunity to study for free at Indian universities.

Special programs

Not long ago, applicants from Russia had the opportunity to study in the Indian state under a special ITEC program. This program is perfect for anyone who wants to improve their acquired knowledge and skills. Anyone who wants to improve their skills can also take part in the program. The duration of courses varies from 14 days to 52 weeks.

The main advantage of this program is that the participant does not need to pay for flights, meals and accommodation. You can take part in the program by filling out and submitting an application form. You can apply for the program at an Indian diplomatic post.

Program participants receive a stipend of 5.0 thousand Indian rupees. The amount of the scholarship cannot be called large, but this amount is enough for everyday needs. Considering that anyone may encounter unexpected expenses, it is necessary to have personal money with you. On average, a student needs to have $300/month.

How can a foreigner enter an Indian university?

Obtaining higher education in India is becoming increasingly popular among foreigners, including Russian students.

The step by step process is as follows:

make a request to the educational institution through any modern means of communication,
select the faculty you are interested in,
submit an application for admission (by regular mail, online, other means),
if approved, fill out a temporary application form, pay an entry fee of €1000 + €100 for service,
receive a certificate confirming the fact of admission,
apply for a student visa at the Indian Embassy by presenting a certificate of admission,
fill out the student's permanent application form and send it along with the package of documents.

Established requirements for candidates for admission to a university in India:

age from 25 to 45 years;
recommendation from an employer;
knowledge of English.

Knowledge of English is required, since this entire program is conducted in English.

Required documents

To enter an Indian university you will not need to take additional exams. entrance tests. And the Russian school certificate corresponds to the local twelve-year school education.

Package of documents for the student application (translated into English):

Depending on the situation, an additional package of documents may be required.

Obtaining a student visa

Every person wishing to study in India is required to obtain a student visa. This document gives the student the right to stay on the territory of the Indian state during the entire period of study.

To obtain a visa, the applicant undertakes to prepare the following documents:

a high-quality photocopy of the first page of the civil passport;
high-quality photograph;
bank account statement (the amount should vary from 1.0 to 2.0 thousand US dollars);
confirmation letter of enrollment at the university;
a photocopy of the tuition payment receipt.

On average, a student visa document is issued in 5 to 10 days. But if at least one of the documents causes criticism, the processing time may be delayed. Anyone who goes to study under the ITEC program has the right to a free visa document. All others are obliged to pay the visa and consular fees.

Scholarships and grants for foreigners

The coordinator of programs for obtaining free education is the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR). Scholarship applicants can choose 3 educational institutions for admission. Students entering the Faculty of Arts must provide an audio or video recording of their performance. Future engineers provide exam results in physics, chemistry, and mathematics. The scholarship amount is 160-180 dollars/month. The disadvantage of the program is long-term training (from 1 to 4 years) without the opportunity to leave home.

The Technical and Economic Cooperation Program (ITEC) is also available to foreigners.

Fellows are paid for travel, accommodation and medical insurance. Some courses require a bachelor's degree. Monthly stipend - 376 dollars/month.

To receive one you must be under 45 years of age. Requirements to academic performance Universities issue their own awards. The disadvantage of the program is the lack of classes in traditional Indian arts and the short duration of the program (from 3 weeks to 3 months).

Residence in the country

Living and eating conditions in the Indian state differ significantly from conditions in the USA and Western Europe. Many students note a significant difference in nutrition. In India they do not eat either pork or beef. Only poultry meat can be found on the market. Instead of bread, traders offer to buy flatbread.
A rather difficult situation has developed in healthcare. Finding some medications in pharmacies is quite problematic. Strict intensive training not in India. The educational process is often interrupted due to numerous holidays.

Advantages and disadvantages of education in India


pros	Minuses
During your studies, you have the opportunity to become better acquainted with the rich Indian culture, as well as improve your English language skills.	A mandatory requirement for students of faculties of various directions is a good knowledge of the English language.
Low cost of training.	Low standard of living.
Low cost of living.	There is no opportunity to work while studying.
Indian educational institutions provide good level preparation. IT specialists, graduates of Indian universities, are in demand today in many countries around the world.	After obtaining a diploma, the chances of employment in one of the Indian companies are very low.
Scholarship and grant programs are actively developed, which means there is a high probability of free education.
To enter a university you do not need to pass entrance exams.
Foreign students are provided with a free dormitory or hotel room.

The education system in India has undergone significant changes towards development and improvement over the past decades. The reason for this is the rapid growth of the country’s economy and the increasing need for qualified scientific and working specialists. Much attention is paid to all levels of education - from preschool to higher education, obtaining good education and a worthy specialty among the population of the country is one of the urgent life tasks. Studying at higher educational institutions in India is becoming increasingly popular among foreign students. Moreover, there are a number of traditional ways to get a free education, not only higher education, but also postgraduate education.

Levels and types of education in India

The Indian educational system includes several stages:

preschool education;
school (secondary and full);
secondary vocational education;
higher and postgraduate education with obtaining academic degrees (bachelor, master, doctor).

Accordingly, by type, education in India is divided into secondary, complete secondary, vocational, higher and additional higher education.

The non-state educational system operates according to two programs. The first provides training for schoolchildren, the second - for adults. The age range is from nine to forty years. There is also an open education system in which several open universities and schools operate in the country.

Preschool education

Traditionally in India, children younger age were always under the supervision of mothers and relatives. Therefore, the kindergarten system in this country simply never existed. The problem has become acute in recent decades, when both parents often began working in the family. Therefore, additional groups were created in schools everywhere, operating on the principle of preparatory classes. As a rule, preschool education begins at the age of three, and learning takes place in a playful way. It is noteworthy that already at this age children begin to master the English language. The process of preparing for school lasts one to two years.

Secondary education

School education in India follows a unified scheme. A child begins to study at school at the age of four. Education in the first ten years (secondary education) is free, compulsory and carried out according to the standard general education program. Main disciplines: history, geography, mathematics, computer science and a subject freely translated by the word “science”. From the 7th grade, “science” is divided into biology, chemistry, and physics, which are familiar in Russia. "Politics", the equivalent of our natural sciences, is also taught.

If in the first stage school education In India, the program is the same for everyone, then upon reaching the age of fourteen and moving to high school (complete secondary education), students make a choice between fundamental and vocational education. Accordingly, there is an in-depth study of the subjects of the chosen course.

Preparation for entering universities takes place in schools. Students who chose professional education, go to colleges and get a high school diploma special education. India is also blessed with a large number and variety of trade schools. There, over the course of several years, in addition to secondary education, the student also receives a profession that is in demand in the country.

In Indian schools, in addition to the native (regional) language, it is compulsory to study the “additional official” language - English. This is explained by the unusually large number of languages of the multinational and numerous Indian people. It is no coincidence that English is the generally accepted language of the educational process; most textbooks are written in it. Studying a third language (German, French, Hindi or Sanskrit) is also mandatory.

Schooling is conducted six days a week. The number of lessons varies from six to eight per day. Most schools offer free meals for children. There are no grades in Indian schools. But there are compulsory school-wide exams twice a year, and national exams in high school. All exams are written and taken in the form of tests. The vast majority of teachers in Indian schools are men.

School holidays in India are relatively short. Rest time falls in December and June. During the summer holidays, which last a whole month, children's camps are opened in schools. In addition to relaxation and entertainment with children, traditional creative educational activities are held there.

The Indian secondary education system includes both public and private schools. Secondary school education in public schools is usually free. For children from low-income Indian families, of which there are quite a few in this country, there are benefits in the form of textbooks, notebooks, and scholarships. Education in private institutions is paid, but the prices for education there are quite affordable for families even with low incomes. Reviews of the quality of education often favor private schools. There are also elite, expensive gymnasiums that operate on individual programs.

Russian schools in India

Education in India for Russian children is provided in three public schools, which operate under the diplomatic services of Russia. The secondary school is located in New Delhi at the Russian Embassy. In Mumbai and Chennai, there are primary schools at the Russian Consulates General. Education for Russian children is possible in correspondence form. The Russian school in New Delhi implements approved programs of primary, basic and secondary general education. The language of instruction is Russian. Of course, education for Russian children is quite possible in ordinary Indian schools, both private and public. But all subjects there are taught almost everywhere in English.

Higher Education in India

Higher education in India is prestigious, diverse and popular among young people. There are more than two hundred universities in the country, most of which are focused on European education standards. The higher education system is presented in a three-stage form familiar to Europeans. Students, depending on the length of study and the chosen profession, receive bachelor's, master's or doctoral degrees.

Among the most popular and prestigious universities are Calcutta, Mumbai, Delhi, Rajasthan, each of these universities has 130-150 thousand students. In recent decades, due to the steady development of the Indian economy, the number of universities with an engineering and technical orientation has increased. The Indian Institute of Technology and the Institute of Management are among the most attractive and worthy here. Moreover, in the latter, 50% of students are foreign students.

The share of humanities graduates in India is about 40%. Along with traditional universities, the country has a lot of highly specialized higher education institutions, focused in particular on native culture, history, art, and languages.

Study in India for international students

Obtaining higher education in India is becoming increasingly popular among foreign, including Russian, students. This is explained by several factors:

high and increasing level of higher education in India;
in comparison with European prices, studying at Indian universities is much cheaper, the overall cost of living in the country is low;
a large number of internship and student exchange programs with Indian universities;
active government stimulation of training in the form of grants and scholarships.

It is noteworthy that to enter an Indian university there is no need to pass entrance exams. Testing is used only in special cases. But there are strict requirements for knowledge of the English language, without which the road to most Indian universities will be closed. In all major cities of India, there are inexpensive and qualified English language courses.

To enroll in a bachelor's degree you must provide:

certificate of complete secondary education;
a document containing information about the disciplines passed at school and grades;
documentary evidence of solvency for students on a commercial basis.

Studying at Indian universities is also relevant for people who already have higher education. To enroll in a master's program, you will need to provide a document on complete secondary education and a certified copy of your diploma. Upon admission to doctoral studies, a copy of the master's diploma and other documents indicating the qualifications of the applicant will be required.

All documents of foreign students must be legalized: translated into English, certified by a notary.

Free education in India

Postgraduate education in India can also be free, just like primary university education. For these purposes, institutes regularly provide grants, for which at a minimum you need a diploma and knowledge of the English language. Free education in India can also be achieved through ITEC, a technical and economic cooperation program.