(1) The night turned out to be steamy and warm. (2) Even in the evening we climbed a tall poplar to film the sunrise from above, having seen the red apple before anyone else, we settled down thoroughly in a comfortable fork in the tree, even dragged in a quilted blanket for softness. (3) We chatted all night, remembering how it is with boys, horror stories , and, probably, they did not allow the crows on the upper branches to sleep peacefully: they jumped up in fear, as if they were snoring from terrible dreams inspired by our stories. (4) The conversation revolved around the skeleton. (5) We kept making up who was it before: a penniless tramp, a scientist who gave himself to science? (6) Vitka stubbornly insisted that this was a sailor; only sailors, you see, are not afraid of a storm, or the devil, or a poker. - (7) Serbian sailor, - I sarcastically, - fearless and proud! (8) And Vitka clapped me on the top of the head, laughing. (9) The sun came out the way we expected it. (10) The solemn scarlet circle shone in our eyes, and I clicked the Photocore cable. (11) And during the day we were disappointed. (12) On the card, instead of scarlet splendor, there was a faded, underdeveloped circle through the black cracks of the poplar branches. (13) That's all. (14) The color disappeared in the black and white photograph, leaving only the outlines. (15) The idea failed. (16) The world that we saw was brighter and more beautiful than what the photography of that time could stop. (17) Life, it turns out, is brighter than art! (18) However, this did not seem important to me. (19) Vovka and Vitka stopped being enemies - that’s what I liked... (20) A person rejoices when he grows up. (21) Happy to be parting with childhood. (22) Of course! (23) He is independent, big, courageous! (24) And at first this independence seems very serious, but then... (25) Then it becomes sad. (26) And the older an adult, the sadder he is: after all, he is sailing further and further from the shore of his only childhood. (27) The house in which you grew up was demolished, and an emptiness arose in your heart. (28) They closed the school where I studied - there is now some kind of office there. (29) The store of visual aids has disappeared somewhere. (30) And then you found out: teacher Anna Nikolaevna died. (31) There are more and more empty spaces in the heart - as if it would not become completely empty, terrible, like that edge of the world near the white stairs on a quiet night: black in front of you, only cold stars! (32) Without childhood, the soul is cold. (33) When a person grows up, his eyes become dull. (34) He sees no less, even more, than in childhood, but the colors fade and the brightness is not the same as before. (35) It seems to me that everything was better in my childhood. (36) Swifts were flying overhead, a sea of ​​dandelions was blooming, and fish were pecking in the river. (37) It seems to me that everything was better, but I know that I am mistaken. (38) Who is given the magical right to compare childhoods? (39) What lucky person was able to start his life twice in order to compare the two beginnings? (40) There are no such people. (41) My childhood seems wonderful to me, and everyone has such a right, no matter what time they lived. (42) But it’s a pity to drive away the delusion. (43) I like it and it seems important. (44) I understand: in childhood there is similarity, but there is no repetition. (45) Every childhood has its own eyes. (According to A. Likhanov*) * Albert Anatolyevich Likhanov (born in 1935) - children's and youth writer, president International Association children's funds, director of the Research Institute of Childhood.

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Childhood. Such a carefree time! Each person has his own memories of him, but what is their true value? The text raises the problem of memories of childhood. It is revealed by the author using the example of a story about a night spent by boys in nature waiting for the sun to rise in order to photograph it. The author recalls these fragments of childhood with warmth in his heart and gives reasoning to confirm that during this period of life the world seems brighter and more beautiful. A. Likhanov believes that when a person becomes an adult, everything around him seems gray, nondescript, dull and “pale” compared to his past childhood. Memories of this carefree time warm the soul, because during this period of life a person sees the world in a completely different way: everything seems beautiful. In my opinion, the writer is right. Indeed, as a person grows up, he moves away from childhood. But the older he gets, the sadder he is to part with it, and that’s why memories of his past childhood are so valuable and important to any of us. Consider, for example, novel by I.S. Goncharov"Oblomov"

OK it's all over Now.

The whole history of my store of beloved visual aids. Perhaps all of it.

I turned my back to my friends and silently walked away.

Where are you going? - they shouted in a frightened duet.

Take off! - I stopped. I was bursting with happiness. Photograph!

“We are with you,” the guys shouted again at once.

Vovka sat on the saddle of the bicycle, and Vitka, with his legs spread out, sat on the trunk.

They rolled slowly next to me, and I said, smiling:

That's how I'll film you!

Let's shoot the most beautiful thing in the world! - Vovka said in a sublime tone.

Where does the sea come from? - Boretsky said.

Sunrise! - Vovka answered. - Did you see the very beginning? The sun is red, like a ripe apple.

And huge, quite sure,” I nodded.

Just don’t oversleep,” Vitka said busily.

You can donate one night! - Vovka shouted.

For art! - I confirmed.

The night turned out to be steamy and warm.

Another evening we climbed a tall poplar to film the sunrise from above, seeing a red apple before anyone else - we settled down thoroughly in a comfortable fork in the tree, even dragged a quilt for softness.

We chatted all night, remembering, as boys do, scary stories, and, probably, did not allow the crows on the upper branches to sleep peacefully: they jumped up in fear, as if snoring from terrible dreams inspired by our stories.

The conversation revolved around the skeleton. We all wondered who was it before - a penniless vagabond, a scientist who gave himself to science? Vitka stubbornly insisted that this was a sailor, only sailors, you see, are not afraid of either the devil or the poker.

Serbian sailor,” I sarcastically, “fearless and proud!”

And Vitka clapped me on the top of the head, laughing.

The sun came out just as we expected it to.

The solemn scarlet circle shone into our eyes, and I clicked the Photocore cable. And during the day we were disappointed. On the card, instead of scarlet splendor, there was a faded, underdeveloped circle through the black cracks of the poplar branches. That's all.

The color disappeared from the black and white photograph, leaving only outlines. The idea was not a success.

The world we saw was brighter and more beautiful than what photography of that time could capture. Life turns out to be brighter than art!

However, this did not seem important to me. Vovka and Vitka stopped being enemies - that’s what I liked...

A person rejoices when he grows up. Happy to be leaving childhood behind. Why! He is independent, big, courageous! And at first this independence seems very serious, but then... Then it becomes sad.

And the older an adult, the sadder he is: after all, he is sailing further and further from the shore of his only childhood.

The house in which you grew up was demolished, and an emptiness appeared in your heart. They closed the school where I studied - there is now some kind of office there. The store of beloved visual aids has disappeared somewhere. And then you found out: teacher Anna Nikolaevna died.

There are more and more emptiness in the heart - as if it would not become completely empty, terrible, like that edge of the world near the white stairs on a quiet night: black in front of you, only cold stars!

Without childhood, the soul is cold.

As a person grows up, his eyes become dull. He sees no less, even more, than in childhood, but the colors fade, and the brightness is not the same as before.

It seems to me that everything was better in my childhood. Swifts were flying overhead, a sea of ​​dandelions was blooming, and fish were pecking in the river. It seems to me that everything was better, but I know that I am mistaken. Who is given the magical right to compare childhoods? What lucky person was able to start his life twice to compare the two beginnings?

There are no such. My childhood seems wonderful to me, and everyone has such a right, no matter what time they lived. But it’s a pity to drive away the delusion. I like it and find it important.

I understand: in childhood there is similarity, but there is no repeatability. Every childhood has its own eyes.

But there is no store.

Much is already known in this world. There are few things left that will surprise.

That's the thing: as an adult, such things become less and less common.

How can we make sure that, in spite of everything, the world remains childishly beloved?

How to do it?

Is there really no answer?

Text Information

1. The problem of the unfavorable impact of humans on nature. (What is the unfavorable impact of humans on nature?)	1. A person in the process of his activity often does not take into account the extent to which his results can be destructive to nature.
2. The problem of the contradiction between human activity and the desire to preserve the environment. Wednesday. (How can you combine a love of nature and the need for activities that negatively impact the environment?)	2. Unfortunately, sometimes the activities necessary for a person force him to cause irreparable harm to nature.
3. The problem of man's love for nature. (How does a person’s love for nature manifest itself?)	3. A person who has loved nature since childhood (and has a keen sense of it) has a very hard time when nature is harmed.
4. The problem of the role of nature in human life. (What role does nature play in human life? How should we relate to nature, to the earth?)	4. Nature is the “cradle” of humanity: it nurtures a person, feeds him, decorates his life, develops a sense of beauty, and protects him. She needs to be protected.

Text Information

1. The problem of the unfavorable impact of humans on nature. (What is the unfavorable impact of humans on nature?)	1. A person in the process of his activity often does not take into account the extent to which his results can be destructive to nature.
2. The problem of the contradiction between human activity and the desire to preserve the environment. Wednesday. (How can you combine a love of nature and the need for activities that negatively impact the environment?)	2. Unfortunately, sometimes the activities necessary for a person force him to cause irreparable harm to nature.
3. The problem of man's love for nature. (How does a person’s love for nature manifest itself?)	3. A person who has loved nature since childhood (and has a keen sense of it) has a very hard time when nature is harmed.
4. The problem of the role of nature in human life. (What role does nature play in human life? How should we relate to nature, to the earth?)	4. Nature is the “cradle” of humanity: it nurtures a person, feeds him, decorates his life, develops a sense of beauty, and protects him. She needs to be protected.

(1) Large military exercises were going on, and we sailors also took part in them.

(2) Even before dark the evening before last, we loaded the paratroopers who had arrived the day before onto the ships and went out to sea to deliver them to the place designated by the command. (3) When we left the base, the weather was tolerable, and then it worsened. (4) The wind blew, drove a huge cloud, and poured rain.

(5) When we had already landed on the shore, the radio operator, with whom we got from the ship together, turned to me:

− (6) Listen, Mikhail! (7) Stay here with the grenade launchers, and I’ll go look for the battalion commander. (8) Hey, Juraev, shelter a sailor!..

(9) Only now did I see a sergeant lying nearby with a grenade launcher in his hands. (10) He turned to me.

− (11) Take my grenade, you’ll help beat the tank. (12) Take your shovel and make a trench for you. (13) I will help.

(14) The sergeant gave me two grenades and, rolling over on his side, deftly worked with a small shovel. (15) I also picked the ground for show, looking longingly towards the shore. (16) The horizon was brightening there. (17) A barely noticeable faint white stripe separated the sky from the sea. (18) And the sea and sky were still dark gray, almost black. (19) Several minutes passed, and the sky first became cherry-red, then scarlet, then golden. (20) The contours of the clouds were clearly outlined. (21) But the sea still remained dark gray. (22) Then a red thread appeared, it grew, turned into a fiery bulb, and suddenly rays burst out from under the cloud like an immense flame. (23) Everything around immediately came to life, the sky became blue, the sea green.

(24) It’s strange how everything works in nature: recently it was raining, the sky was stained with clouds, and suddenly everything disappeared somewhere. (25) Nature loves expediency and balances everything according to its laws. (26) And the man?..

- (27) The hot time is coming... - Sergeant Juraev said with a smile. − (28) Can you throw a grenade? - He winked at me encouragingly. − (29) Let them come close!

(30) Taking aim, he pressed his dark cheek to the grenade launcher and lay down more comfortably. (31) I also thought: this is how, probably, all the marines, hidden in the folds of the earth’s surface, properly and efficiently prepared for hard but necessary work. (32) And all around the engines were already roaring, the tracks were rumbled heavily. (33) It seemed that the whole world was filled with an iron howl and gnashing.

(34) Raising my head, I saw a tank very close - rushing straight towards us. (35) His shadow, long and ugly, swaying, lay on the neighboring bushes.

(36) When I looked back, the steel colossus had already passed the line of trenches, and Sadyk Dzhuraev, standing, threw his training grenades after it. (37) Looking at him, I remembered the ones I had...

(38) The “enemy” more than once tried to capsize us into the sea, to outshine us, but the Marines, carrying out important training missions, held firm and even slowly wedged themselves into the “enemy’s” defenses. (39) At noon, the paratroopers stormed an important height and gained a foothold on it.

(40) But my soul was bad. (41) It’s bad because in just a few hours we destroyed a large area of ​​land with fire and iron. (42) Flowers and grass were turned to ashes. (43) The ground was striped with caterpillar tracks...

(44) I have loved the earth since childhood. (45) Maybe because I grew up in the village and the land always seemed to me so kind and generous that it was impossible not to cherish and take care of it. (46) Our village, where I lived with my parents, was surrounded by gardens and greenery. (47) And nearby, behind our small house, which stood on the very outskirts, a great field of grain began. (48) Just as a mother’s lullaby is sweet to a baby, so the ringing of ripe ears of corn, the knock of a grasshopper in the mown rye, the sweet smell of spring steam over a plowed field are sweet and dear to me.

(49) And here, before my eyes, the earth became bald, burned out, and cracked. (50) It was difficult for me to combine a feeling of pity for eternal nature and an understanding of the extreme necessity that obliges us, people, to study military affairs...

(By B. Volokhov*) * B. Volokhov– author of the story “And the Sea is Noisy...”, included in the literary and artistic marine collection “Ocean”.

(1) Jealousy is a natural feeling. (2) All people experience it to one degree or another. (3) And I’m not even sure that it would be good if jealousy completely disappeared: I’m afraid that this would impoverish love. (4) The trouble is not that one is not jealous, but the other is jealous. (5) The trouble is that the egoism inherent in love becomes immeasurable if we do not control it, do not restrain ourselves and do not try to “rule ourselves,” as Pushkin said.

(6) After all, in essence, jealousy is a lack of faith in oneself. (7) This is a constantly gnawing suspicion that you are unworthy of the love of your chosen one or your chosen one, that there is or may be someone more worthy. (8) All bitter reproaches about how one could choose someone else over ME have in their subtext doubt about one’s right to love.

(9) And, on the other hand, this is distrust of the one you love. (10) This means that you admit the possibility that another may become closer and dearer to your beloved, that you are not the only one in this world for her. (11) In fact, we know (from the fairy tale by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry “ A little prince"), that among five thousand roses there is always ONE, and it depends only on ourselves whether we will find the strength and patience to enjoy it. (12) And jealousy poisons our joy, we suffer ourselves and even torment the one we love.

(13) I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,
How may God grant you, beloved, to be different, -
in these Pushkin lines there is no the worst of human vices - complacency, but there is dignity, there is confidence in the strength and value of one’s love, there is concern for the beloved.

(14) When love is born, it is, like a newborn baby, helpless. (15) But now she gets stronger, gets to her feet, and walks. (16) She grows - the first scratches, scars, and sometimes wounds appear on her tender, clean body. (17) Everyone learns to heal them himself. (18) But all people probably have one thing in common: just as we feel sorry for a child who has hit himself, so we must feel sorry for our love and our beloved.

(19) The collapse of love begins from the minute when one of the two begins to feel sorry for himself, justify himself, think about himself. (20) In love there is no one suffering heart: all feelings are shared by two, and thinking about the second person is an indispensable law. (21) Love gives strength to self-denial, renunciation of selfishness, and overcoming jealousy. (22) After all, in true love, everyone steps over himself for the sake of the other. (23) And this does not mean destroying your “I”, it means finding yourself in the most significant of the feelings that are given to a person.

(According to N. Dolinina)

(1) Leonid Timofeevich Potemkin mysteriously called himself a “collector of rarities.” (2) His two-room apartment was filled with glass cabinets where books were stored. (3) What was there in this treasury! (4) A scientist could find here a scarce tome from the “Philosophical Heritage” series, a subtle connoisseur of poetry would take his breath away at the sight of volumes of Verlaine and Nadson, a lover of adventure literature would be delighted by the collected works of Mine Reid or Fenimore Cooper... (5) And on each book, as in a real library, there was a seal made by Potemkin himself - a bookplate, representing an expressively proud profile of the owner, bordered by a heraldic laurel.
(6) didn’t give it to anyone. (7) Refusing, he said with mysterious sadness: “Well, how can I give a book?” - and sadly threw up his hands, as if showing that the solution to such issues did not depend on him: there are some higher powers that, like it or not, one has to obey. (8) The petitioners, fascinated by this gesture, began to believe that there really was some unknown, almost tragic circumstance that did not allow the collector to freely dispose of his books. (9) More often than others, the book lover from the neighboring house came running - Vovka Alekseev, a curly-haired, lively boy with enthusiastically sparkling eyes. (10) He always began his request the same way:
- (11) Leonid Timofeevich, you probably have “St. John’s wort”! (12) Give it to me, otherwise I’ve been to all the libraries, and they say that the book is in hand...
- (13) No, Volodya, how can I give you this book? (14) Think for yourself!
(15) And the boy, measuring the distance to the bookcase with his eyes, hastily nodded his head, as if saying: I’m not little and I already know that happiness doesn’t come into your hands so easily, you have to wear down a hundred pairs of iron boots, eat a pound of salt, before you will achieve your goal. (16) He left, but came running the very next day with timid hope in his burning eyes: they say, you have already refused me two hundred times, maybe you’ll give me one today... (17) But Leonid Timofeevich with the same mysterious sadness said the same words, making the same gesture with his hands.
(18) But the times of book shortages are over. (19) The rarities overnight turned into ordinary books, which filled all the stores. (20) Now Potemkin asked himself with bewilderment and confusion why he spent so much money on buying completely unnecessary things. (21) It seemed to him that he, a gullible and inexperienced person, had become a victim of some cunning swindlers who decided to rob him completely.
(22) In the evenings, he took a calculator and scrupulously calculated how much money he spent on purchasing his library. (23) Making such calculations is a very difficult matter. (24) For example, on Nosov’s book “Dunno on the Moon” the price is 94 kopecks, but that’s how much it cost back in the early seventies, but how can we calculate its current price? (25) However, even with the roughest rounding, the amount turned out to be so astronomical that Leonid Timofeevich clutched his head and almost cried from resentment...
(26) He never read the collected books; he found pleasure in the fact that he recognized himself as the owner, king, lord of these treasures. (27) And suddenly these treasures, in some fabulous way, turned into clay shards. (28) passionately scolds the lack of spirituality of modern youth, their lack of interest in reading and, when wiping dust from the shelves, suddenly breaks down and shouts to the silent books: “I’ll get myself together and throw you in the trash ...”

(Poe - born in 1936) - writer-publicist.

Main problems:
1. The problem of the purpose of a book (What role do books play in a person’s life?)
2. The problem of the influence of time on the nature of values ​​(What should a person be guided by when determining life values so that they are not destroyed by time?)
3. The problem of understanding true human values ​​(What values ​​are true, real?)

The author's position on the highlighted issues:
1. Books are needed so that people read them, while enriching their inner world.
2. In life, a person should be guided by personal convictions, true, real spiritual values, and not by the influence of fickle fashion.
3. True, real values ​​are not material, but spiritual values, which include books; they cannot be considered as a source of enrichment.

(1) When you think about the destinies of great people, you inevitably begin to experience some kind of mixed feeling. (2) On the one hand, you are amazed at the grandiose discoveries, brilliant insights, unshakable will, unshakable loyalty to your calling. (3) You begin to think about the miraculous intervention of some supernatural forces that endowed the chosen one with a deep mind, extraordinary diligence, unquenchable passion and extraordinary insight.

(4) But, on the other hand, you experience heart-aching pain because many great people constantly endured adversity, languished alone, deprived of sympathy and support, cruelly reproached by those whom they sincerely served. (5) Remember the titan Prometheus, who stole fire from the Olympian celestials? (6) How did the people thank their savior? (7) They immediately forgot him, and the eyes of the hero chained to the rock watered from the acrid smoke of the fires on which the stew was cooked. (8) The legend of Prometheus reflects the drama of reality.

5. The problem of the relationship between life and its reflection in art. (Is it possible to capture in works of art the fullness of life, all the beauty of nature?)

5. Life is brighter than art, and Live nature more beautiful than all her images.

Read the text and complete tasks 20-25.

(1) On the Western Front, I had to live for some time in the dugout of technician-quartermaster Tarasnikov. (2) He worked in the operational part of the headquarters of the guards brigade. (3) Right there, in the dugout, his office was located.

(4) All day long he wrote and sealed packages, sealed them with sealing wax heated over a lamp, sent out some reports, accepted papers, redrew maps, tapped with one finger on a rusty typewriter, carefully knocking out each letter.

(5) One evening, when I returned to our hut, thoroughly wet in the rain, and squatted in front of the stove to light it, Tarasnikov got up from the table and came up to me.

“(6) I, you see,” he said somewhat guiltily, “decided not to light the stoves for the time being.” (7) Otherwise, you know, the stove produces fumes, and this, apparently, is reflected in its growth. (8) She stopped growing completely.

- (9) Who stopped growing?

- (10) Why haven’t you paid attention yet? - Tarasnikov shouted, staring at me with indignation. - (11) What is this? (12) Don't you see?

(12) And he looked with sudden tenderness at the low log ceiling of our dugout.

(14) I stood up, raised the lamp and saw that a thick round elm tree in the ceiling had sprouted a green sprout. (15) Pale and tender, with unsteady leaves, it stretched up to the ceiling. (16) In two places it was supported by white ribbons pinned to the ceiling with buttons.

- (17) Do you understand? - Tarasnikov spoke. - (18) Growing all the time. (19) Such a glorious branch sprang up. (20) And then you and I began to drown often, but she apparently didn’t like it. (21) Here I made notches on the log, and I have the dates stamped on it.

(21) You see how quickly it grew at first. (23) Some days I pulled out two centimeters. (24) I give you my honest, noble word! (25) And since you and I began to smoke here, I haven’t seen any growth for three days now. (26) So she won’t fade away for long. (27) Let's abstain. (28) And, you know, I’m interested: will he get to the exit? (29) After all, it is drawn closer to the air, where the sun is, smelled from underground.

(30) And we went to bed in a damp dugout. (31) The next day I myself started talking to him about his twig.

- (32) Imagine, she stretched out almost one and a half centimeters. (33) I told you, there is no need to drown. (34) This is simply an amazing natural phenomenon!...

(35) At night, the Germans rained down massive artillery fire on our location. (36) I woke up from the roar of nearby explosions, spitting out earth, which, due to the shaking, fell abundantly on us through the log ceiling. (37) Tarasnikov also woke up and turned on the light bulb. (38) Everything was hooting, trembling and shaking around us. (Z8) Tarasnikov put the light bulb in the middle of the table, leaned back on the bed, putting his hands behind his head:

- (40) I think that there is no great danger. (41) Won't it hurt her? (42) Of course, it’s a concussion, but there are three waves above us. (43) Is it just a direct hit? (44) And, you see, I tied it up. (45) As if he had a presentiment...

(46) I looked at him with interest.

(47) He lay with his head thrown back on his hands behind the back of his head, and looked with tender care at the weak green sprout curling under the ceiling.

(48) He simply forgot, apparently, that a shell could fall on us, explode in the dugout, and bury us alive underground. (49) No, he only thought about the pale green twig, stretching under the ceiling of our hut. (50) He was only worried about her.

(51) And often now, when I meet demanding, very busy, dry and callous at first glance, seemingly unfriendly people at the front and in the rear, I remember the technician-quartermaster Tarasnikov and his green branch. (52) Let the fire roar overhead, let the dank dampness of the earth penetrate into the very bones, all the same - as long as the timid, shy green sprout survives, if only it reaches the sun, the desired exit.

(53) And it seems to me that each of us has our own cherished green twig. (54) For her sake we are ready to endure all the ordeals and hardships wartime, because we know for sure: there, behind the exit, hung today with a damp raincoat-tent, the sun will certainly meet, warm and give new strength to our branch that has reached out, grown and saved by us. ( According to L. Kassil*)

The problem of overcoming difficulties.

(1) Only weak people, constantly in need of compensation for their insufficiency, usually weave intrigues, build intrigues, and secretly strike.

(2) Great power is always generous.

(3) I knew a super-strong man who, throughout his long heroic life, never laid a finger on anyone, wishing no harm to anyone. (4) Mental strength and nobility go hand in hand, and this explains why in our time nobility has again become in demand, valued and so widely practiced that it sometimes turns almost into a mass profession.

(5) In salvation armies, smart risk and true nobility are inseparable.

(6) The craft of salvation naturally filters people according to their spiritual qualities. (7) As a result, only the rescuers stay for a long time strong people, capable of protecting the weak who are in trouble. (8) Thus, for those who want to get a job in the Centrospas detachment, it is not enough to have an impeccable military or sports background and master the necessary set of specialties. (9) “Good” from the medical board is not the key to success. (10) Almost a thousand correctly chosen answers psychological testing also does not guarantee a candidate a place on the staff of an elite unit. (11) The newcomer needs to prove to future colleagues during the internship that he can be relied upon in any situation, that he shows the kindness and tolerance necessary in their daily missions.

(12) In order to cope with his responsibilities, a person must have a noble soul, full of best qualities. (13) But why, even having virtuous qualities, does a person commit immoral acts? (14) To a similar question, Confucius answered: “All people are close to each other by nature, but diverge from each other during their upbringing. (15) A person can lose noble qualities under the influence of bad communication. (16) Therefore, in order for all members of society to fulfill their civic duties and human norms, it is necessary to educate a person in the spirit of virtue.”

(17) Cultivation of culture, getting rid of bad manners and inclinations is aimed against arrogance, arrogance, self-will, malice, envy, feelings of inferiority, indiscipline, excessive suspicion, treachery, hypocrisy, duplicity, deceit, meanness and self-interest. (18) Only by getting rid of bad manners and inclinations, purifying your own soul, expelling everything bad from it, can you count on rapid progress and achieving perfection in skill. (19) None of the narrow-minded, selfish, cruel, cunning and secretive people due to mental defects have ever managed to achieve any significant success, and if they did, their triumph did not last long. (20) In the end, everything ended in tears both for themselves and for those around them.

(21) Will a noble man perish surrounded by competition and anger? (22) No! (23) It is he who will win. (24) Since nobility is based on strength of spirit. (25) To win in life, to win beautifully and firmly, reliably, you must have a high soul. (26) Good character. (27) The most reliable thing in our world is nobility of spirit. (28) Not by birth, not by blood, but by intelligence and honor.

(According to B. Bim-Bad*)

* Boris Mikhailovich Bim-Bad (born in 1941) - Russian teacher, full member (academician) Russian Academy education. Doctor pedagogical sciences, Professor.

1. Problem human strength and weaknesses. (What are the strengths and weaknesses of a person?)	1. Human weakness is manifested in aggression, the desire for destruction, and strength - in generosity and nobility.
2. The problem of selecting people in the Salvation Army. (What qualities should Salvation Army workers have?)	2. Except good physical training and good health, rescuers need qualities such as kindness and tolerance.
3. The problem of culture education. (Why is it necessary to cultivate culture in a person?)	3. Nurturing culture keeps people from immoral acts; it rids a person of those qualities that prevent the achievement of perfection in skill and lasting long-term success.
4. The problem of confrontation between human nobility and cruelty. (Is nobility capable of resisting evil?)	4. Nobility is based on the strength of spirit, therefore it is human nobility that always remains victorious.

(1) The night turned out to be steamy and warm. (2) Even in the evening we climbed a tall poplar to film the sunrise from above, having seen the red apple before anyone else, we settled down thoroughly in a comfortable fork in the tree, even dragged in a quilted blanket for softness. (3) We chatted all night, remembering, as boys do, scary stories, and, probably, did not allow the crows on the upper branches to sleep peacefully: they jumped up in fear, as if snoring from terrible dreams inspired by our stories. (4) The conversation revolved around the skeleton. (5) We kept making up who was it before: a penniless tramp, a scientist who gave himself to science? (6) Vitka stubbornly insisted that this was a sailor; only sailors, you see, are not afraid of a storm, or the devil, or a poker. - (7) Serbian sailor, - I sarcastically, - fearless and proud! (8) And Vitka clapped me on the top of the head, laughing. (9) The sun came out the way we expected it. (10) The solemn scarlet circle shone in our eyes, and I clicked the Photocore cable. (11) And during the day we were disappointed. (12) On the card, instead of scarlet splendor, there was a faded, underdeveloped circle through the black cracks of the poplar branches. (13) That's all. (14) The color disappeared in the black and white photograph, leaving only the outlines. (15) The idea failed. (16) The world that we saw was brighter and more beautiful than what the photography of that time could stop. (17) Life, it turns out, is brighter than art! (18) However, this did not seem important to me. (19) Vovka and Vitka stopped being enemies - that’s what I liked... (20) A person rejoices when he grows up. (21) Happy to be parting with childhood. (22) Of course! (23) He is independent, big, courageous! (24) And at first this independence seems very serious, but then... (25) Then it becomes sad. (26) And the older an adult, the sadder he is: after all, he is sailing further and further from the shore of his only childhood. (27) The house in which you grew up was demolished, and an emptiness arose in your heart. (28) They closed the school where I studied - there is now some kind of office there. (29) The store of visual aids has disappeared somewhere. (30) And then you found out: teacher Anna Nikolaevna died. (31) There are more and more empty spaces in the heart - as if it would not become completely empty, terrible, like that edge of the world near the white stairs on a quiet night: black in front of you, only cold stars! (32) Without childhood, the soul is cold. (33) When a person grows up, his eyes become dull. (34) He sees no less, even more, than in childhood, but the colors fade and the brightness is not the same as before. (35) It seems to me that everything was better in my childhood. (36) Swifts were flying overhead, a sea of ​​dandelions was blooming, and fish were pecking in the river. (37) It seems to me that everything was better, but I know that I am mistaken. (38) Who is given the magical right to compare childhoods? (39) What lucky person was able to start his life twice in order to compare the two beginnings? (40) There are no such people. (41) My childhood seems wonderful to me, and everyone has such a right, no matter what time they lived. (42) But it’s a pity to drive away the delusion. (43) I like it and it seems important. (44) I understand: in childhood there is similarity, but there is no repetition. (45) Every childhood has its own eyes. (According to A. Likhanov*) * Albert Anatolyevich Likhanov (born in 1935) - children's and youth writer, president of the International Association of Children's Funds, director of the Research Institute of Childhood.

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Childhood. Such a carefree time! Each person has his own memories of him, but what is their true value? The text raises the problem of memories of childhood. It is revealed by the author using the example of a story about a night spent by boys in nature waiting for the sun to rise in order to photograph it. The author recalls these fragments of childhood with warmth in his heart, and gives reasoning to confirm that during this period of life the world around him seems brighter and more beautiful. A. Likhanov believes that when a person becomes an adult, everything around him seems gray, nondescript, dull and “pale” in comparison with past childhood. Memories of this carefree time warm the soul, because during this period of life a person sees the world completely differently: everything seems beautiful. In my opinion, the writer is right. Indeed, growing up, a person moves away from childhood .But the older he gets, the sadder he is to part with him, and therefore memories of his past childhood are so valuable and important for any of us. Consider, for example, novel by I.S. Goncharov"Oblomov"

An example of writing an essay based on Likhanov's text. Analysis of the essay based on the text by Likhanov

Essay based on the text by Likhanov. Analysis of the essay based on Likhanov’s text.

Text according to Likhanov:

(1) A person rejoices when he grows up. (2) Happy to be leaving childhood behind. (Z) Of course! (4) He is independent, big, courageous! (5) And at first this independence seems very serious. (6) But then... (7) Then it becomes sad.
(8) And the older an adult, the sadder he is: after all, he sails further and further from the shore of his only childhood.
(9) The house in which you grew up was demolished, and an emptiness arose in your heart. (10) They closed the kindergarten you went to - there is now some kind of office there. (11) And then you found out: Anna Nikolaevna, your first teacher, died.
(12) There are more and more emptiness in the heart - as if it would not become completely empty, terrible, like that end of the world near the stairs on a quiet night: black in front of you, only cold stars!
(13) When a person grows up, his eyes grow dull. (14) He sees no less, even more, than in childhood, but the colors fade and the brightness is not the same as before.
(15) Without childhood, the soul is cold.
(16) It seems to me that everything was better in my childhood. (17) Swifts flew overhead - swift birds whose flight resembles the trail of lightning, and from them we learned the weather. (18) If they fly low, right above your head, cutting through the air with a slight rustle, it means rain, and if they hover in small dots in the bottomless heights, it means it’s a clear day, you don’t have to be afraid - the most reliable sign.
(19) The sea of ​​dandelions was blooming. (20) If you’re upset about something, upset - go outside when the dandelions are blooming, walk two blocks along a sunny path, and you’ll still remember why it upset you so much, what a nuisance: dandelions with their bright colors will magically erase everything in your head . (21) When will they fade? (22) When will the wind blow stronger? (23) A holiday in the soul, by God! (24) Clouds are rushing across the sky, white, flying. (25) And billions of parachutes take off from the ground to the clouds - a real blizzard. (26) On such a day you walk around rejoicing, as if you yourself were flying above the earth and looking at it from above.
(27) In my childhood there was fish in the river, big perches pecked on the fishing rod, not like now - all kinds of small fish!
(28) It seems to me that everything was better, but I know that I am mistaken. (29) Who is given the magical right to compare childhoods? (30) What lucky person was able to start his life twice to compare the two beginnings? (31) There are none. (32) My childhood seems wonderful to me, and everyone has such a right, no matter what time they lived. (ZZ) But it’s a pity to drive away the delusion. (34) I like it and it seems important.
(35) I understand: in childhood there is similarity, but there is no repetition. (36) Every childhood has its own eyes. (37) But how can we make sure that, in spite of everything, the world remains childishly beloved?
(38) How to do it? (39) Is there really no answer?

(According to A. Likhanov)

Analysis of the essay based on the text by A. Likhanov

Main problems
1. The problem of the role of childhood in human life. (What is the role of childhood memories in the life of every person? Why does a person think that everything was better in childhood?)	1. Childhood impressions are very important for a person: they preserve a joyful perception of the world, the image of their home, their native places. Childhood memories are the most vivid and unforgettable in everyone's life.
2. The problem of maintaining a childishly bright and clear perception of the world in adulthood. (Is it possible to preserve a child’s bright perception of the world?)