Pyrrhus tried to consolidate his successes on the battlefield with peace. The Romans, however, were not the type to give up after the first setbacks, and refused to make a pact with the king. Despite all the efforts of the diplomat Cineas and the effect that the defeat of the legions had in the south, the senate was adamant. According to legend, at the moment when the Romans hesitated, Appius Claudius Caecus (the Blind One), who was considered a real model of the Roman spirit, entered the curia. The aged censor demanded that the Senate stop negotiations with the enemy and continue the war. One way or another, the proposals of Pyrrhus were rejected and now the war had to be waged further.
Appius Claudius Caecus and contemporary photography of the Appian Way. (pinterest.com)
The king began to devastate Campania - the richest area under the control of Rome. Only the threat of seizing this important area brought the Latins out of the stupor in which they were after the defeat at Heraclea. Consul Levin reinforced the garrisons of Naples and Capua (the main city of Campania), forestalling the capture of these cities by the Epiriots. By the way, the rapid march of the Romans to the south was helped by the Appian Way, built on the initiative of the same Appius Claudius. All other Roman forces were to head south against Pyrrhus as soon as possible: two more legions were being formed in Rome, and the Senate ordered the war with the Etruscans to end as soon as possible.
The king, intending to lure Levin to the battlefield, moved north. The commander went through the Campaign, even invaded Latium, but Rome itself did not dare to attack - having learned about the conclusion of the agreement between the Romans and the Etruscans, the king realized that superior enemy forces would be waiting for him at the walls of the city. Despite the falling away of many Italics from Rome, he did not want to put up with Pyrrhus, and the king had no choice but to return to Tarentum and begin preparations for the next campaign. On the way to the winter apartments, the Epirus army once again met with the Romans, but it did not come to a battle: Pyrrhus calmly marched south, and the Romans did not dare to attack him.
Preparing for a new battle
The winter passed in active preparations on both sides. Pyrrhus, risking his relations with the Greeks, actively recruited them into the army: to defeat Rome, it was necessary to gather as many forces as possible. In addition, Pyrrhus diligently prepared his Italian allies for battle, teaching them how to act in the “correct” dismembered formation. I must say that Pyrrhus, on the whole, prepared well for a new confrontation: his army doubled in size.
Campaigns of Pyrrhus in Italy. (based on the book by R. V. Svetlov “Pyrrhus and military history his time")
In the campaign of 279 BC. e. Pyrrhus did not attack rich but well-defended Campania, but attacked Apulia, a flat region in southern Italy, lying east of Campania. Both consular armies went there, intending to block the way for the further advance of Pyrrhus. In the summer, the enemy armies met near the town of Ausculus in northwestern Apulia. Probably by this time most of area was already in the hands of the king.
Side forces
The armies numbered approximately 30 - 35 thousand infantrymen, several thousand cavalry (the numerical and qualitative superiority was on the side of the king). Also in the service of Pyrrhus were 19 elephants. The Romans gathered several legions (according to various estimates from 4 to 7), which were reinforced by allied detachments. The allied detachments of the Italics also fought on the side of Pyrrhus - the Greeks (and even more so the epiriots themselves) made up a smaller part of his army.
Not much information has come down to us about what the battlefield looked like: it is known that, unlike Heraclea, Pyrrhus was the first to attack the Romans, leaving the camp and crossing the river that crossed the battlefield. The banks of the river were covered with forests, hindering the actions of the cavalry and elephants and interfering with the formation of heavily armed epiriot hoplites. Between the river and the Roman camp was a plain large enough for both armies to line up there.
Warriors of the army of Pyrrhus of Epirus. (pinterest.com)
We have already briefly mentioned the military affairs of Pyrrhus and Rome, talking about, here we will only indicate that the most combat-ready and experienced parts of the army of Pyrrhus were Thessalian horsemen (shock cavalry), the hoplite Hellenistic phalanx and the elite units of the hypaspists (agems), more mobile and lightly armed than a phalanx. The basis of the Roman army at that time was a reformed legion, divided into maniples of hastati, principes and triarii.
By the time of the Battle of Ausculum, the Italians began to play an even more prominent role in the Epirus army, because it was at their expense that Pyrrhus increased his strength. As mentioned above, the king tried to accustom the Italians to act in a more organized manner and fight in a dismembered formation.
Battle
On a summer morning in 279 B.C. e. King Pyrrhus began to withdraw his troops from the camp, intending to ford the river and impose a battle on the opposite bank of the Romans. It is interesting that among ancient authors there are discrepancies even in how long the battle lasted: some writers claim that the battle went on for one day - others that the battle lasted for two days. Today, most historians tend to believe that the battle really lasted two days: on the first, Pyrrhus tried to cross the river, and the Romans gave him a tough rebuff, the main battle took place the next day.
The first day
Pyrrhus encountered difficulties at the very beginning of the battle. The crossing turned out to be not at all as easy as the king expected: the Romans chose a good position for the battle, so that the troops of the Epiriots, crossing the river, faced fierce resistance on the enemy side: the cavalry could not gain a foothold on the high wooded bank, and the infantrymen, being under fire , were forced to hide behind shields and defend themselves, standing waist-deep in water. The roles of the Romans and Epiriotes were actually reversed: the year before, the consul Levin had also tried to cross the Siris and, gaining a foothold on the other side, overturn Pyrrhus and his army.
The Hellenistic phalanx is the striking power of Alexander's heirs. (pinterest.com)
The persistence of the Romans in defending their coast was so great that on the first day Pyrrhus did not manage to cross and deploy his army for battle. On the other hand, the Romans were not able to throw the epiriots into the river - the latter managed to take a bridgehead on the other side of the river and hold it until dark. At night, the legions withdrew to the camp, and the soldiers of Pyrrhus remained to rest right on the battlefield. The outcome of the battle was to be clarified the next day.
Second day
The decision of Pyrrhus to leave the troops to spend the night right in the field was dictated by the desire to maintain the tactical initiative for the next day. Indeed, when the Roman commanders were just withdrawing the legions from the camp, Pyrrhus's army was already built and ready for battle. The center of the Epiriots consisted of infantry, to which the king tried to give maximum elasticity: detachments of the Italians stood interspersed with the Greeks, giving the system flexibility. The core of the infantry was the phalanx of the Molossian Epiriots. On the flanks, slightly behind the infantry, the cavalry was located. Part of the riders and elephants were put into reserve.
The Romans lined up in the same way: infantry in the center, cavalry on the wings. The consuls planned to "grind" the infantry of Pyrrhus even before the introduction of elephants into battle. But even in the event of the appearance of these terrible beasts, which the Roman infantrymen simply refused to fight, it seemed that a solution was found: the Romans, according to ancient authors, brought hundreds of wagons (or chariots) with braziers, torches, tridents and iron scythes onto the battlefield, which were supposed to frighten and injure elephants. However, in reality, everything turned out a little differently.
Battle of the phalanx and the legion. (pinterest.com)
The battle began with a shootout of throwers, after which the Romans immediately went on the attack and rushed to the foot soldiers of Pyrrhus. A hot fight broke out. The Romans attacked the enemy with all their energy, trying to push him and break through the front of Pyrrhus' Italics. Where the Epirus phalanx fought, the Romans did not succeed, but on the left flank and center, where Lucans and Samnites fought mainly, inferior to the Romans in training and weapons, the legions managed to push the enemy. The king, however, skillfully used the flexibility of his army and reserves, transferring them to the threatened direction.
elephant attack
Finally, when the soldiers on both sides were already sufficiently tired from the battle, an indistinct rumble and clatter was heard on the flank of the Romans. They were elephants! Despite the fear that the animals inspired, the Roman commanders remained calm: they hoped for chariots with crews.
But Pyrrhus was far from being so simple as to risk a few animals: a large detachment of archers and throwers and detachments of cavalry were attached to the elephantia, which were supposed to clear the way for the elephants. Light maneuverable detachments easily dealt with the clumsy chariots, and the elephants, having driven away the enemy horsemen, crashed into the flank of the Roman legions.
Elephants attack the ranks of the Romans. (pinterest.com)
Pyrrhus, who was fighting among the infantry, also increased the pressure on the maniples of the enemy, and the Romans finally faltered. It seemed impossible to fight against the elephants - you could only run. Animals have been compared to natural disasters like floods or earthquakes. The Romans fled and took refuge in a camp near the battlefield.
The king did not dare to storm the Roman fortifications on the move: his army was tired of a two-day battle, and even noticeably thinned. In addition, the king himself was wounded (like the consul Fabricius) and could lose control of the battle for some time, and fires were already looming in the rear: the Epiriot camp was in danger. It turned out that during the battle, one of the Italian detachments allied to the Romans bypassed the battlefield and attacked the enemy’s camp, so Pyrrhus had to urgently take measures to save supplies and loot. There was no longer any question of continuing the battle.
Outcome of the battle
Pyrrhus again defeated the Romans in open battle, face to face, without resorting to ambushes or cunning (except, perhaps, elephants). The losses of Pyrrhus are usually estimated at 3.5 thousand soldiers, legions - at 6 thousand, however, if these figures take into account losses only among the Epiriots and the Romans proper (as researcher R.V. Svetlov believes, for example), then the parties lost at least twice as much soldiers - only up to 20 thousand soldiers.
Nevertheless, as in the case of Heracles, the victory went to Pyrrhus at a high price, at the cost of the death of many of his veterans and close associates. Looking around the battlefield, Pyrrhus allegedly exclaimed in his hearts: "Another such victory - and I died!" The Romans, despite another painful defeat, were not defeated and still refused to make peace with Pyrrhus until he left Italy.
However, this was not enough for the heirs of the enemies of Pyrrhus: in ancient historiography, the battle of Ausculum turned from a defeat of the Romans ... into a victory! Historian S. S. Kazarov writes about it this way: “... the Romans, who were defeated on the battlefield, took a convincing revenge on the pages historical writings". In fact, the battle of Ausculum was not such a “Pyrrhic victory”, as Roman historiography, hostile to Pyrrhus, tried to present it, although it is to this battle that we owe the appearance of catchphrase known since ancient times.
What's next?
After Ausculum, active hostilities subsided for some time. If in the case of the Romans this is easy to explain - they needed time to replenish their strength, and they hardly wanted to fight the overseas king and his monsters in the open field - then why Pyrrhus did not continue the war with all his energy is much more difficult to understand.
Someone explains this by the bleeding of the king's army, whose mobilization capabilities were much more modest than the Roman ones, while others point to the political situation in the Balkans, where the invasion of the Galatian Celts coincided with the fall of power in Macedonia. Pyrrhus really had to be on his guard in order to react in a timely manner to events overseas.
The Romans deal with the rebellious city. (pinterest.com)
On the other hand, the features of the nature of Pyrrhus, a talented and decisive man, but impatient, affected. And now he has already begun to be burdened by his position in Italy, seeing that the war with Rome is dragging on, and the local Greeks are increasingly seeing him as a tyrant than a savior. At the same time, another delegation arrived from Syracuse, who found themselves in the ring of enemies: Marmetian robbers raged in the northeast of the island, in the west the Carthaginians captured more and more new lands - they even managed to reach Syracuse themselves. The Sicilian Greeks did not have a capable leader, so they repeatedly asked Pyrrhus to come to them and help in the fight against the enemies of the Hellenes.
The king, bogged down in Italy, was thinking more and more seriously about an expedition to Sicily. And indeed: after spending another year in the Apennines, waiting for the right moment, Pyrrhus went to the island to fight the Puns, giving his expedition the same pan-Hellenic character as the landing in Italy. But we will tell about the accomplishments of Pyrrhus in the fight against the ancestors of Hannibal next time. To be continued.
Pyrrhic victory- a victory that came at too high a price; victory equals defeat.
The origin of this expression is due to the battle of Ausculum in 279 BC. e. Then the Epirus army of King Pyrrhus for two days attacked the Roman troops and broke their resistance, but the losses were so great that Pyrrhus remarked: “ One more such victory, and I will be left without an army» .
Before Pyrrhus, there was an expression in everyday life " Cadmeian victory", Based on the ancient Greek epic " Seven against Thebes" and found in Plato in his "Laws".
Write a review on the article "Pyrrhic victory"
Notes
An excerpt characterizing a Pyrrhic victory
"Here's the thing," she said significantly, and also in a whisper. - The reputation of Count Kirill Vladimirovich is known ... He lost count of his children, but this Pierre was his favorite.“How good the old man was,” said the countess, “even last year!” I have never seen a more beautiful man.
“Now he has changed a lot,” said Anna Mikhailovna. “So I wanted to say,” she continued, “by his wife, the direct heir to the entire estate, Prince Vasily, but Pierre was very fond of his father, was engaged in his upbringing and wrote to the sovereign ... so no one knows if he dies (he is so bad that they expect it every minute, and Lorrain came from St. Petersburg), who will get this huge fortune, Pierre or Prince Vasily. Forty thousand souls and millions. I know this very well, because Prince Vasily himself told me this. Yes, and Kirill Vladimirovich is my maternal second cousin. It was he who baptized Borya, ”she added, as if not attributing any significance to this circumstance.
Excursion into history
In 280 BC, King Pyrrhus landed in Italy with his large army. On the side of Pyrrhus were the recalcitrant Samnites. The army included war elephants, which was a big surprise for the Romans. The first battle ended in a decisive victory for Pyrrhus's army, even though the Romans were vastly outnumbered. A year later, in 279, the Romans sent a new army to crush Pyrrhus. After a long battle, Pyrrhus again managed to defeat the Romans, but, counting the losses, the king cried out: "Another such victory and I will be left without an army!" The Romans fought courageously, and the losses were equivalent - 15 thousand people.
Achievements of Pyrrhus
The king of Epirus is famous not only for the phrase “Pyrrhic victory”, but also for some achievements that enriched the military affairs of that time. It was he who first began to enclose the battle camp with a moat and rampart for defense. After the battle with the Romans, the expression "Pyrrhic victory" became widespread. Basically, it is pronounced when success had to be paid very dearly. Such victories include the Battle of Malplac, the War of the Spanish Succession (1709). Then the British, after defeating the French, discovered that a third of their troops had died. The Battle of Maloyaroslavets (1812) is also a Pyrrhic victory. The French then still managed to take the city, but, as you know, the Napoleonic army did not receive anything worthwhile from such an acquisition.
Contemporaries often compared Pyrrhus to a dice player whose every throw is successful, but who does not know how to use his luck. As a result, this feature of Pyrrhus became the cause of his death. In addition, it was the war elephants, his secret "wonder weapon", that played a decisive role in his death.
Battle of Argos
When the army of Pyrrhus besieged Argos, his soldiers found an opportunity to quietly penetrate the sleeping city, but the king decided to bring war elephants into the city. But since they did not pass through the gate, this caused a noise, and the Argives grabbed their weapons. The battle in the narrow streets led to general confusion, no one heard the orders, it was impossible to determine where anyone was. As a result, Argos became a huge trap for the Epirus army. Trying to get out of the city, Pyrrhus sent a messenger to his son with an order to break the walls so that his army could leave the “captured city”. But his order was misunderstood, and the son of Pyrrhus went to the city to save his father. At the gate, two streams - retreating and those who hurried to their rescue - collided. In this pandemonium, Pyrrhus died at the hands of the mother of the warrior Argos, with whom he fought. The woman decided to help her son and threw a tile at Pyrrhus, hitting him right in the neck, not protected by armor.
"Pyrrhic victory": meaning
So, a Pyrrhic victory is called a victory for which a very high price had to be paid. This is a success that can be equated with defeat. In St. Petersburg, in the very center of the city, there is the Admiralty Tower. Four seated warriors can be seen against the background of the sky at the corners of the tower. Few people know who they are, but these are the four most famous commanders of ancient times: Caesar, Achilles, Pyrrhus and Alexander.
Pyrrhic victory
Pyrrhic victory
According to the ancient Greek historian Plutarch, the king of Epirus Pyrrhus in 279 BC. e., after his victory over the Romans at Asculum, he exclaimed: "Another such victory, and we are lost." Another version of the same phrase is known: "One more such victory, and I will be left without an army."
In this battle, Pyrrhus won thanks to the presence in his army of war elephants, against which at that time the Romans did not yet know how to fight and therefore were powerless in front of them, “as if before rising water or a destructive earthquake,” as the same Plutarch wrote. The Romans then had to leave the battlefield and retreat to
their camp, which, according to the customs of those times, meant a complete victory for Pyrrhus. But the Romans fought courageously, so the winner that day lost as many soldiers as the defeated - 15 thousand people. Hence this bitter confession of Pyrrhus.
Contemporaries compared Pyrrhus to a dice player who always makes a good throw, but does not know how to use this luck. As a result, this feature of Pyrrhus killed him. Moreover, an ominous role in his death was played by his own “miracle weapon” - war elephants.
When Pyrrhus's army besieged the Greek city of Argos, his warriors found a way to infiltrate the sleeping city. They would have captured it completely bloodlessly, if not for the decision of Pyrrhus to bring war elephants into the city. They did not pass through the gates - the battle towers installed on them interfered. They began to take them off, then put them on the animals again, which caused a noise. The Argives grabbed their weapons, fighting began in the narrow city streets. There was general confusion: no one heard orders, no one knew who was where, what was happening on the next street. Argos has become a huge trap for the Epirus army.
Pyrrhus tried to get out of the "captured" city as soon as possible. He sent a messenger to his son, who was standing near the city with a detachment, with an order to urgently break part of the wall so that the Epirus warriors would quickly leave the city. But the messenger misunderstood the order, and the son of Pyrrhus moved to the city to help his father. So two oncoming streams collided at the gate - those retreating from the city and those who hurried to their aid. To top it all off, the elephants rebelled: one lay down right at the gate, not wanting to move at all, the other, the most powerful, named Nikon, having lost his wounded driver friend, began to look for him, rush about and trample both his own and other people's soldiers. Finally, he found his friend, grabbed him with his trunk, put him on his tusks and rushed out of the city, crushing everyone he met.
In this turmoil, Pyrrhus himself died. He fought a young Argos-sktsm warrior whose mother, like all the women of the city, stood on the roof of her house. Being near the place of the fight, she saw her son and decided to help him. Having broken the tiles from the roof, she threw them at Pyrrhus and hit him in the neck, which was not protected by armor. The commander fell and was finished off on the ground.
But, besides this "sad-born" phrase, Pyrrhus is also known for some achievements that enriched the military affairs of that time. So. he was the first to enclose the military camp with a defensive rampart and a moat. Before him, the Romans surrounded their camp with wagons, so its arrangement usually ended.
Allegorically: a victory that came at a very high cost; success equal to defeat (iron.).
Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. - M.: "Lokid-Press". Vadim Serov. 2003 .
Pyrrhic victory
Epirus king Pyrrhus in 279 BC defeated the Romans at the Battle of Ausculum. But this victory, as Plutarch (in the biography of Pyrrhus) and other ancient historians tell, cost Pyrrhus such great losses in the army that he exclaimed: "Another such victory, and we are lost!" Indeed, in the following year, 278, the Romans defeated Pyrrhus. Hence the expression "Pyrrhic victory" in the meaning: a dubious victory that does not justify the sacrifices incurred for it.
Dictionary of winged words. Plutex. 2004
Synonyms:
See what "Pyrrhic victory" is in other dictionaries:
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
PYRRHIC VICTORY. see victory. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Exist., number of synonyms: 2 wins (28) losses (12) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
Pyrrhic victory- wing. sl. Epirus king Pyrrhus in 279 BC e. defeated the Romans at the Battle of Ausculum. But this victory, as Plutarch tells (in the biography of Pyrrhus) and other ancient historians, cost Pyrrhus such great losses in the army that he ... ... Universal optional practical dictionary I. Mostitsky
Pyrrhic victory- Book. A victory discounted by excessive losses. The impresario jumped up and greeted Rachmaninoff with a respectfully jocular bow. I confess that you won... But no matter how it turned out to be a Pyrrhic victory. Serious trials await you ... All the collection from my ... ... Phrasebook Russian literary language
Pyrrhic victory- a stable combination A dubious victory that does not justify the sacrifices made for it. Etymology: After the name of the Epirus king Pyrrhus (Greek Pyrros), who defeated the Romans in 279 BC. e. a victory that cost him enormous losses. Encyclopedic ... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language
Pyrrhic victory- Victory, given at the cost of such huge losses that it becomes doubtful or not worth it(from historical event victory of King Pyrrhus over the Romans at the cost of huge losses) ... Dictionary of many expressions
Campaign of Pyrrhus A Pyrrhic victory, a victory won too dearly; victory equals defeat. This expression owes its origin to the battle of Ausculum in 2 ... Wikipedia
- (on behalf of the Epirus king Pyrrhus, who won a victory over the Romans in 279 BC, which cost him huge losses) a dubious victory that does not justify the sacrifices made for it. New dictionary foreign words. by EdwART, 2009 … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Pyrrhic victory- bookstore a victory that cost too many sacrifices, and therefore tantamount to defeat. The expression is associated with the victory of the Epirus king Pyrrhus over the Romans (279 BC), which cost him such losses that, according to Plutarch, he exclaimed: “Another one ... ... Phraseology Handbook
Books
- Demyansk battle. "Stalin's missed triumph" or "Hitler's Pyrrhic victory"?", Alexander Petrovich Simakov. This massacre became the longest battle of the Great Patriotic War, which dragged on for a year and a half, from September 1941 to March 1943. Both sides of this bloody battle announced...
Pyrrhic victory
Over the years, Rome has increasingly expanded its influence. So, once the inhabitants of the Greek city of Tarentum, in southern Italy, flooded the Roman ships that entered their harbor and thus gave Rome a pretext for war, which was declared to Tarentum in 281 BC. e. Fearing the power of the Roman state, the Tarentines sent for help to the Greek kingdom of Epirus, where Pyrrhus, a famous warrior and commander, ruled at that time. Knowing that after the unsuccessful war with Macedon, Pyrrhus spends his days in idleness, the ambassadors of Tarentum came with rich gifts, promising Pyrrhus the help of all the Greek cities of Italy, if he opposes Rome.
Pyrrhus, flattered by these speeches, agreed. All associates unanimously supported him, and only the wise Kineas, the king's adviser, tried to dissuade him, anticipating failure.
“Tell me, my king, if the gods send us victory over Rome, what will you do next?” asked the cautious sage. “What a stupid question! Pyrrhus laughed. “If we defeat the Romans, not a single city of Italy will stand before us, and all this rich land will become ours!” “And what will you do when you take possession of Italy?” continued the insistent Kineas. “Yes, this is understandable for a child! - answered the king. “Sicily lies nearby, and it will be easy to capture it.” “Your words are reasonable,” agreed Kineas. “So your campaign will end in Sicily?” - “No, what are you! Pyrrhus was surprised. “After all, Sicily is within easy reach of Africa, and even if we take possession of Carthage, not a single enemy in the world will dare to oppose us.” “That’s right,” Keaney admitted. - I have no doubt that you will return Macedonia without effort. But what next, my king? - "What's next?" Pyrrhus wondered. - "Further we will be able to feast in silence for a pleasant conversation and no longer think about the war." “But even now we are feasting calmly,” the sage answered slyly. “Why put yourself in so many dangers to get back to where you started?”
But no matter how witty and fair the speeches of Cineas were, Pyrrhus did not listen to him. Soon he landed with an army at Tarentum, and there, gathering all the Italic Greeks, moved towards the consular legions. In the battle, the consul was defeated, and Pyrrhus began to send messengers to Rome with an offer of peace. But the Romans, embittered by defeat, abandoned peace, and the most intelligent of them understood, in addition, that the army of Pyrrhus in a foreign land was melting day by day, while the Romans could recruit twice as many soldiers as before.
Pyrrhus, who knew about this, was looking for new battles. With an army, he overtook the Romans near Ausculum, and there a battle broke out, which, as they say, lasted two whole days. This battle was so difficult that if it were not for the war elephants of the army of Pyrrhus, which the Romans considered equal to an earthquake, which mortals could not fight, then Pyrrhus would never have been able to push the enemy back into the camp. But in the battle, most of the Epirus army, all the confidants and generals of the king, died.
Looking around the battlefield, littered with the bodies of his soldiers, Pyrrhus heard one of the survivors praising the gods for the victory. “If we win another victory over the Romans,” Pyrrhus exclaimed in his hearts, “we will finally perish!”
Being, however, a reasonable ruler, Pyrrhus did not bring his army to death, because at that moment the Sicilians turned to him for help and he left Italy, but his battle with Rome at Ausculum entered the annals as the famous Pyrrhic victory - a victory that came at the cost of , essentially equal to defeat.
This text is an introductory piece. From the book latest book facts. Volume 3 [Physics, chemistry and technology. History and archeology. Miscellaneous] author Kondrashov Anatoly Pavlovich From the book Myths and Traditions ancient rome author Lazarchuk Dina AndreevnaA Pyrrhic Victory Over the years, Rome expanded its influence more and more. So, once the inhabitants of the Greek city of Tarentum, in southern Italy, flooded the Roman ships that entered their harbor and thus gave Rome a pretext for war, which was declared to Tarentum in 281 BC. e. Fearing
From the book Reconstruction of World History [text only] author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich9. VICTORY OVER RAZIN AS A VICTORY OF REFORMATION It is believed that approximately 60 years after the accession to the Moscow throne of the Romanovs, the largest "rebellion" arose in the country, today called the uprising of Stepan Timofeevich Razin. It is also called the peasant war. Allegedly,
From the book Knight at the Crossroads: Feudal War in Russia in the 15th century. author Zimin Alexander AlexandrovichPyrrhic victory Behind the appearance of good-neighborly relations between the "oldest brother" Vasily II and the "youngest" - Dmitry Shemyaka, there was an irreconcilable enmity that was just waiting for an opportunity to spill out. Sooner or later the rival princes had to try
From the book The Truth about the Great Patriotic War (collection of articles) author Sokolov Boris VadimovichPyrrhic victory (New about the war with Finland) (Published: Historians answer questions. Issue 2. Compiled by A.V. Polikarpov. M .: Moskovsky Rabochiy, 1990. Published with additions.) What do we know about the Finnish war? That it began on November 30, 1939, and ended on March 12, 1940, which in
From the book SS Division "Reich". History Second tank division SS troops. 1939-1945 author Akunov Wolfgang ViktorovichPyrrhic Victory "One more victory like this and I'll have no warriors left." King Pyrrhus of Epirus after the victory over the Romans
From the book Carthage must be destroyed by Miles RichardPyrrhic Victory In the early decades of the 3rd century, the Romans turned their attention to the wealthy cities of Magna Graecia, Magna Graecia, a vast area of southern Italy colonized by Greek settlers. After a series of border clashes with the Romans, Tarentum, the most powerful
From the book Premier. Project 2017 - myth or reality? author Ryzhkov Nikolay IvanovichChapter 4 Gorbachev's Pyrrhic Victory Gorbachev was waiting. But this does not mean at all that the expectation was passive. In 1983, Andropov brought the first secretary of the Tomsk Regional Committee, Yegor Kuzmich Ligachev, to the Central Committee to the post of head of the Department of Organizational Party Work. In the same year he was elected
From the book Demyansk battle. "Stalin's missed triumph" or "Hitler's Pyrrhic victory"? author Simakov Alexander PetrovichAlexander Petrovich Simakov Battle of Demyansk. "Stalin's missed triumph" or "Hitler's Pyrrhic victory"? The author is grateful to E. Vinogradov, A. Grigoriev, V. Mironov, S. Petrov, V. Stepanov, S. Skovorodkin, and O. Khrushchev for invaluable help in working on this
From the book Ukraine: my war [Geopolitical Diary] author Dugin Alexander GelievichThe Pyrrhic Victory of the Returnee (Moscow's Apparatus Battles and the Fate of Novorossiya) Geopolitics and Morality of the Ukrainian Drama: Logical Chain Gradually, the situation with Novorossiya, and especially the Donbass, more or less cleared up and turned out to be quite alarming and
From the book Chronicle of the Environment: Demyansk and Kharkov author Moshchansky Ilya Borisovich"Pyrrhic" victory How did the story of the liquidation of the "Demyansk ledge" end? Readers will be interested to know about this. Military-political leadership Soviet Union returned to the problem of the Demyansk bridgehead at the beginning of 1943. The successful offensive of the troops
From the book The Most Notorious Crimes of History author Kolkutin Viktor ViktorovichPyrrhic victory for the champion For more than a year, the media shook the minds of Russia with a story about how Dagestani Rasul Mirzaev, the champion in the most cruel martial arts, nicknamed the “Black Tiger”, cold-bloodedly killed the young man Ivan in Moscow on a night street
From the book The Genius of Evil Stalin author Tsvetkov Nikolay Dmitrievich"Pyrrhic Victory" (On the winter-spring offensive of the Red Army in 1942) Based on the analysis of the situation (the enemy is running out of steam and no longer had the strength or means to conduct the offensive) G.K. Zhukov submitted a counteroffensive plan for consideration by the Headquarters Western Front November 30, 1941
From the book Notes on the Revolution author Sukhanov Nikolay Nikolaevich6. Battle and Pyrrhic victory for democracy The bourgeoisie mobilizes the army. - Dual power. - Resolutions. - Trips to Headquarters. - Propaganda committee. - Addresses, orders, delegations. - In the rear garrisons. - Agitation of the Stavka. - Mobilization of civilian forces. - Terrestrial spheres. -
From the book In the Land of Myths author Arsky Felix Naumovich"Pyrrhic Victory" In 279 BC, the Epirus king Pyrrhus, who fought against the Romans, inflicted a severe defeat on them. And yet this event did not cause delight in him. After counting the losses of his own troops, he despondently admitted: “Another such victory over the Romans - and we
From the book Mysteries of History. Patriotic War 1812 author Kolyada Igor Anatolievich"A trifling victory": victory near Kobrin Speaking about the ratio of troops before the battle near Kobrin, it should be noted that the number of Tormasov's 3rd observational army varies slightly in different documents. So, according to the staff composition, historians count in it