What is economic culture? Economic culture - Knowledge Hypermarket What is the economic culture of society

] [ Russian language ] [ Ukrainian language ] [ Belarusian language ] [ Russian literature ] [ Belarusian literature ] [ Ukrainian literature ] [ Fundamentals of health ] [ Foreign literature ] [ Natural history ] "Man, Society, State"[Other tutorials]

§ 18. Economic culture

Essence and functions

Economic culture is an integral and essential part of general culture. Civilized man- this is a person with

developed economic culture. Different scientists define its essence differently. However, all these definitions boil down to the fact that economic culture can be considered, like political culture, in the narrow and broad sense of the word.

Economic culture in the broad sense of the word - this is the totality of material and spiritual means of production created by society: machines, buildings, cities, roads, etc.; economic knowledge, skills, methods and forms of communication between people, economic intelligence.

Economic culture in the narrow sense of the word- this is a typical way of economic thinking and activity of a people, group, and individuals. With its help, people adapt to specific socio-economic conditions

of its existence. Economic culture also includes a set of economic interests, values, norms, rules, abilities and skills that are regulators of economic behavior. In other words, economic culture consists of behavioral stereotypes and economic knowledge.

Figuratively speaking, economic culture is a tool, a “language” with the help of which people can communicate with each other in the process of economic activity and behavior and, accordingly, understand the essence of economic phenomena and processes occurring in a given society and throughout the world.

Each economic era is characterized by its own level and type of economic culture of the population. At the same time, of course, different groups populations have significantly different levels of economic culture. Thus, economists have theoretical economic consciousness. Government officials, directors, managers, entrepreneurs must have culture of practical economic thinking.

And for mass consciousness in economic culture, production and consumer motivations are primarily important.

Modern economic culture largely coincides with the civilization and sociality of society. In it the main role ot-

takes into account the interests of individuals and groups of people. Traditional "idols" economic development(profit, quantitative growth) are replaced by more human goals.

Today's type of market and especially socially oriented economy is assessed from other positions - as more “concerned”, “understanding”, “reasonable”, “expedient”, “useful”, more and more in line with the interests of each person. The foundations are now being laid new economic culture: creation in society of conditions that provide the necessary social orientations for the behavior of business entities in general and separately for the behavior of decision makers; maintaining a mobile information and communication system; improving advertising; organization of activities of economic and financial institutions (exchanges, banks, insurance companies, audit services), etc.

All this should lead to the creation of an information and computer society, in which the diversity of people's needs and differentiation of their interests is the key to the development of the entire society, a condition for its improvement. The features of such a society will be the multivariate choice of economic decisions based on satisfying the pluralism of interests, motives of various subjects of economic activity, as well as taking into account many factors and objective conditions: economic, social, economic-psychological, technical.

Economic culture performs several functions: cognitive, applied, educational etc. New economic knowledge stimulates a critical re-evaluation of old knowledge and especially

knowledge of trends in the development of society for the future. As for the applied function of economic culture, the activity of subjects of economic relations largely depends not only on the level of their economic knowledge, but also on the ability to apply them in practice, i.e. economic consciousness of people.

Economically cultural personality

Being economically cultured is important these days for every person, regardless of whether he works in a state enterprise or is employed own business or doesn't work at all. Let's think about what makes it different an economically and culturally developed person? Apparently, first of all, the availability critical economic thinking.

The basis of critical economic thinking of an individual is an understanding of the essence of economic laws, economic processes and phenomena both within the framework of the economic system of one’s country and between different types of economic systems of other states.

Critical economic thinking is not only the result of mastering the course of economics and other academic disciplines. It is also formed in the family, in the immediate social environment as a system of views and ideas, for example, regarding how to plan and manage a family budget, how best to spend money, what economic priorities exist, how you can earn a living, what needs to be produced first queue.

A person always faces specific life situations and problems, including economic ones. He needs to strive for a clear formulation of the question, versatile awareness, a holistic consideration of the situation: identifying alternatives; to a consistent, turn-by-turn consideration of parts of a complex whole; analysis of specific situations, actions and actions of opponents and competitors, etc.

Economic culture is manifested in the ability to realize one’s individual abilities in each given specific situation.A To do this, you need to constantly replenish your economic knowledge, find strength, if necessary, change your ideas, areas of activity and even economic interests.

One of the complexes of an individual’s economic culture is certain economic skills, abilities, and experience.

Economic skills These are the actions of a person that, as a result of frequent repetitions, are performed quickly, accurately, and automatically.

In economic activity, useful skills can be

include computer work, calculations, analysis economic activity, developing a business plan, calculating the rate and amount of profit, determining the amount of taxes, drawing up a home budget, etc.

Certain skills are also required for business communication, independent selection of an object of labor, planning and organizing one’s work, buying and selling products, setting prices, creating and popularizing advertising, etc.

A person’s ability to perform certain economic activities or individual economic actions based on economic skills is called economic skill. For example, even a seller at the Minsk Komarovsky market, not to mention a designer, manager, etc., needs to be able to organize his workplace, your working day, determine the sequence of the upcoming work, take risks, behave thoughtfully at auction, etc.

A repeated certain level of economic skills and abilities is nothing more than experience. You can often hear the following words: experienced economist, experienced entrepreneur, experienced manager, experienced consultant, etc. Experience is acquired as a result of practical activity.

This means that economic culture is manifested in the presence of functional economic literacy in a person, in knowledge of the basics of economic life not only of a family, enterprise (firm), but also of the entire society as a whole.

Economic culture makes it possible to form such personality qualities as economic motives for activity.

Motives are the motivations of a person to perform certain activities. Economic motives determine the direction of a person’s thoughts, his actions, his line of behavior, etc.

In any case, the individual bears personal responsibility for his own economic behavior.

To answer the question of why a person in a given situation acts this way, you need to know the motives that prompt him to such actions.

Economic motives can be personal and socially significant. Personal motives directly related to human needs. Conscious needs become the leading motive of individual behavior. Awareness of rational needs is impossible without the economic culture of the subject.

The best option is unity, coincidence of personal and public interests. If this occurs in a given society, then the level of economic culture is considered to be the highest.

One of the main components of economic culture is creativity. Creative thinking person faster and deeper

acquires economic knowledge. On the other hand, such an employee is able to more quickly and effectively find ways out of constantly emerging difficult economic situations.

Creativity, as the most important component of economic culture, accompanies the work of a person of any profession. Creative activity may manifest itself in the analysis of ways to improve working conditions and sales markets, new forms of organization and remuneration; in improving the means of labor; in economic analysis of labor results, etc.

The economic culture of any business entity must include humanistic beginning. This is especially important in the field of entrepreneurship.

Culture of civilized entrepreneurship

Civilized production and entrepreneurship are moral only when they lead to an improvement in living conditions and to the self-discovery of the talents and desires of each person.

Ideally, the economic principle of civilized business activity is service to people.

Entrepreneur- creator in economics, and therefore- and in the history of the country. Therefore, all the components of economic culture, as just mentioned, must be inherent in it in the first place. In addition, a modern entrepreneur needs other qualities:

capacity for economic choice- what needs to be produced first and how much so that the goods and services find their consumers, the ability to use resources effectively so that the produced goods are not only competitive, but also accessible to the consumer;

economic activity, which is expressed in individual independence in the decision-making process, in the organization of production, in personal responsibility for the results of one’s activities.

Along with civilized entrepreneurship, in almost any country, in one form or another, the so-called "shadow economy. It gave rise to a kind of distorted market.

Here, entrepreneurship, although combined with the ability to establish contacts with potential counterparties and the skills of collecting and using local economic, scientific and technical information (mainly through the dating system and random channels), clearly negative aspects of the economy still prevail: lack of guarantees of a business commitment; aggressiveness, rudeness and pressure on a colleague or partner, which increases as a result of the desire for financial success and gain; legal nihilism leading to crime situations, etc.

In a civilized market, relations between partners must be civilized, that is, mutually beneficial and safe.

Conclusions./. Economic culture is an integral part of general culture. A civilized society without it is unthinkable. 2. Economic culture is a “language” with the help of which people can communicate with each other in the process of economic activity and behavior. 3. Each economic era is characterized by its own level and type of economic culture of people. 4. Economically cultural personality- This is a person who has modern economic knowledge, abilities, skills, and experience that help him to navigate well in existing socio-economic relations and avoid mistakes and wrong economic actions.

Dictionary

"Shadow economy- an economy carried out for the purpose of profit outside of the officially existing rules, norms and conditions of doing business.

Economic culture in the narrow sense of the word- a set of economic knowledge, skills, intelligence, methods and forms of communication between people in the process of their socio-economic actions and relationships.

Economically and culturally developed personality- a person with a system of knowledge, skills and abilities that allow him to successfully act in production economic sphere.

Economic consciousness- a person’s way of reflecting economic relations, a form of knowledge and meaningful use of the laws of economics.

A 1. What is economic culture?

2. What does it mean to be an economically cultural person?

3. What is the difference between a civilized and a “shadow” economy from the point of view

culture?

PRACTICUM

THINK

Test your economic knowledge. What is the name of:

The house where money lives and works.
An establishment where goods are purchased and sold in bulk.
A security, a document indicating that a share of the capital and part of the profit of the company belongs to you.
A legal means of exchange that can be exchanged for any goods.
Part of the total net profit of a joint stock company, distributed among shareholders in proportion to the number of shares they own.
The price at which the share is sold.
A sum of money lent by a bank to a client for a specific period.
The monetary expression of the value of a product, depending on the relationship between supply and demand.
The amount of money that the subject lent to the bank.

10. A product that is an object of sale and purchase (teacher G. Venis)?

LET'S LISTEN

The higher the culture, the higher the value of work.

V. Rosher

Time is money. B. Franklin

What matters is not the place we occupy, but the direction V which we are moving.

L. N. Tolstoy

Ponomarev L.N. and others. Economic culture (essence, direction of development). M., 1987.

Mishatkina T.V., Borozdina G.V. Culture of business communication: Textbook. allowance/Under general ed. T. V. Mishatkina. Mn., 1997.

The concept of economic culture

The economic culture of a society is the system of values and motives of economic activity, the quality and level of economic knowledge, actions and assessments of a person, as well as traditions and norms governing economic relations and behavior.

Economic culture dictates a special attitude towards forms of ownership and improves the business environment.

Economic culture is an inextricable unity of consciousness and practical activity, which is decisive in the development of human economic activity and manifests itself in the process of production, distribution and consumption.

Note 1

The most important elements in the structure of economic culture include knowledge and practical skills, norms that regulate the characteristics of human behavior in the economic field, and methods of its organization.

Consciousness is the basis of human economic culture. Economic knowledge represents a complex of human economic ideas about the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of material goods, about the forms and methods that contribute to the sustainable development of society and the influence of economic processes on its formation.

Economic knowledge is a primary component of economic culture. They allow us to develop our understanding of the basic laws of development of the economy of society, about economic relationships in the world around us, develop our economic thinking and practical skills, and allow us to develop economically competent, morally sound behavior.

Economic culture of the individual

An important place in the economic culture of an individual is occupied by economic thinking, which makes it possible to understand the essence of economic phenomena and processes, correctly use learned economic concepts, and analyze specific economic situations.

The choice of behavior patterns in the economy and the effectiveness of solving economic problems largely depend on the socio-psychological qualities of participants in economic activity. The orientation of the individual is characterized by socially significant values and social attitudes.

A person’s economic culture can be seen by considering the complex of his personal properties and qualities that represent the result of his participation in activities. The level of culture of a particular person in the field of economics can be assessed by the totality of all his economic qualities.

In reality, economic culture is always influenced by the lifestyle, traditions, and mentality that are characteristic of a given people. Therefore, you cannot take any other model of the functioning of the economy as a model, or even more so an ideal.

Note 2

For Russia, in all likelihood, the European model of socio-economic development is closest, which is more humane than the American or Japanese, which is based on the values of European spiritual culture and includes a broad system social protection population.

However, this model can only be used if it is necessary to take into account the trends and features of the development of national Russian culture, otherwise it is completely pointless to talk about economic culture and its role.

Functions of economic culture

Economic culture performs several important functions.

Adaptive function, which is the original one. It is this that allows a person to adapt to the socio-economic conditions of society, types and forms of economic behavior, to adapt the socio-economic environment, for example, produce the necessary economic goods, distribute them through sale, rental, exchange, etc.
A cognitive function that is coordinated with the adaptive function. The knowledge contained in economic culture, familiarity with its ideals, prohibitions, and legal norms enable a person to have a reliable guideline for choosing the content and forms of his economic behavior.
Normative and regulatory function. Economic culture dictates to individuals and social groups It has developed certain standards and rules that influence people’s lifestyles, their attitudes and value orientations.
Translational function, which creates the opportunity for dialogue between generations and eras, passing on the experience of economic activity from generation to generation.

The origin of the concept of “culture” (from Latin colo - to cultivate, cultivate the soil) is directly related to material production through agricultural labor. At the initial stages of the development of human society, this concept was identified with the main type of economic activity of that time - agriculture. However, the demarcation of the spiritual and material-productive spheres of human activity that soon followed created the illusion of their complete autonomy. The concept of “culture” gradually began to be identified only with the phenomena of the spiritual life of society, with the totality of spiritual values. This approach still finds its supporters today. However, along with this, the dominant point of view is that culture is not limited exclusively to the phenomena of the spiritual life of society. It is inherent in all types and forms of human activity, including economic activity.

Economic culture is the totality of material and spiritual socially developed means of activity with the help of which the material and production life of people is carried out.

The structure of economic culture is correlated with the structure of economic activity itself, with the sequence of the main phases of social production: production itself, exchange, distribution and consumption. Therefore, it is legitimate to talk about the culture of production, the culture of exchange, the culture of distribution and the culture of consumption. The structure-forming factor of economic culture is human labor activity. It is characteristic of the entire variety of forms, types of material and spiritual production. Each specific level of economic labor culture characterizes the relationship of a person to a person, a person to nature (it is the awareness of this relationship that is the moment of the emergence of economic culture), and an individual to his own working abilities.

Any work activity of a person is associated with the development of his creative abilities, but the degree of their development varies. Scientists distinguish three levels of these abilities.

The first level is productive-reproductive creativity, when in the labor process everything is only repeated, copied, and only as an exception, something new is accidentally created.

The second level is generative creative ability, the result of which will be, if not a completely new work, then at least an original variation.

The third level is constructive-innovative activity, the essence of which is the natural emergence of something new. This level of ability in production is manifested in the work of inventors and innovators.

The more creative the work, the richer the cultural activity of a person, the higher the level of work culture. The latter ultimately serves as the basis for achieving more high level economic culture.

Labor activity in any society is collective and is embodied in joint production. Therefore, along with work culture, it is necessary to consider production culture as an integral system.

Work culture includes skills in using tools, conscious management of the process of creating material and spiritual wealth, free use of one’s abilities, and use of scientific and technological achievements in work activities.

The production culture includes the following main elements:

1) culture of working conditions, representing a complex of components of an economic, scientific, technical, organizational, social and legal nature;

2) the culture of the labor process, which finds expression in the activities of an individual employee;

3) socio-psychological climate in the production team;

4) a management culture that organically combines the science and art of management, identifies and realizes the creative potential, initiative and entrepreneurship of each participant in the production process.

IN modern society There is a tendency to increase the cultural level of production. It finds its expression in the use of the latest technology and technological processes, advanced methods of labor organization, progressive forms of management and planning, and scientific achievements.

However, the objective nature of the progressive development of economic culture does not mean that it occurs automatically. The direction of this development is determined, on the one hand, by the opportunities contained in the totality of conditions that set the boundaries of economic culture, and on the other hand, by the degree and ways of realizing these opportunities by representatives of various social groups. Changes in sociocultural life are made by people, therefore these changes depend on the knowledge, will, and objectively established interests of people. Depending on these factors, recessions and stagnation in certain areas and economic culture as a whole are possible within the local historical framework.

Progress in the development of economic culture is determined primarily by the continuity of methods and forms of activity of generations, the assimilation of those that have proven their effectiveness, and the destruction of ineffective, outdated ones.

Ultimately, in the course of the development of economic culture, conditions are created that encourage a person to actively creative production activities and contribute to his formation as an active subject of economic processes.

| |

The concept of economic culture

Economic culture dictates a special attitude towards forms of ownership and improves the business environment.

Note 1

Economic culture of the individual

Note 2

Functions of economic culture

Economic culture performs several important functions.

Adaptive function, which is the original one. It is this that allows a person to adapt to the socio-economic conditions of society, types and forms of economic behavior, to adapt the socio-economic environment to his needs, for example, to produce the necessary economic goods, distribute them through sale, rental, exchange, etc. .
A cognitive function that is coordinated with the adaptive function. The knowledge contained in economic culture, familiarity with its ideals, prohibitions, and legal norms enable a person to have a reliable guideline for choosing the content and forms of his economic behavior.
Normative and regulatory function. Economic culture dictates to individuals and social groups certain standards and rules it has developed that influence people’s lifestyles, their attitudes and value orientations.
Translational function, which creates the opportunity for dialogue between generations and eras, passing on the experience of economic activity from generation to generation.

Economic culture of society – this is a system of values and motives for economic activity, the level and quality of economic knowledge, assessments and human actions, as well as the content of traditions and norms governing economic relations and behavior.

Economic culture presupposes:

– respectful attitude towards any form of ownership and commercial success;

– rejection of egalitarian sentiments;

– creation and development social environment for entrepreneurship, etc.

Economic culture of the individual- this is the organic unity of consciousness and practical activity that determines creative direction human economic activity in the process of production, distribution and consumption.

In the structure of economic culture, the most important elements can be identified: knowledge and practical skills, economic orientation, methods of organizing activities, norms governing relationships and human behavior in it.

The basis of the economic culture of the individual is consciousness.

Economic knowledge – a set of economic ideas about the production, exchange, distribution and consumption of material goods, the influence economic life on the development of society, about ways and forms, methods that contribute to the sustainable development of society. They are an important component of economic culture. Economic knowledge forms an idea of economic relationships in the surrounding world, the patterns of development of the economic life of society. On their basis, economic thinking and practical skills of economically literate, morally sound behavior, significant in modern conditions economic qualities of the individual.

An important component of the economic culture of an individual is economic thinking . It allows you to understand the essence of economic phenomena and processes, operate with learned economic concepts, analyze specific economic situations.

The choice of standards of behavior in the economy and the effectiveness of solving economic problems largely depend on the socio-psychological qualities of participants in economic activity. Among them, an important element of economic culture is economic orientation personality, the components of which are needs, interests and motives human activity in the economic sphere. Personality orientation includes social attitude And socially significant values .

The economic culture of a person can be traced through the totality of his personal properties and qualities, which are a certain result of his participation in activities.

Based on the totality of economic qualities, one can assess the level of a person’s economic culture.

Sample assignment B1. Write down the word missing in the diagram.

Answer: Knowledge.