Literature test Tosca (A.P. Chekhov) for 9th grade students. The test consists of two options, each option contains 5 short-answer tasks and 3 general tasks with a detailed answer.
To whom shall I convey my sorrow?..
Evening twilight. Large wet snow lazily swirls around the newly lit lamps and falls in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, and hats. The cab driver Iona Potapov is as white as a ghost. He is bent over, as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, sits on the box and does not move. If a whole snowdrift had fallen on him, even then, it seems, he would not have found it necessary to shake off the snow... His little horse is also white and motionless. With its immobility, angular shape and stick-like straightness of its legs, even up close it looks like a penny gingerbread horse. She is, in all likelihood, lost in thought. Anyone who has been torn from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool, full of monstrous lights, restless crackling and running people, cannot help but think...
Jonah and his little horse have not moved for a long time. They left the yard before lunch, but still there was no move. But then the evening darkness descends on the city. The pallor of the street lamps gives way to vibrant colors, and the bustle of the streets becomes noisier.
- Cab driver, to Vyborgskaya! - Jonah hears. - Cab driver!
Jonah shudders and through his eyelashes, covered with snow, sees a military man in an overcoat with a hood.
- To Vyborgskaya! - the military man repeats. - Are you sleeping, or what? To Vyborgskaya!
As a sign of agreement, Jonah pulls the reins, causing layers of snow to fall from the horse’s back and from his shoulders... The military man sits down in the sleigh. The driver smacks his lips, stretches his neck like a swan, sits up and, more out of habit than necessity, waves his whip. The little horse also cranes its neck, bends its stick-like legs and hesitantly moves from its place...
- Where are you going, devil! - at first Jonah hears exclamations from the dark mass moving back and forth. -Where the hell are they going? Keep it right!
- You don’t know how to drive! Keep your rights! — the military man gets angry.
The coachman from the carriage scolds, a passer-by, who was crossing the road and bumped into the horse’s face with his shoulder, looks angrily and shakes snow off his sleeve. Jonah fidgets on the box as if on pins and needles, pokes his elbows to the sides and moves his eyes like a madman, as if he doesn’t understand where he is and why he’s here.
- What scoundrels they all are! - the military man jokes. “They try to bump into you or get run over by a horse.” It was they who conspired.
Jonah looks back at the rider and moves his lips... He apparently wants to say something, but nothing comes out of his throat except a wheeze.
- What? - asks the military man.
Jonah twists his mouth into a smile, tenses his throat and wheezes:
- And my master, my son died this week.
- Hm!.. Why did he die?
Jonah turns his whole body towards the rider and says:
- Who knows! It must have been from a fever... I spent three days in the hospital and died... God's will.
- Turn off, devil! - is heard in the darkness. - Did an old dog crawl out? Look with your eyes!
“Go, go...” says the rider. “We won’t even get there until tomorrow.” Adjust it!
The driver again cranes his neck, rises and swings his whip with heavy grace. Several times then he looks back at the rider, but he has closed his eyes and, apparently, is not in the mood to listen. Having dropped him off on Vyborgskaya, he stops at the tavern, bends over on the box and again does not move... The wet snow again paints him and his little horse white. An hour passes, then another...
1 option
Short answer questions
1. What is the name of the saying that precedes a work and expresses its main idea?
2. What is the description of nature in a literary work called?
Evening twilight. Large wet snow lazily swirls around the newly lit lamps and falls in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses’ backs, shoulders, hats...
3.
The cab driver Iona Potapov is as white as a ghost.
4.
The wet snow again paints him and his little horse white.
5. What is the name of the visual medium?
Who was torn from the plow, from usual gray paintings and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous lights, restless cod and running people, you can’t help but think...
Long answer questions
7.
8.
Option 2
Short answer questions
1. Name the type of literature to which the work belongs.
2. What is the description of the appearance of the hero of a literary work called?
The cab driver Iona Potapov is as white as a ghost. He is bent over, as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, sits on the box and does not move.
3. Please enter a name visual medium:
Large wet the snow lazily swirls around the newly lit lanterns and thin soft lies in a layer on roofs, horse backs, shoulders, hats.
4. What is the name of the means of allegorical expression?
She (the horse), in all likelihood, is immersed in thought. Anyone who has been torn from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool, full of monstrous lights, restless crackling and running people, cannot help but think...
5. Indicate the name of the visual medium:
Jonah fidgets on the box, like on pins and needles, pokes to the sides with his elbows and moves his eyes, like crazy, as if he doesn’t understand, where is he and why is he here.
Long answer questions
7. How does Jonah appear in this episode?
8. Compare fragments from the works of A.P. Chekhov's "Tosca" and I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". How are the characters’ experiences and their emotional states similar?
Fragment of the work by I.S. Turgenev "Mumu"
He grabbed her hand, rushed across the entire courtyard and, entering with her into the room where the council was meeting, pushed her straight to Capito. Tatyana just froze... Gerasim stood, looked at her, waved his hand, grinned and walked, stepping heavily, into his closet... He didn’t come out of there for a whole day. Postilion Antipka later said that through a crack he saw Gerasim, sitting on the bed, putting his hand to his cheek, singing quietly, measuredly and only occasionally mooing, that is, swaying, closing his eyes and shaking his head, like coachmen or barge haulers when they draw out their mournful songs. Antipka felt terrified, and he moved away from the crack. When Gerasim came out of the closet the next day, no particular change could be noticed in him. He only seemed to become more gloomy, but did not pay the slightest attention to Tatyana and Kapiton. That same evening, both of them, with geese under their arms, went to the lady and got married a week later. On the very day of the wedding, Gerasim did not change his behavior in any way; Only he arrived from the river without water: he once broke a barrel on the road; and at night in the stable he cleaned and rubbed his horse so diligently that it staggered like a blade of grass in the wind and swayed from foot to foot under his iron fists.
All this happened in the spring. Another year passed, during which Kapiton finally became an alcoholic and, as a man absolutely worthless, was sent with a convoy to a distant village, together with his wife... When everything was ready and the men already held the reins in their hands and were only waiting for the words: “With God!” Gerasim came out of his closet, approached Tatyana and gave her a red paper handkerchief, which he had bought for her a year ago, as a souvenir. Tatyana, who until that moment had endured all the vicissitudes of her life with great indifference, here, however, could not stand it, burst into tears and, getting into the cart, kissed Gerasim three times in a Christian manner. He wanted to accompany her to the outpost and first walked next to her cart, but suddenly stopped at the Crimean Ford, waved his hand and set off along the river.
It was late in the evening. He walked quietly and looked at the water. Suddenly it seemed to him that something was floundering in the mud near the shore. He bent down and saw a small puppy, white with black spots, who, despite all his efforts, could not get out of the water; he struggled, slid and trembled with his entire wet and thin body. Gerasim looked at the unfortunate little dog, picked it up with one hand, put it in his bosom and took long steps home.
Answers to the literature test Tosca (A.P. Chekhov)
1 option
1. epigraph
2. landscape
3. comparison
4. metaphor (personification)
5. epithet
Option 2
1. epic
2. portrait
3. epithet
4. personification
5. comparison
Lesson on (TRKM). One of the important problems schooling is children's reluctance to read fiction. On the one hand, a variety of multimedia information sources, a huge selection entertainment programs relegates reading to the background. On the other hand, reading is of no interest to most people. Therefore, literature and Russian language lessons, where they study works of art, cause difficulties for schoolchildren and teachers.
Using technology in reception lessons critical thinking reading with stops makes the study of a literary text not only an exciting activity, but also develops in students the ability to think critically, draw conclusions, and make predictions further development events.
An example of using this technique in a literature lesson is the proposed lesson.
The text of the story “Tosca” is not read to children in advance; we divide it into five parts, cut it up and invite them to read it “in parts,” each time reinforcing their reflection by making entries in the “Tree of Predictions” and predicting the further content of the story. The story is extremely valuable in that it allows one to raise important moral issues and, in a small volume (hence, with minimal time investment), serves as excellent material for studying the craft of writing.
Techniques used: appeal to personal experience, basket of ideas, “Tree of Predictions,” reading with stops, essay.
Lesson type – lesson in mastering skills and abilities.
Lesson form– lesson-workshop – allows students to relax, enter the creative laboratory of a writer or poet, concentrate on pressing problems of the time that have not lost their relevance even now, master “in the process of reflective activity the topic being studied as their own,” create their own, albeit small, work, be positively evaluated upon completion of the work.
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Lesson summary
Subject: The tragedy of a person's loneliness in the world of other people.
Lesson - workshop based on the story of A.P. Chekhov's "Tosca".
(extracurricular reading lesson)
7th grade Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 132
I. Methodological commentary
Lesson on technologies for developing critical thinking(TRKM). One of the important problems of school education is the reluctance of children to read fiction. On the one hand, the variety of multimedia information sources and a huge selection of entertainment programs push reading into the background. On the other hand, reading is of no interest to most people. Therefore, literature and Russian language lessons, where works of art are studied, cause difficulties for schoolchildren and teachers.
The use of critical thinking technology in lessons, reading with stops, makes the study of a literary text not only an exciting activity, but also develops in students the ability to think critically, draw conclusions, and predict further developments of events.
An example of using this technique in a literature lesson is the proposed lesson.
The text of the story “Tosca” is not read to children in advance; we divide it into five parts, cut it up and invite them to read it “in parts,” each time reinforcing their reflection by making entries in the “Tree of Predictions” and predicting the further content of the story. The story is extremely valuable in that it allows one to raise important moral issues and, in a small volume (hence, with minimal time investment), serves as excellent material for studying the craft of writing.
Techniques used: appeal to personal experience, basket of ideas, “Tree of Predictions,” reading with stops, essay.
Lesson type – lesson in mastering skills and abilities.
Lesson form – lesson-workshop – allows students to relax, enter the creative laboratory of a writer or poet, concentrate on pressing problems of the time that have not lost their relevance even now, master “in the process of reflective activity the topic being studied as their own,” create their own, albeit small, work, be positively evaluated upon completion of the work.
II. Goals and objectives of the lesson
Educational:
- get students interested in learning new topic, help you think about the questions of existence;
- make the reading process more efficient, intensify the process of interactively obtaining information and collective reasoning about it for the purpose of critical understanding.
Educational:
- the ability to ask questions and independently formulate a hypothesis;
- problem solving skills;
- the ability to develop one’s own opinion based on understanding various experiences, ideas and perceptions;
- the ability to express one’s thoughts (orally and in writing) clearly, confidently and correctly in relation to others;
- the ability to argue one’s point of view and take into account the points of view of others;
- while reading with stops, encourage them to discuss the problems raised by the author.
Educational:
- foster social responsibility;
- to educate an aesthetically prepared reader;
- formation of the content of the concepts “little people”, “insignificant people”, “human loneliness”
III. Equipment:
1. Text of A. P. Chekhov’s story “Tosca”, divided into five parts, each of which is given to students as they read;
2. The topic of the lesson is written on the board - A.P.’s story. Chekhov's "Tosca" problematic issue: “In what situation (when) other people can’t hear me?”, “Prediction tree” for making a forecast during the reading process.
3.Computer, projector, presentation
Lesson plan:
1. Introduction to the lesson. An associative series is built for the word melancholy, working with explanatory dictionaries.
2. The story “Tosca.” Challenge Stage: We turn to personal experience that will help prepare students for a personal perception of the work. "Basket of Ideas"
3. Reading the text in small passages with a discussion of the content of each and a forecast for the development of the plot. The obligatory question is: “What will happen next and why?”
4. Reflection. At this stage the text againconsidered as a whole.
5. Behavior of results.The lesson ends with writing an essay on the topicThe lesson ends with reading and explanation of the written answer options.
7. Assessment of work in the lesson.
During the classes
- Introduction to the lesson.
First, simply the word “melancholy” should appear on the board and in notebooks, without telling the name of the author or the title of the lesson, in order to achieve “pure” reflection.
Melancholy...Write down an associative series for this word.When reading associative series, you can add those words that you consider “yours”, but which did not immediately come to mind.
Students love this start to the lesson. Associative series easy to line up. A number of the most frequently occurring words are written on the board.
What do dictionaries tell us?(students look for the meaning of the word)
YEARNING (to oppress) oppression of the spirit, languor of the soul, painful sadness; mental anxiety, anxiety, fear, boredom, grief, sadness, heartache, grief. ( V. Dahl's dictionary)
TOSKA, -i, f. 1. Mental anxiety, despondency. 2. Boredom, as well as (colloquial) something. very boring, uninteresting. (S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. Dictionary Russian language)
This is the title of a story by A.P. Chekhov. Why does it seem unusual for this writer?As the title suggests, this is not a humorous story.What is the peculiarity of Chekhov’s serious story, we will reflect on this today.
Write on the board and in your notebook:
The tragedy of a person's loneliness in the world of other people. Lesson - workshop based on the story of A.P. Chekhov's "Tosca".
Communicate the purpose and objectives of the lesson.
Goals and objectives of the lesson:show the tragedy of a person’s loneliness in the world of other people in the story of A.P. Chekhov’s “Tosca”, explore the author’s writing skills, create conditions for the development of the reader’s taste, the ability to seetext and comprehend it.
Teacher's word. When reading, watching a movie, following the development of certain events, we sometimes say: “I didn’t expect this!” Man is designed in such a way that he always strives to look ahead, to predict what will happen next - in a word, to predict. There is such a thing as a reader's forecast.
- Which books do you like to read more: those in which you can easily guess what will happen to the characters, or those in which the plot has completely unexpected turns? Why?
We will read the story in parts, “with stops,” and see what kind of writers A. Chekhov belongs to - those whose thoughts are easy to predict, or those who know how to interest, and even stun, the reader with unexpected plot twists.
2. Challenge.
At the challenge stage, we turn to personal experience, which will help prepare students for a personal perception of the work.
A sentence is written on the board:“In what situation (when) other people can’t hear me?”To answer the question, the “basket of ideas” technique is used.
Students' expected answers are written on the board:
not interested,
think about their own
your point of view is not taken into account
deliberately ignored
do not want.
Discussing the answers received, students come to the conclusion: “People are deaf!”
3. Understanding - reading the text in small passages with a discussion of the content of each and a forecast of plot development. The obligatory question is: “What will happen next and why?”
Let's see how A.P. solves this problem, the problem of human deafness. Chekhov in the story “Tosca”
(The story is not read in advance).
YEARNING
To whom shall I convey my sorrow?..
Evening twilight. Large wet snow lazily swirls around the newly lit lamps and falls in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, and hats. The cab driver Iona Potapov is as white as a ghost. He is bent over, as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, sits on the box and does not move. If a whole snowdrift had fallen on him, even then, it seems, he would not have found it necessary to shake off the snow... His little horse is also white and motionless. With its immobility, angular shape and stick-like straightness of its legs, even up close it looks like a penny gingerbread horse. She is, in all likelihood, lost in thought. Anyone who has been torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool, full of monstrous lights, restless crackling and running people, cannot help but think...
First stop
Possible question:
What does the story begin with? (From a description of nature. Wet snow falls lazily on everything around and on Jonah.)
Where do the events take place?(City landscape. (Quote) This is a landscape - moods. Why is it given by the author? (Against its background, the hero’s emotional experiences are revealed)
Who is the hero of the work? Why do we see Jonah Potapov in this state?(Grief, melancholy).
Why is Jonah in this state? Your forecast.
Jonah and his little horse have not moved for a long time. They left the yard before lunch, but still there was no move. But then the evening darkness descends on the city. The pallor of the street lamps gives way to vibrant colors, and the bustle of the streets becomes noisier.
Cab driver, to Vyborgskaya! - Jonah hears. - Cab driver!
Jonah shudders and through his eyelashes, covered with snow, sees a military man in an overcoat with a hood.
To Vyborgskaya! - the military man repeats. “Are you sleeping, or what?” To Vyborgskaya!
As a sign of agreement, Jonah pulls the reins, causing layers of snow to fall from the horse’s back and from his shoulders... The military man sits down in the sleigh. The driver smacks his lips, stretches his neck like a swan, sits up and, more out of habit than necessity, waves his whip. The little horse also cranes its neck, bends its stick-like legs and hesitantly moves from its place...
Where are you going, devil! - at first Jonah hears exclamations from the dark mass moving back and forth. “Where are the devils going?” Keep it right!
You don't know how to drive! Keep your rights! - the military man is angry.
The coachman from the carriage scolds, a passer-by, who was crossing the road and bumped into the horse’s face with his shoulder, looks angrily and shakes the snow off his sleeve. Jonah fidgets on the box as if on pins and needles, pokes his elbows to the sides and moves his eyes like a madman, as if he doesn’t understand where he is and why he’s here.
What scoundrels they all are! - the military man jokes. “They try to bump into you or get run over by a horse.” It was they who conspired.
Jonah looks back at the rider and moves his lips... He apparently wants to say something, but nothing comes out of his throat except a wheeze.
What? - asks the military man.
Jonah twists his mouth into a smile, tenses his throat and wheezes:
And my master, my son died this week.
Hm!.. Why did he die?
Jonah turns his whole body towards the rider and says:
And who knows! It must have been from a fever... He spent three days in the hospital and died... God's will.
Turn around, devil! - is heard in the darkness. - Did an old dog crawl out? Look with your eyes!
Go, go... - says the rider. - We won’t even get there until tomorrow. Adjust it!
The driver again cranes his neck, rises and swings his whip with heavy grace. Several times then he looks back at the rider, but he has closed his eyes and, apparently, is not in the mood to listen. Having dropped him off on Vyborgskaya, he stops at the tavern, bends over on the box and again does not move... The wet snow again paints him and his little horse white. An hour passes, then another...
Second stop
Possible questions:
Do we see a portrait of a hero in the story? (No, the internal state is described - this is important).
What is the cause of grief and melancholy?(Son died)
How does the soldier react (does he hear) to Jonah’s story about the death of his son?(The master says the usual phrase. He no longer listens to Jonah.) Why?
Who do you thinkdid Iona Potapov tell his story?
on the board “Tree of Predictions” :
Three young men walk along the sidewalk, loudly knocking their galoshes and arguing: two of them are tall and thin, the third is small and hunchbacked.
Cab driver, to the Police Bridge! - the hunchback shouts in a rattling voice. - Three... two kopecks!
Jonah tugs the reins and smacks his lips. The two-kopeck price is not the same, but he doesn’t care about the price... Whether it’s a ruble or a nickel, it doesn’t matter to him now, if only there were riders... The young people, jostling and cursing, approach the sleigh and all three immediately climb onto the seat. The solution to the question begins: which two should sit, and which third should stand? After a long squabble, capriciousness and reproaches, they come to the decision that the humpback should stand like the smallest.
Well, let's go! - the humpback rattles, standing up and breathing into the back of Jonah's head. - Loopy! And you have a hat, brother! You can't find anything worse in all of St. Petersburg...
Gee... gee... - Jonah laughs. - Which is...
Well, you are what you are, drive! So are you going to drive all the way? Yes? And on the neck?..
My head is pounding... - says one of the long ones. - Yesterday at the Dukmasovs’, Vaska and I drank four bottles of cognac.
I don’t understand why you lie! - the other long one gets angry. - He lies like a beast.
God punish me, really...
This is as true as the fact that a louse coughs.
Gee! - Jonah grins. - Merry gentlemen!
Damn you!.. - the hunchback is indignant. - Are you going, old cholera, or not? Is that how they drive? Beat her with a whip! But damn! But! Nice of her!
Jonah feels the spinning body and vocal tremor of a humpback whale behind him. He hears swearing directed at him, sees people, and the feeling of loneliness begins to gradually fade from his chest. The hunchback scolds until he chokes on an elaborate, six-story curse and bursts into coughing. The long ones begin to talk about some Nadezhda Petrovna. Jonah looks back at them. After waiting for a short pause, he looks around again and mutters:
And this week... my son died!
We’ll all die... - the hunchback sighs, wiping his lips after coughing. - Well, drive, drive! Gentlemen, I absolutely cannot go on like this! When will he get us there?
And you lightly cheer him up... in the neck!
Old cholera, do you hear? After all, I’m crippling my neck!.. To stand on ceremony with your brother, to walk on foot!.. Do you hear, Zmey Gorynych? Or do you not care about our words?
And Jonah hears more than he feels the sounds of a slap on the head.
Gee... - he laughs. - Merry gentlemen... God bless you!
Cab driver, are you married? - asks the long one.
Me? Hey... merry gentlemen! Now I have only one wife - damp earth... He-ho-ho... A grave, that is!.. My son died, but I’m alive... It’s a wonderful thing, death is the door... Instead, to come to me, she to her son...
And Jonah turns around to tell how his son died, but then the hunchback sighs lightly and declares that, thank God, they have finally arrived. Having received two kopecks, Jonah looks for a long time after the revelers disappearing into the dark entrance. Again he is lonely, and again silence sets in for him... The melancholy that has subsided for a short time appears again and expands his chest with even greater force. Jonah's eyes anxiously and martyrically run through the crowds scurrying on both sides of the street: is there not one of these thousands of people who would listen to him? But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or the melancholy... The melancholy is enormous, knowing no boundaries. If Jonah’s chest had burst and melancholy poured out of it, it would seem to have filled the whole world, but, nevertheless, it is not visible. She managed to fit into such an insignificant shell that you cannot see her during the day...
Third stop
Possible questions:
Who are the next passengers?(Three young people).
- What does he want now, what is missing?(Attention and empathy. Loneliness is like sticky snow, it is impossible to get rid of it.)
What detail confirms our observations?(“Three... two kopecks! Jonah twitches the reins and smacks his lips. Two kopecks is not the same price, but he doesn’t care about the price... Whether it’s a ruble or a nickel, it doesn’t matter to him now, if only there were riders...")
What do the young people say when the cab driver starts talking about his son?(“We’ll all die”). Why do they say that?(Youth, indifference)
Did Jonah feel better after talking with the young people?(“The melancholy that had subsided for a short while appears again...”).
Jonah sees the janitor with a bag and decides to talk to him.
Darling, what time will it be now? - he asks.
Tenth... What happened here? Drive on!
Jonah moves away a few steps, bends over and gives in to melancholy... He considers it no longer useful to contact people. But not even five minutes have passed before he straightens up, shakes his head as if he felt a sharp pain, and tugs on the reins... He can’t bear it.
“To the yard,” he thinks. “To the yard!”
And the little horse, as if understanding his thought, begins to trot. An hour and a half later, Jonah is already sitting near a large dirty stove. People are snoring on the stove, on the floor, on the benches. There is a “spiral” and stuffiness in the air... Jonah looks at the sleeping people, scratches himself and regrets that he returned home so early...
“And I didn’t go to the oats,” he thinks. “That’s why I’m sad.” A man who knows his business... who is well-fed, and his horse is well-fed, is always at peace...”
In one of the corners a young cab driver rises, quacks sleepily and reaches for a bucket of water.
Do you want to drink? - asks Jonah.
So, drink!
So... To your health... And my brother, my son died... Did you hear? This week in the hospital... History!
Jonah looks at the effect his words had, but sees nothing. The young man has covered his head and is already asleep. The old man sighs and itches... Just as the young man wanted to drink, so he wants to talk. Soon it will be a week since my son died, and he hasn’t spoken to anyone yet... We need to talk sensibly, with clarity... We need to tell how our son got sick, how he suffered, what he said before his death, how he died... You need to describe the funeral and the trip to the hospital to buy the deceased’s clothes. His daughter Anisya remains in the village... And we need to talk about her... But who knows what he can talk about now? The listener should groan, sigh, lament... And talking to women is even better. Even though they are fools, they roar at just two words.
Fourth stop.
Possible questions:
Who else is Jonah addressing?(To the janitor, young cab driver).
Why don't they listen to him?(No time, half asleep).
Why A.P. Chekhov “forces” the young cab driver to drink water?(The thirst is as strong as the desire to tell).
Question-forecast: - Who do you think Iona Potapov told his story to?We turn to the “Tree of Predictions”(Horses) Why?
Find in paragraph 1 of the text a detail that indicates that only a horse can “listen” to Jonah, “understand” him.(It is said about the horse: “It is, in all likelihood, absorbed in thought. Anyone who has been torn from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here, into this pool, full of monstrous lights, restless crackling and running people, cannot help but think...” Here the horse becomes a kind of alter ego of Jonah: both of them are torn away from home, from the village world, familiar environment.)It would seem that the situation of revelation with a horse can cause a smile, but the author managed to concentrate the reader’s attention on the loneliness and suffering of the hero.
After the discussion, the text is read to the end. (As an option, I suggest watching an excerpt from the film “Carousel”)
“Go and look at the horse,” thinks Jonah. “You’ll always have time to sleep... You’ll probably get some sleep...”
He gets dressed and goes to the stable where his horse is. He thinks about oats, hay, the weather... He can’t think about his son when he’s alone... You can talk to someone about him, but it’s unbearably creepy to think about him and draw his image for yourself...
Are you chewing? - Jonah asks his horse, seeing her sparkling eyes. “Well, chew, chew... If we didn’t go out to harvest oats, we’ll eat hay... Yes... I’m too old to ride... My son should ride, not to me... That was a real cab driver... If only I could live...
Jonah is silent for a while and continues:
So, brother little filly... Kuzma Ionych is gone... He ordered him to live long... He took it and died in vain... Now, let’s say, you have a foal, and you are this foal’s own mother... And suddenly, let’s say, This same foal ordered to live long... It’s a pity, isn’t it?
The little horse chews, listens and breathes into the hands of its owner...
Jonah gets carried away and tells her everything...
1886
How does the ending of the story make you feel?
4. Reflection.
At this stage the text againconsidered as a whole. At the stage of reflection, we first turn to the epigraph “To whom shall we convey my sorrow?..”
Question:
We have a rhetorical question before us. How do you understand the meaning of the epigraph?(People don't want to hear me, they are deaf, so I can turn to God, who cannot refuse me).
Teacher's word: The epigraph preceding the story introduces the reader to an atmosphere of global melancholy and cosmic loneliness. This is the first line of a spiritual verse that conveys the lament of the biblical Joseph, son of Jacob, who was sold into slavery by his brothers:
To whom shall I convey my sorrow,
Whom shall I call to weep?
Just for you, my lord,
My sadness is known.
The driver's name also evokes biblical associations: Jonah is the most ancient of the prophets whose writings were included in the Bible. Before us is not just history little man with his sorrows and pain, but the story of a Man, alone in the world of other people.
Then we turn to the students’ answers recorded on the board at the beginning of the lesson, when the “basket of ideas” technique was used, and select the most accurate one from the list.(Do not want).
This is where Chekhov's story ends. Was it interesting to read it? What surprised you while reading the story?
The story is very short, but can we say that it is difficult to read? Why?
Did “reading with stops” help you better understand the story - and if it helped, then in what way? Was such a technique as a reader's forecast useful (and how)?
Is Chekhov's view of man optimistic or pessimistic?
How did the story make you feel? What would you do if you were Jonah's passengers?
What advice would we give to ourselves and other people who are passing through human grief?
5. Behavior of results.
Writing an essay (to the music of Brahms) on a topic“Can the story be considered important for our time?”The purpose of the essay is reflection in written form, reflecting the student’s opinion, his point of view, consistent with his experience - a reflective assessment of what has been learned. The lesson ends with reading and explanation of the written answer options.
Notebook entry:
In the story “Tosca,” the writer highlights the problems of human loneliness in society, mutual misunderstanding of people, and their alienation.To return normality human relations and integrity of being, the most important thing is to be compassionate, respect your neighbors.
And this is one of the secrets of Chekhov's art. You will meet him again.
Chekhov's works are devoid of teaching. Chekhov did not intend to teach or impose his opinion. Chekhov's contemporary critics sometimes accused him of objectivism. They say he doesn’t blame, doesn’t scold, doesn’t feel sorry... But don’t we feel sorry for Jonah and other heroes? Chekhov presents their images in his stories in such a way that the reader’s heart swells. In his works there is trust in the reader, conversation as equals, reliance on responsiveness, impressionability, vital observation, empathy.
Chekhov's stories have an open ending. The writer hopes that the reader will have a “second sight” and will see between the lines. Homework is related to this.
6. Explanation of homework.
Write a continuation of the story on the topic “Jonah’s conversation with the horse.”
7. Assessment of work in the lesson.
- assessment by teachers and students of individual student work;
- assessing the perceptions, activities and performance of the class as a whole.
Drozdova Irina Valentinovna, teacher of Russian language and literature, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 132. Samara
To whom shall I convey my sorrow?..
Evening twilight. Large wet snow lazily swirls around the newly lit lamps and falls in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, and hats.
The cab driver Iona Potapov is as white as a ghost. He is bent over, as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, sits on the box and does not move. If a whole snowdrift had fallen on him, even then, it seems, he would not have found it necessary to shake off the snow... His little horse is also white and motionless. With its immobility, angular shape and stick-like straightness of its legs, even up close it looks like a penny gingerbread horse.
She is, in all likelihood, lost in thought. Anyone who has been torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous lights, restless noise and running people, cannot help but think...
Jonah and his little horse have not moved for a long time. They left the yard before lunch, but still there was no move. But then the evening darkness descends on the city. The pallor of the street lamps gives way to vibrant colors, and the bustle of the streets becomes noisier.
- Cab driver, to Vyborgskaya! - Jonah hears. - Cab driver!
Jonah shudders and through his eyelashes, covered with snow, sees a military man in an overcoat with a hood.
- To Vyborgskaya! - the military man repeats. - Are you sleeping, or what? To Vyborgskaya!
As a sign of agreement, Jonah pulls the reins, causing layers of snow to fall from the horse’s back and from his shoulders... The military man sits down in the sleigh. The driver smacks his lips, stretches his neck like a swan, sits up and, more out of habit than necessity, waves his whip.
The little horse also cranes its neck, bends its stick-like legs and moves hesitantly...
- Where are you going, devil! - at first Jonah hears exclamations from the dark mass moving back and forth. -Where the hell are they going? Keep it right!
- You don’t know how to drive! Keep your rights! - the military man is angry.
The coachman from the carriage scolds, a passer-by, who was crossing the road and bumped into the horse’s face with his shoulder, looks angrily and shakes snow off his sleeve. Jonah fidgets on the box as if on pins and needles, pokes his elbows to the sides and moves his eyes like a madman, as if he doesn’t understand where he is and why he’s here.
- What scoundrels they all are! - the military man jokes. - They try to bump into you or get run over by a horse. It was they who conspired.
Jonah looks back at the rider and moves his lips... He apparently wants to say something, but nothing comes out of his throat except a wheeze.
- What? - asks the military man.
Jonah twists his mouth into a smile, tenses his throat and wheezes:
- And my master, my son died this week.
- Hm!.. Why did he die?
Jonah turns his whole body towards the rider and says:
- Who knows! It must have been from a fever... He spent three days in the hospital and died... God's will.
- Turn off, devil! - is heard in the darkness. - Did an old dog crawl out?
Look with your eyes!
- Go, go... - says the rider. - We won’t even get there until tomorrow.
Adjust it!
The driver again cranes his neck, rises and swings his whip with heavy grace.
Several times then he looks back at the rider, but he has closed his eyes and, apparently, is not in the mood to listen. Having dropped him off on Vyborgskaya, he stops at the tavern, bends over on the box and again does not move... The wet snow again paints him and his little horse white. An hour passes, then another...
Short answer questions
1 option
1. What is the name of the saying that precedes a work and expresses its main idea?
2. What is the description of nature in a literary work called?
Evening twilight. Large wet snow lazily swirls around the newly lit lamps and falls in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, hats...
3. Indicate the name of the visual device: The cab driver Iona Potapov is all white, like a ghost.
The wet snow again paints him and his little horse white.
5. What is the name of the visual medium?
Anyone who has been torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous lights, restless noise and running people, cannot help but think...
Option 2
1. Name the type of literature to which the work belongs.
2. What is the description of the appearance of the hero of a literary work called?
The cab driver Iona Potapov is as white as a ghost. He is bent over, as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, sits on the box and does not move.
3. Indicate the name of the visual medium: Large wet snow lazily swirls around the newly lit lamps and falls in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, and hats.
4. What is the name of the means of allegorical expressiveness?
She (the horse), in all likelihood, is immersed in thought. Anyone who has been torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous lights, restless noise and running people, cannot help but think...
5. Indicate the name of the visual medium:
Jonah fidgets on the box as if on pins and needles, pokes his elbows to the sides and moves his eyes like a madman, as if he doesn’t understand where he is and why he’s here.
ANSWERS
1 option
1. epigraph
2. landscape
3. comparison
4. metaphor // personification
5. epithet
Option 2
1. epic
2. portrait
3. epithet
4. personification
5. comparison
Regional state government educational institution
"Boarding school for students
With disabilities health No. 26"
MO of teachers of the humanities
Literature test
"Stories by A.P. Chekhov"
for 7th grade
Literature teacher
Tulupova Larisa Sergeevna
Ulyanovsk, 2017
annotation
This methodological work represents materials for conducting a test based on the stories of A.P. Chekhov “Chameleon”, “Intruder”, “Melancholy”, “Slut” and can be used to test the level of assimilation of the content of these stories.
Instructions
To complete the test you are given 20-25 min. The specified time and its variability are due to the fact that this testing is carried out at a school for students with disabilities. severe violations speech, which increases the time required for students to read and comprehend the formulated question. IN secondary school the time to complete this test may be reduced up to 15 min.
From the proposed answer options for each question, students must choose one correct one. The answer must be entered into the “Answers” form attached to the test, which students fill out, entering their full name, class and answers. No notes are made on the test form!
For each correct answer, the student receives 1 point. The points are summed up and taken into account when assigning a grade in accordance with test evaluation criteria(attached).
Upon completion of the test, it is analyzed and the correct answers are commented on.
Before the test, students are given explanations on the technique of performing it, and are also given some adviсe:
Don't stay too long on one task. If you are in doubt about the answer, you should move on to the next question, and at the end of the work, return to the missed tasks.
For each question you give only one answer.
The letter designation of the correct answer, in your opinion, must be entered in the “Answers” form. This form must be filled out: indicate your full name. (in gender) and class.
20-25 minutes are allotted to complete the task. Good job!
Key for checking the test (answers):
Test evaluation criteria:
"5" - 14 - 15 points,
"4" - 10 - 13 points
"3" - 6 - 9 points
"2" - 1 - 5 points
"1"- 0 points
Form with test
1. In what city was A.P. Chekhov born?
a) in Taganrog; b) in Tambov; c) Thule.
2.What university department did he study at?
a) legal; b) philosophical; c) medical.
3. Main character"Chameleon":
a) Ochumelov; b) Oats; c) Denis Grigoriev.
4. Ochumelov’s attitude towards Khryukin changes due to the fact that he:
a) figured out what happened; b) felt sorry for the goldsmith; c) found out whose dog it is.
5. Who in A.P. Chekhov’s story can be called “ha-meleon”?
a) Ochumelov; b) Khryukin; c) Eldyrina; d) cooks; d) a crowd of onlookers.
6. The meaning of the title of the story “Chameleon” is due to the fact that:
a) Ochumelov alternately takes off and then puts on his overcoat;
b) the warden changes his preferences and beliefs, like a chameleon changes its color.
7. Portrait of the hero from “The Intruder”: “...A small, extremely skinny little man in a motley shirt and patched ports. His hairy and rowan-eaten face and eyes<...>have an expression of gloomy severity. On his head there is a whole cap of long unkempt, tangled hair...” - testifies to his:
a) poverty; b) laziness; c) efficiency.
8. What crime was Denis Grigoriev accused of?
a) intentionally caused damage to the railway;
b) theft on the railway;
c) insult to personality.
9. What did peasants use nuts for??
a) strengthened the furniture; b) used in agriculture; c) made sinkers.
10. Who does Mitrofan Petrov sell seines to?
a) gentlemen; b) peasants; c) butt.
11. Name the profession of the main character of Chekhov’s story “Tosca” by Jonah Potapov:
a) worker; b) cab driver; c) jeweler.
12. What kind of grief that Iona Potapov is trying to tell about happened in his family:
a) wife died; b) the house burned down; c) my son died.
13. Who at the end of the story “Tosca” listens to the story of Jonah Potapov:
a) military; b) young people; c) janitor; d) horse.
14. Name the profession of the heroine of Chekhov’s story “The Slut” Yulia Vasilievna:
a) governess; b) cook; c) maid.
a) constantly complains of feeling unwell;
b) cooks poorly and tastelessly;
c) cannot stand up for himself.
Answer form
Test based on the stories of A.P. Chekhov “Chameleon”, “Intruder”, “Melancholy”, “Wool”
teaching____ 7th grade ________________________________________________
Answers:
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