IN Lately people are increasingly interested in the issue of moving to environmentally friendly areas to create good living conditions for their family. How to create your own family estate? How to choose the right territory? How to get a plot of land from the state for free? The answers to these questions can be found in this article.
The legislative framework
The legislation of the Russian Federation clearly defines all the main aspects of ownership and use of land. The Land Code also stipulates in which cases you can become the owner of state or municipal land for free (Article 39.5), when you can receive the above-mentioned plots for free use (Article 39.10). The code specifies requirements for land owners and tenants (Article 42) and requirements for maintaining soil fertility and environmental situation(v. 13).
Features of the emergence of estates in Ancient Rus' as a land tenure system
Even in Ancient Rus', at the end of the 15th century, a system of owning land plots - estates - arose. Such a residential area was provided to people who carried public service or were military, it could be the middle noble class or boyars. People received plots at the place where they performed their official duties.
Initially, the owners of such land plots did not have the right to sell them, exchange them, or inherit them to their family. In other words, ownership of the estate was conditional, a person did not have the right to choose a plot or refuse it, after the death of the owner, his family could not claim ownership of the plot. The area of the estate, which was given out for conditional possession, directly depended on what kind of service a particular person performed for the sovereign.
The system of this form of territorial ownership had its own characteristics. The state compiled special lists of landowners divided into certain categories:
- quality of equipment;
- area of land plots;
- salary amount.
There was also a special institution that was responsible for the distribution of land plots - the Local Order. Not only the landowners had responsibilities to the state, but also the land on which they lived: for each such cultivated plot of land, the landowner was obliged to supply a certain number of people (dachas) to serve the state (military conscription). During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, a law was drawn up that determined the exact number of warriors depending on the area of land ownership. From every 27 hectares of cultivated land in one field and from every 150 hectares in three fields, 1 person on a horse in full uniform must go on a hike. If you had a long trip ahead, you had to have 2 horses with you.
The size of the estate issued by the state depended on the official rank of the landowner and the characteristics of the civil service. Usually, the entire allocated area (local salary) was divided into several parts, one part was issued immediately, and the rest was paid gradually. People with a high official rank received an average of 270 hectares of land, low-ranking employees - 27-80 hectares.
Regarding cash payments, they were accrued on average 1 ruble per 1.5 hectares of cultivated field. But such payments were given to landowners only before campaigns or after a predetermined time.
Owners of such land plots were obliged to send their sons to public service upon reaching the age of fifteen. When enrolling the landowner's children into service (layout), there were also several features regarding the distribution of estates. If the eldest sons were sent to serve while their father was incapacitated, the state provided them with a new estate. In the case of enrolling younger children, when the father was already in old age, the sons were obliged to inherit their father’s official duties and, accordingly, his estate.
Also in Rus' there were so-called payments to women (widows and daughters) from the family of a deceased (widow - 10% of the total area of ownership, daughters 5%) or a landowner who died in the performance of his duties (widow - 20%, daughters 10%) . The widow of a landowner could own a given plot of land until her death, remarriage, or ordination to the nun. The landowner's daughters lost their lands after reaching the age of fifteen.
Over time, the estates gradually became hereditary. First, by transferring official responsibilities from father to son and land service. And at the beginning of the 18th century, a law was passed on the transfer of estates to the ownership of landowners, and such land plots became family estates.
What is a family estate and settlement?
Family estate is a fairly broad concept. Basically, this is a large private area in which several generations of the same family lived. The land plot was inherited from parents to children. This is the territory on which more than one generation of a particular family was born and raised. This area contains everything necessary for existence and self-sufficiency. Recently, this type of housing is gaining more and more popularity.
Such a plot must have an area of at least 1 hectare. This area is optimal for comfortable living and placement of all necessary buildings. On such a plot you can build a spacious house, plant trees, create a pond and plant a vegetable garden.
In this estate, people can be completely autonomous, providing themselves with everything necessary for comfortable and healthy life.
Over time, several nearby family estates may turn into a family settlement. This is a collection of family estates located nearby, the owners of which jointly arrange life on a partnership basis. Roads can be built together educational establishments, places for recreation, entertainment venues. Thanks to such settlements, a new culture of life with its own special traditions is created.
How to become the owner of your own estate?
Lately, creating your own estate has been gaining popularity. There are many offers on the real estate market for purchasing a plot of land, both undeveloped and ready-made in pre-built ancestral settlements. But what about those who want to build their own estate or even a family settlement from scratch?
- rural settlements;
- land for agriculture;
- forest lands;
- land in state or municipal ownership.
The legislation states that a person can become the owner of all of the above categories, except forest ones. The latter can only be temporarily rented. You can purchase a plot from an individual or legal entity, as well as from self-government bodies.
The code also sets out certain requirements for tenants and future owners of plots:
- restoration and preservation of land fertility;
- creation of protection on the site from the negative effects of wind and water;
- control of weeds and maintaining the previously created order;
- concern for security natural resources on the territory of the future estate;
- compliance with land use rules and other regulations;
- use of allocated land in accordance with its purpose.
Land for building your estate can be rented or purchased.
Features of renting a plot
Rent of the plot is possible for a period of up to 3 years. After this time, the territory can be purchased and registered as private property. If for some reason redemption is not possible, then the lease can be extended for a period of 49 years. Read more about how to rent land from the state.
Buying a plot
When purchasing a plot, you must purchase land with permission for agricultural production. Also, before purchasing, you should make sure that you have a document in which the regional and local administration refuses to acquire this territory. If the above document is missing, then a gift agreement is drawn up. You should also check whether the land is mortgaged to obtain a loan and whether there are other various encumbrances. If all problems are resolved, then a purchase and sale agreement is drawn up. Find out more about what documents are needed to purchase a plot of land.
How to obtain a plot of land for an estate from the state
According to the law Russian Federation, all citizens of the country have the right to receive any free plot of land they like and engage in agriculture there. The main condition is that the territory that a person has chosen must be in municipal or state ownership. There are also several nuances here.
There are such ways to obtain a plot from the state:
- winning the auction;
- rent;
- privileges.
Auction
The essence this method is as follows: a person finds a suitable territory that meets his requirements and the requirements of the state. Next, the selected territory is registered with the state cadastral register. After checking the site, it is put up for auction. If no one else is interested in the land within 30 days, then it can be rented for 6 years. After the expiration of the period, the plot can be registered as your own property.
If bidding has begun, there is a chance to purchase the plot you like at a price significantly lower than the market price.
Rent
According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, some lands owned by the state or municipality can be used for free. The plot is given for a period of 5 years for building a house or agricultural work. If the land was used for its intended purpose, then they can be obtained free of charge.
You can also get a plot of land at your place of work; to do this, you must work in a specific position for 6 years, in connection with which you can receive land from the state.
Privileges
- large families with minor children (land plot up to 0.15 hectares);
- disabled people;
- military;
- orphans.
Regardless of which of the above methods you choose, obtaining a plot of land from the state will require collecting a lot of documents and spending a lot of time on registration.
How to create your own estate (video)
This video provides a recording of a webinar on the topic of building your own estate, which will generate income so that the owner can fully provide for himself and his family.
In order to become the owner of your own estate, you can not only buy ready-made housing or land, but also try to get it from the state. Knowing all your rights and obligations will help to significantly save time when choosing, as well as when purchasing, the desired plot of land.
Houses and estates in Skyrim
You can not only rush around the territory of Skyrim with weapons and cut out, with or without instructions, everything that moves. There is also room here to build a house. In general, the entire territory of Skyrim is conditionally divided into 9 parts and each of them provides the player with the opportunity to build a house or estate. The right to build real estate will need to be earned by completing a number of simple instructions from jarls and city residents. Houses and estates serve as a place for recreation, family living (you can’t have children without a home), replenishing supplies, manufacturing and safe storage of things (we can’t store our belongings in barrels for the rest of our lives). Usually houses are bought from the jarl's assistant, who tells how to get to the new place of residence. He also helps to purchase furnishings for the house (an additional line appears in the dialogue). Estates differ from houses in that all stages of planning, construction and furnishing are carried out through personal effort, from laying the foundation to creating shelves and cabinets. You can change the set of rooms through the plan on the drawing table next to the house.
The construction of the estate can be facilitated if the housecarl is appointed as caretaker, after talking with him, then it will be possible to transfer to him the rough work: the purchase building materials, furniture and livestock, he will also help find a bard who will entertain the owner with songs. Additional housing appears after completing all the tasks of the College of Magicians from Winterhold, the Dark Brotherhood and investigating the conspiracy against the ruler of Solstheim, Lleril Morvain.
Where can you buy houses in Skyrim and for how much?
House in Whiterun (House of Warm Winds)
Located behind the Warrior's House forge on the main street, immediately after entering the city on the right. The conditions for the purchase are the delivery of the Dragonstone from Windy Peak, assistance to the jarl in the fight against the dragon that attacked the Western Watchtower, and the house can also be purchased after the quest “Battle for Whiterun”, if you support Ulfric Stormcloak and take the side of the Stormcloaks.
House cost: 5000
Layout: 1800 (Kitchen - 300, living room - 250, dining room - 250, second floor living room - 200, bedroom - 300, alchemical laboratory or Children's room - 500)
House in Riften (Medovik)
Located near the bridge over the canal, next to Helga’s Nochlezhka, on the right side of the city’s main gate. To buy a house, you need to strengthen the earl’s influence in the city by dealing with smugglers from the pier, who can be tipped off by the Argonian woman Vujita, dispersing a gang of bandits in the surrounding lands, and also completing several orders from the city’s residents. Thieves can sometimes enter the house, whom they can kill with impunity and take away all the loot.
House cost: 8000
Layout: 4300 (Kitchen - 500, Bedroom - 600, Veranda - 400, Front Garden - 800, Alchemy Laboratory - 1000, Enchanting Altar or Children's Room - 1000 / 550)
House in Markarth (Vlindrel Hall)
Located on the upper tier of the Dwemer city, on the right side of the entrance. The conditions for purchase are helping the jarl, killing outcast leaders and fulfilling requests from city residents, and the character must be at least level 20. If the option to buy a house does not appear in a conversation with the manager or, on the contrary, disappears, although all the conditions are met, you need to wait for peace negotiations on High Hrothgar, and when the parties exchange cities, go to the new jarl with the manager and complete the deal. Peace negotiations will start towards the end storyline. It is better to buy a house at the first opportunity.
House cost: 8000
Layout: 4500 (Lobby - 500, Living Room - 600, Bedroom - 400, Alchemy Lab or Nursery - 1000 / 700, Enchanting Altar - 1000)
House in Windhelm (Hjerim)
Located at the northwestern wall of the city, opposite the home of the Cruel Sea clan, in the far left corner from the entrance to the city. To buy a house, you need to side with the Stormcloaks and support Ulfric Stormcloak in the fight against the Imperials. If you choose the side of the Imperials, you can complete the deal after the end civil war. You also need to help the city residents by completing three tasks. You can furnish the house after completing the side quest “Blood on the Snow,” which starts in the city cemetery and ends with the capture of the serial killer when the girls stop dying at his hands. The task consists of several parts, after the arrest of the court magician Wunfert, it will be continued in a few days.
House price: 12000
Layout: 9000 (Kitchen - 1000, Bedroom - 1000, Living Room - 1500, Alchemy Laboratory - 1500, Enchanting Altar - 1500, Armory - 2000, Children's Room - 1250, Crime Cleanup - 500 (must be purchased before furnishing the living room)).
House in Solitude (High Spire)
Located between the Hall of the Dead and the College of Bards, in the eastern part of the city. To buy a house, you need to complete the manager’s task to clear the Potema catacombs under the temple of the gods (the task consists of two parts, after completing the first, a messenger with a letter should appear who will ask you to appear again to Folk Firebeard), then a personal order from the jarl to deliver the item to the altar of Talos in the mountains, and finally help five residents of the city.
House cost: 25000
Layout: 12000 (Kitchen - 1500, Bedroom - 2000, Living Room - 2000, Alchemy Laboratory - 2500, Enchanting Altar - 2500, Children's Room - 1500)
Estate in Falkreath (Ozernoe)
Located next to the lake, northeast of the city. The conditions for the purchase are the title of Thane of Falkreath, which can be earned by completing the tasks of the jarl, his assistant Nenya and the residents of the city. Along with the house comes the housecarl Raya, who can become a wife, comrade-in-arms or caretaker. Raw material reserves will only be enough for the initial stage of construction. Everything else will have to be found during adventures, purchased at sawmills, from merchants and blacksmiths in cities, or mined independently using a pickaxe around the construction site. To avoid bugs, work should be carried out in the following order: first we build a small house, then we arrange the yard (we build pens for livestock, workshops, stables, etc.), we build the main hall, we rebuild the small house into a vestibule through the drawing table, we build three wings and a basement, and only then do we move on to arranging the entire estate using workbenches, which contain complete information about the available buildings and the amount of materials required for their construction.
House cost: 5000
Layout: Entrance Hall, Main Hall, East Wing: Library, Kitchen or Armory, Enchanter's Tower, Greenhouses or Bedrooms, Alchemy Lab, Pantry or Trophy Room, Basement.
Dawnstar Estate (Helyarken Hall)
Located on a hill on the border of the domain, not far from the Dwemer tower of Mzark, south of Dawnstar. Prices and conditions for purchase are the same as in the case of the Ozernoye estate. You can appoint housecarl Gregor, who appears when you receive the title of Thane of Dawnstar, as a manager.
Estate in Morthal (Windstad)
Located on the coast, next to the ruins of the High Gate, where you can get one of the magical masks of the dragon priest Vokun, northeast of Morthal and east of Solitude. Prices and conditions for purchase are the same as in the case of the Ozernoye estate. You can appoint housecarl Valdimar as manager, who appears when you receive the title of Thane of Morthal.
Patrimony- land ownership owned by a feudal lord hereditarily (from the word “father”) with the right to sell, pledge, or donate. The estate was a complex consisting of land ownership(land, buildings and equipment) and rights to dependent peasants.
Estate- a type of land ownership given for military or government service in Russia at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 18th centuries.
Since, starting from the reign of Ivan III, patrimony could also be owned only if its owner served the tsar, the question arises of how these forms of land ownership differed from each other.
1. The estate could be divided between heirs and sold, but the estate could not.
2. The patrimony of the owner, who left no sons, remained in the family, while the estate returned to the royal treasury.
3. From the middle of the 16th century. the clan had the right to redeem for forty years the estate sold by its member to the outside.
For these reasons, the patrimony was considered more tall shape conditional land ownership, and it was preferred to the estate. Wealthy servants usually had both.
With the Service Code of 1556, which established the duty of service for owners of both estates and estates, depending on the size of the plot, a gradual process of convergence of the legal regime of these two types of ownership began. The main trend in the development of local law is the transition of the right of use into the right of ownership. It ends mainly with the Council Code of 1649 and the laws that followed it.
1. The right of inheritance in estates is developing. This principle - not to take away the estates of fathers from their sons - has been established since the time of Ivan the Terrible. And in 1618, the hereditary transfer of estates extended not only to descendants, but also, in the absence of them, to lateral ones. The landowners have a powerful incentive to develop the economy; it can be improved, expanded, upset, without fear of losing it (for everything is done, ultimately, in the name of the children).
2. The right of inheritance is strengthened by the custom of allocating a subsistence pension to the widow and daughters of a serviceman (in the event of his death in war, death due to a wound, mutilation, etc.).
3. Another way to strengthen private rights to estate lands is to lease the estate for use to another service person (a widow, an elderly retired nobleman himself), who was obliged to support the former owner until his death or to pay all the contents in advance in money (the latter was equivalent to a sale).
4. The exchange of estates for estates is allowed (with the consent of the government), and in late XVII V. – and other transactions, including sales and donations. From that time on, the sale of estates for debts in the event of the debtor's insolvency was also allowed.
Thus, the differences between the estate and the votchina were erased, finally eliminated by the decree of Peter I on single inheritance in 1714.
Many people are faced with the question of how to create their own estate? Creating an estate is like creating your own country life, only the spaces are wider. Create an estate today.
How to choose a place for an estate
Let's talk about how to choose a place for an Estate, and how much land is needed.
The easiest.
1. Open satellite map, we select the area according to our landmarks - a forest, lake, pond, river, settlements, and study everything that is nearby.
2. Open, find the selected places on it and check the availability of ownership of the selected land.
3. If we see that the land is owned, we look for advertisements for sale. You'll have to work hard here. If the land is on sale, you will definitely find it. Maybe not all of them, but half of the selected places will be on sale. Try to find an advertisement from the owner, call him, find out the price.
4. If we see that the land is not owned, we find out which rural settlements the land belongs to. It is necessary to contact the heads rural settlements, clarify the category of land, type of permitted use and the possibility of purchasing land for rent.
On-site visit
And only when the above work has been done, do you organize a site visit.
On site, look not only at the land, but also pay attention to the following factors:
1. where are the power lines located?
2. determine the distance from the main road,
3. check all access roads, you will know them on the map.
4. what kind of soil do the roads have, what will happen to it after the rain,
5. what is the condition of the reservoirs and approaches to them,
6. what kind of vegetation is there? land plots, determine soil fertility by vegetation
7. what trees grow in the area and in the nearby forest
8. stop by the nearest locality, look at the infrastructure.
Before you go to finalize the transaction, develop your strategy for developing the future of the Estate. Two hectares of land is not enough, believe me. But for the organization and development of the estate, one hectare is enough.
We are already accustomed to the fact that 20 acres is enough for a country house. This is a house and a garden with a garden, neighbors behind the fence, the road under your feet.
There will also be neighbors on the estate, but not 5 meters from the house, but at a distance of 200-300 meters.
We discuss this in detail in the training on creating an Estate.
Estate Structure
The estate must have a certain structure. Mandatory conditions: a hedge, a house for year-round use, a garden, a vegetable garden and the creation of a pond on the territory of the Estate. All this is spelled out in the Land Code.
Try to think through the issue of generating income in the Estate. Ask yourself: “How will I live on the Estate? Where will I work to provide my family not only with products grown and produced on the estate, but also not to deprive them of all the delights of life?
Do you know that in the Estate you can become a wealthy person and still work 2-4 hours a day?
I have developed a whole . How am I so smart?
How can you not become smart when for four years everything Agriculture turns inside out with all the techniques and technologies. And I can tell you that small lands have advantages over industrial scale.
Remember the saying...? "Small spool but precious." This is 100% applicable to Estates.
Many estates of the ancient noble families of Russia are associated with mystical stories that happened and happen in these places to this day. The concept of “Russian estate” implies a complex of residential and outbuildings, with a garden area and a park. Having such country estates, in the period from the seventeenth to the beginning of the twentieth century, was incredibly popular among Russian noble and merchant families. Of course, in many of these estates, mysterious and mystical events sometimes occurred, and they were the result of violent deaths, not uncommon in those days, or were caused by the immoderate interest of their owners in the occult, which was then a fashionable trend, while others simply reflected the anomalies of their location. Today we have prepared for you a list of the most interesting mystical Russian estates of aristocrats and merchants of Russia.
Moscow region - the mansion building with a beautiful surrounding area originally belonged to the son of the famous Moscow baker Filippov - Dmitry. The main house was built at the beginning of the last century according to the design of the architect Eichenwald. The building in the eclectic style is located in a very picturesque historical area, where the city of Przemysl in Moscow flourished in the twelfth century, but local residents soon abandoned it, and the ancient wooden houses gradually collapsed and were overgrown with forest. When Filippov visited these places, he was immediately captivated by the beauty of the area: a river framed by steep banks, ravines covered with a carpet of herbs, and decided that he should build his estate here. He invited the architect and told him about his wishes, and also that he would like to see a magnificent park around the mansion. The design of the building and the park embodied the harmony, romanticism and diversity of Dmitry Filippov’s desires. They say that it could not have been otherwise, because at that moment he was going through an acute period of falling in love with a girl from the gypsy tribe - Aza. One day he met her among the singers of a gypsy choir and immediately stole the beauty, confessing his ardent love. For her sake, Dmitry began the construction of a luxurious mansion on the river bank, lost in the forests. He was like a dragon who was trying to hide his treasure from the world. Their love story did not last long after the construction of this crooked noble estate, because Dmitry was an amorous and flighty man, he fell in love with another beauty, and began to cheat on Aza with her. She learned about the betrayal of her beloved and decided that she no longer wanted to live. Without thinking twice, the girl climbed onto the observation tower and stepped down. Then the revolution began, the estate building for a long time it was empty without owners and was collapsing, or rather it had a mistress, but a ghostly one - the same gypsy Aza, whose soul, apparently, decided to stay in the place where she was once happy and loved. In the fifties of the twentieth century, a sports base was set up here, and vacationers often at night saw the transparent silhouette of a woman with long hair in a wide gypsy skirt, walking along the corridors of the building and along the paths of the park. Then a medical center was opened in the old mansion of the estate, but its patients also continued to meet the ghost of Aza on the territory. It is difficult to say whether the ghost is here now, since there are no witnesses to this due to the fact that the noble estate has long been abandoned and the park is overgrown. All that remains of the ponds that once framed the entrance to the territory is one very shallow reservoir. The once magnificent building of the estate still stands, but it is also beginning to rapidly collapse, although it still attracts with the splendor of its architectural decor: elegant stucco molding, magnificent bas-reliefs decorating the balcony. The once wonderful garden park area, which used to be decorated with alleys with spruce trees, thujas, and flower beds, was partially destroyed even at the time of its placement here. medical center. However, the manor is still magnificent, both outside and inside. There are no organized excursions here; only a few desperate independent tourists, having made their way to the mansion through the thickets of an overgrown forest, admire the remnants of former luxury, and try to see the ghost of the gypsy Aza.
– this ancient noble estate stands on the outskirts of the city in the area of Suzdalka and Novoselok. Practically, like all Russian manorial estates, this mansion has a difficult fate. The estate was built at the end of the eighteenth century for the family of Nikolai Ivanovich Kokovtsev - this man was the Minister of Finance of Russia and belonged to a famous ancient family. By his order, a magnificent mansion was erected, with additional outbuildings, stables, and a beautiful regular park was laid out around it, where cascading ponds were built, which have survived to this day. After the revolution, in 1919, the noble nest - the magnificent estate of Yaroslavl - was nationalized. Over the years, the following were stationed here: a military regiment, kindergarten, a library, then communal apartments, and the second floor was given over to children's clubs and a disco. It must be said that the residents who moved into this old building immediately realized that they were sharing shelter in their apartments with another otherworldly resident - the ghost of Kokovtsev’s daughter Lydia, who almost every night came to one family or another to ask sweets
According to local legend, Lydia fell in love with a young man, but he did not share her feelings, and the unfortunate girl drowned herself in the estate pond. They say that this ghost is not so good-natured with strangers who are not residents of the communal apartment at the estate. If men appear on the estate or in its environs in the evening and at night, she lures them to the water and drags them to the bottom. It is not known whether the rumors are true, but it is true that several young people drowned while swimming in this pond. As for the pond, for a long time its banks were overgrown with trees; only a few years ago they were cut down, clearing the shore. The pond itself has not been cleaned for a very long time, since royal power. Old-timers say that at one time, the bottom of all three ponds was tiled; in those years this was a very common practice.
In the Tver region, Bologovsky district - it was built at the end of the nineteenth century according to a design that Alexander Sergeevich Khrenov, an outstanding architect, created personally. This completely extravagant ensemble does not look like a classic Russian noble estate; rather, it is a European castle from the Middle Ages. And this feeling is created by the symmetry of the structure, its design with turrets and the use of not only bricks, but also stone boulders in the masonry of the walls. In addition to the main manor house, built on a hill, there is a residential outbuilding, outbuildings, and even a hunting lodge located next to the pond. Architect Khrenov decided in 1904 to start breeding thoroughbred horses on the estate, setting up a stud farm there. But this was short-lived, because a revolution began, during which the son of Alexander Sergeevich was killed - white officer, who served in tsarist army. The architect understood that if he remained in Russia, he would most likely be shot, then at the age of fifty-seven, he was forced to emigrate from Russia to China, where he died a few years later. But before leaving his beloved brainchild - a beautiful estate, into which so much effort and love had been invested, he cursed it with tears in his eyes, saying that no one could ever be happy and calm here. In 1918, the Bolsheviks nationalized this noble estate and first organized a pioneer camp there, which could only be accessed through great connections. At this time, the territory of the estate was decorated with sculptures “a la Pioneer”. Then a tuberculosis sanatorium was located here, during which time several awkward outbuildings were installed here, which can still be distinguished with the naked eye against the backdrop of the elegant architectural ensemble created by Khrenov. But the mysticism of this place lies in the fact that both the pioneers who came to rest in the camp and the tuberculosis patients who arrived in Zaklyuchye for treatment never stayed here until the end of the agreed period. They say that people saw some mysterious shadows at night, it seemed to them that someone was looking at them from the darkness, and the atmosphere of this place was somehow oppressive. They say that none of those who came to the Zaklyuchye sanatorium for treatment experienced relief from their condition, but, on the contrary, they only got worse. There is still a bad reputation about this abandoned mystical noble estate in Tver. Tourists who tried to get here on their own often wandered around, as the navigator led them to completely different places in the surrounding area. It’s as if the architect’s curse protects this piece of land from outsiders. Probably, only thanks to the notoriety and mysterious stories about the estate, as well as the fact that people disappear here, which scares away looters, it remained in more or less decent condition. They say that today Khrenov’s estate was bought by a private entrepreneur, and he tried to carry out restoration work there, but something seemed to drive the workers out of the protected area. Therefore, restoration work has been suspended. Locals they say that sometimes mushroom pickers wandering through the forest accidentally come to the estate, but despite the fact that in the photographs this building looks sunny, sweet and romantic, some unknown force causes panic and causeless anxiety in people, and they flee from there, headlong. No one can give an explanation for this fear, so they say that this territory is occupied by ghosts who have found here, in silence, a refuge for their restless souls.
Lipetsk region - located on the banks of the beautiful Vorgol river. This estate was built in 1867 by order of the merchant Taldykin. This noble estate is interesting not only because there are mystical legends about it, but because of its unusualness and originality compared to other noble nests in Russia. The nature here is unusual for this area: steep Vorgol cliffs, overgrown with mountain vegetation. It is not surprising that this area is recognized as a nature reserve, and it is called “Galichya Mountain”. There is an amazing architectural complex of the Taldykins’ estate, including a manor house, a number of outbuildings, the ruins of a mill, and an “embankment” area. The main house of the estate, built in 1868, is in excellent condition to this day; the strength of its walls is explained by the fact that egg mortar was used when laying the bricks, and also by their width, reaching a meter. Unfortunately, the Taldykin couple was unable to live in their magnificent estate due to their insidious murder, which shocked the entire area. The Taldykin merchants were always very generous and kind-hearted people, ready to help anyone and everyone: they gave a lot of money for charitable purposes, always helped their neighbors, the poor from villages in the surrounding area, people could come to them for help at any time, and would not be refused not with anything. Their distant relative was seduced by the wealth of the merchants, who decided that if the Taldykins died, he would be recognized as the legal heir, and he entered the mansion, brutally killing the couple, breaking their heads with weights.
The death of the good philanthropists Taldykins was mourned by all the people who knew them during their lifetime; the fate that befell this couple seemed too unfair to them. Several years passed, and according to the stories of local residents, miraculous healings began to occur at the Taldykins’ grave, after which people flocked here. But when Soviet power was established in Russia, its representatives in Yelets decided to overcome these superstitions and prejudices, and this was done in the most inhumane and horrific way: in 1931, merchant graves were desecrated and their bodies were violated. They say that compassionate people moved the remains to bury them in another place, but when they put the coffins in the dug holes, they fell into the abyss that suddenly formed under them. The earth around them shook, they say that the Taldykins were angry at such an unfair treatment of them even after death. Since then, no one knows where the final resting place of the Taldykin merchants is, but after this incident, many karst sinkholes appeared in the area and new caves began to appear regularly. But that’s not all, because according to the locals, the estate has become a refuge for a ghostly couple. As for the further history of their mansion, it was significantly damaged during the Great Patriotic War, the mill burned down in 1941. Then the estate was partially restored, and a holiday home was opened there, which did not last long. When it was closed, the building was empty for a long time and collapsed. Locals say that mystical stories and paranormal phenomena often occur on the territory of the abandoned Taldykin estate even now, and the former owners walk through the manor house at night and do not allow bad people here. The ghosts of the Taldykins will be happy only with a person with a pure heart and soul, who will come here to restore the magnificent estate and breathe life into it new life.
In the village of Petrovskoye, Naro-Fominsk district, Moscow region, an old mansion with a beautiful surrounding area was built in the eighteenth century. Initially, the plot for the estate was purchased by Baron Pyotr Pavlovich Shafirov from the Borovsky-Pafnutyev Monastery. But he resold it to Nikita Akinfievich Demidov, who decided to build a noble estate among these beautiful natural places - a gift for his beloved wife, the beautiful Alexandra Evtikhievna, for the fact that she bore him an heir and two daughters. While construction of the Petrovskoye estate was underway, his wife died. Demidov decided that if she had not visited here during her lifetime, then after death she should find peace on the territory of her estate. He brought the body of his beloved wife to Petrovskoye and buried her in the Church of St. Peter Metropolitan. But it didn’t end there, because local residents and people from the estate very often began to see a translucent female phantom moving through the linden park of the estate. Demidov himself followed his wife in 1789, he was also buried next to her in the local church, and the estate was inherited by their son Nikolai, who died in 1852, leaving no heirs. For a short time the estate belonged to the landowner V.N. Zharkov, but then was bought by Prince Alexander Vasilyevich Meshchersky. He was already seventy-three years old and a widower, but decided to marry his pupil and the daughter of his deceased friend, twenty-four-year-old Ekaterina Prokofievna Podborskaya. She owned the estate in Petrovsky until the 1917 revolution. From Prince Meshchersky, the princess gave birth to a daughter, who was also named Catherine in honor of her mother. The Bolsheviks allowed them to live in a small outbuilding for some time, but then kicked them out from there. In 1921, ancient paintings were taken from the noble estate to the Museum Fund, and bronze sculptures were given to the Naro-Fominsk club. The estate was converted into a sanatorium, a hospital, but since no one repaired it, the building fell into disrepair and began to collapse. Then the local authorities decided that the house should be blown up and the bricks used for the needs of peasants and workers. But the walls of a strong and high-quality structure withstood the explosions, so the idea with building materials was forgotten, like the former Russian manorial estate itself. In the nineties, the last descendant of the princely family of Meshcherskys appeared in the estate; he settled in an empty outbuilding and began to study the historical past of the estate in order to learn more about his family estate and even opened a family museum here. But, in addition to historical research, he was engaged in esotericism and the occult, as local residents say, he summoned spirits, communicated with them, and with their help created a map of the site, where he marked springs with living and dead water. The local population began to complain to the authorities about the devilry that began to happen in the oldest estate and in its environs. Then the authorities evicted Meshchersky from his family noble estate, but the paranormality of this place, according to eyewitnesses, is felt to this day.
In the Kuzminki-Lublino park - this is one of the most mystical places in Moscow, enjoying an evil reputation that extends not only to all household buildings, but also to the Kuzminsky forest park. Something abnormal and terrible always happens here. According to statistics, this is where the most crimes occur, including murders, suicides, people and animals disappear without a trace, and psychics claim that there is a giant energy funnel in Kuzminki. But let's go back to historical facts. The Kuzminki estate, the most beautiful noble estate in Moscow, was donated in 1702 in the form of what was then just a land plot to Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov for excellent service by the Emperor of Russia Peter the Great himself. Then the estate passed to the Golitsyn princes, who built a luxurious mansion here at the end of the eighteenth century, laid out elegant parks around it, dug ponds, made islands on them, uniting them with bridges. The Kuzminki estate became one of the most exemplary noble estates in Russia, it was even called the “Russian Versailles”, so emperors and people close to them often visited here.
And yet, this place never ceased to be mystical and notorious. Why? It’s worth telling a couple of versions of where the name “Kuzminki” came from. According to one, in ancient years, a miller named Kozma lived on these lands, who had a passion for killing people, and he killed a lot of innocent people for fun. His mill stood on the banks of the Goledyanka River, and he buried the bodies of the dead here, burying them in the ground. Today this is the most anomalous place of all Kuzminki; here stands a small outbuilding where servants who worked in a noble estate used to live. They say that even though the room is almost destroyed, it is always uncomfortable to be near it; it seems that someone is watching you from the gaping eye sockets of the windows. Some particularly sensitive people here experience not only causeless fear, but also real panic; they want to run away from here at breakneck speed. There were eyewitnesses who noticed flying luminous balls here and saw ghostly figures. Ghost hunters also came here and measured the electromagnetic background; it turned out that the device here was off scale, so it was concluded that the outbuilding stood on a tectonic fault earth's crust.
According to the second version, everything is even worse. Old-timers say that the mystical history of this Russian estate began even earlier and it was about killer blacksmiths. Even the ancient pagan Slavs formed the temple of Chernobog in these places, where they worshiped him. IN Slavic culture it was the equivalent of the Christian devil. Blood sacrifices were carried out here in his honor. One of the types of sacrifices was the following ritual: when people in a family grew old, turning into a burden for their relatives, the Slavs killed them, but not themselves, because this ritual was traditionally performed by blacksmiths. They gathered old people on a hill and beat them on the head with their hammers, killing them, and threw their bodies into a ravine as a sacrifice for Chernobog. This is where the name Kuzminki came from, as a place of residence for people involved in blacksmithing. Often during excavations, amateur archaeologists found old human skulls and bones here; perhaps these were victims of the bloody rituals of the pagan Slavs. Although, some claim that many soldiers died here during the Great Patriotic War.
They say that on the wooded territory of the Kuzminki estate there is a “suicide tree” - an old thick elm leaning towards the pond, where hanged people are often found. Local residents say that people can hang themselves there even against their will, because the cursed tree mystically draws them to commit suicide. According to legend, there used to be a sorceress in Kuzminki who fell in love with a young man, but despite all her knowledge of magic, she could not win his favor, because that guy already loved another girl, with whom they secretly met under a spreading elm tree. The sorceress found out about their meetings and cursed this old tree in her hearts. Since then, it has not brought happiness to anyone, only death.
The Moscow Kuzminki estate began its revival twenty years ago; it was restored, buildings, ponds, and a park were restored, which became a favorite recreation area for Muscovites. They started holding entertainment events here, opened several interesting museums: museum of Russian estate culture, literary museum of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky, honey museum, carriage museum, car museum, Golitsyn estate museum. Everything has been done here to make people interested, but this place is still considered unclean and mystical, and some out-of-the-ordinary stories are constantly happening here.