The process of socialization reaches a certain degree of completion when a person reaches social maturity, which is characterized by the person acquiring an integral social status (a status that determines a person’s position in society). However, in the process of socialization, failures and failures are possible. A manifestation of socialization deficiencies is deviant behavior - this is various shapes negative behavior of individuals, the sphere of moral vices, deviations from principles, norms of morality and law. Deviant behavior, understood as a violation of social norms, has become last years mass character. It seems to me that this is due to the fact that the more complex society becomes, the more processes take place in it, the more people have the opportunity to display their deviant behavior. Therefore, this problem is in the center of attention of sociologists, social psychologists, doctors, law enforcement officials, and us ordinary people, members of society. Numerous forms of deviant behavior indicate a state of conflict between personal and social interests. Deviant behavior is most often an attempt to leave society, to escape from everyday life. life problems and adversity, overcome the state of uncertainty and tension through certain compensatory forms. However, deviant behavior is not always negative character. It may be associated with the individual’s desire for something new, an attempt to overcome the conservative that prevents him from moving forward. Deviant behavior may include different kinds scientific, technical and artistic creativity. The work will consist of three interconnected parts. In the first, I will try to explain what deviant behavior is, find its roots, and consider different approaches to studying deviant behavior. In the second I will briefly consider the main forms of manifestation, and in the third I will address perhaps the most serious problem: deviant behavior among adolescents. And in conclusion, we will consider the main methods of preventing deviant behavior.
1. Disorganization, like deviant behavior, is inevitably inherent in any social system, as well as its basis - social organization and social norms. Society did not exist and is impossible to exist without social deviations and crime, say sociologists. Can you give examples of societies that did not know the manifestation of deviant behavior or at least such an extreme form as crime? Does the above thesis lead to the conclusion that it is pointless to fight deviant behavior? Give reasons for your answer.
The process of socialization reaches a certain degree of completion when a person reaches social maturity, which is characterized by the person acquiring an integral social status (a status that determines a person’s position in society). However, in the process of socialization, failures and failures are possible. A manifestation of the shortcomings of socialization is deviant behavior - these are various forms of negative behavior of individuals, the sphere of moral vices, deviations from principles, norms of morality and law. Deviant behavior, understood as a violation of social norms, has become widespread in recent years. It seems to me that this is due to the fact that the more complex society becomes, the more processes take place in it, the more people have the opportunity to display their deviant behavior. Therefore, this problem is in the center of attention of sociologists, social psychologists, doctors, law enforcement officials, and us ordinary people, members of society. Numerous forms of deviant behavior indicate a state of conflict between personal and social interests. Deviant behavior is most often an attempt to leave society, to escape from everyday life problems and adversities, to overcome a state of uncertainty and tension through certain compensatory forms. However, deviant behavior is not always negative. It may be associated with the individual’s desire for something new, an attempt to overcome the conservative that prevents him from moving forward. Various types of scientific, technical and artistic creativity can be classified as deviant behavior. The work will consist of three interconnected parts. In the first, I will try to explain what deviant behavior is, find its roots, and consider various approaches to the study of deviant behavior. In the second I will briefly consider the main forms of manifestation, and in the third I will address perhaps the most serious problem: deviant behavior among adolescents. And in conclusion, we will consider the main methods of preventing deviant behavior.
Consequences of drug addiction for the individual and for the family?consequences of crime for families?
examples of social norms for moral norms, religious norms and political norms?
examples of deviant behavior and sanctions for moral norms, religious norms, political norms, customs and traditions, legal norms?
I need it very urgently)
The consequences of drug addiction for the family are catastrophic, as in principle for the individual himself. The personality itself becomes completely asocial over time. Social attitudes are completely erased - social statuses such as professional, father, son, comrade, etc. The existence of the subject is reduced only to finding a dose and to using it; as a rule, with longer use in a person’s life, there are no longer any other needs. The family constantly lives in stress, which in itself is called codependency, that is, the whole life of the family over time becomes focused only on the life of the drug addict. As a rule, the family begins to experience serious financial difficulties, and a lot of serious illnesses are recorded in codependent relatives of drug users.
1. Explain why violation of laws is dangerous and harmful to society:a) young people turned on loud music at night in the yard
b) two teenagers stole someone else’s car for a ride
c) a group of teenagers started a fight in the street
2. Where should a citizen turn if:
a) his apartment was flooded by a neighbor living on the floor above. The neighbor does not want the damage caused and refuses to talk;
b) in your house on the ground floor, young people gather every day and talk loudly;
c) after rallies, the area around the house becomes like a garbage dump
d) your friend hit you causing bodily harm; moreover, threats against you continue, and the reason for such behavior is not clear
e) the police officer checked your documents and began to demand that you sign papers that you did not understand.
And please, the sooner you help me, the better for all schools.
A) Creating a conflict situation with neighbors and, moreover, this is a violation during vacation time.
b) Creation of an emergency situation.
c) Disturbing public order
2. A) Creation conflict situation with the public and is a direct violation against the law.
b)It is also a social violation against the morals of other people.
c) Incompetence on the part of the crowd and causing harm, i.e. to cleanliness and order.
d) A serious offense because it is a crime against life.
d) It is also an offense because you are not familiar with the documents and this can lead to disastrous consequences for which you will later have to regret.
Soul of the crowd. .. Decisions concerning common interests, made by a meeting of even famous people in the field of various specialties, still differ little from decisions made by a meeting of fools, since in both cases there are not any outstanding qualities combined, but only ordinary ones , found in everyone. In a crowd, only stupidity can accumulate, not intelligence.<...>The appearance of these new special features, characteristic of the crowd and, moreover, not found in the individual individuals included in its composition, is due to various reasons. The first of these is that the individual in a crowd acquires, thanks only to his numbers, a consciousness of irresistible force, and this consciousness allows him to succumb to instincts that he never gives free rein to when he is alone. In a crowd, he is less inclined to curb these instincts, because the crowd is anonymous and does not bear responsibility. The sense of responsibility, which always restrains individuals, completely disappears in the crowd. The second reason - contagiousness or contagion - also contributes to the formation of special properties in the crowd and determines their direction.<...>In a crowd, every feeling, every action is contagious, and to such an extent that the individual very easily sacrifices his personal interests to the collective interest. Such behavior, however, is contrary to human nature, and therefore a person is capable of it only when he is part of a crowd. Questions and tasks: 1) 2) 3) 4) Give your own examples that confirm or refute the author’s opinion that the crowd has properties that an individual may not possess. 5) Is it possible to say that social consciousness is formed in the crowd? Public opinion?
1) What features of human behavior are manifested specifically in a crowd?
The first is herdism. That is, if you did one, repeat after him. The second feature is the absence of one’s own opinion, succumbing to imposed ideas. The third feature is aggression. The fourth is controllability. Fifth, a decrease in the level of IQ as a whole in a crowd, that is, everyone thinks less in a crowd than one person would think.
2) What reasons does the author of the text name for the specific behavior of an individual in a crowd?
“The first of these is that an individual in a crowd acquires, thanks only to his numbers, a consciousness of irresistible force, and this consciousness allows him to succumb to instincts that he never gives free rein to when he is alone. In a crowd, he is less inclined to curb these instincts, because the crowd is anonymous and does not bear responsibility. The sense of responsibility, which always restrains individual individuals, completely disappears in the crowd. The second reason - contagiousness or contagion - also contributes to the formation of special properties in the crowd and determines their direction.<...>In a crowd, every feeling, every action is contagious, and to such an extent that the individual very easily sacrifices his personal interests to the collective interest. "
3) How do you understand the essence of these reasons?
Each person, falling into a crowd, understands that he is not alone, that there are many like him, and that it will not be possible to deal with everyone, and he is aware of his strength, like the strength of the crowd. Therefore, he loses control over himself, succumbs to the crowd, and the level of responsibility decreases. The second reason is that due to the socialization of consciousness and a decrease in IQ, each individual in the group becomes part of this egregor, because the egregor of the crowd thinks for him, therefore, all opinions, all interests of an individual person in the crowd are suppressed by the will of the crowd.
4. Give your own examples that confirm or refute the author’s opinion that the crowd has properties that an individual may not possess - for example, the behavior of the crowd at school during a line meeting. Each individual who falls into this crowd also falls under influence, losing some of his traits, and receiving the traits of the crowd in return. For example, reprimanding one of the students in the form of irony and ridicule causes an outburst of laughter in the entire crowd - while an individual would most likely not laugh.
5) Is it possible to say that social consciousness is formed in the crowd? Public opinion? - Social consciousness, no, but the consciousness of the crowd as an egregor - yes. That is, the crowd ceases to be a collection of people, the crowd itself becomes a governing body - it dictates its rules to each member of the crowd, forcing him to obey.
Try to answer the questions based on the text. Anyone who takes the time to answer will receive not only points, but also my sincere gratitude.And yet, can we say: a stereotype is bad? Obviously, in some cases this statement is true. When getting to know each other, we analyze the stereotypical statements of the interlocutor, classifying him as one or another category of people. Stereotyping becomes dangerous when negative properties are attributed to a type of person. Racism, sex, class or social hatred are products of stereotyping. Statements that all intellectuals are soft-bodied, and all administrators know how to lead, reflect superficial generalizations, and the creation of negative, socially dogmatized stereotypes led to the tragedy of the peasantry in the 30s and hostility towards the intelligentsia in the 60s. Bias, superstitions, judgments from their bell tower not only in personal relationships between people, but also in science lead to misunderstanding, bewilderment and discord. However, there are many “useful” stereotypes, especially in areas related to various professional activity. In the treatise “Judgments on Miscellaneous”, the Chinese thinker of the 8th century. Han Yu pointed out the need to distinguish the views of professionals from “ordinary” stereotypes: “For someone who knows a lot about medicine, it doesn’t matter whether a person is stout or thin. For him, it is important how the blood pulsates: whether it causes interruptions. For someone who knows a lot about management, it doesn’t matter whether the country is under threat or whether the country is safe. It is important for him whether the laws are in order or disorder, whether there is chaos in institutions. ..” Obviously, the ancient ideologists - shamans - were among the first to notice the effective power of stereotypes and use them as powerful regulators of behavior. By designing the ritual process, the shaman could almost always get exactly the result that, in his opinion, was most beneficial in a given situation. The spectators - and among them there were often very authoritative people - were subject to the effect of witchcraft. Thus shifting the responsibility to another, carrying out his magical actions, they accepted with relief the explanation offered to him. We hope that we have helped the reader to establish his thoughts that: stereotypes are as much a fact of human existence as hairstyle, gait, speed of thinking and speech; one must strive to understand stereotypes by communicating both with others and with oneself; the concept of “good-bad” says nothing about the essence of a particular stereotype and is inapplicable to its assessment.
Questions and assignments. 1) Are there any arguments that you would challenge? Why do they seem unconvincing to you? 2) What information given in the document seems most significant to you for revealing the topic? 3) What information do you lack to answer the question about the benefits or harm of stereotypes?
1. Example: a person drinks without harming anyone (drinks alone)
2. About - in a state of alcoholic intoxication, accidents and drug use occur. v-v: this requires money, and drug addicts rob and steal. And the damage to the individual - he is simply ruining his life in vain
3. The reasons for the spread lie in history: the Gorbachev era. No matter how much he struggled with alcohol, drug addiction took its place. in general, the reason: government policy.
Of course, number 3. I would try in every way to assure them that whatever drugs they take, light or not, are STILL DRUGS! And they are addictive! And of course, if their parents find out about this, it will be very bad for them. .. Well, let them think with their heads!
Among my friends there is a certain contingent that smokes.
and also confidently states that it gives an unforgettable experience and is not addictive. but I watched them for a while. blue skin, hands shaking a little... in general, not the most pleasant sight... this situation is similar to the situation about drugs, so for me two factors would be decisive.
1) Belief in the dangers of drugs and cigarettes.
2) The desire not to “fall out” from the group of friends, since they are very good people, and I don't pay attention to what they smoke.
Conscience is a collective concept that includes our moral and social principles and mores. Don't neglect her. The formation, preservation and replenishment of this gift depends entirely on us!
In his life experience I have confirmed to myself more than once that conscience is best regulator my behavior.
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A person, like any other living creature, is characterized by a certain activity - the ability to respond to influences environment. The activity of people in external (motor) and internal (mental, mental) forms in the process of interaction with the environment is usually called activity. Externally observable manifestations of an individual’s activity, actions and deeds, as well as their specific sequence, are defined as behavior. The behavior of an individual in one way or another affects the interests of other people, groups, and the entire society. Human behavior acquires social meaning and becomes personal when it is directly or indirectly involved in communication with other people, is in connection with their actions, and is aimed at certain social facilities(groups, communities, institutions).
To explain the specifics of this or that behavior, sociologists widely use the concept "identity" This term was first used in psychoanalysis to refer to the unconscious process of imitating the behavior or certain qualities of the person with whom the individual identifies. In sociology, this socio-psychological category means an individual’s identification of himself with a certain person, social group, model or ideal. Identity as awareness of one’s group membership can be considered as the most important mechanism for the formation of a deviant personality. The process of gradually acquiring or changing identity is defined as personal identification. When studying deviant behavior, the term " deviant identity" may mean an individual’s awareness of himself as a member, participant in a criminal group, gang, community of drug addicts or alcoholics.
In the sociology of deviant behavior, there are a number of concepts that analyze both deviant and conformist behavior. These are the theories of anomie by R. Merton, differentiated association by E. Sutherland, and the theory of social control.
Personal behavior is considered conformal if it corresponds to social norms and expectations of the social environment (groups, society as a whole).
The degree of conformity, as well as deviance in behavior, depends on the extent to which a person identifies himself with social environment. The terms “conventional,” “normative,” or “normal behavior” are sometimes used to refer to conforming behavior. For a long time Conformist behavior was contrasted only with deviant behavior. However, in Lately Nonconforming behavior is also considered as independent, changeable, reactive behavior.
It is well known that not all people exhibit behavior that is consistent with generally accepted social norms. In society, along with law-abiding citizens, there are offenders: bribe-takers, thieves, drug addicts, rapists and murderers. Along with ordinary people, there is always a place for geniuses and altruists. Moreover, these variations are no less statistically significant than socially approved, conformal (normal) behavior.
Term "deviation"(from Latin deviatio - deviation), as well as in general deviant (deviant) behavior usually and quite strictly defined using the concept of social norm. Indeed, if there is no social norm, then it makes no sense to talk about deviation from it. Therefore, d aviation - it is an act of deviance that goes beyond one or more social norms.
For sociologists, it is important to evaluate not only a single action in relation to the norm, but also behavior - externally observable manifestations of an individual’s activity, the sequence of his actions and actions.
Thus, Deviant behavior is a retreat, a refusal to constantly follow, when performing actions, generally accepted social norms.
A deviant or deviant individual is one who, in his behavior, does not comply with the norms established in a group or social system. Consequently, deviant behavior is a capacious sociological term that covers a wide range of behavioral deviations. In criminology, this concept has a narrower interpretation and is understood as “behavior that contradicts legal or moral norms accepted in society, criminal or immoral behavior; the result of asocial personality development..."
Many American sociologists associate deviant behavior not only with a violation of social norms, but also with social expectations, values, and social roles. Thus, the functional sociologist Albert Cohen defines deviant behavior “as that which goes against institutionalized expectations, that is, with expectations shared and recognized as legitimate within the social system.”
According to Cohen, the sociology of deviant behavior must deal “with the structure of systems of interaction, with the distribution and interconnection of events within these systems, and not with human personalities.” Functionalists derive some psychological aspects from the object of study social interaction- everything that relates to the psyche in the personality structure. Neurotic, psychotic and other pathologies in personal behavior are excluded by supporters of this scientific direction from the subject of sociology of deviant behavior. In this regard, Cohen argues that in order to “create a sociology of deviant behavior, we must keep in mind deviant behavior rather than types of people.” The theory of deviant behavior, according to functionalists, should explain not only deviant behavior, but also its absence, that is, conformism.
Another functionalist sociologist N. Smelser considers “deviant behavior to be that which is considered as a deviation from group norms and leads to isolation, treatment, correction or punishment of the offender.” Moreover, he associates the concept of norm not only with expectations, like Cohen, but, above all, with rules of behavior, standards that regulate interaction between people. There are interpretations of deviant behavior that consider not norms and expectations as a starting point, but social roles, that is, typical patterns of behavior. The approach to deviance as behavior that violates social norms and roles has become widespread in modern criminology and sociology. It is developed by functionalists: R. Merton, R. Akers, A. Liska, A. Tio, M. Clinard, R. Meer.
From the perspective of symbolic interactionism and understanding sociology social groups They themselves create the rules and violators, calling them this way. This means that deviation acts as a consequence of excessive social control, when society reacts to an individual’s behavior with negative sanctions. Proponents of an interactionist or constructivist orientation in the sociology of deviant behavior include famous American researchers G. Becker, D. Black, K. Ericson, E. Schur, E. Lemmert, E. Good. In their opinion, deviation is not an inherent quality of this or that action, but a consequence of correlating the action with the rules for applying sanctions to the violator. And, therefore, deviance acts as a “reactive construct.” From the standpoint of symbolic interactionism and constructivism, the phenomena of deviant behavior do not so much exist objectively, per se, sui generis, but are artificially “constructed.” Consequently, within the framework of this approach, concepts such as “crime”, “corruption”, “terrorism”, “prostitution” are social constructs.” The key role in such “design” activities belongs to the political regime and legal institutions that are controlled by those in power.
In the works of the famous American social psychologist R. Harré, deviant behavior is seen in the psychological state of the individual, caused by a change in his position in the system of socio-political coordinates. This researcher comes to the conclusion that “deviant and normative behavior are two equivalent components of social-role behavior.”
In Russian sociology, a capacious formulation of deviant behavior has received some recognition, actually combining it with the concept of deviation given by Ya. Gilinsky:
deviant behavior- This:
“1) an act or action of a person that does not correspond to officially established or actually established norms and expectations in a given society (social group);
2) social phenomenon, expressed in relatively massive and sustainable forms of human activity that do not correspond to officially established or actually established norms and expectations in a given society».
Social deviations are understood as social processes based on the deviant behavior of individuals and groups. These are crises, wars, revolutions, etc.
As you can see, deviant behavior has many definitions, which, according to American sociologist Alex Tio, can be summarized into two main groups: scientific and humanitarian.
Supporters scientific approach consider deviation from “normal” behavior as objective, inherent in human nature. This position is most clearly represented in the works of functionalist sociologists (R. Merton, R. Akers, M. Clinard, R. Meer, A. Cohen, N. Smelser), who developed the views of E. Durkheim regarding the natural origin of deviations. However, deviant behavior itself, according to functionalists, is defined as non-normative, dysfunctional, destroying the balance of the social system, leading after exceeding a certain threshold to its disintegration. In this case, deviant behavior is subject to the system of social control.
However, one cannot help but see that deviant behavior, using the conclusions of R. Merton, is not only dysfunctional, but also adaptive; its various types continue to exist and develop even in economically prosperous countries. It is no coincidence that one of the most high levels crime rate observed in the United States is many times higher than all known world indicators.
From the perspective humanitarian approach, deviation is considered as a product of society, as a consequence of excessive social control, which does not have internal, objective properties, as a social construction.
The modern “Encyclopedia of Criminology and Deviant Behavior” contains another approach to understanding deviance. It is interpreted as a violation of human rights (G. Schwedinger, J. Schwedinger).
A broad sociological interpretation of a social norm presupposes dual character social deviations from it. It is obvious that some of them contribute to constructive social change. For example, social creativity in science, art, and technology acts as a violation of generally accepted norms and standards. It always challenges time, serves progress, overcomes reactionary stereotypes of consciousness and cliches of behavior. These deviations are usually called positive, according to the terminology of Higgins and Butler - "creative".
Negative deviations are dysfunctional because they disorganize the social system, threatening its existence. These include social pathologies such as crime, alcoholism, drug addiction, corruption, and prostitution. Most often, negative deviations attract the interest and attention of researchers, since they are the ones that create problems for society. Moreover greatest number research devoted delinquent (criminal) behavior understood as deviation from legal norms.
The relationship between positive and negative deviations in the behavior of an individual or group is relative. For example, murder in war is not only permitted, but also encouraged, and in peacetime it is prosecuted by law. In addition, sanctions for violating certain social norms are relative and vary significantly. Thus, it is well known that in different states of the United States the same crime (for example, rape) leads to different forms and terms of punishment.
Thus, deviations are variable in time and socio-cultural dimensions.
In social systems, like biological ones, processes of organization, self-organization and disorganization occur simultaneously. Therefore, when studying deviant behavior, sociologists widely use the concept of “disorganization,” usually associating it with the weakening of the influence of norms and rules of behavior in society.
Disorganization is social process, during which the established social order and habitual actions become unstable. This is a state of confusion in society, a case in which the inability to social institutions to constructive activity. Disorganization at the personal level is understood as a condition in which an individual cannot behave in a socially approved manner. Social disorganization occurs, as a rule, in conditions of rapid social change, a lack of social identity, and a number of social reasons.
The presence in transitional Russian society of a stable tendency to increase the level and scale of socially dangerous deviations (for example, corruption, terrorism and drug addiction) leads to an increase in the processes of disorganization, which provokes the state and its legal institutions to take repressive measures. However, not only to “eradicate”, but also to limit social problems Only traditional prohibitive and repressive actions do not succeed. This is happening especially clearly in the area of drug control and terrorism.
Overall organization and disorganization social life coexist in an inextricable connection, the norm and deviation complement each other. They appear in unity, and only examining them together can lift the veil of secrecy. Control over deviant behavior makes sense only with a comprehensive and systematic study of the problem, which requires knowledge of the mechanisms of rule-making and law enforcement, explicit and latent functions of deviations, processes of stigmatization and deviant identity, the formation of deviant careers and subcultures.
Disorganization, like deviant behavior, is inevitably inherent in any social system, just as its basis is social organization and social norms. There has not been and is impossible the existence of a society without social deviations and crime, sociologists say.
Answers:
Can you give examples of societies that did not know manifestations of deviant behavior or at least such an extreme form as crime? Does the above thesis lead to the conclusion that it is pointless to fight deviant behavior? Give your reasons Deviant behavior, understood as a violation of social norms, has become widespread in recent years. It seems to me that this is due to the fact that the more complex society becomes, the more processes take place in it, the more people have the opportunity to display their deviant behavior. Therefore, this problem is in the center of attention of sociologists, social psychologists, doctors, law enforcement officials, and us ordinary people, members of society. Numerous forms of deviant behavior indicate a state of conflict between personal and social interests. Deviant behavior is most often an attempt to leave society, to escape from everyday life problems and adversities, to overcome a state of uncertainty and tension through certain compensatory forms. However, deviant behavior is not always negative. It may be associated with the individual’s desire for something new, an attempt to overcome the conservative that prevents him from moving forward. Various types of scientific, technical and artistic creativity can be classified as deviant behavior.
Deviant (deviant) (from lat. deviatio- deviation) behavior - social behavior, which does not correspond to an existing norm or set of norms accepted by a significant part of the people in a group or community.
Main forms of deviant behavior:
1) drunkenness;
2) drug addiction;
3) crime;
4) prostitution;
5) suicide (suicide).
Delinquent (from lat. delinkens- committing an offense, literally: criminal) behavior - violations of norms that fall under the category of unlawful action.
Explanation of the reasons for deviant behavior
| Explanation of deviation | Its essence | |
| Biological | People are biologically predisposed to a certain type of behavior. Moreover, a person’s biological predisposition to crime is reflected in his appearance. | |
| Psychological | Deviant behavior is a consequence psychological qualities, character traits, internal life attitudes, personality orientation, which are partly innate in nature, partly formed by upbringing and environment. At the same time, the act itself, the violation of the law, can be the result of the psychological state of the deviant. | |
| Sociological |
Anomie concept(from fr. anomie - iniquity) |
Deviant behavior is caused by the anomic state of society (anomie), i.e. the collapse existing system social values and norms regulating people's life. |
|
Stigma theory |
Deviation is determined not by behavior or a specific act, but by a group assessment, the application by other people of sanctions against those whom they consider “violators” of established norms. There are primary and secondary deviations. With primary deviation, the individual from time to time violates some social norms. However, those around him do not attach much importance to this, and he himself does not consider himself a deviant. Secondary deviation is characterized by the fact that a person is labeled as a “deviant” and begins to treat him differently from ordinary people. | |
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QUESTIONS:
1. Formulate three factors that influence the manifestation of delinquent behavior in a person, and provide them with examples.
1) Unfavorable environment, for example: a young man grew up on the street, started drinking and smoking early, got involved with bad company.
2) Crisis phenomena in society (animistic state of society), for example: during the economic crisis in the country, citizen N. began manufacturing counterfeit products to feed his family.
3) Dysfunctional family(stigmatization), for example: a young man grew up in an asocial family, his father was in prison for armed robbery, his mother drank. Those around him said about the young man that the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree; he gradually got used to this attitude and began to defiantly violate generally accepted norms.
2. In the code of laws Kievan Rus- “Russkaya Pravda” was provided with various punishments for murder. Thus, the fine for killing a tiun (steward) was enormous - it was equal to the value of a herd of 80 oxen or 400 rams. The life of a stinker or serf was valued many times less. Draw two possible conclusions about social relations society and ways of regulating them.
The following conclusions can be drawn:
1. About the social relations of society at that time:
1) there were different social groups (tiuns, smerds, serfs);
2) there was inequality (the position of different social groups differed).
2. On ways to regulate social relations:
1) legal norms (laws) were in effect that reflected the inequality existing in society and protected power;
2) since there are laws, then, consequently, there are moral, ethical and religious norms that condemn murder.
3. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Social control”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic; the plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
One option for a plan for covering this topic:
1) The concept of social control:
a) in the broad sense of the word;
b) in the narrow sense of the word.
2) Elements of social control:
a) social norms;
b) sanctions.
3) Forms of social control:
a) internal (self-control);
b) external.
4) Conscience is a manifestation of internal control.
5) Methods of social control.
6) Authorities of the Russian Federation exercising social control:
a) Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation;
b) Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation;
V) federal Service security, etc.
7) The relationship between external control and self-control.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.