Schubert's maps of the Chernihiv province of 1750. Maps of Chernihiv province

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Province Russian Empire, located on the territory of modern Left-bank Ukraine.

It was formed in 1802 as a result of the division of the Little Russian province into Chernigov and Poltava. It was located between 50°15" and 53°19"N. and 30°24" and 34°26" E

The territory of the Chernigov province - 52,396 km 2, population - 2,298,000 (according to the 1897 census); including 1,525,000 (66.4%) Ukrainians.

In 1919, 4 northern counties with a mixed Russian-Belarusian population went to the Gomel province of the RSFSR, and in 1923-1926 they were transferred to the Bryansk province.

In 1925 Chernigov province was liquidated, and its territory became part of the Glukhovsky, Konotop, Nezhinsky and Chernihiv districts of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1932, the Chernihiv region was formed on the main part of the territory of the former Chernihiv province.

From " encyclopedic dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron" 1890-1907: located between 50°15" and 53°19" north latitude and 30°24" and 34°26" east longitude; has a quadrangular shape, extended in the south, with a jagged upper left corner. The northern and southern borders of the province have an outline that is closer to straight, almost parallel lines; the mentioned cut in the upper part of the western border corresponds to two main breaks in the eastern border, giving cuts from its territory and from this side of it. The historical formation of the northern and eastern borders dates back to the 17th century, when borders were established between the Lithuanian-Polish state and Moscow on the one hand and the Little Russian Republic that arose on the left side of the Dnieper, which have not changed to this day; here Ch. Gubernia borders on Mogilev and Smolensk provinces from the north and on Oryol and Kursk from the east. The southern border - with a small section of the Kharkov province and with a long strip of Poltava - was established in 1802, when the existing late XVIII in. the provinces of Novgorod-Severskaya, Chernigov and Kyiv were divided into two - Chernigov and Poltava. A large part of the western border of Ch. province (for 258 versts) is the Dnieper, which separates it from the Kyiv and Minsk provinces, and the lower reaches of the Dnieper tributary, the Sozh (at a distance of 90 versts), which separates it from the Mogilev province. The greatest length of Ch. province in a straight direction from its northeastern corner near the city of Bryansk to the southwestern corner near the city of Kyiv is more than 350 versts, the smallest width of its area in the direction from west to east, in the interception between the Mogilev and Oryol provinces - less than 100 verst. The area of ​​Ch. province, according to the detailed general and special land surveying, carried out in 1858-1890. according to the exact and finally approved boundaries of land holdings, is 4752363 acres or 45622.3 square meters. miles. This figure is the most accurate, although it differs from that calculated by Mr. Strelbitsky on a 10-verst map of Russia (46,047 sq. versts), as it was obtained by summing up the tithes of 18,678 dachas, measured according to the actual boundaries and, moreover, minus the plots that have departed, according to the definitions of the committee ministries of 1889 and 1894, to the territory of the Kyiv and Mogilev provinces. According to the 15 uyezds into which Ch. Gubernia is divided, according to this calculation, its area in square meters. km, sq. verst is divided as follows:

1. Surazhsky-4050.5 sq. km / 3559.3 sq. miles

2. Mglinsky-3694.4 sq. km / 3246.4 sq. miles

3. Starodubsky-3420.8 sq. km / 3006.0sq. miles

4. Novozybkovsky - 3857.3 sq. km / 3389.6sq. miles

5. Gorodnyansky - 4061.9 sq. km / 3569.3kv. miles

6. Chernihiv-3667.2 sq. km / 3222.5 sq. miles

7. Sosnitsky - 4079.7 sq. km / 3585.0 sq. miles

8. Novgorod-Seversky - 3790.5 sq. km / 3330.8 sq. miles

9. Glukhovskaya - 3090.8 sq. km / 2716.0sq. miles

10. Krolevetsky - 2702.9 sq. km / 2375.1 sq. miles

11. Konotop - 2539.8 sq. km / 2231.8sq. miles

12. Borzensky -2732.1 sq. km / 2400.8 sq. miles

13. Nezhinsky -2891.8 sq. km / 2541.1 sq. miles

14. Kozeletsky - 4952.8 sq. km / 2594.7sq. miles

15. Ostersky -4385.7 sq. km / 3853.9kv. miles

Province total: 53918.2 sq. km / 45622.3kv. miles

Geography. The location of Ch. province on the left side of the Dnieper determines the structure of its surface: since the highest points of the eastern slope to the Dnieper are in Smolensk, Oryol and Kursk provinces, that is, on the watershed ridges of the Volga, Oka and Don basins from the Dnieper basin, then all snow and rain, and consequently swamp waters are directed from the northeast and east to the southwest and west along the area of ​​Ch. The highest point of its surface is located in its northeastern part, on the border of the Mglinsky and Starodubsky counties near the village of Rakhmanova - 109 fathoms (764 feet) above sea level, the lowest point near the village of Vishenki on the border of the Poltava province, below Kyiv - 42.8 fathoms (300 feet). If we divide the entire area of ​​Ch. province with a line from the town of Churovichi at the protruding corner of the Mogilev province to the city of Konotop, then the part of it lying to the northeast of this line will occupy spaces with a height of 60 and 75 to 100 fathoms above sea level; in the southwestern part, only occasionally domes of the surface are found, rising above 75-80 sazhens (near Gorodnya, Sosnitsa, Berezny, Sednev, Chernigov, Kobyzhchi, Losinovka and on the southeastern border with Romensky and Prilutsky districts of the Poltava province); other elevated spaces of this part lie at a height of 60 fathoms and above, and near the valleys of the Dnieper, Desna and Ostra they fall below 50 fathoms. With such a surface arrangement, pools major rivers, flowing into the Dnieper and its tributaries, are located as follows: the entire Surazh district and half of the Mglinsky belong to the Besed and Iput basins, which flow into the Sozh; most of Novozybkovsky and Gorodnyansky counties is located in the basin of the Snovi River, which flows into the Desna; the eastern parts of the Mglinsky and Starodubsky counties - in the basin of the Sudost, another right tributary of the Desna; Novgorod-Seversky and parts of Glukhovsky, Krolevetsky, Sosnitsky, Borzensky, Chernigov and Ostersky districts - in the basin of the Desna River and its small tributaries; parts of the Glukhovsky, Krolevetsky and Konotop counties - in the basin of the Seim, the left tributary of the Desna; parts of the Borzensky, Nezhinsky and Kozeletsky counties - in the Ostra basin, the second large tributary of the Desna; finally, the southernmost strip of the province, consisting of the southern parts of the counties of Konotop, Borzensky, Nezhinsky, Kozeletsky and Ostersky, is located in the basins of the Romna, Udai, Supoya and Trubaila rivers, directing their waters from here to the territory of the Poltava province and belonging to the basins of the Sula and Dnieper rivers . Shipping and navigation exists only on the Sozh and the Dnieper along their entire length through the territory of the province and on the Desna from Novgorod-Seversk to Kyiv; spring rafting of timber materials is also carried out along the other rivers listed above. There are 150-200 small tributaries of the latter. The watersheds between the indicated areas of the river basins everywhere have the same character: the more elevated ridges in their eastern and southern parts lie along the right banks of the rivers, to the valleys of which they form steeply descending slopes, and more gentle slopes, stretching for tens of miles, go to the west and north to the valley of the next river, forming two or three terraces, more or less hilly in relief, or else a smoother plateau. Since the basis of the mainland of Ch. province is formed by strata of the Upper Cretaceous, Lower Tertiary, and Upper Tertiary geological formations, the former being found only in outcrops of the northeastern part of the province, the latter, in the form of the Paleogene, prevails in the band lying between Starodub, Gorodnya, and Konotop, and the latter occupies the entire southwestern part of the territory of the province, then this also determines the composition of the mainland from certain soils. Loess, clayey calcareous-loamy deposits with interlayers of white-eye and erratic boulders made it possible to form the best clayey and chernozem soils with ravines, ravines and "failures" having sheer walls; ocher-yellow and gray sands, as well as greenish (glauconite) sands with sandstones lying among them suitable for millstones, kaolin and, in some places, stucco clays, constitute the second type of soil on the day surface. Both the first and the second represent thick layers several sazhens deep on the territory of Ch. The chalk formation, found in the northern strip of the province (along the Besed and Iput), as well as along the course of the Sudost and Desna to the borders of the Sosnitsky district, provides the worst soils, but stores reserves of chalk, quicklime, and phosphorites, which are used in as a fertilizer; the thickness of the outcrops of this formation on the steep banks of the Desna is also very high (for example, near Rogovka and Drobysh - 100 feet). There are, of course, along the banks of large rivers and soils of coarse-grained sands, swampy and peaty formations of later periods - the Quaternary era. Since clay soils constitute more elevated spaces, they are primarily found along the right banks of rivers; so, in the Surazh district, they stretch, although in a narrow strip (10-15 versts), almost along the entire right bank of the Iput, they are also found on the right side of the Besed; they occupy a wider space (25, 50, even 70 versts) on the right side of Sudost in the Mglinsky and Starodubsky districts, where they also produce black earth fields, quite widely spread and entering the eastern part of the Novozybkovsky district near Brakhlov and Topali; in the same way they accompany the right side of the Desna (versts 20-30, 35 wide), in the direction from Novgorod-Seversk to Sosnitsa and Chernigov, as well as intermittent spots and the right bank of the Snovi - near Churovichi, Gorodnya, Tupichev. Here, places with clay almost chernozem and completely chernozem soil, in contrast to the surrounding sandy spaces overgrown with forest, are called "stepki", that is, as if in a miniature form resembling a "steppe" lying on the other side of the Desna and connecting with chernozem fields Poltava province. This Zadesa "steppe" (separated by a strip of sands near the Desenska, occupying a wide space opposite Novgorod-Seversk and then narrowing) is also not continuous, for it is interrupted by strips of sandy soils located near the Seima, Udai, Ostra, Trubaila and Dnieper rivers opposite Kyiv. These branches of it represent special types of chernozem and dark loamy soils: in Glukhovsky and partly Krolevetsky counties, chernozem is located on domed hills that spread widely and resemble the "steppes" of the middle part of the province; in the Zadesene of the Chernigov district, which merges with the northern parts of the Nezhinsky and Kozeletsky districts and represents a fairly flat plateau, the soils can more likely be called heavy loam, requiring three times plowing with a plow, than chernozem. These soils, according to their classification by Chernigov Zemstvo statisticians, are called "gray"; they also named the smooth black earth fields of the northern parts of the Kozeletsky, Nezhinsky and Borzensky counties; only the southernmost parts of these uyezds, and especially Borzen and Konotop uyezds, are classified by them as “typical” chernozem, which, according to Dokuchaev’s classification of Poltava soils, is marked IA and B. With such an arrangement of hard clay soils across the territory of Ch., loose sandy and sulfur-sandy lands distributed over vast expanses, especially in its northern part. So, they occupy the entire Surazhsky district, except for the designated spots of clay soils, the western outskirts of Mglinsky and its eastern strip beyond Sudost, the entire area of ​​the Novozybkovsky district, with the exception of the above spots, the southwestern part of Starodubsky, vast expanses of Novgorod-Seversky on both sides of the Desna, Sosnitsky and Gorodnyansky (with the exception of "stepki") and a wide strip of the Dnieper coast in Gorodnyansky, Chernigov and Ostersky counties. The latter is occupied by sandy soils on both sides of the Desna almost entirely, except for a small southwestern section of it, adjacent to the Poltava province. In the southern (Zadesensky) part of the province, sands are inferior in their prevalence to denser clayey gray and chernozem soils, occupying only stripes above existing and extinct rivers, where they are mixed with silty and peaty bogs, bearing the names "lepeshnikov", "mlak" , "gals" and just swamps. Similar swamps are also found in the northern part of the province, where they form so-called "squashy" places around themselves, which is why the worst low soils in Ch. In the southern part of the province, among the chernozem fields on hollows that do not have a runoff, the place corresponding to the depressions of the northern wooded part is occupied by "salt licks" - also the worst sort of soil. The location of lands and salt licks, as well as peat bogs, can be somewhat determined in short essay listing the location of swampy places on the territory of the province. In the Sozh basin, i.e. Surazh district, from large swamps, Kazhanovskoye can be mentioned, which contains large deposits of the "underground tree" of forests that once grew here, and Lake Dragotimel. In the Sudosti basin - Nizhnevskoe, Andreykovichskoe and Grinevskoe swamps in Starodubsky district; the river Snov flows out of the Ratovsky swamp and then forms the Irzhavskoe swamp in its middle course. In the Gorodnyansky district, the Zamglai swamp, 55 versts long and up to 6-7 versts wide, represents a special basin, the waters of which flow in different directions, flowing into the Desna in the south-southeast, and into the Dnieper in the west-north-west; the Smolyanka swamp in the Nezhinsky district has almost the same character, the waters of which flow down on one side into the Oster River, and on the other side are connected near the "gal" with the waters of the Desna; The Khimovskie swamps in the same county, during the spring flood of melting snows, also carry their waters to the Uday system, connecting with the Doroginsky marshes, and to the Oster river system. In the basin of the latter, one can count up to a dozen small swamps, and along the course of the Desna - up to a dozen in Kralevetsky, Sosnitsky and Borzensky counties; the largest of them are Daughter, Smolyazh, Galchin. Along the course of the Dnieper in the Gorodnyansky district there is a large swamp Paristoe, and in Ostersky - Otter, Mesha, Mnevo, Vistula and up to 10 smaller ones. Finally, on the Trubaile or Trubezh, like a dying river, on both sides of the "virs", i.e. channels, there is a rather large peaty swamp, along which, from the station railway Zavorich to the border of the Poltava province, by the provincial zemstvo, under the leadership of a member of the council A.P. Shlikevich, from 1895 to 1899, drainage work was carried out. A canal 28 versts long, drawn through this swamp, improved hayfields in the areas adjacent to it; the canal dug earlier by one private person on the opposite side of the Desna from Chernigov, near the village of Anisov, had the same significance. Other swamps are still in their original state and are considered inconvenient lands, like "nekosi". Forests are in the same situation, they are cut down not for the purpose of returning new thickets to the log cabins, but for the purpose of converting a certain part of their area into arable and hay lands. On average, 11-13 thousand acres of forests are cut down per year; and since, according to land surveying data, there were 1,113,811 acres of forest in the entire province, it turns out that about 1% of the forest area is cut down per year and, therefore, with a proper forestry system, it would be possible to provide the residents of the province with local construction, ornamental and firewood materials forever. If, due to the existing operation forest spaces, to consider forests, pastures and all other lands that are uncultivated and considered inconvenient as the spare area of ​​​​the Ch. province, arable and farmstead cultivated - food area, and hayfields and pastures - fodder, then according to the land surveying of 1860-1890. we get the following space of these 3 areas for the entire province:

Food - 2485386 acres, or 52.3%

Fodder - 906880 acres, or 19.1%

Spare - 1360097 acres, or 28.6%

Total: 4,752,363 acres or 100.0%

Four southern counties (Kozeletsky, Nezhinsky, Borzensky and Konotopsky) are distinguished by the predominance of the food area, which occupies 65-72% of them; Surazhsky, Gorodnyansky, Sosnitsky and Ostersky counties are the most wooded and at the same time grassy counties, in which the fodder area is 22-24%, and the reserve 35-40%. The distribution of land in the remaining 7 counties is more or less close to the average for the province. The forest cover of the Konotop uyezd is expressed as 8.2%, so that it is completely steppe and, having relatively better black earth soil, is considered the breadbasket of the Chechen province. The best hay is collected in flooded, but not wet meadows ("rooms") along the middle reaches of the Desna in Sosnitsky and Borzensky districts, from where it is exported to England in a compressed form. The best forests are scattered in plots in the possessions of the treasury and a few enlightened large forest owners whose forestry, reforestation and afforestation have reached the highest perfection.

Climate information is extremely scarce. From 10-year meteorological observations made since 1885 in the city of Nizhyn, it can be seen that in this city the temperature of winter is -6.5°, spring +6.8°, summer +18.5° and autumn +6.9 °; the average temperature in January is -8°, and in July +20.1°; the first matinees on average are noticed around September 21, and the last - around May 11; the average opening time of Ostra is April 3 (according to the new style), and its freezing occurs between November 6 and 27; out of 365 days of the year, 239 are completely free from frost, and 126 days with temperatures below zero; cases of the largest annual temperature change in 11 years gave an absolute maximum figure of +34.9° in July and -29.6° in December. The months of February and December give the greatest variability in air pressure, but largest number winds (especially southwestern) occur in April and May; Cloudiness and raininess is expressed by 55 quite clear days throughout the year, 118 rainy days and 566 mm of precipitation per year, with a predominance of precipitation and rainy days in June and July and an average rainfall of 4.7 mm per rain. Observations for somewhat shorter periods than 10 years, made in the village of Krasny Kolyadin, Konotop district, in the cities of Chernigov and Novozybkov, show that the average annual temperature in the northern part of the province is 1 ° lower than in Nezhin (5.4 ° instead of 6, 6°), and that the annual precipitation nowhere falls below 500 mm, indicate that Ch. Gubernia should be attributed to the zone of central Russia, and not to the south, where there are more clear days and the annual temperature reaches 9-10°. Only can the southernmost part of the province be called belonging to South Russia, which is also evident from the time of freezing and opening of the rivers: while the Desna near Novgorod-Seversk opens on average on April 5 and freezes on December 3, remaining ice-free for 242 days, the Dnieper near Kyiv opens on March 27, and freezes on December 19, remaining free of ice for 267 days, i.e. 2 weeks more.

Flora Ch. of the province, depending on the specified properties of the soil and climate, also represents transitions from the types of vegetation of the southern steppe region to the flora of the Central Russian taiga zone. In the northern counties there are also spruce and pine forests, occupying considerable areas; in the south, hard species of oak, ash, maple, hornbeam, birch bark with hazel in the form of shrubs predominate. The southern border of the distribution of spruce and juniper runs through the middle of Ch. Gubernia; therefore, in the northern counties, spruce is also only a species subordinate to pine in a mixture with birch, aspen, linden, osokor, alder, mountain ash and those shrubs and semi-shrubs and herbaceous plants, the symbiosis of which is characteristic of pine forests (willow, wild rosemary, cranberries, stone berries, lingonberries, heather, bracken, hops, reeds and blueberries). Pine is found everywhere, i.e., in the south, but it, like its other forest companions, occupies here the left terraces of the rivers, sandy, while their steeply rising right banks with solid soil are covered not with "pine forest", but with "oak trees" with hardwood deciduous forests; the low places of the river valleys, besides the reeds, are overgrown with willow, alder, birch, viburnum, vine, and in this case are called "islands". Just like the forest and herbaceous vegetation of the northern and southern parts of the province, there are two types: while in the south, in the treeless steppe, such lean bristly grasses as couch grass, tipets, thin-legged grasses predominate, and in fields abandoned for a long time, even tyrsa or feather grass, - in the northern wooded part, as well as along the river valleys, making their way into the steppe region, meadow and marsh grasses prevail: Poa, festuca, phleum, briza, dactylis, trifolium, ranunculus, plantago, lychis, rumex, fragmites calamagrostes, scirpi and moss sphagnum, hypnum, and so on. The same diversity that characterizes the flora of Ch. province can be seen in the fauna. Of the wild animals, the extermination of which was devoted to the Middle Ages, in the northern part of the province, representatives of the taiga zone, such as beaver, elk, lynx, goat, wild boar, veksha, are occasionally encountered, and on the other hand, in its steppe part there are also characteristic representatives of more southern regions, such as havrashkas (gophers), bobaks, jerboas, thors, etc. The kingdom of birds also gives the forest cuckoo, and steppe rooks, and eagles; the fish of the Ch. province are all warm-water, i.e., characteristic of waters that have been significantly heated since spring: both migratory, coming from the sea to the Dnieper basin only for spawning, and constantly living in it - the same as in other river basins Black Sea, and out of 57 species of them - 30 such as live in Europe east of the Rhine; in spring they diverge from the Dnieper to all its tributaries, and with the fall of the waters they remain in swamps, puddles, vira, old women, sagas and flood pits, cut off from the main channel. Migratory birds and fish (storks, cranes, geese, sterlets, sturgeons, etc.) temporarily staying in the waters of the Ch. province are the same as in the rest of Russia ....

In 1781, during the administrative reform of Catherine the Second from the Little Russian province, Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk governorships were formed (after the liquidation of the old administrative units - Nezhinsky, Starodubsky and Chernigov regiments). Chernihiv governorship consisted of 12 counties, Novgorod-Seversky - from 11. In the history of Left-bank Ukraine and southwestern Rus', this region was called Severshchina. Under Peter the Great, during the first provincial reform in 1708, the local lands were included in the vast Kyiv province. After the withdrawal from its composition in 1728 of the lands transferred to the Belgorod province (the provinces of Belgorod, Oryol, Sevskaya), as part of the Kyiv province, which retained the former Administrative division on the shelves, there were 10 regiments, including Starodubsky, Poltava, Chernigov, etc., under Catherine the Second (in 1764), they made up the Little Russian province with the administrative center, first in the city of Glukhov, then in Kozelts and, finally, in Kyiv.

This map is available in high resolution.

• maps of Borznyansky uyezd
• maps of Glukhovsky district
• maps of Gorodnyansky uyezd
• maps of Kozeletsky district
• maps of Konotop district
• maps of Krolevets uyezd
• maps of Mglinsky uyezd
• maps of Nezhinsky district
• maps of Novgorod-Seversky district
• maps of Novozybkovsky district
• Oster county maps
• maps of Sosnitsky district
• maps of Starodubsky uyezd
• Surazh county maps
• maps of Chernihiv district

In the Chernihiv province, in whole or in part
There are the following maps and sources:
(with the exception of those indicated on the main page of general
all-Russian atlases, in which this province can also be)

Military 3d layout 1880s
military 3-d layout - topographic military b/w map of the province, filmed in the 1880s and printed in the early 1900s. Scale 1 cm = 1260 m. Map b/w, detailed.

Special land survey (1800s)
The survey map is non-topographic (no latitudes and longitudes are indicated on it), a hand-drawn map of the last decades of the 18th century, very detailed. Boundary plans for this province were not drawn and general surveying was not carried out, it began to be surveyed in the 1830s and 40s and is available for digitization on order only in the form of late summer cottage plans, and then probably not for the entire territory.

Lists of populated places in the Chernihiv province, 1866
This is a universal reference book containing the following information:
- the status of the settlement (village, village, village - owner or state, i.e. state);
- the location of the settlement (in relation to the nearest tract, camp, at a well, pond, stream, river or river);
- the number of households in the settlement and its population (the number of men and women separately);
- distance from the county town and camp apartment (centre of camp) in versts;
- the presence of a church, a chapel, a mill, etc.
The book has 196 pages plus additional information.

With the accession of Paul the First, the Chernigov governorate was reorganized into the Little Russian province of 20 povets (districts): Novgorod-Seversky, Starodub, Chernigov, and others by merging the lands of the former Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversky governorships. Under Alexander the First in 1802, by dividing into two parts, the Little Russian province was again reorganized into the Chernigov province (at the same time, the Poltava province was separated from the Little Russian province). Subsequently, the Chernihiv province consisted of 15 approximately equal territories of counties, the largest of which was Kozeletsky, and the smallest - Konotop.

Maps available for free download

Maps are not available for free download, about getting maps - write to mail or ICQ

Historical information on the province

Chernihiv province - the province of the Russian Empire, located on the territory of modern Left-bank Ukraine. It was formed in 1802 as a result of the division of the Little Russian province into Chernigov and Poltava. It was located between 50°15" and 53°19"N. and 30°24" and 34°26" E

The territory of the Chernihiv province - 52,396 km2, population - 2,298,000 (according to the 1897 census); including 1,525,000 (91.8%) Little Russians.

In 1919, 4 northern counties with a mixed Ukrainian-Belarusian-Russian population went to the Gomel province (since 1926 they have been part of the Bryansk province of the RSFSR).

In 1925, the Chernigov province was liquidated, and its territory became part of the Glukhovsky, Konotop, Nezhinsky and Chernigov districts of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1932, the Chernihiv region was formed on the main part of the territory of the former Chernihiv province.

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This map of the Chernihiv province, created in 1821, is included in "Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Finland", which includes 60 maps of the Russian Empire. The atlas was compiled and engraved by Colonel V.P. Pyadyshev and serves as evidence of how carefully and in detail the maps were compiled by Russian military cartographers in the first quarter of the 19th century. The map shows settlements(seven types depending on size), post stations, monasteries, factories, taverns, roads (four types), state, provincial and district borders. Distances are given in versts; The verst was a Russian unit of length, equal to 1.07 kilometers, and has now fallen into disuse. Symbols and geographical names are given in Russian and French. The area depicted on the map is currently located in the northeastern part of Ukraine and the southwestern part of Russia. Chernihiv, probably founded in the 9th century, was one of the most important cities and centers of culture in the era Kievan Rus, from the beginning of the XI to the beginning of the XIII centuries. Sometimes the princes of Chernigov competed with the great princes of Kyiv. AT early XIII century Chernihiv was plundered by the Mongols under the leadership of Batu Khan, after which the city lost its former status and influence. Later, Lithuania fought for control of the region, Moscow state, Poland and the Crimean khans. In the 17th century, the Zaporizhzhya Sich (Cossack hetmanate) achieved more significant political independence, associated with its historical role in protecting the southern border lands from Tatar raids. At the same time, the hetmanate enjoyed wider powers only at the local level, remaining an object of manipulation by larger neighboring powers. In an effort to protect his lands from the Poles, Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky turned to the Russian Tsar and in 1654 concluded the Pereyaslav Treaty of a military alliance with the Moscow state. As a result of the Russo-Polish War that followed, the Treaty of Andrusov was concluded (1667), which actually divided the Hetmanate into Left-Bank and Right-Bank Ukraine, located on opposite banks of the Dnieper. The population of the Left-Bank Ukraine, which became the center of the Chernihiv Governorate within the Russian Empire, was more Russified and Orthodox than the inhabitants of the Catholic Right-Bank Ukraine, which came under Polish control. Initially, the Zaporozhye Host was granted temporary autonomy, but the Russian tsars increasingly infringed on its independence. In 1764, Catherine the Great finally abolished the power of the hetman, and by 1775 the hetmanship was disbanded.