Unionless are such complex sentences in which the parts are connected only by intonation. The main feature of such complex structures is the absence of alliances. Instead, they use punctuation marks in the BSP.
general characteristics
Between the sentences in the BSP, semantic relations are established, similar to the relations in the allied sentences: complex and complex.
For example:
- Night was falling, the forest was moving closer to the fire. INthe sentence reveals semantic relations of enumeration of simultaneously occurring events.
- One fine day the pickets, knocking down from the running, bring the news: the fortress is surrendered. In this sentence, the semantic relations are similar to the explanatory ones.
- He spoke the truth - they did not believe him.The proposal combines temporary, concessive and adversarial relationships.
Depending on how the parts relate to each other in meaning, there are BSPs with different Examples given above, serve as evidence of this. Depending on this, non-union complex sentences are divided into three groups.
BSP with comma and semicolon
There are several punctuation features associated with non-union sentences. In particular, there are two rules governing the use of a comma and a semicolon in a sentence.
In the BSP. Table with examples |
|
A comma in the BSP is put, if there is a listing of certain facts, you can use the union and... In this case, the intonation when reading will be enumerating, and before each comma you need to make a short pause. | My head was spinning, the stars danced in my eyes. My head is spinning and stars danced in my eyes. |
If the sentence is widespread and has its own commas inside (homogeneous members, separate members, introductory words and references), then it is separated from the other part by a semicolon. | Green frogs are jumping on stones near the stream; on the largest stone lies, basking in the sun, a golden one. |
Should I choose a comma or semicolon?
If the rule is well understood and learned, then you can easily cope with the following exercises:
1.Explain the setting of the semicolon:
1) The sun rises, cheerful and radiant from the cold; the window glows with a gleam.
2) All morning, clean and bright, colors sparkled; frosty chrysanthemums glittered on the window for half a day.
2. What are the missing punctuation marks in BSP in brackets?
A happy, irreversible time - childhood! How not to love the memories of her? They are so refreshing and uplifting my soul.
You run to your fill (…) you sit at the table on your chair (…) it's already late (…) a cup of milk has been drunk for a long time (…) sleep obscures your eyes (…) but you don't move (…) you sit and listen. Mom is talking to someone (…) her voice is so sweet (…) so friendly. The sound of my mother's voice speaks so much to my heart, so echoes in my soul!
With foggy eyes, I gaze intently into her sweet face (...) suddenly she becomes all small - her face becomes no larger than a button (...) but I still see him clearly. I love to see her so tiny. I squint my eyes even harder (...) she is no longer than those boys (...) which are in the pupils (...) when you look closely in the eyes (...) but then I moved - and the miracle disappeared (...) I narrow my eyes again (... ) I try in every possible way to renew the vision (…) but in vain.
BSP with dash
Punctuation marks in BSP directly depend on the semantic relationship of its parts. To set a dash in non-union sentences, one of the conditions given in the table must be present.
Punctuation marks in BSP. Dash setting table with examples |
|
Conditions for using the dash | |
I'm glad to understand you - understand me too. (I am glad to understand you, but understand me too). |
|
One sentence contains an indication of the time or condition of what is said in the other sentence. You can put a comma and conjunctions IF and WHEN. | If it rains, we will cancel the trip. (If it rains, we will cancel the hike. When it rains, we will cancel the hike). |
The second sentence contains a conclusion or consequence of what is said in the first sentence. You can put a comma and conjunctions FOR THIS or SO WHAT. | There is a lot to be done tomorrow - you have to get up early. (There is a lot to be done tomorrow, so get up early.) |
If a fast change of events is drawn in the sentence. You can put a comma and the union I. | There was a loud stomp - everything was silent. (There was a loud stomp, and everything was silent). |
Dash or not dash?
1. What punctuation marks are used in the BSP below?
1) The teacher ordered to submit the diary (...) I didn't have the diary.
2) There is a terrible stuffiness (...) by nightfall there will be a thunderstorm.
3) She sat down in the wagon near the hussar (…) the driver whistled (…) the horses rushed off.
4) There was a shout (...) he started to run.
5) You chase after the big (...) you will lose the little.
2. The text contains a BSP with different punctuation marks. With which?
A song was heard (...) the voices immediately ceased (...) the prodding subsided (...) and the whole train moved on in silence (...) only the clatter of wheels and the sound of mud under horse hooves could be heard at these minutes (...) when the words of a sad song were sounded.
3. In which sentence is a dash?
1) The sun has already set, but it is still light in the forest (…) the air is so clean and transparent (…) the birds are chirping and whistling (…) the young grass shines like emerald.
2) At heart I have fun and festively (…) spring is in the yard (…) and the air is so clean and transparent (…) the birds chirp madly and joyfully (…) young grass is breaking through.
BSP with colon
Intonation plays a huge role in determining the connection between parts in the BSP. If at the end of the first part it is necessary to raise the tone of the voice, then for sure you need to put a colon. So it turns out that punctuation marks in BSP depend on intonation. But semantic relationships are of paramount importance. Consider the conditions for setting the colon.
Punctuation marks in BSP. Colon examples table |
|
Colon staging conditions | |
The second sentence states the reason for what the first sentence says. You can put a comma and the union BECAUSE. | I did not like rainy weather: it drove me into melancholy. (I disliked rainy weather, because it drove me into melancholy). |
One sentence serves to clarify the other, reveals its content. You can put a comma and the introductory word A EXACTLY, then the colon will appear after this word. | A riot of colors reigns in the field: among the bright green grass, chamomile bushes whiten with fragrant snowdrifts, small carnation stars shine, and sometimes shy cornflower eyes peep out. (A riot of colors reigns in the field, namely: amid the bright green grass, chamomile bushes whiten with fragrant snowdrifts, small carnation stars shine, occasionally shy cornflower eyes peep out). |
The second sentence complements the first. In this case, you can put a comma and the union HOW, WHAT or SEE WHAT between the sentences. | I feel: carefully, as if fearing something, fingers slowly move up to the shoulder. (I can feel my fingers slowly moving up to my shoulder, as if in fear of something). |
Colon or not colon?
In this case, there are also rules.
1. Which ones are missing in the sentence?
Somehow it happened (...) that Vera left ahead of schedule (...) but now it did not frighten Sergei at all (...) he knew (...) that his father and everyone else would be back in the evening.
2. Arrange the punctuation marks in the BSP. Examples of sentences are given below.
1) The picture has changed (...) already on the white tablecloth of the fields, in some places, black spots and stripes of thawed earth were visible.
2) I really liked listening to the girl (...) she painted to me about the world unknown to me.
3) A little bit more (...) her eyes will come to life, a smile will bloom on her face.
4) I looked out the window (...) the stars flared up brightly in the cleared sky.
5) How many years have I served (...) this has not happened to me yet.
Let's summarize the studied
BSPs are a complex system that includes four types of sentences, depending on the punctuation marks between the parts of the complex sentence - comma, semicolon, colon, dash.
Punctuation marks in BSP. Table with examples |
|||
semicolon | colon |
||
A shot slammed, then a machine gun crackled. | Near the door I saw a boy who turned blue from the cold; he was wearing wet clothes that had stuck to his body; he was barefoot, and his little feet were covered in mud as in socks; a shiver went through me from head to toe at the sight of him. | In the summer, the trees merged into one green mass - in the fall, each stands separately, by itself. Dawn began to dawn - we woke up and went out into the street. Life without joy is a day without the sun. If you give - I won't take it. | Here's what I'll do: I'll come with a detachment at night, set fire to explosives and raise that house, that is, the research station, into the air. He thought to himself: the doctor should be called. The bird could not fly: its wing was broken. |
BSP with punctuation marks. The rule |
|||
A comma is used if sentences with connecting relations. | A semicolon is put if sentences with connecting relations have their own commas inside. | A dash is put if sentences with opposing, temporary, comparative, concessive, investigative relations. | A colon is put if sentences with explanatory, additional, causal relationships. |
What is the difference between punctuation marks in SSP, SPP, BSP
Relationships are established between the parts of the BSP, similar to the relationships found in union sentences: complex and complex.
Unionless | |
A floorboard creaked in one corner, a door creaked. | A floorboard creaked in one corner and a door creaked (SSP). |
It was already evening, the sun disappeared behind the pine grove, which was behind the garden; her shadow ran endlessly across the fields. | It was already evening, the sun disappeared behind the pine grove, which was behind the garden, and its shadow ran endlessly across the fields. |
He felt ashamed to kill an unarmed man - he thought and lowered his gun. | He felt ashamed to kill an unarmed man, so he thought about it and lowered his gun. |
I entered the hut: two benches along the walls and a large chest near the stove made up its entire furnishings. | I entered the hut and saw that two benches along the walls and a large chest near the stove made up its entire furnishings. |
As can be seen from the table, the setting of punctuation marks in BSP is much richer than in union sentences, which only use commas. But in allied constructions, the semantic relations of the parts are clear and clear, thanks to the unions:
- simultaneity, consistency - the union And;
- the reason is the union BECAUSE;
- the consequence is a union THEREFORE;
- comparison - the union AS;
- time - union WHEN;
- conditions - union IF;
- addition - the union WHAT;
- explanation - the union that IS;
- opposition - A.
The placement of punctuation marks in the BSP is needed to express semantic relationships between sentences, they serve as unions.
Examples of BSP
Examples illustrate BSP options:
- with conditional relationships: If you stay here for a day, then you will find out.
- with temporary relationships: If you handle it, we will transfer you to the leadership.
- with the meaning of the consequence: The rain is over - you can move on.
- with conditional relationships: the sun is shining - we are working, it is raining - we are resting.
- with concessional attitudes: I would have such a dog - I don't need a cow.
- with adversarial relationships: The city is beautiful - a country mile to me.
- with a connecting relationship: a man sitting at a table talking on the phone; the child was still asleep on the couch.
- with an explanatory relationship: I advise you: do not lift other people's wallets.
- with the relations of the consequences: The land was needed for crops: we had to plow the gardens.
- with explanatory relationships: Occasionally voices were heard: late pedestrians were returning home.
- with a relationship of reason: We must give him his due - he was very hot, bold and persistent.
- with a relationship of comparison: It is not the wind that makes noise in the open, it is not the sea that rages in a storm - my heart yearns for my homeland, there is no peace and happiness in it.
An example of an OGE task
Among the proposals, you need to find complex ones with a non-union connection between parts:
1) The Holy Sea - this is what Baikal has been called for a long time. 2) Let's not assure that there is nothing better in the world than Baikal: everyone is free to love something of their own, and for the Eskimo his tundra is the crown of creation. 3) We love pictures of our native land from a young age, they define our very essence. 4) And it is not enough to think that they are dear to us, they are our part. 5) You can't compare icy Greenland with the hot sands of the Sahara, the taiga of Siberia with the steppes of the Central Russian strip, the Caspian with Baikal, but you can convey your impressions of them.
6) But still, Nature has her favorites, which she creates with special care and endows with special attractiveness. 7) Such a creation is undoubtedly Baikal.
8) Even if we do not even talk about its wealth, Baikal is glorious for others - for its wonderful power, timeless reserved power.
9) I remember how my friend and I went far along the shore of our sea. 10) It was the beginning of August, the most blessed time, when the water has warmed up, the hills are raging with different colors, when the sun makes the fallen snow shine on the distant Sayan mountains, when Baikal, having stocked up with water from melted glaciers, lies sated and calm, gaining strength for autumn storms, when fish splashing merrily to the cries of seagulls.
EVLADENKO IGOR NIKOLAEVICH
TEACHER OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
MSI "MIRONOVSKAYA SECONDARY SCHOOL"
TAYINSHINSKY DISTRICT
NORTH-KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Test. Unionless complex sentences.
Attention! Several correct answers are possible.
Punctuation marks omitted.
1. Specify a BSP with the enumeration value.
A) Measure seven times, cut once.
B) The snowstorm did not subside; the sky did not clear up.
C) I'm not sad with my friend.
D) He thought he smelled it smells like honey.
E) Doors and windows are wide open in the garden leaf does not move.
2. Specify a BSP with a match value.
A) It was not only grief, it was a complete life change.
B) The oak sticks to the ground, the reed fell.
C) Hands numb breathing was interrupted by wheezing chest.
D) A terrible thought flashed in my mind, I imagined it in the hands of the robbers.
E) Do you like to ride and carry sleds.
3. Indicate BSP with the meaning of explanatory relations.
A) You will get nothing if you kill.
B) Grushnitsky turns around.
C) It occurred to me why mother is sleeping so soundly?
D) Oblomov looked around before him stood Stolz.
E) The grass underfoot is strewn with dew; birds are sleeping.
4. Specify BSP with conditionality value.
A) Somewhere a door creaked, cautious steps were heard.
B) So decided I will not show fear.
C) You will be punished if you delay.
D) We decided not to surrender to the enemy.
E) Who will enter, jump out the window.
5. Indicate BSP with the meaning of attributive relations.
A) At the end of the quarter, I solved quite 3s.
B) I know for sure you have talent.
C) Like all Moscow, your father would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks.
D) He raised his head high in the sky as a caravan of cranes was sailing.
E) He is a guest I am the host.
6. Indicate the BSP with the value of the cause-effect relationship.
A) Sometimes the horses fell through the belly, the soil was very viscous.
B) The rich cannot sleep. The rich is afraid of the thief.
C) Through a dream, the persistent thought of robbing the shop and bringing the horses began to disturb.
D) I could not sleep in front of me in the darkness, a boy with white eyes was spinning.
E) Barbara listened to the noise of the evening train.
7. Specify BSP with the value of temporal relations.
A) Defeat a stone house and build it.
B) One day he woke up and sees cancer right in front of his hole.
C) I went here rye was starting to turn yellow.
D) The puddles glittered in the rays of the early sun.
E) The arable land is plowed without waving.
8. Enter a BSP with a comparison value.
A) It was scary to touch cloths, canvases and household materials, they turned to dust.
B) The nightingale sings the word.
C) Looks like a ruble will give.
D) Wheels squeak, oxen mooing, drivers shout.
E) I know nothing can kill a living soul.
9. Indicate the BSP with the meaning of the investigation.
A) I'm dying I have nothing to lie to.
B) Here are our terms and conditions, you deny it.
C) Alexey decided to delay it enough.
D) Suddenly I feel someone takes my hand and pushes me.
E) The phone was ringing incessantly, I had to pick up the phone.
10. Specify the BSP with the fast change of events value.
A) In the evening you walk through the village and you will not meet anyone.
B) I came to meet you.
C) The cheese fell out with it was a cheat like this.
D) He raised his hand all froze.
E) I like to draw and draw for health.
11. Specify the BSP with the explanation value.
A) From an early age, Tatyana was kept in a black body, she worked for two and never saw any affection.
B) Silence in the house was gradually broken in one corner, somewhere a door creaked, someone's footsteps were heard across the yard, someone sneezed.
C) Crossbills creak, titmice, laughs, cuckoo, whistles, oriole ...
D) For sixteen years in my service, this has not happened to me.
E) Seryozhka was silent, he did not like verbal oaths and assurances.
12. Specify the number of punctuation marks in the BSP.
He noticed some particular dilapidation on all the village buildings. The logs on the huts were dark and old, many roofs shone like a sieve; on others, only a ridge remained at the top and poles on the sides in the form of ribs.
13. Indicate the BSP with the missing dash.
A) In the huts and yards it was empty, everyone went to the gardens to dig potatoes.
B) I am convinced people will live without wars.
C) If he had not come then everything would have been different now.
D) She stood for a long time tired legs and eyes.
E) I tried to walk, my legs buckled.
14. Specify BSP with missing colon.
A) Finches arrived, the forest came to life.
B) The weather was awful, the wind was howling wet snow was falling in flakes.
C) I called out to the owners, no one answered me.
D) The nanny can't sleep here so stuffy.
E) Come to the theater.
15. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the BSP.
The correct way is to learn what your predecessors did and move on.
§ 1 Unionless complex sentence with enumeration value
In this lesson, we will expand our knowledge of non-union complex sentences, learn how to establish semantic connections between simple sentences in non-union structures, depending on the intonation in oral speech, systematize the knowledge of the setting of a comma and semicolon in a non-union complex sentence and a simple one with homogeneous members.
It is known that
a non-union complex sentence is such a complex sentence in which its equal parts are interconnected only in meaning and by means of intonation, i.e. without the help of conjunctions and union words.
For example, in a complex non-union sentence
simple sentences are united by content (general theme) and intonation with the meaning of the reason.
The connection between simple sentences in the non-union complex is expressed using different semantic relations based on different types of intonation. In this regard, non-union complex sentences are distinguished with the meaning of enumeration, explanation, addition, cause, condition, time, comparison and effect.
Let us dwell in more detail on non-union complex sentences with the meaning of enumeration.
In such sentences, the simultaneity or sequence of facts, events, phenomena is expressed, and they are characterized by enumerative intonation.
§ 2 Comma and semicolon in a non-union complex sentence
A comma is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence with the meaning of enumeration when writing, and a pause is clearly felt in oral speech.
For example:
As a rule, in such sentences the predicates are expressed by verbs of the same kind and in the same tense - they made noise, left, lit up - the verbs of the perfect kind are in the past tense.
If parts of a non-union complex sentence are much widespread and have commas or other punctuation marks inside them, then a semicolon is placed between them.
For example:
Sometimes a semicolon is also put in the case when the parts of a non-union complex sentence are less interconnected in meaning, that is, more independent.
For example:
Placing a semicolon requires a significant pause between sentences and an obvious drop in voice, almost like a period. In addition, such sentences are read in slow motion, in a calm and somewhat lowered voice.
§ 3 Use of non-union complex sentences with enumeration intonation
Unionless complex sentences with enumeration intonation are often used by word masters to describe nature. Let us listen to the wonderful lines of the famous artist of the words of I.S. Turgenev.
It's fun to wade along the narrow path, between two walls of high rye. The ears quietly beat you in the face, cornflowers cling to your legs, quails scream all around, the horse runs at a lazy trot. Here is the forest. Shadow and silence. Stately aspens babble high above you; long, hanging branches of birches barely move; a mighty oak stands like a fighter next to a beautiful linden tree.
§ 4 Unionless complex sentences with enumeration intonation and simple sentences with homogeneous members
It is necessary to distinguish between non-union complex sentences with enumerative intonation and simple sentences with homogeneous members, also associated with enumeration intonation.
Compare:
Everything stirred, woke up, began to sing, rustled, began to speak.
A simple sentence with homogeneous predicates began to stir, woke up, began to sing, rustled, spoke.
A complex non-union sentence, consists of three simple ones.
§ 5 Summary of the lesson
Thus, the ability to establish semantic relations between parts of a non-union complex sentence and to determine the intonational features of these sentences is necessary for the correct choice of punctuation marks in these structures.
List of used literature:
- D.E. Rosenthal Practical stylistics of the Russian language: Textbook for universities. - M .: Higher school, 1977.- 316s.
- Egorova N.V. Lesson studies in the Russian language: a universal guide. Grade 9. - M .: VAKO, 2007 .-- 224p.
- Bogdanova G.A. Russian lessons in grade 9: a book for the teacher. - M .: Education, 2007 .-- 171p.
- Baranov M.T. Russian language: Reference materials: a manual for students. - M .: Education, 2007 .-- 285p.
To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
BSP with enumeration value. Comma and semicolon in BSP
Repetition Which sentences are non-union? Unionless is a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected only with the help of intonation, without the help of allied words and alliances. The semantic relations between the parts in the BSP are expressed less clearly than in the union proposals. What meanings can non-union sentences express? Lists, comparisons, causal, explanations, conditional, with an equal, etc.
Determine what values \u200b\u200bare expressed in these sentences. 1) The sun was burning like yesterday, the air was still and dull. Enumerated; with oyuz AND 2) Do not leave me: I am so happy with you. Causal; union SO AS 3) Summer is in store, winter eats. Comparative; with union A
Determine what values \u200b\u200bare expressed in these sentences. 4) Somewhere across the river a cart creaked sadly, gophers whistled. Enumerated; with oyuz I 5) I like to draw - draw for health. Conditioning; union IF 6) I looked around: the night was solemn and regal. Explanatory; with the union WHAT + saw
It rains, the winter is bright green. , Punctuation marks in BSP. The third is put: between the parts of a non-union complex sentence, if its parts are related to the thought and they list the facts. It is possible to insert the union of I.
The sun was just beginning to rise from behind the clouds; the air was fresh and dewy. ; Punctuation marks in BSP. Use a semicolon: If parts of the BSP are less closely related in meaning. If its parts are significantly widespread and have commas inside them.
SIGNS OF DREAMING IN BSP [- \u003d], [- \u003d] [- \u003d]; [- \u003d] The parts are closely related, the intonation of the enumeration. Substitution of the union I. Parts of the sentence are less closely related, common, have commas inside.
Reinforcement: Explain the placement of punctuation marks 1) Streets expanded, wide highways made their way, ancient walls collapsed. 2) The sun was scorching, dazzlingly reflected in the dark water, the reeds rustled, blue velvet dragonflies silently flew from one pine tree to another.
Reinforcement: Explain the setting of punctuation marks 3) The bats were already hovering over the sleeping tops of the aspen grove, mysteriously circling and trembling in the dim sky, a hawk quickly and directly flew overhead in a hurry to its nest. 4) In dry and clean air, it smells like sagebrush, compressed rye, buckwheat, even an hour before the night, you don't feel damp.
Reinforcement: explain the setting of punctuation marks 5) The sun did not show for four days, a hurricane wind mixed the salty mist with torrents of torrential rain. 6) The language should be simple and precise, this gives it strength, relief, colorfulness.
Test tasks: 1) Indicate a non-union complex sentence A) This journey, I hope you enjoy it. B) The night was quiet and bright, although there was no moon. C) It is hot today, it is soaring, it is warm outside. D) It is hot during the day, fun, white clouds are circling in the blue sky.
Test tasks: 2) Indicate the BSP, in which commas should be put between the parts. A) Zarya says goodbye to the earth, steam falls on the bottom of the valleys. B) Only the song needs beauty. Beauty doesn't need songs either. C) The nightingale sings comfortably. D) It was so from the deep darkness, throwing a fiery blade, the beam of the searchlight crossed the channel obliquely.
Test tasks: 3) Indicate the BSP, in which a semicolon should be put between the parts. A) Spring waters rustled merry thunderstorms. B) She raised her eyes with an effort and immediately averted them. C) The river winds about ten versts dimly blue through the fog behind it, watery green meadows. D) And when I saw my picture again, I couldn’t believe my eyes, instead of a lush carpet of herbs and flowers, there was only bare ground in the picture.
Homework: Paragraph 33, pp. 128- 129. Exercise number 191