Martian life forms. Life on Mars

Photographs taken on Mars by the self-propelled robot "Spirit", in combination with numerous photographs of the surface of the Red Planet, allow us to conclude that complex forms of life developed in the solar system not only on Earth. The redness of Mars is not accidental. It arose due to the oxidation and hydration of deep-seated ferruginous rocks - basalts and andesites. At the same time, like rust on nails, red-brown iron hydroxide - the mineral limonite - appears. In geology, this process is called red weathering.

On Earth, red flowers arise in a hot equatorial climate with an abundance of water and oxygen in the atmosphere. If all the forests on Earth are cut down, the wind will scatter iron oxides across the deserts, and our planet will also become red like Mars. The red color in Space is unusual because it is the color of life, the color of blood, the color of ferric iron. In order for black basalts with divalent iron to become covered with a red crust of ferric hydroxide, water and free atmospheric oxygen are required, in other words, photosynthesis is needed, life is necessary.

I estimate that it would take 4,000 trillion tons of free oxygen to rust the surface of Mars to a depth of one kilometer. For comparison, I note that the Earth’s atmosphere contains “only” 1200 trillion tons of oxygen, although the Earth is 9 times more massive than Mars.

It is possible that oxidation processes on Mars extended to a much greater depth in its lithosphere. This conclusion can be made since the thickness of the red sands that make up the cliffs of the grandiose Mariner Gorge exceeds 10 km. This means that a dense oxygen atmosphere created by life has existed on Mars for billions of years. Obviously, this time was quite enough for the evolution of bacteria and the emergence of complex organisms.

Perhaps evolution went faster on Mars. After all, life on Earth remained for a long time at an extremely primitive level, and over 2.5 billion years it “grew up” only to jellyfish and worms. Only in the Paleozoic, 570 million years ago, did the formation of complex organisms begin.

According to geological concepts, the Earth became a planet of primitive mammals quite recently, only 65 million years ago. Then a global environmental disaster occurred, associated with the fall of two large asteroids with a diameter of about 8 km, one in the Gulf of Mexico, the other on the coast of the Kara Sea. Part of the Earth's atmosphere was torn off during the explosions and carried into space with streams of hot plasma. The climate became noticeably colder, and the bones of the planet's owners, dinosaurs, witnesses of that time, remained in Mesozoic sediments.

Remains of cities?

The modern atmosphere of Mars is very rare, corresponding to the Earth's stratosphere at an altitude of more than 30 km. However, hurricanes rage here, raising dense clouds of red sand and piling up giant dunes up to a kilometer high in depressions (frozen oceans). The atmosphere contains 95% CO2, 5% nitrogen and argon, and 0.1% O2. This oxygen - or residual, from past life, or is it evidence of lichens and algae surviving in the warm microclimate at the bottom of the Gorges Marineris. But the oxygen content is negligible; Mars could not rust from such an atmosphere. Why did the dense oxygen atmosphere disappear there?

A real sensation in its time was the discovery of a well-developed Martian system of river valleys, which the Americans stubbornly called “canals.” These were real dry river beds with clearly defined terraces, flowing into depressions (oceans). They were not covered with sand and are perfectly preserved. This means that until recently, on a cosmic scale, Mars was warm and rivers flowed. Why did they dry out, why did the oceans freeze to the bottom, and why did permafrost many kilometers deep appear on Mars?

It is clear that quite recently a global catastrophe occurred on the Red Planet, destroying the warm climate, forests, rivers, numerous animals and, as the Spirit photographs show... anthropoids, very similar to the people of Earth. I think that the cause of the disaster was the collapse of the now defunct third satellite of Mars in Martian orbit. The Red Planet now has two abnormally close satellites. These are typical asteroids, the closest one - Phobos flies at a distance of only 5920 km from the surface of Mars, its length is 25, width is 21 km. It is close to the “Roche limit” - the distance at which the satellite is torn apart by internal tidal forces and, in the presence of an atmosphere, falls onto the planet.

Apparently, the third satellite, which should be called Thanatos (Death), passed the Roche limit quite recently. The fall of the giant's debris, weighing hundreds of trillions of tons, completely destroyed all life and the atmosphere, thrown into space with streams of plasma. The falling debris left hundreds of huge fresh craters with a diameter of tens and hundreds of kilometers, and limonite was calcined to 800 0C and turned into the mineral maghemite, magnetic red iron oxide - gamma-Fe2O3.

Maghemite was found in large quantities in the limonite sands of Mars, this is clear evidence of the powerful calcination of the red weathering crust. We also found maghemite in Yakutia, where it arose during the calcination of ferruginous weathering crusts of basalts during the explosion of the huge Popigai asteroid 35 million years ago.

Scull?

The hypothesis about the recent death of life on Mars, expressed by me back in 1992, was actually confirmed by the sensational discoveries of the self-propelled robot “Spirit” in the Gusev crater. Amazing objects were discovered here, practically indistinguishable from... ordinary human skulls - with eye sockets and a hole where the nose should have been. Three skulls have already been photographed. The skulls are externally white, shiny, and have nothing in common with rock fragments. Gray stones very similar to human busts were also found here. These may be the heads of people with a small mouth and a large nose, like the Mayans. And an absolutely amazing find - a figurine of a seated woman about half a meter high, with a gracefully outstretched hand.

Of course, this is not a “game of nature.” I myself am a field geologist, I spent my whole life in mountains and deserts, but I have never seen “stones” of this shape. It appears as if the rover is crawling through an ancient cemetery where statues stood and skulls emerged from the soil due to wind erosion. To distinguish skulls from stones, it is enough to do a simple chemical analysis of these objects for phosphorus and calcium: there is a lot of them in bones, but little in rocks.

The rover also photographed a mysterious object that bears a striking resemblance to the skull of a large bird such as an ostrich or lizard. The eye sockets, large beak or long jaws are clearly visible. If a geologist encounters such “miracles” on Earth, he has no doubt that he is dealing with the fossil remains of ancient people or animals. Why should an exception be made for Mars?

Images from space also revealed rectangular objects, very similar to the foundations of destroyed buildings covered with sand. Another amazing discovery is an image of a flat plane crashing onto Mars. triangular UFO about 100 m in size. This object was absent from the 1965 photo and appeared in the 1976 photo. The UFO is split in half and lies 15 miles from the Viking 1 landing site in 1976. The photo clearly shows the grooves dug in the sand when the UFO fell...

One cannot ignore NASA photographs in which several types of UFOs are clearly visible in the sky of Mars. We must not forget that some of the Soviet and American probes mysteriously disappeared in preparation for a soft landing on Mars, and in space pilot centers the impression arose that the spacecraft were... captured by a UFO: in the last photographs transmitted to Earth, some - a huge object approaching them.

These facts taken together are too serious to ignore. They indicate that, in addition to forests, various animals and anthropoids lived on Mars. It is still unknown which of us was more developed - earthlings or the disappeared Martians. It is possible that we are brothers, genetic descendants of Martians, whose technical development allowed them to escape from the doomed ecosystem of Mars several tens of thousands of years ago. Perhaps there was an intervention by a highly developed civilization - aliens with UFOs.

I repeat that the catastrophe on Mars happened recently - only a few tens of thousands of years ago. This is evidenced by the excellent preservation of relief forms - river valleys and meteorite craters, as well as bone remains, despite powerful dust storms.

Fantastic?.. Almost fantastic. We must not forget that Cro-Magnons, people of the modern type, appeared on Earth 40 thousand years ago mysteriously, without transitional forms, replacing the beast-like Neanderthal. Maybe advanced settlers from Mars changed the genes of Neanderthals?.. Maybe the collapse of Thanatos and the asteroid attack of its debris, which destroyed life on Mars, were timed precisely at this time? We have to admit that modern scientific discoveries are increasingly, despite their reality, of a fantastic nature.

Alexander Portnov,
Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences,
Professor

http://www.promved.ru

Is there life on Mars? This is a classic question that reflects many people's interest in the existence of alien civilizations. 128 years ago, the Italian astronomer Schiaparelli managed to discern some formations on the surface of the planet, straight lines, which he called “canali”, reminiscent of artificial structures.

In the second half of the 20th century, the American astronomer Sir Y. Lovell, based on observations of Mars, confirmed that the discovered structures cannot be natural, therefore, there was and is life on the planet, but today, due to the scarcity of our technical capabilities, it cannot be confirmed visually.

Objective evidence of life on the Red Planet

Observing Mars for decades, astronomers were able to see mountains, volcanoes, and multi-kilometer depressions on the surface, which probably arose due to large floods. The latest photographs allow us to see architectural monuments on Mars: pyramids, foundations for building structures, objects clearly of man-made origin with a clear geometric shape that cannot be obtained naturally.

Life on Mars existed long before life on Earth and has now gone underground. It has been scientifically confirmed that Mars had an atmosphere, water (exists today in the form of ice deep underground), and a magnetic field. The solar wind sweeping across the planet left no chance for terrestrial existence, but inside underground caves the level of radiation is much lower, so you can live there.

American astronomers. At the beginning of 2012, American astronomers made an incredible discovery that could mark the beginning of a new era in space exploration. A European Space Agency probe has discovered methane gas in the atmosphere of the planet Mars. As is known, methane is formed only during the decay of organic substances (plants or living organisms). This means that life unknown to man exists on Mars.

The Martians evolved not only at the level of technology: they learned to perceive information from space and could exist at the spectrum level high frequencies. This is the reason why we don’t see them - we don’t have highly sensitive equipment. But there are earthling contactees who can tune into the channels of the universe and receive information about life on other planets.

Life exists on Mars (video)

Underground cities of Mars and their inhabitants

The transmitted information gives earthlings an idea of the diversity of life forms, the laws of the universe, and seems so incomprehensible that it is more reminiscent of science fiction stories. However, we cannot deny it: the information is given not only superficially, people are taught to think correctly, improve, and heal themselves.

What do contactees say? In the last century in the USA, contactee Ruth Norman wrote the book " Discovery of underground cities on Mars” and gathered like-minded people around her who fervently believed the clairvoyant’s predictions. According to her, when the Lemurians lived on earth, a grandiose collision occurred in our galaxy. A certain body passed near Mars, devastating the surface of the planet, and then collided with the Earth, destroying the race.

Life on earth disappeared completely, but the Martians, who were thousands of years ahead of earthly civilization and knew about the impending catastrophe, were able to survive by building underground cities in advance.

From the stories of contactees, we have some idea about life on Mars, which does not contradict scientific arguments. Visible channels are an extensive network of tunnels on the planet between underground cities. This does not mean that the interior of the planet is always dark and sad. Underground cities beautiful and huge, there are gardens, flowers, and works of art are also created.

Cities exist under a dome that completely imitates the cycle of day and night, the night sky, and the luminaries. Used underground and air Transport. The society that survived the catastrophe has evolved on an intellectual and spiritual level; they live according to the laws of love, driven not by animal instinct (as on Earth), but by human, social instinct.

The height of Martians is no higher than 165 cm, they more closely resemble representatives of the yellow race. This is where the commonality with earthlings ends. They do not have schools as we understand them; they learn in their sleep, receiving information and remembering on a subconscious level.

Fertility is controlled by the mind and is an alternative to the usual childbearing. At the request of the mother, the child can develop outside the body in order to have visual contact with the mother and perceive information about the world. Their main goal is to obtain the maximum amount of knowledge as early as possible, to be able to analyze and use it, in accordance with the laws of society.

The Martian civilization is older than the earthly one, so they have access to travel into the depths of space, they can move in time and space. Space is vast and multifaceted, containing Parallel Worlds, where the laws of physics we are accustomed to do not apply.

Intergalactic travel requires knowledge, physical and spiritual strength, and moreover, not all Martian organisms are able to endure the transformation. Some residents never leave the galaxy.

Martian ships

From the information received from contactees, it is known that the Martian ships are huge and, if necessary, can completely remove the population from the planet. But there are also more technologically advanced civilizations that migrate to spaceships with a capacity of up to a million people.

Martians visited Earth in the past, but wild tribes met them with hostility, so the settlers left the territory, although the memory that they were here remained forever: rock paintings, figures of people in spacesuits, ornamental inscriptions.

Research says that Egyptian pyramids- these are not earthly structures, but messages from the depths of centuries left by the Martians. Satellite photographs confirm the presence of similar structures on the Red Planet.

This is how contactee Celeste Korsholm describes life on Mars

“Once upon a time on Mars there were several races and civilizations that were constantly at war with each other, seeking power. The main war was between the race of ants and praying mantises (ethiens). The etiens carried light, they improved intellectually, developed spiritually, harmoniously used environment, lived in harmony with the laws of space.

The Ant race was more practical, individual development they opposed the group mind of a species that accumulated energy and could destroy and exterminate living things. Physically, the ants were stronger, but the race of mantises could no longer be destroyed, since its best representatives mutated and moved from the category of the physical level of life to the category of immaterial life. They exist in a different spectrum of dimensions, outside of time and space, leaving few traces of themselves on Mars (pyramids with faces, parts of aircraft that were left unnecessarily).

The ant race was unable to take advantage of the numerical advantage and gained a foothold on Mars and eventually disappeared completely, destroying the environment. The most advanced representatives of the Ant race moved to planet Earth, but a genetic mutation occurred here that did not allow them to live as on their home planet. Today we see remnants of group intelligence in the habits of ordinary ant groups. And although the organization of the group’s life is built according to strict laws, hierarchy, power is still on the side of the person.”

Forward to the origins of earthly life

The hypothesis that earthly life originated on Mars, received indirect confirmation from scientists. Some meteorites discovered in Antarctica are of Martian origin. They were once knocked out from the surface of the planet as a result of cosmic bombardment, and contain structures similar to terrestrial microbes.

Consequently, organic life evolved from microorganisms brought from Mars. Therefore, earthlings will be able to find their past by returning to their cosmic cradle - Mars. This is not the first year that the United States has been funding research at the University of Massachusetts, which is working on creating closed cities for the first colonists on Mars. Only by understanding what happened to the planet can we save the human species on Earth.

On April 13, 1961, on the main square of the country, enthusiastic citizens of the USSR solemnly welcomed Yuri Gagarin, who made the first orbital space flight. A huge crowd of people, the entire top government, journalists and cameramen gathered to congratulate the astronaut. None of the participants in the festive processions even realized that just a few tens of kilometers from Red Square, at the secret enterprise OKB-1, on behalf of the Soviet government, on that day a rocket and a ship for a multi-year expedition to Mars were already being developed, and the project was led by designer Sergei Korolev.

Korolev believed in the possibility of the existence of a powerful Martian civilization in the distant past. The designer believed that if there was once life on Mars, then the planet could now become habitable. Then Korolev set a goal - not just to fly to the Red Planet, but to master it. As planned, Mars was supposed to become a backup planet for earthlings in case of a nuclear disaster. Over time, the designer planned to build entire cities there.

“Many people are discussing, not in a fantasy sense, but in the form of a natural scientific forecast for many years to come, that someday Mars will be explored, there will be a colony of people there that will affect the Martian natural environment, to make it close to the earth. And in principle, this problem is solvable,"- says Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, head of the laboratory of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Igor Mitrofanov.

By 1962, Soviet designers developed a project for a flight to Mars. The scheme of the interplanetary expedition looked fantastic at that time, although it was precisely by this method that they were assembled and sent into flight in our days. orbital stations"Mir" and International Space.

According to Korolev’s plan, several super-heavy launch vehicles should launch 80-ton blocks into low orbit, from which an interplanetary spacecraft weighing about 250 tons will be assembled right there. On it, according to the calculations of Soviet scientists, a crew of six cosmonauts could reach Mars in two years.

However, Korolev’s plans were not destined to come true. In 1964 Soviet Union entered into a "moon race" with the United States. Khrushchev instructed the designer to focus on other work: Soviet cosmonauts must land on the moon before the Americans. So Soviet leadership buried the Mars conquest program for many years.

Today, almost half a century later, it has become clear that the Mars exploration program in the USSR was abandoned in vain. American astronomers immediately took up the initiative to study the red planet. One of the most successful American programs development of the Red Planet was the launch of the Mars-Odyssey orbiter in 2001. He carried out reconnaissance of the poles of the red planet and revealed the presence of water on it.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Just 4 years later, American scientists sent the interplanetary space station Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to Mars, which, thanks to a high-resolution camera, transmitted images to Earth in which you can see the sand dunes of the planet covered with a small layer of ice.

Sand dunes with a layer of ice

The lander that the Americans sent to Mars in 2007 took images of Victoria Crater, located on the Meridiani Plateau. A real breakthrough in science was the launch of Mars rovers to the red planet. A total of 4 stations were sent, the last of which is called Curiosity. Since 2011, this rover has been traveling on Mars. His responsibilities include analyzing the soil and climate of the planet. But the main task is to search for signs of life that may exist on Mars, or existed on it many millions of years ago.

Victoria Crater

IN Lately The photographs that Curiosity sends become a real sensation because these photographs often capture things that defy scientific explanation. In a photo taken in July of this year, for example, a strange spherical object is clearly visible.

A spherical object captured by the Curiosity rover

The question immediately arises: how could an object of regular shape appear on an uninhabited planet? geometric shape? However, this strange orb does not compare to another photo that Curiosity sent three months earlier. On a stone that is invisible at first glance, upon closer examination and a little color correction, you can see something like a sculpture of a human head. Many, having seen this photograph, immediately compared it with the familiar outlines of the ancient Greek Apollo.

"Head of Apollo"

In another photo, according to enthusiasts, fragments of an ancient cart, or more precisely two of its wheels, are visible. Some researchers believe that all of these are traces of something that once existed on Mars. ancient civilization. True, NASA employees do not agree with this version. Regardless of who is right in this long-standing debate, the images that the Mars rover sends back from the Red Planet are truly amazing.

In a photo sent back by the Curiosity rover in early August, you can see the outline of a fossilized crab. In another photo, a student from Japan saw a strange creature with a long tail and four legs, something like a lizard. If we assume that all these strange fossils are not quirks of the terrain, but are indeed the remains of ancient Martian creatures, it turns out that the Red Planet may once have been habitable.

"Lizard"

Some researchers go even further and put forward a hypothesis: the Red Planet was not only inhabited, it was most likely inhabited by intelligent beings, perhaps even similar to you and me. For example, many note the similarity of the Earth's pyramids with the Martian pyramids.

“I argue that we are taking a completely wrong approach to considering the issue of these pyramids, well, not only the Egyptian ones, but all others, these are devices that were actually communications, devices, let’s say, communications between the metropolis, if we talk about alien civilizations and now this colony, on planet Earth. Perhaps they could receive and send back and forth certain objects, cargo, energy flows, not only information,”- says MAISU academician Alexander Semenov.

Martian "pyramids"

Not far from the Martian pyramid complex is another famous mystery: the Martian sphinx. It looks like a human face one and a half kilometers in size. The first image of this object was taken almost 50 years ago by the Viking apparatus. Then scientists began to make a variety of guesses about the origin of this stone face.

"Sphinx"

“Yes, some images found on Mars are very strange. That is... they are human, let’s put it this way. There are women’s faces hundreds of meters in size, there is a man’s face, and more than one, by the way. They resemble the images on the Nazca plateau, then they are just as mysterious to us,"- says Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Alexander Portnov.

On August 11, 1999, the American unmanned station MarsGlobal photographed the other side of Mars and transmitted images to Earth, which scientists around the world immediately started talking about. In the area of the Martian Acedalia Plain, objects were found that experts called “Tunnel Country” or “Glass Worms.” Geologists are still puzzling over the origin of these strange structures. Corrugated pipes run through one of the gorges. They are huge, their diameter in some places is 300 meters, and their length reaches 40 kilometers. The most curious thing is that the ends of the pipes go underground or into the rock.

“If you look closely, these could be ordinary crevices under some layer of soil, a depression, subsidence of the soil there, or a crack. It’s quite possible. Well, it’s quite likely that these could be really old ancient communications of the civilization that existed on planet Mars", - comments researcher of anomalous phenomena Yuri Senkin.

In favor latest version The clearly non-random and precise orientation of “Glass Worms” to the mysterious “destroyed domes” and gaping cavities in the depths speaks volumes.

“Pipes were actually discovered on Mars. I don’t undertake to evaluate the high alien civilization, I can only say that if it was a civilization, then it was more technically developed than ours. Because if there had been such a catastrophe on Earth, we would have gotten out the pipes really are the metro,"- says academician Alexander Portnov.

"Glass Worms"

For a long time it was believed that there was and could not be any life on Mars. The idea of possible life on the Red Planet was put forward by physicist Nikola Tesla at the beginning of the 20th century. According to him, he invented a device called Teslascope, and he even managed to receive signals from the red planet. His student, the laureate, did not lag behind the inventor Nobel Prize in physics Guglielmo Marconi, who sent messages to the Red Planet and even allegedly received answers from an alien civilization. The famous scientist Albert Einstein also expressed his belief in alien life. For a long time, all this was considered the fantasy of brilliant scientists, but today's researchers of the Red Planet are increasingly talking about the fact that Mars could once have been habitable. And the main proof of this is the presence of ice on the planet. Since there is ice, it means that there once was water - the basis of any life.

"Once upon a time there was quite a lot of water on Mars. They also talk about this a large number of strange branched formations on the surface of Mars, which are very similar to the beds of dried up rivers. On Earth this is exactly what rivers look like when you look at them from Earth satellites", - says the candidate technical sciences Sergey Sukhinov.

Thanks to automatic probes, it was established that in the southwestern hemisphere, in the Eberswalde crater, there is an ancient river delta with an area of 115 square kilometers, and the river itself may have been more than 60 km long.

Some scientists do not rule out that there is still water in Gale Crater. Images taken by the Opportunity rover show dark streaks on hillsides. Researchers suggest the dark streaks are liquid salt water. It appears during the Martian summer and disappears by winter. The flows seem to flow around obstacles, merge and diverge. Some scientists believe this suggests that Mars had not only rivers, but also seas.

In 2005, the European Marsis radar detected coastline, indicating the presence of a large body of water that may have existed 4 billion years ago. Further research showed that there was most likely another ocean on Mars.

Scientists started talking seriously about the possibility that there could be life on Mars after the Valles Marineris, a giant canyon stretching along the equator, was discovered on the surface of the red planet. Mariner is ten times longer and deeper than the famous Grand Canyon in America. This means that the surface of Mars consists of loose rocks, and oxygen was once present in its atmosphere.

Valles Marineris

“For the formation of such a powerful weathering crust, an amount of oxygen is required that is several times greater than the amount of oxygen now in the Earth’s atmosphere. And this can only be if for billions of years there was life on Mars, it evolved, and there was a lot of oxygen there "This oxygen was part of the surface weathering crust of Mars."- says Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Alexander Portnov.

Samples of Martian soil showed that four thousand trillion tons of free oxygen could be present in the atmosphere of Mars. This is three to four times more than it is now on Earth. As scientists say, Mars resembled our planet in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. Rich plant and animal world, high-water rivers.

“River valleys are usually quickly filled up. For example, when a radar survey was carried out, it turned out that under the sand of the Sahara there are valleys of hundreds of rivers, but they were all filled up. Over the course of six to seven thousand years, the topography of the Sahara has completely changed and is completely filled up,”- says Academician Portnov. In his opinion, if the channels of the supposed rivers have been preserved on Mars, this indicates that they dried up relatively recently.

The theory that Mars was habitable is supported by the recent discovery of the Curiosity rover. The device was found in rocks nitrogen compounds. And nitrogen, together with carbon, is an essential condition for the origin of life.

But if the red planet was once habitable, then why is it now? scientific world Are the desert landscapes of the planet opening up? Why did the planet, where rivers may once have flowed, oceans splashed, and the air was like on Earth, become so terrifying and lifeless?

"Scull"

Some scientists believe that life on Mars was destroyed terrible disaster. According to researchers, thousands of years ago our red neighbor had not two satellites, as now, but three. And one of them, called Thanatos, was so close to the surface of the planet that the magnetic attraction of Mars pulled it, and it fell down. Upon entering the atmosphere, it could have exploded into millions of fragments and left all the traces that can be seen now - craters.

Mars has another one inexplicable mystery. The entire northern hemisphere is 3 kilometers lower in altitude than the southern hemisphere. And the dividing line runs almost along the equator line. On one side are three of the largest craters in the solar system. Hellas, Isis and Argir. It is possible that these are traces of three giant fragments of a satellite that crashed onto the planet. This was enough for all forms of life on the planet to die within a few days.

“That is, the dense atmosphere was torn off from Mars. As soon as the dense atmosphere was torn off, the oceans of Mars froze. The remnants of the atmosphere scattered the weathering crusts and covered these icy oceans with a thick layer of sand,”- Academician Portnov explains the essence of the hypothesis.

But if Martians did exist, then what happened to them? Where could the inhabitants of the red planet move to? Among researchers, whose findings are subject to merciless criticism, there is a hypothesis that some ancient Martians are the ancestors of modern earthlings. In the beliefs of many peoples, there is a myth that man descended to Earth from heaven.

"Petrified Bison"

"In the legends of many peoples of the world: and Ancient Egypt, and Sumerians, and Mayans, and Ancient India- it is said that the gods who flew from heaven were people. But these were only hypotheses," says Candidate of Technical Sciences Sergei Sukhinov.

The Sumerians already possessed advanced technologies 8 thousand years ago. They had a strange and complex sexagesimal number system and developed medicine. They were well versed in metal smelting and farming.

Later, Egypt flourished not far from the Sumerian civilization. The culture, traditions and religion of these two ancient peoples coincide in many ways. And in many secret rooms of Egyptian temples there are records that people came from Mars.

Teotihuacan pyramid complex

At the other end of our planet there is also a mystery that can be interpreted in favor of the hypothesis of the Martian origin of people. This is the Teotihuacan pyramid complex in Mexico. Modern researchers have paid attention to the proportions between buildings. If you superimpose the diagram of this complex onto a map of the solar system, then the distance between the buildings will exactly coincide with the distance between the planets. Earth in place of the pyramid of the Earth or the Moon. The pyramid of Quetzalcoatl enters the orbit of Mars. In addition, the ratio of the diameter of Mars to the diameter of our planet is 0.532 thousandths. Exactly the same proportions between the heights of the pyramids of Quetzalcoatl and the Earth. Is this a coincidence?

As evidence, supporters of this theory cite a number of interesting facts that humans are completely unadapted to living conditions on Earth.

For example, people do not tolerate gravity well. That is why humans are the only species on the planet that suffers from varicose veins.

Moreover, human skin also reacts poorly to sunlight. And earth's gravity is too strong for humans.

Recently, European scientists decided to conduct an experiment and find out whether the planet Mars is suitable for people, and whether the conditions on the Red Planet are more suitable for humanity. They placed several volunteers in a closed room underground, completely isolating them from outside world. The subjects worked, rested, and did their usual things, as far as the project conditions allowed. When the experiment ended a few months later, it turned out that the natural biological cycle of people was no longer 24 hours, but 24 and a half. On Mars, a day lasts exactly 24 and a half hours.

But if we are truly descendants of colonizers from Mars, then why did we go through the Stone Age stage? Where did such a rich heritage of our ancestors, who managed to move to another planet, go? Some researchers suggest that this could have happened as a result of some serious cataclysm, for example, the fall of a large asteroid to Earth.

This can explain many archaeological finds that science cannot explain. The most famous example is the Egyptian pyramids. Until now, neither builders nor scientists can explain how ancient people, without cranes and metal tools, managed to build these majestic tombs.

The drawings in the Nazca desert also defy any logical explanation. Researchers do not know what they were needed for or how they appeared. Or, for example, the Mayan astrological calendar. Even centuries later, it is in many ways more accurate than modern.

Although the theory of human degradation has not been proven, it has a right to exist. Even if we are not from Mars, for some reason we are still attracted to space.

Since the launch of the first artificial satellite Not much time has passed on Earth, but space exploration has already stepped far forward. It became possible to land a man on the Moon. Devices have appeared that study Mars and transmit invaluable information from there.

Today, programs to study the red planet continue. Already next year, a new interplanetary apparatus is due to set off for the red planet. The first Russian-European Mars rover, a joint project of Roscosmos and the European Space Agency called ExoMars, is scheduled to land on the planet's surface in 2018. He will look for traces of Martian life in places where methane has been discovered.

Work continues on projects to launch humans to Mars. As part of the Mars 500 program, several people were completely isolated from the world for 520 days, simulating a flight to the fourth planet. This experiment allows us to understand what psychological and physical changes occur with a group of people in a confined space. Several more similar experiments are planned to be conducted before 2020. Perhaps in the near future, people will be able to safely travel to the Red Planet and finally answer the question: is there life on Mars? More precisely, was she there?

18:17 05/10/2016

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Terrible radiation. A thin layer of air. Cold temperatures. These and many other properties of the Red Planet likely caused any microbes to go underground a long time ago. If there were life, she would have to deal with a very unfavorable attitude.

One of the most important questions at the conference was asked by someone named Aldo. Will a lack of liquid water on Mars turn a colony into a “dusty, waterless camp”? How will SpaceX maintain the “sanitary standards” of the colonists on such a dead, dried-out world? Will human waste become a big problem? Musk matter-of-factly replied that since there is a lot of water on Mars, the real problem will be production sufficient quantity energy to melt it all.

Obviously, Musk is missing the point we raised above: if there is life on Mars - even if alien microbes simply attach themselves to the Martian refuges - any biological pollution we import from could cause an environmental and scientific disaster. We may well be the only spark of life in the world, with technology and conscious experience, but inside each of us sits a kilogram of bacteria. Without careful countermeasures, any leaky spacesuit, broken greenhouse or sewer can release the hardiest members of our microbiome to spread and colonize. most Mars is faster than us. Such an outbreak of persistent microbes could easily destroy any fragile local biosphere, and with it our hopes of discovery and exploration. alien life. So, should our civilization sacrifice the possibility of finding alien life to satisfy its ambitions? Will colonizing Mars cost ecocide on a planetary scale?

Of course, this problem is not new - space agencies have been involved in "planetary defense" for many years, particularly developing missions to Mars and other destinations. NASA even has a full-time position as a planetary defense officer, currently occupied by Katarina Conley, who is responsible for maintaining planetary defense protocols. These protocols, in turn, stem from the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which prohibits “harmful pollution” of other planets. But the current rules apply only to lifeless machines that can be heated in an oven, washed with antimicrobial substances and irradiated with radiation harmful to bacteria.

The most stringent sterilization procedures are reserved for spacecraft visiting “special regions” of Mars, where satellite observations have confirmed the presence of liquid water and other possible indicators of habitability. A Mars rover or lander that heads to the "special region" will carry with it 300,000 hitchhiking bacteria, less than would be found in a square millimeter of colony in a petri dish. Special regions will also be prime places of interest for future settlers of Mars. But landing even one person in such a place - let alone millions of them - would completely break the paradigm of planetary defense.

At the moment there are no solutions to this problem. Unless you can simply ignore or rewrite the rules. Musk, in turn, does not see problems in planetary protection. But in 2015, he stated that he believes that Mars is completely sterile, and any microbes can only live deep in the bowels of the planet.

Unlike Musk, ardent supporters of planetary protection recommend not rushing headlong to Mars, but first going to small planets - and.

“If we leave our dirty meatbags in space and telecontrol sterile robots on the surface, we can avoid irreversibly polluting Mars and confusing the question of whether we are alone in the solar system,” writes Emily Lucdowella, a well-known blogger. “Perhaps robots will be sufficient to take samples of Martian water or detect Martian life.”

But not all scientists adhere to such restrictive approaches. Many argue that "special regions" aside, Mars is too inhospitable to life and will not allow microbes from Earth to spread widely. This is despite the fact that laboratory tests have shown that some bacteria found in humans can thrive in Martian conditions. Some believe that there is no point in worrying about planetary protection, since the Earth's biosphere has been consistently polluting Mars for a long time, starting with the first and ancient fragments of rocks that went on interplanetary travel after the impacts of giant planets. But Steve Squires, a planetary scientist at Cornell University, believes that if life exists on Mars, we won't find it until we go there in the flesh. He argues that it will take a person a minute to do everything that they did in a year.

All this debate remains strictly in academic circles, as NASA and other space agencies have periodically considered - and subsequently abandoned - sending people to Mars. Now NASA plans to officially send astronauts to Mars in the 2030s and build its own giant crew capsule (SLS and Orion). True, experts doubt that NASA's politics and limited budget will allow the agency to implement its plans so soon.

Musk, by contrast, argues that SpaceX can develop the key technology needed to implement the plan for $10 billion and send people to Mars as early as the mid-2020s. Obviously, no one will have time to solve the issues of planetary protection in these ten years. The question arises.

Will Musk go against the scientific community and spit on Martian life? After all, when we find ourselves on Mars, all these disputes will become meaningless.

Not many planets revolve around the Sun; it is not surprising that sooner or later humanity had to try to find out whether there is life on Mars or somewhere in the immediate vicinity. Science fiction writers were the first to get down to business, serious scientists caught up only later. And they ruined all the fun, as usual.

Dead "red planet"

If we take the reports of researchers, today we can give a 100% reliable answer - No, there is no longer any life on the “red dwarf”:

Photography was taken from orbit, which showed the absence of traces of civilization;
Atmospheric samples were taken to prove the impossibility of using a local mixture of gases for breathing;
Many devices have been sent to the surface to record video and collect materials;
The entire surrounding space has been studied for the transmission of information at any frequency.

What we have as a result:

No signals;
Unsuitable for breathing atmosphere;
"Dead ground" on which nothing cannot grow;
Lack of liquid water;
No signs of any vegetation;
No signs of civilization have been found - existing now or ever existing.

The Martians did not wave to the camera or send any greeting signals. They even refused to show the ruins of their skyscrapers. It looks like the most ordinary rudeness. But if we add a little seriousness - there is no chance of meeting “brothers in mind” or even the most primitive thinking creatures on the “red planet”. She's been dead for a very long time.

Was there life on Mars?

But this whole text is dripping with omissions:

Lack of water, but only in liquid form;
There is no more life;
Dead for a long time;
The absence of detected signs, but not the fact of the absence of civilization itself.

Again, if you adhere exclusively scientific point view:

There is water on Mars, in the form of glaciers at the poles - a proven fact, although their nature still needs to be established;
The silhouettes found on the ground resemble the outlines of the earth's rivers, which may be evidence of a similar landscape in the past;
There are periodic reports of the discovery of fossils of bacteria and other protozoan organisms on Mars;
It is assumed that atmospheric changes occurred relatively recently, after the fall of a huge meteorite.

Recently - by astronomical standards, the count goes on for millions of years. Most scientists are of the opinion that Mars was once more hospitable and had all the conditions for the emergence of life on its surface. The situation was somewhat spoiled by the huge heavenly body, collided with our neighbor. It was after this that everything that we have was formed - deserted and dead landscapes.

Exploring the Martian surface

We have too little potential in terms of exploring other planets:

Filming from space has low resolution;
Launched vehicles can only explore a limited area of the surface;
Artificial satellites and space stations launched only into Earth orbit;
The human foot left its mark only on the Moon, among other space objects.

The available arsenal allows us to say with subtlety that there is no highly developed life on Mars. But in terms of microorganisms, everything is more complicated. Only manned missions are able to get to the bottom of the truth about the past, future and present of the planet.

Researchers will be able to:

Receive a disproportionately larger amount of information;
Work in the field;
Receive information and material immediately, without delay of months and years;
Test the theories put forward in practice, see everything with your own eyes.

Such experience would be invaluable for a person as a space explorer. But, based on the level of technological progress and economic opportunities, such a flight cannot be expected in the next decade. Only hysteria regarding the futility of exploring the Universe and the impossibility of overcoming such a distance with modern technology.

Similarities between Earth and Mars

Between Earth and Mars there is much in common:

The mass values of the two planets are comparable;
Orbit and angle of rotation around its own axis;
Being in the optimal range in terms of distance from the Sun;
The presence of atmosphere, at least in the past;
The presence of water, albeit in frozen form.

It all comes down to bringing together the main indicators that influence our lives:

Gravity;
Surface temperatures;
Length of day;
Seasonality and length of the year.

Of course, before the "close contact" with another massive body, all these values on Mars were more similar. Which may not give rise to an interesting thought - where would the Martians rush if they knew about the impending catastrophe and tried to save their civilization or its remnants? If we take into account the presence of an “ideal” planet nearby.

Humanity from Mars?

Now we can remember:

Information about alien visits to Earth;
Mysterious structures attributed to extraterrestrial civilizations;
Heterogeneity of genetic material in nature;
The presence of only one “crown of creation”, without any significant competition from other species;
Human biological rhythm, more consistent with the Martian day.

You can build a number of bold hypotheses:

The Martian ships crashed, the remaining representatives of the species were unable to create acceptable conditions, and were forced to start all over again;
There was a mixture of “local” and “introduced” species, as a result of which humanity was born;
The Martians decided to storm distant stars, leaving on the planet only a reminder of themselves and a local menagerie;
The aliens encountered a highly developed civilization present on the planet, both died as a result of a long conflict.

It's nice to know that we live on the fragments of something great. Something that is even greater than humanity itself. But the coincidence of parameters can be explained by the elementary proximity of planets in outer space. Millions of kilometers have no meaning if the duration of the journey is measured in light years.

We can say whether there is life on Mars and what caused its death. But how high the level of organization of this very life was is a mystery for now.

Video: traces of the existence of civilizations on Mars

In this video, astrophysicist Roman Nasyrov will talk about shocking facts that support the presence of life on Mars in the distant past: