75 years ago, on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. Victory in it became the greatest test and the greatest pride for our people. The memory of fallen soldiers, home front workers and civilians is immortalized in numerous memorials throughout our country. Today, you can visit each of these memorials, lay flowers and remember your heroes, who are in every Russian family.
1. Monument-ensemble "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad", Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd. This is perhaps the most famous memorial dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, majestic and symbolic. It took 8.5 years to build: from 1959 to 1967. The chief architect was Evgeniy Vuchetich.
There are 200 steps leading from the base to the top of the mound. This number was not chosen by chance: that is how many days the Battle of Stalingrad lasted, which put an end to the offensive of the fascist troops. The center of the memorial is the sculpture “The Motherland Calls!” - for many years was the tallest statue in the world: the height is 52 meters. This is 1.5 times the size of the Statue of Liberty in New York. “Motherland” is a unique engineering structure made of iron and concrete, with thin walls (25-30 cm), which maintains balance thanks to amazingly accurate calculations. In addition to it, the memorial complex includes the Square of Those Who Fought to Death, the Hall of Military Glory, the Square of Sorrow, and the Ruin Walls. When visiting the ruin walls and the Hall of Military Glory, you can hear the voice of the legendary Soviet announcer Yuri Levitan and sound fragments specially recorded for the memorial. In 1965, a capsule of war participants was laid on Mamayev Kurgan to their descendants, which should be opened on May 9, 2045, on the centenary of the Victory. Since 2014, Mamayev Kurgan has been a candidate for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
2. Museum-reserve "Prokhorovskoye Field", Belgorod region, Prokhorovka village. The vicinity of the Prokhorovka railway station on July 12, 1943 became the site of the largest tank battle in history.
Belogorye Aeronautics Federation / belaero.ru
More than 1,500 tanks of the Red Army and fascist invaders fought in it. This fight turned the tide Battle of Kursk and war in general. In memory of the Prokhorovsky battle, the Prokhorovsky Field museum-reserve was created. The observation post from which General Pavel Rotmistrov, commander of the 5th Guards Tank Army, gave orders has been reconstructed here. A memorial sign in the bend of the Psel River was erected in honor of the feat of senior lieutenant Pavel Shpetny. All nine men in his platoon, while knocking out seven enemy tanks. In 2010, the Museum of Military Glory “The Third Military Field of Russia” was opened in Prokhorovka. The main monument of the memorial is the 59-meter Belfry with a bell that rings three times an hour, recalling the historical role of three battlefields: Kulikovo, Borodino and Prokhorovsky. And the architectural dominant of the complex is the temple in the name of the holy supreme apostles Peter and Paul, on the walls of which are inscribed the names of 7382 soldiers who died in these bloody battles
3. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow. The memorial was opened in May 1967 after the burial of the ashes of an unknown soldier who died in the battle for Moscow near the Kremlin wall.
Brian Jeffery Beggerly / flickr.com
The remains were transferred from the mass grave to 41 km of Leningradskoye Highway. The monument consists of a tombstone covered with a bronze battle flag, on which lie a soldier's helmet and a laurel branch. And in the center it's burning Eternal flame glory. It was brought from the Campus Martius in 1967. At the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the fire was lit by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev, having received the torch from the hands of the legendary pilot Alexei Maresyev. Nearby is the inscription “Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal.” In 1997, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, an honor guard post was established at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. And in 2014, the All-Russian Day of the Unknown Soldier appeared, which is celebrated on December 3.
4. Krivtsovsky memorial, Oryol region . At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a stronghold of a group of fascist troops was located in the region. In 1942, the Bolkhov operation was carried out, with the bloodiest battle in the Krivtsovo-Chagodaevo-Gorodishche area.
After the offensive, Soviet troops were able to advance 20 km, but then stopped. This did not allow the enemy to transfer forces to the Battle of Stalingrad. During the Bolkhov operation, more than 21 thousand soldiers and officers were killed, and more than 47 thousand were injured. The Krivtsovsky memorial is located in the “Valley of Death” - this is almost the official name of the valleys of the Oka and Zusha rivers. The memorial ensemble consists of two parts: a monument to fallen soldiers, in the form of a 15-meter pyramid, and a square for mourning ceremonies with two mass graves, on which the monument “Eternal Flame of Glory” and a 9-meter obelisk are installed.
5. Murmansk "Alyosha" - a monument to the "Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." It was founded in 1969 on the Cape Verde hill, where anti-aircraft batteries were located that defended the city from air raids.
The Murmansk region is the only region where the enemy did not pass more than 30 km from the state border. And the fiercest battles took place on the right bank of the Zapadnaya Litsa River, later renamed the Valley of Glory. “Alyosha’s” gaze is directed exactly there. There is still no exact data on the number of deaths while defending the region. Murmansk "Alyosha" is the tallest monument in Russia after Mamayev Kurgan. Its height together with the pedestal is 42.5 meters. The memorial ensemble includes the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the Eternal Flame, and a granite stele to the Defenders of the Arctic. At the foot of the monument two capsules are walled up - one with sea water from the site of the death of the ship "Fog", the second - from the ground from the Valley of Glory and the battle area at the Verman line.
6. Rear to front, Magnitogorsk. This is the first part of a triptych of monuments, including “The Motherland Calls” in Volgograd and “The Liberator Warrior” in Berlin.
According to the authors' idea, the sword, forged by home front workers in the Urals, is raised by the Motherland on Mamayev Kurgan, and is already lowered after the victory of the soldiers in Berlin. The monument is located on a hill, its height is 15 meters. In the center of the monument there are two figures - a warrior and a worker. The worker looks towards the metallurgical plant, and the warrior looks to the west, where military operations took place. The Eternal Flame is installed nearby. The monument was made in Leningrad, and then erected on a fortified hill in Magnitogorsk. Later, the names of city residents who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in World War II and who died - more than 14 thousand in total - were carved on granite trapezoids.
7. Monument to Sailor and Soldier, Sevastopol . A 40-meter monument with a difficult fate. The decision to build a memorial complex at Cape Khrustalny was made back in the 70s of the last century, but construction began only decades later.
Nanak26 / flickr.com
Construction proceeded slowly, then it was mothballed, as the project was considered unsuccessful, and in the late 80s the possibility of dismantling the monument was seriously discussed. Subsequently, supporters of the monument won, and money was allocated for restoration, but the initially approved project was never completed. Now the Soldier and Sailor Monument is a must-visit for tourist groups, although there are many of its critics among local residents.
8. Poklonnaya Hill, Moscow. For the first time, on the site of a hill between the Setun and Filka rivers, back in 1942, it was proposed to erect a monument to the national feat of 1812. However, in the difficult conditions of the Great Patriotic War, the project could not be implemented.
Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill
Subsequently, a sign was installed on Poklonnaya Hill with the promise that a Victory monument would appear in this place. A park was laid out around it, which also received a similar name. Construction of the memorial began in 1984, and was completed only 11 years later: the complex was inaugurated on May 9, 1995, on the 50th anniversary of the war. The ceremony was attended by heads of 55 states. On the territory of Victory Park there are churches of three faiths (Orthodox, mosque and synagogue), which symbolize the multinationality of the army of liberators. The Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War has a unique collection, including 1.5 thousand volumes of the “Book of Memory” and its electronic analogue, which record the fate of Soviet soldiers who defended their country from the Nazis. There is also an exhibition in the park. military equipment. Well, the center of the monument is the Victory Monument.
9. Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, St. Petersburg . This is the largest burial site for victims of the Second World War; about 420 thousand inhabitants are buried in 186 mass graves besieged Leningrad, who died from hunger, cold and disease, 70 thousand warriors who heroically fought for the northern capital.
Taryn / flickr.com
The grand opening of the memorial took place on May 9, 1960. The dominant feature of the ensemble is the “Mother Motherland” monument with a granite stele on which is engraved the epitaph of Olga Berggolts with famous line"No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten." The poetess wrote this poem specifically for the opening of the Piskarevsky memorial. From the “Mother Motherland” there is a 300-meter alley on which red roses are planted. It ends at the Eternal Flame. Here, at the Piskarevskoye cemetery in the military museum, there is Tanya Savicheva’s diary.
10. Cranes, Saratov. Yuri Menyakin, the creator of the memorial complex in memory of Saratov residents who died in the war, was inspired by the song “Cranes” based on the poems of Rasul Gamzatov.
Therefore, the main theme of the monument was bright memory and bright sadness. A wedge of 12 silver cranes flying west symbolizes the souls of fallen soldiers. In the center of the monument are three five-pointed stars, covered with gold leaf, made by analogy with the highest award of the USSR - Hero Soviet Union. Five flights of stairs lead to the monument, on which are engraved the cities in which Saratov residents took part in the defense and liberation. The area around the complex is paved with paving stones. It symbolizes the beginning of the war, when soldiers from the parade on Red Square went straight to the front.
Evgenia Markovskaya, 5th grade, Ruslan Nereyko, 5th grade, Alexey Panov, 5th grade, Daniil Popov, 5th grade
IN Lately We often hear how Victory monuments are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find and learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what feats they were erected. Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear brought the great Victory Day closer. The only thing our generation can do is take care of monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to our descendants.
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Municipal Municipality "Kuril City District"
municipal budgetary educational institution
average comprehensive school With. Hot Keys
TOPIC OF PROJECT WORK
"MONUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR"
Compiled by: Evgeniya Markovskaya, 5th grade
Nereyko Ruslan, 5th grade
Alexey Panov, 5th grade
Popov Daniil, 5th grade
Pushkar Danil, 5th grade
Scientific supervisor: Svetlana Yurievna Subbotina,
Deputy Director for Water Resources Management,
MBOU Secondary School s. Hot Keys.
With. Hot Springs, 2015
Introduction 3
1. Monuments to WWII 4
Conclusion 12
Literature 13
Appendix 14
Maintaining
This year we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory. Our people really won the most brutal war of the 20th century, saved our country, saved Europe from fascism and gave us all a future.
Lately we often hear how Victory monuments are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find and learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what feats they were installed.
Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield and brought the great Victory Day closer to the rear. The only thing our generation can do is take care of monuments. At least three times a year (June 22, February 23, May 9) bring flowers to the foot of the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to our descendants.
Purpose of the work: to collect information about monuments
Tasks:
Find out whether monuments to war heroes are necessary.
Find out to whom and where the monuments were erected.
Hypothesis –
We assume that in our country there are monuments dedicated to the war of 1941-1945 in almost every city, even in villages and villages. The task of our generation is to know the feat of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, remember and be proud of them.
Methods:
Working with books and searching for information on the Internet;
The fiery forties. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. The working people of the hero city of Moscow wrote a bright page in the history of the war. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, perseverance and courage. In bronze, granite and marble obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow perpetuated the memory of glorious warriors.
- Memorial “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier”
In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of fascist troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a brave death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried near the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Before that, the hero’s ashes rested 40 kilometers from Moscow along the Leningradskoe Highway - at the turn where in the fall of 1941. There were fierce battles. By accepting the remains of the hero into its sacred land, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.
The monument is a monumental architectural ensemble (authors are architects D. Burdin, V. Klimov, and Yu. Rabaev). Above the burial place of the Unknown Soldier, in the center there is a large platform. Above it is a tombstone with five steps made of red granite. The moving words are inscribed on the slab: “Your name is not known, your feat is immortal.” A bronze lamp in the shape of a five-pointed star is mounted at the base of the platform. At its center burns the fire of Eternal Glory.
To the left of the grave is a granite pylon with the inscription: “1941 to those who fell for the Motherland, 1945.” On the right is a row of memorial blocks. Under their slabs there are capsules with the sacred soil of the hero cities.
Here is the soil from the Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad who defended the city during the siege are buried; from the mass graves of Kyiv and Mamayev Kurgan, where the battles took place great battle on the Volga. Here is land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the “Belt of Glory” of Odessa and land taken from the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuated the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The soldier’s gravestone was forever covered with a red battle banner cast from ageless copper. The soldier's helmet and laurel branch are made of the same metal - a symbol of people's honor to the hero. At the Eternal Flame, burning in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless perseverance and heroism.
2. In memory of Leningrad children who died at Lychkovo station
In the small village of Lychkovo, Novgorod region, there is an unmarked mass grave from the Great Patriotic War. One of many in Russia. One of the most tragic and sad. Because this is a child's grave...
In July 1941, at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the evacuation of civilians began from Leningrad. First of all, children were sent to the rear. It was impossible then to foresee the course of hostilities... Children were taken out of Leningrad to save them, away from death and suffering. But as it turned out, they were being taken straight towards war. At the Lychkovo station, Nazi planes bombed a train of 12 cars. In the summer of 1941, hundreds of innocent children died.
The number of little Leningraders who died is still unknown. Fate smiled on only a few. After the bombing, local residents collected the rest in fragments. Since then, a grave has appeared at the civil cemetery in Lychkovo. A grave in which rests the ashes of innocently dead children.
The sculpture consists of several parts. Mounted on a granite slab is a cast bronze flame from the explosion that threw the child into the air. At the foot of the stove are the toys he dropped. The author of the monument, for the construction of which the Lychkovo Veterans’ House received more than half a million rubles from all over Russia, was Moscow sculptor, People’s Artist of Russia Alexander Burganov. The height of the sculptural composition is about three meters.
It was a terrible tragedy. But even more terrible is the post-war unconsciousness: the Lychkov events were simply forgotten. Only a modest mass grave with the inscription “Children of Leningrad” reminded of them. Local women who witnessed the bloody bombing took care of the grave for almost 60 years.
In 2003, a small monument was erected at the burial site - a bronze sculpture, which always has fresh flowers.
May 4, 2005, on the eve of the 60th anniversary Great Victory took place in the village of Lychkovo solemn ceremony opening of the memorial “To the children who died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
The monument was erected on the station square, not far from the site of the tragedy. Trains will pass by the monument every day, and children's voices will always be heard through the noise of the wheels. The memory of the terrible tragedy that claimed children's lives will always be alive here.
The poet A. Molchanov wrote a poem “In memory of the Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station”, it contains the following words:
Is it possible to forget
Like children in parts
Collected
So that in a mass grave,
Like fallen soldiers
Bury?..
3. Monument to children - victims of concentration camps.
A monument to children who died in Nazi concentration camps was erected near the Makhovaya Tower in the city of Smolensk. Author: Alexander Parfenov. The monument is in the shape of a fluffy dandelion, made up of figures of children, and the names of concentration camps are written on the leaves of the flower: Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald.
4. "Flower of Life"
In 1968, Tanya Savicheva’s diary was immortalized in stone, being an integral part of the Flower of Life memorial complex on Poklonnaya Hill, dedicated to all the children who died in the siege.
5. In memory of tens of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war
In the city of Vyazma, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow, a memorial was opened in memory of the tens of thousands of fallen participants in the defense of Moscow. It was installed at the site of mass graves of victims of the German transit camp “Dulag-184”. In March of this year, the Russian Military Historical Society took control of the situation with ownerless graves on the territory of the former camp “Dulag-184”, responding to an appeal from the public organization “Vyazemsky Memorial”. The organization, which is engaged in restoring the memory of the victims of the German transit camp, includes relatives of camp prisoners, search engines, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, historians, public figures, volunteers.
45 burial ditches 100 meters long and four wide with the remains of prisoners of war remained after the Nazi occupation of Vyazma (October 1941-March 12, 1943) at the intersection of Repin and Kronstadt streets. Here, in the building of the current Vyazemsky meat processing plant - then it was an unfinished aviation plant without a roof, windows and doors, in October 1941, the invaders organized the Dulag-184 transit camp. In the first months of the war, it was surrounded by militias who survived the “meat grinder” of the Vyazemsky cauldron. Many were brought from the battlefield in serious condition. In the first winter of 1941-1942 alone, up to 70 thousand prisoners died. The dead were dumped into huge ditches. Seventy years later, the mass grave site has become a wasteland. According to requirements local residents, in the 90s of the last century, a modest stele with a bell was erected in a vacant lot in memory of the tragedy that happened here. There were five “death factories” on the territory of Vyazma.
The author of the project for the Vyazemsky monument in memory of the victims of the German transit camp is People's Artist of Russia, one of the leading sculptors of our country, Salavat Shcherbakov. The memorial consists of three concrete steles 3-4 meters high. On the central stele, in bronze relief, the soldiers who died here are represented and civilians. Behind them there were spruce trees and a camp tower. The composition is framed by photographs of people taken from original photographs of the dead, given to the sculptor by relatives and search engines. 50 photographs are embedded in the surface of the monument.
The casting for the monument was made in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region, the granite slab was ordered in St. Petersburg, and the concrete bases were ordered in Smolensk. The foundation was made in Vyazma, the bronze relief was made in Moscow. The total weight of all structural elements is about 20 tons.
Former prisoner Sofia Anvaer recalled: “Through the barbed wire, city residents saw our suffering and tried to help. Women and children wrapped in rags approached the wire and threw packages with some kind of food. The prisoners rushed towards them, and a machine gun banged on the tower. People fell with their hands outstretched for food. Women on the other side of the fence also fell. It was impossible to help us. Thirst joined the pangs of hunger and cold. It was no longer possible to go into the basement where there was water - the entrance to it was blocked by a mountain of corpses. People drank, straining through a rag the liquid mud from the yard, mixed with thousands of boots.”
6. "People of the world, stand up for a minute"
The main components of the “People of the World Stand Up for a Minute” complex, installed in Moscow, in memory of prisoners of fascist death camps during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, are three black granite slabs.”
The first slab symbolizes juvenile prisoners concentration camps who were tortured there during the war.
The second slab is dedicated to all prisoners - men and women.
The third memorial plate symbolizes prisoners - Soviet military personnel and is dedicated to the memory of those killed in the death camps of Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Ravensbrück and Auschwitz.
7. "Tragedy of Nations"
In Moscow, on Poklonnaya Hill in 1997, the monument “Tragedy of Nations” was erected, its author is Zurab Tsereteli.
The sculpture commemorates the victims of the fascist genocide.
8. Sculptural composition “Come back victorious!”
On May 8, 2009, at the exhibition complex of the open-air museum "Salyut, Victory!" in the park named after Frunze of Orenburg held the opening of a new sculptural
compositions. The sculptural group depicts an Orenburg woman with children mournfully seeing off the head of the family to the front, made by Moscow sculptor Vasily Nikolaev and dedicated to the feat of Orenburg women, workers, mothers during the harsh war years.
9. Sculpture "Motherland"
The sculpture "Motherland" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest sculpture-statue in the world at the time of construction. Its height is 52 meters, arm length is 20 meters and sword length is 33 meters. The total height of the sculpture is 85 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the sword is 14 tons. Currently, the statue ranks 11th on the list of tallest statues in the world.
The silhouette of the sculpture “Motherland” was taken as a basis when developing the coat of arms and flag of the Volgograd region.
At the foot of the Motherland monument, the commander of the 62nd Army, who especially distinguished himself in Battle of Stalingrad, Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov.
The statue is an allegorical image of the Motherland, calling its sons to fight the enemy!
10. Monument to a grieving mother
In Zadonsk there is also a wonderful monument to Mother - Maria Matveevna Frolova, the mother of 12 children, who lost everyone at the front.
11. Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and her deceased sons.
“Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers
Those who did not come from the bloody fields,
They once did not die in our land,
And they turned into white cranes...”
Memory cranes can increasingly be found on the ground. They set off on an eternal flight from various places in our Motherland.
In the Samara region, the maternal valor of the remarkable Russian woman Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and the military feat of her fallen sons are immortalized. When the war began, all nine Volodichkin brothers, one after another, left to defend their Fatherland. Already in June-July 1941 they fought in different sectors of the front. Praskovya Eremeevna had to accompany them alone, since the head of the family, Pavel Vasilyevich, had died by that time. But the mother didn’t even say goodbye to the youngest, Nikolai. He just handed over a short note, rolled up: “Mom, dear mother. Don't worry, don't worry. Don't worry. We're going to the front. Let's defeat the fascists and we'll all come back to you. Wait. Yours Kolka.”
But Praskovya Eremeevna did not wait for her sons. No one. Five of them - Nikolai, Andrey, Fedor, Mikhail, Alexander - died in 1941-1943. After the fifth funeral, the mother’s heart could not stand it. The sixth - to Vasily, who died in January 1945, came to an empty house, to which all wounded in the summer of 45 Peter, Ivan and Konstantin returned. But one after another they began to die from numerous wounds received at the front.
And on May 7, 1995, on a steep cliff not far from the house located on the street with the symbolic name Krasnoarmeyskaya, a majestic memorial made of granite and bronze stood up. Nine bronze cranes rush into the sky from an 11-meter stele. And in front of her stands a sculpture of Praskovya Eremeevna. Ahead is a 7-ton granite monument with the names of all the sons and their mother and the text: “To the Volodichkin family - grateful Russia.”
12. To the patriotic mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her deceased sons
In 1975, a monument to the patriotic mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her deceased sons was solemnly opened in Zhodino. The composition of the monument includes two parts: on one pedestal there is a figure of a mother escorting her children to the front, a little in front are five sons going into battle. The younger one fell behind and turned around, as if he wanted to say: “Wait for us with victory, mom!”
We need to remember that once there was a terrible war, and Mother lost five of her sons. Victory in this war came at a high price, and we must all take care of the world so that our mothers never mourn their sons again.
13. Monument to “Mothers of War”
In the Leningrad Region, in the village of Bobrovka, Troitsky District, a monument to the “Mothers of War” was unveiled.
14. “Sorrow Square” in St. Petersburg
The sculpture of the memorial complex is a sculpture of the mother, located on the “Sorrow Square”. It contains all the pain of mothers who lost their relatives in the war.
15. Victory Monument in Penza
One of the main regional monuments dedicated to labor and military exploits in the Great Patriotic War in the city of Penza is the Victory Monument. The memorial, installed on May 9, 1975 in a new microdistrict, which later became the central district of the city, has a height of 5.6 meters and is now part of the architectural composition of Victory Square. The authors of the monument were: the St. Petersburg sculptor who participated in the creation of the monument to the First Settler, V.G. Kozenyuk, G.D. Yastrebenetsky, N.O. Teplov and architect V.A. Sokhin.
The Monument to Labor and Military Glory is presented in the form of a bronze figure of a woman with a child on her left shoulder and a warrior-defender holding a rifle with one hand and protecting his mother with the other. The sculptural composition stands on pedestals of different heights, the highest point of which is a gilded branch in the hands of a child. The monument is located in the very center of five granite flights of stairs, shaped like a five-pointed star, the continuation of which is five streets: Lunacharsky, Lenin, Karpinsky, Kommunisticheskaya and Pobedy Avenue. In a niche of one of the walls of the ramp there is a unique Book of Memory about 114 thousand fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War, whose names were known at the time of the opening of the monument. Near the monument burns the Eternal Flame, lit in Moscow at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and delivered in an army armored car to Penza.
The Victory Monument, opened on the thirtieth anniversary of the Great Victory in Penza, still serves as a place of honor guard service on May 9, February 23 and on the day of memory and sorrow - June 22.
16. Monument to Misha Panikakha
The monument to Misha Panikakha was opened in May 1975 in Volgograd. The creators of the monument, architect Kharitonov and designer Belousov, depicted Misha at the moment of his heroic throw with a grenade in his hands on the main Nazi tank.
17. Monument Soviet soldiers, who fell in the battles for the liberation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1945.
18. Murmansk memorial “Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War”
It represents a huge figure of a soldier standing on the top of one of the Murmansk hills and visible from a great distance. In general, thanks to the song written in 1968, many single monuments began to be called “Alyosha” in the Soviet Union, including in Murmansk.
19. Monument to the “Defenders of Moscow”
40th kilometer of Leningradskoe highway. The city of Zelenograd is one of the new and most beautiful districts of Moscow. It is spread out freely in the forest near Moscow in the area of the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland fought to the death. From here they began their victorious journey to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle of Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. The soldiers of the Eighth Guards named after I.V. had the opportunity to defend Kryukovo. Panfilov Rifle Division, Second Guards Cavalry Corps of General L.M. Dovator and the first guards tank brigade of General M.E. Katukova. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, who had penetrated our defenses near Moscow. Knocking him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On January 4th - 6th, attacks on the enemy entrenched in Kryukovo were carried out by units of the 44th Cavalry and 8th Guards Divisions together with the 1st Tank Brigade. The Nazis stubbornly resisted and did everything to hold back the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, at the cost of their lives, pushing the enemy back from Moscow.
June 24, 1974 The opening of a monument to the defenders of Moscow, created according to the design of architects I. Pokrovsky, Yu. Sverdlovsky and A. Shteiman, took place. At the grand opening there were those who walked along the roads of war to Berlin and those who, remaining in the rear, forged formidable weapons, and those who, born after the war, never heard the thunder of guns.
On the Hill of Glory, which forever covered the ashes of the heroes, stands a forty-meter-tall obelisk in the shape of a triangular bayonet. The contours of a five-pointed star are stamped on it. At an angle to the obelisk there is a monumental stele with a bas-relief of a warrior. A heavy helmet shades his eyes, looking sternly out of the stone. A laurel branch is carved on one of the blocks. Nearby are the words: “1941. Here the defenders of Moscow, who died in battle for their Motherland, remained immortal forever.”
At the foot of the hill on a black marble slab is a bronze bowl. Along its inner side there is an ornament made of red copper - an oak branch - a symbol eternal life. On the bowl is the inscription: “The Motherland will never forget her sons.”
19. Monument to the "Defenders of Moscow"
On the Leningradskoye Highway (23rd kilometer) there is another famous one - a composition of huge anti-tank "Hedgehogs".
20. “Rear to Front”
The monument located in the city of Magnitogorsk. Its height is 15 meters. The monument is a two-figure composition of a worker and a warrior. The worker is oriented to the east, towards the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. Warrior to the west, towards where the enemy was located during the Great Patriotic War. It is implied that the sword, forged on the banks of the Urals, was then raised by the Motherland in Stalingrad and lowered after the victory in Berlin. The composition also includes an eternal flame in the form of a granite star-flower.
The monument is complemented by two human-sized trapezoids, on which are written in bas-relief the names of Magnitogorsk residents who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War.
On May 9, 2005, the opening of another addition took place, made in the form of two triangular sections, symmetrically filled with elevations of their granite, on which are carved the names of Magnitogorsk residents who died in the Great Patriotic War. In total there are more than 14,000 names.
Conclusion
In the course of our work, we found out that the monuments are dedicated not only to heroic soldiers who shed blood at the front, but also to children, mothers, and home front workers. Monuments were erected not only in our country, but also in other countries whose liberators were Soviet soldiers. Their feat is remembered and honored there.
When we conducted a survey about the need to install monuments, everyone answered that it was very important. It is necessary to remember and know your history.
In our work we collected information about many monuments. I was especially touched by the sculptures dedicated to children and mothers.
Literature
1. https:// fishki.net
2. https://
There is no family in Russia where they will not tell you about the tragic loss loved one during the Great Patriotic War. We owe those events not only terrible losses, but also an unprecedented rise in national self-awareness. Grief and suffering have always made people sensitive to injustice. Remember the movies post-war years- Hollywood, with its sky-high budgets, will never come close to those masterpieces with their truthfulness and nobility.
The way a country lying in ruins rose from its knees in a matter of years inspired justified fear in geopolitical enemies, and respect and admiration for friends in the socialist camp. History has not preserved such collective feats. And every testimony of those years, every monument to the Great Patriotic War revives the genetic memory of those who are not indifferent, causing noble rage, as in a song, to boil at the sight of arrogant adversaries trying to belittle the contribution of the Russian people to the victory over world evil.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
The legendary Eternal Flame, sung in hundreds of works, burning in the Alexander Garden, personifies all those millions of nameless lives thrown into this symbolic flame of war. And the fact that this is the most famous of all memorials, that it is located in the heart of the country, that modern heroes stand guard around the clock, speaks of the significance of the sacrifice and the gratitude of the survivors.
And how many feelings the short inscription evokes - “Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal.” When you read these words, everything inside freezes - this heart responds, remembering the great grief, feelings become numb, imagining the scale of the tragedy, and the imagination draws pictures of burned villages and roads lined with bodies - the corpses of those whose names will never be known. Monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War have this effect on all descendants of those terrible days. That is why it is difficult to look at the bloody events in fraternal Ukraine and at all the unjust conflicts in the world, of which there are an alarming number.
Mamayev Kurgan - a monumental monument to the Great Patriotic War
Height 102 - this is how those who shed blood on the Stalingrad front remember this strategic point on the officer’s tablet. Received its name during no less difficult times, Mamayev Kurgan even during the Tatar invasion served as a stronghold for the defenders of their native land. And as if created to be a stronghold of defense, the mound confirmed its calling during the years of a new invasion of evil spirits.
The dry military language, along with the thunder of guns, became a thing of the past, and Hill 102 became the Mound of Glory. Why don’t modern monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War evoke the same awe and reverence that comes when looking at the creations of the period of the country’s restoration from the fascist invasion? Probably, you need to experience this historical event, with its pain, death and inevitability, in order to be able to convey the significance of the war and the phenomenon of universal unification.
Motherland
The central figure on Mamayev Kurgan is the colossal figure of a mother leading the sons and daughters of war into battle. Anything less grandiose would not be worthy of serving as a reminder of more than six months of battle and 34.5 thousand fallen. This monument to the Great Patriotic War reaches a height of 85 m, and its weight ranges between 8 thousand tons. But it’s not only the scale of the architecture that makes you stand with respect at height 102. Something in the faces and figures of the statues does not allow you to raise your voice, and your thoughts cannot routinely go through household problems - unusual thoughts about heroism and self-sacrifice creep into your head.
Tribute to the fallen on the Kursk Bulge
And although it is difficult to create a monument in the same way as an artist who has walked through the battlefields, this does not mean that we need to forget about new creations glorifying the exploits of our fathers. Especially when we are talking about such an event as the battle on the Kursk Bulge. For a month and a half in the bloody year of 1943, Russia and Ukraine fought together for survival in the Kursk region. With an incredible number of losses, the command managed to put the enemy to flight.
And do not listen to those who talk about the unpreparedness of the generals and that so many casualties could have been avoided. We were up against superior, well-trained units with the best equipment and weapons. We were attacked on the sly, stabbed in the back, and we alone dealt with the monster. No one has the right to judge us as long as we remember and build new monuments to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War.
Despite strange attempts to distort history and whitewash Nazism, we remember the heroes and build new monuments to them of the Great Patriotic War. Children and adults, everyone who follows us, will be left with a majestic arch crowned with the figure of St. George the Victorious. Together with the statue of Zhukov and the tomb of the unknown soldier of the Kursk land, it will preserve the sacrifices of the victors in the hearts of their children for hundreds of years.
Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill
No matter how much they scold our memory of the war years, there are countless monuments to those times in Russia. Although I would like more such outstanding ones as Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. This monument to the Great Patriotic War occupies 135 hectares, including a museum dedicated to the exploits of soldiers, a Victory Monument and three churches. The main attraction is the obelisk 141.8 m high. This figure has a sacred meaning - the most terrible and bloody war in history lasted 1481 days. The obelisk is accompanied by the figures of Nike - the goddess of victory and St. George the Victorious by the hand of Z. Tsereteli.
Marshal Pokryshkin
The rich history of monuments to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War includes hundreds of figures and busts dedicated to specific individuals who contributed to the cause of victory. One of them is a bust of three times Hero of the Soviet Union, Air Marshal Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin, installed in his homeland - Novosibirsk. Having started the war as a young lieutenant, on August 19, 1944, Pokryshkin became the country's first three-time hero.
Monument to Zhukov in Moscow
The most famous commander, who was repeatedly depicted in stone, was the indomitable Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. Marshal of the Soviet Union, four times war hero and holder of two orders of victory, he was not just a commander - the soldiers called him father. He could live in the trenches with ordinary soldiers, steadfastly, as in the regulations, enduring all the hardships. Like no one, often to the detriment of their own comfort, cared for the rank and file, which often caused discontent among the officers.
A monument to the Great Patriotic War dedicated to Zhukov can be found in almost every city in Russia. Isn't this evidence of his merits and people's respect? But the most impressive and famous is located on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow. This is a majestic figure by the hand of master Klykov. It is not surprising that a person like Zhukov was honored that so often the names of monuments to the Great Patriotic War contain this legendary surname.
Is it worth remembering
The history of World War II monuments maps the loss and suffering of humanity. Wars have always been an everyday occurrence for humans, and the fact that today only those countries that can guarantee to erase the enemy from the map with atomic weapons is safe suggests that peace is a myth. People quickly get used to good things. But as history shows, war is necessary for development - the greatest leaps in the development of nations occur during times of greatest tension. And countless monuments to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War serve the best reminder and warning.
The connection of people with their past, with their history is memory. One of the best ways to perpetuate the memory of outstanding person or important historical event– . For the vast majority of Russians, one of these events is the Great Patriotic War. Now there are WWII monuments in almost every city, especially in the European part of Russia.
Despite the abundance of memorials and small memorial objects, new ones are still being installed, because after that war there were many “dark spots” left, many heroic stories that deserve to be immortalized. If you are interested WWII monuments, production Such structures can be ordered from our company. We guarantee a professional approach, attention to every detail, and competitive prices.
How the company "Fresh Look" works
These memorial structures are a separate category, not just an architectural composition. This is an opportunity to show the respect of current generations for the heroic past of their people, their country, their ancestors. By ordering one dedicated to the fallen of the Second World War, you can perpetuate the memory of an important historical era and its heroes for centuries.
The manufacture and installation of new memorial structures is now a common practice. Monuments to the victory of the Second World War are ordered not only by government organizations, but also by relatives of the victims, relatives of veterans, and simply caring people. Monuments are erected at the sites of hostilities and at mass graves. The company "Fresh Look" are specialists high class who will approach the execution of the order with full responsibility. Some principles of our work:
- Designers who strive to convey as accurately and vividly as possible the character traits of the heroes of the Second World War and the spirit of the events of that time. All artistic images are intertwined to create certain accents required by the customer.
- Extensive practical experience allows us to successfully carry out orders of any complexity, creating unique architectural and sculptural compositions. The company's staff includes real stone processing professionals, historians, and symbolism experts.
- Attention to all details - careful selection of materials, determination of color design and dimensions of the structure, type and location of inscriptions. We are talking about complex work, which is carried out in strict accordance with the wishes of the customer.
We create memorial complexes of the Great Patriotic War in constant interaction with the client. He can control the manufacturing process and make adjustments at the design stage. All solutions proposed by designers are included in the project only after agreement with the customer. You can choose one of the standard options, which you only need to adapt to certain people and events.
Services for the restoration of WWII monuments
Unfortunately, over time, memorial structures begin to deteriorate, especially if there is no proper regular maintenance. But these are still objects of memory, and it is possible to return them to their original appearance - for this it is enough to carry out restoration work. Our specialists can carry out restoration of any WWII monuments, of any design and from any materials. We will restore the beauty of this memorial building!
To place an order, contact the Fresh Look company!
They keep the memory of the little people of the war. And even about God’s little creatures - camels, donkeys and pigeons who helped in the war. These are monuments to courage and a destroyed world. And hope, of course.
"We'll all come back to you"
Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina had nine sons go to the front in one draft. Six died in the war, three died of wounds barely returning home. And then Praskovya Eremeevna herself left - she could not stand the grief that came to her. And she didn’t even say goodbye to her youngest son, Nikolai. He was finishing active service in Transbaikalia, they were already waiting for him home, but their unit was immediately taken to the front. When he was passing the Volga, he threw a rolled-up note out of the window of the car: “Mom, dear mother. Don't worry, don't worry. Don't worry. We're going to the front. Let's defeat the fascists and we'll all come back to you. Wait. Yours Kolka.”
Isn't the film Saving Private Ryan about a similar impossible story? Such cruel coincidences, which people try not to believe (“A bomb does not fall into the same crater a second time!”) reveal the cruelty of time and fate. This is what it is - too much. But there were several such families in Russia, we just don’t know about them all. Here, in Alekseevka, a suburb of Samara, circumstances developed in a certain way. In the 1980s, school teacher Nina Kosareva, working at the same school where the Volodichkin brothers once studied, created an amateur memorial museum in one of the rooms of their former house. And the initiative to build the monument belongs to working group regional Book of Memory.
And now on the street of the former Krasnoarmeyskaya, and now the Volodichkin Brothers, a monument appeared - to Praskovya Eremeevna, Alexander, Andrey, Peter, Ivan, Vasily, Mikhail, Konstantin, Fedor and Nikolai.
Monument to the Crying Horse
It is called the “monument to the crying horse.” The orphaned, exhausted bronze horse bowed its head - mourning its rider, master, friend. These days, fortunately, we rarely see horses crying. There were many of them during the Great Patriotic War. Unfortunately, the cavalrymen were practically doomed to certain death. During the civil war, which ended (relative to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War) relatively recently - only some twenty years ago, it was the cavalry that formed the basis of the army. But between the 20s and 40s of the last century, progress, including military progress, developed at a rapid pace - much faster than army administration. And as a result, many horsemen went to the front, helpless in front of enemy tanks and planes. Ossetians have always been excellent horsemen. It is not surprising that many of the dead cavalry soldiers were among them.
Postman
Triangles of front letters. One of the symbols of the Great Patriotic War. They were read by the whole family, and in villages - sometimes by the whole street, they were kept in boxes, rivers of tears were shed over them - tears of faith, hope, love. The symbol is more rear than front. However, Corporal Ivan Leontyev, a forwarding postman of the 33rd Infantry Regiment of the 6th Red Banner Rifle Division, immortalized on this monument, died in 1944 just at the front. He was delivering mail to the front line and came under enemy artillery fire. The last letter that Ivan Leontyev himself sent home is dated January 1944. Postman Leontyev was not a special hero - and he was, of course. But he became a symbol of the profession because his military fate was typical. He was awarded a medal - like many of his fellow army postmen; Many times, under fire, he brought letters from relatives to soldiers in the trenches; they were waiting for him, along with his bag full of letters - and the weight of a front-line postman’s bag on average was equal to the weight of a machine gun. This is what employees, veterans, heads of Russian Post branches said at the opening ceremony - everyone who participated in thinking about and discussing the monument. The monument was created with the participation of the Russian Post.
Bear and Masha
The hardships of wartime are when Astrakhan steppe camels are used as draft force. But there was such a thing. In particular, the camels Mishka and Mashka took part in the legendary Battle of Stalingrad and reached from the Lower Volga region to Berlin. Now they are cast in bronze, in their usual environment - next to a military weapon and a soldier with a machine gun on his knees, who sat down to rest. And one of the camels, without hesitation, followed his example. Tired.
Bronze fashion magazine page
There is a wide bronze stele, and on it, as if on an ordinary clothes hanger, women’s clothes are hanging on hooks. There are 17 sets in total, like a bronze page from a fashion magazine. There is only one difference, and it is very significant - these are not fashionable toilets, but uniforms for women who participated in the Second World War. These are work overalls, driver's overalls, welder's protective clothing, medical uniform... Helmets, jackets, riding breeches. This monument is called very simply - Women in the Second World War.
The war changed the lives of seven million British housewives. They replaced men - and became firefighters, fighters air defense, workers of the “women’s land army” and defense factories, drivers and mechanics. And the inscription on the monument used the font from wartime food cards.
The creation of this monument was proposed by retired Major David McNally Robertson in 1997. The idea was supported by the Speaker of the House of Commons, Baroness Betty Boothroyd, who became a patron of the project and raised money for it on the TV show “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?” About £1 million was given by Queen Elizabeth II, who herself worked as a driver during the war. The remaining funds were provided by various charitable foundations.
Bronze Shoes Embankment
Flowers are placed not only in crystal vases, but also in bronze shoes, tightly screwed to the Danube embankment. A total of 60 pairs - men's, children's and women's, new, elegant, trampled, old-fashioned. In 1944 - 1945, there were also many pairs of shoes here, only not bronze ones, but real ones - both worn out and sewn according to the latest fashion of the forties. Made to serve their owners for a long time, to make them beautiful and elegant, so that they can walk comfortably. But the fate of these shoes - and the whole world - turned out differently. Before being shot, people driven to the banks of the Danube were forced to take off their shoes so that the shoes would not disappear. She didn't disappear - people disappeared.
All donkeys go to heaven
Not only people fought and died. This monument is dedicated to animals who participated in World War II. It is not surprising that he appeared in England - a country where the Mary Dickin Medal, the highest military award for animals, exists. It depicts carrier pigeons, a dog, camels, horses, a mule, an elephant, a wolf, a cow and a cat. And the medal - it was first awarded in 1942 - was awarded to 60 animals: dogs, pigeons, donkeys, an elephant, and one cat.
The cat who received the highest honor was named Simon (circa 1947 - November 28, 1948). He was a ship's cat from the sloop of war Amethyst of the Royal Navy. He was awarded "for boosting the morale" of sailors during the Yangtze River Incident and for keeping the ship's supplies rat-free. During a military clash, the cat was wounded.
The inscription “They had no choice” is laconic and more than eloquent. The monument was erected with private donations.
Terkin - who is he?
The most famous fictional front-line soldier is Vasily Terkin, invented and sung by Alexander Tvardovsky. Both of them - the author and his hero - are sitting on a bivouac in the center of Smolensk - Tvardovsky’s homeland - and are cheerfully joking about something. Thus, Vasily Terkin, as it were, became incarnate, from something imagined he became real - a symbol of an apt word, consolation, perseverance, humility and good spirits - everything that is so necessary in war.
Pigeons
Vitya Cherevichkin lived in Rostov,
He did very well at school.
And in my free time I always usually
He released his favorite pigeons.
This song was sung by the entire post-war country. During the occupation of Rostov-on-Don, the Germans strictly forbade civilians from breeding pigeons, equating them to radio transmitters - they were afraid of using pigeon mail. The feat of the teenager Vitya Cherevichkin was that, being an avid pigeon-keeper, he drew diagrams of the location of German units in the city, and transported them with pigeons to his brother in Bataysk. For this he was shot. According to another version, he simply defended his own dovecote from the invaders. And this in no way detracts from his merits - you need to have great courage to defend your dovecote from the enemy.
The most faithful friend
And yet man's most faithful friend is a dog. Everywhere - in warmth, and in trouble, and in sorrow, and in joy. Including at the front. There is nothing to add here.
Doll and teapot
Three children dressed warmly and very uncomfortably. A girl is holding an old, ugly, beloved doll. The boy is holding a large teapot. He is the eldest in this group, he needs to take care of the others. These are the children of besieged Leningrad. And the monument itself stands in Omsk. Why? This is indicated by the signature on the pedestal: “More than 17 thousand children were evacuated from besieged Leningrad to the Omsk region.” This is how they were brought - exhausted, pulled out from their family (if the family was still intact, alive), rescued. They were taken along the legendary Road of Life and at the risk of this very life that had just begun.
Lidice
And again - children, children, children. In total - eighty-two children; their figures are cast in bronze in life-size. This is exactly how many children - 40 boys and 42 girls - were killed by the Nazis in 1942 in the Czech mining village of Lidice. The village itself was completely destroyed. This is a very laconic, very simple, strong monument.