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Federal Law on the State Language. Legislative framework of the Russian Federation. On writing the names of states - former republics of the USSR and their capitals

Electrodynamics
31.01.2021

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT THE STATE LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Accepted

State Duma

Approved

Federation Council

This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation, protecting and developing linguistic culture.

Federal Law of 01.01.2001 “On approval of the federal program for the development of education” (as amended by the Federal Law of 01.01.2001). " Russian newspaper", N 72, 04/13/2000.

Subsection 2. Problems of education

The development of education is taking place in a very difficult situation. The activities of educational institutions have a destabilizing effect on factors, among which the main ones are:

There is a growing threat of violation of the unity of the educational space in terms of teaching Russian as the state language. Discrepancies in the federal and national-regional components of the standards for the humanities are increasing.

Section III. DIRECTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM

AND EXPECTED RESULTS

Subsection 1. General directions of development

education systems

The main directions of development of the education system are:

implementation of the rights of citizens to study the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation and the official working language of the United Nations;

6. Higher and postgraduate professional education.


The main directions of development of higher and postgraduate vocational education are:

creation of a system of state support for teaching in foreign countries the Russian language as the official working language of the United Nations and other international organizations - a world-class cultural language.

Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its entire territory is Russian.

Federal Law of 01.01.2001 N 8-FZ "On the All-Russian Population Census". “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, N 17, 01/29/2002.

Article 6.Information about the population and the procedure for collecting it.

1. Information on the population may contain the following data on persons subject to the All-Russian Population Census:

age (date of birth);

citizenship (state of citizenship, presence of dual citizenship, name of the state or states of which the person being interviewed is a citizen);

nationality;

language proficiency (native language, Russian language, another language or other languages);

general education (primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general) and vocational (primary vocational, secondary vocational, higher vocational, postgraduate vocational);

marital status;

amount of children;

family relationships with persons living together;

place of birth (name of state, subject of the Russian Federation);

place of residence and (or) place of stay (name of the state, subject of the Russian Federation, municipality, urban, rural settlement);

living conditions (type of living space, time of construction of the house, size of the total and living area, number of living rooms, types of improvement of the living space);

sources of livelihood (income from work or other occupation, pension, including disability pension, scholarship, allowance, other type of government support, other source of livelihood);

employment (the presence of work or other occupation that is a source of livelihood, or the absence thereof).

Information regarding the purpose of their arrival in the Russian Federation is collected about persons temporarily staying on the territory of the Russian Federation, but permanently residing outside the Russian Federation.

4. The population survey is carried out in Russian. In the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, a survey of the population can be carried out on state language the corresponding republic. In places of compact residence of indigenous peoples, the population survey can be carried out in the language of the corresponding indigenous peoples. If the person being interviewed does not speak the language in which the interview is being conducted, he is provided with the right to use the services of an interpreter.

5. Census forms are filled out by persons collecting information about the population in Russian from the words of the respondents.

Federal Law of 25 N 73-FZ "On objects cultural heritage(monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation." "Parliamentary newspaper", N 120-121, 06/29/2002.

Article 27.Information inscriptions and designations on cultural heritage sites.

1. At cultural heritage sites included in the register, inscriptions and designations must be installed containing information about the cultural heritage object (hereinafter referred to as information inscriptions and designations). The inscriptions are made in Russian - the state language of the Russian Federation and in the state languages ​​of the republics - constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for installing information inscriptions and symbols onobjects of cultural heritage of federal significancedetermined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. The procedure for installing information inscriptions and symbols oncultural heritage sites of regional significanceorobjects of cultural heritage of local (municipal) significancedetermined by the law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a municipal legal act.

3. The responsibility for installing information inscriptions and signs on cultural heritage objects rests with the owners of the objects.

Executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to install information inscriptions and designations on cultural heritage sites of federal significance in agreement with the federal body for the protection of cultural heritage sites.

Federal Law of 01.01.2001 N 108-Federal Law “On the All-Russian Agricultural Census”. "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 161, 07/26/2005.

Article 10. Information about the objects of the agricultural census and the procedure for collecting this information.

5. Census forms are filled out in Russian.

6. The survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census is carried out in Russian. In the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, the survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census can be carried out in the state language of the corresponding republic. In places of compact residence of indigenous peoples, the survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census can be carried out in the language of the corresponding indigenous peoples. If the person being interviewed does not speak the language in which the survey is being conducted, it may be carried out in a language that the person being interviewed speaks.

Resolution of the Constitutional Court of 01/01/2001. “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”, November 22, 2004, No. 47, Art. 4691.

In the Russian Federation, the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and the state languages ​​of the republics within the Russian Federation are built on the graphic basis of the Cyrillic alphabet; other graphic bases of the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and the state languages ​​of the republics may be established by federal laws.

At the same time, the Constitution of the Russian Federation - taking into account factors determined by historical and national character features of the constitutional and legal status of the republics within the Russian Federation - recognizes their right to establish their own state languages ​​and use them in government bodies, local governments, government institutions republics along with the state language of the Russian Federation (Article 68, part 2) and guarantees all peoples of the Russian Federation the right to preserve native language, creating conditions for its study and development (Article 68, Part 3), which in turn serves the interests of preserving and developing bilingualism (multilingualism) in the Russian Federation.

The named provisions of Article 68 are in a systematic connection with other provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which establish the foundations of the federal structure of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state (Article 4, Part 1; Article 5, Part 3), the status of republics within the Russian Federation (Article 66, Part 1 ), as well as regulating the status of the individual - on the possession by every citizen of the Russian Federation on its territory of all rights and freedoms and the bearing of equal responsibilities provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 6, part 2), on the equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen, regardless of any or circumstances, including nationality, language and place of residence (Article 19, part 2), on guarantees of the rights of everyone to use their native language, on the free choice of the language of communication, education, training and creativity (Article 26, part 2), on the prohibition propaganda of linguistic superiority (Article 29, part 2).



Project 63221-3


THE FEDERAL LAW
About the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the functioning of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.

Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. The Russian language has the status of the state language throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
2. The status of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for the mandatory use of the Russian language in the areas determined by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the rights of citizens to use the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.

Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

The legislation of the Russian Federation on the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law. Law of the RSFSR "On the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation", other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Article 3. Norms of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. The norms of the Russian language are established in Russian language dictionaries. The procedure for approving Russian language dictionaries as generally obligatory reference aids when using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as the procedure for the official publication of these dictionaries, is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. When using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, the use of offensive words in relation to race, nationality, profession, social category, age group, gender, language, religious, political and other beliefs of citizens, the use of obscene words and expressions, as well as foreign words and phrases if there are corresponding analogues in the Russian language.

Article 4. Areas of use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. The Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use:
in the activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, state and municipal organizations, including the conduct of office work in them, as well as in the names of these bodies and organizations;
in the preparation and conduct of elections and referendums in the Russian Federation;
in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative and arbitration proceedings and office work, with the exception of arbitration resolution of disputes arising in the field of international trade, in legal proceedings and office work before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
upon official publication of the texts of laws and other normative legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation;
in the relationships between state authorities and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in the relationships between state authorities and local governments;
in the relations of the Russian Federation with foreign and international organizations operating on the territory of the Russian Federation;
when the subjects of the Russian Federation carry out international and foreign economic relations;
in the relationships of government bodies, other government bodies, local government bodies, state and municipal organizations with citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons, as well as with organizations and public associations;
in industry, transport, energy and communications;
in the names of geographical objects, when designing road signs;
when preparing forms of documents certifying the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, forms of certificates of state registration of acts of civil status, documents on education issued by educational institutions with state accreditation, other documents, the execution of which is in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation Federation is carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation; when registering the addresses of senders and recipients of telegrams and postal items, as well as postal transfer forms sent within the territory of the Russian Federation;
in the activities of all-Russian, regional and municipal television and radio broadcasting organizations, editorial offices of all-Russian, regional and municipal periodicals, with the exception of television and radio broadcasting organizations and editorial offices of periodicals specially established for broadcasting or publishing printed materials in the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, others languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as in foreign languages;
in other areas determined in accordance with federal laws.
2. The use, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, of the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, as well as other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. In the case of using, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state language of the republic, another language of the peoples of the Russian Federation, the text in Russian must be legible, executed in the same format as the text in the state language of the republic or another language of the peoples of the Russian Federation, and in its content fully correspond to the text in the state language of the republic or another language of the peoples of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. The provisions of paragraph 3 of this article do not apply to officially registered names or trade names, as well as to trademarks (service marks).

Article 5. Protection and support of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

In order to protect and support the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the Russian Federation:
ensure the functioning of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation;
develop and adopt federal laws and other regulatory legal acts, develop and implement federal target programs aimed at protecting, supporting and developing the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
take measures aimed at ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
take measures to improve the education system and training of specialists in the field of the Russian language;
promote the study of the Russian language outside the Russian Federation;
exercise control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
take other measures to protect and support the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.

Article 6. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for:
obtaining education in Russian in state and municipal educational institutions;
receiving information in Russian from government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, as well as from state and municipal organizations;
obtaining information in Russian through all-Russian, regional and municipal means mass media. This provision does not apply to media outlets specially established for broadcasting or publishing printed materials in the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as in foreign languages.
2. Persons who do not speak the state language of the Russian Federation, when exercising and protecting their rights and legitimate interests on the territory of the Russian Federation in cases provided for by federal laws, are provided with the right to use the services of an interpreter.

Article 7. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

The adoption of laws and other regulatory legal acts aimed at limiting the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as other actions that impede the exercise of the right of citizens to use the state language of the Russian Federation, entail liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 8. Entry into force of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law comes into force on the date of its official publication.
2. To propose to the President of the Russian Federation and instruct the Government of the Russian Federation to bring its legal acts into compliance with this Federal Law.

The president
Russian Federation

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT THE STATE LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State Duma

Federation Council

This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation, protecting and developing linguistic culture.

Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its entire territory is Russian.

2. The status of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for the mandatory use of the Russian language in the areas defined by this Federal Law, other federal laws, the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-1 “On the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation” and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation.

3. The procedure for approving the norms of modern Russian literary language when used as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The state language of the Russian Federation is a language that promotes mutual understanding and strengthens interethnic ties between the peoples of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state.

5. Protection and support of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation contributes to the increase and mutual enrichment of the spiritual culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

6. When using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, it is not permitted to use words and expressions that do not comply with the norms of the modern Russian literary language (including obscene language), with the exception of foreign words that do not have commonly used analogues in the Russian language.

7. The mandatory use of the state language of the Russian Federation should not be interpreted as a denial or derogation of the right to use the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation and the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation

The legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws, Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-1 “On the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation” and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating language problems.

Article 3. Areas of use of the state language of the Russian Federation

1. The state language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use:

1) in the activities of federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership, including in the activities of record keeping;

2) in the names of federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership;

3) during the preparation and conduct of elections and referendums;

4) in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative proceedings, proceedings in arbitration courts, proceedings in federal courts, proceedings and proceedings before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

6) in the relationships between federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership and citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, public associations;

7) when writing names of geographical objects, applying inscriptions to road signs;

8) when preparing identity documents of a citizen of the Russian Federation, except for cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, preparing forms of certificates of state registration of acts of civil status, processing documents on education and (or) qualifications established in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" sample, as well as other documents, the execution of which in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation is carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, when registering the addresses of senders and recipients of telegrams and postal items sent within the Russian Federation Federation, postal money transfers;

9) in media products;

9.1) when showing films in cinema halls;

9.2) during public performances of works of literature, art, folk art through theatrical and entertainment, cultural, educational, entertainment and entertainment events;

11) in other areas determined by federal laws.

1.1. In the areas specified in clauses 9, 9.1, 9.2 and 10 of part 1 of this article, and in other cases provided for by federal laws, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, also foreign languages.

2. In cases of use in the areas specified in part 1 of this article, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state language of a republic located within the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign language texts in Russian and in the state language of a republic that is part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must be identical in content and technical design, made legibly, audio information (including including in audio and audiovisual materials, television and radio programs) in Russian and the specified information in the state language of the republic that is part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must also be identical in content, sound and methods of transmission.

3. The provisions of Part 2 of this article do not apply to brand names, trademarks, service marks, as well as television and radio programs, audio and audiovisual materials, printed publications intended for teaching the official languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation and other languages peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

Article 4. Protection and support of the state language of the Russian Federation

In order to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation, federal government bodies, within their competence:

1) ensure the functioning of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation;

2) develop and adopt federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, develop and implement relevant federal target programs aimed at protecting and supporting the state language of the Russian Federation;

3) take measures aimed at ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation;

4) take measures to improve the education system and the system of training specialists in the field of the Russian language and teachers of the Russian language as a foreign language, and also carry out the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel for educational organizations with training in Russian outside the Russian Federation;

5) promote the study of the Russian language outside the Russian Federation;

6) provide state support for the publication of dictionaries and grammars of the Russian language;

7) exercise control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation, including the use of words and expressions that do not comply with the norms of the modern Russian literary language, by organizing an independent examination;

8) take other measures to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation.

Article 5. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation

1. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation provides for:

1) obtaining education in Russian in state and municipal educational institutions;

2) obtaining information in Russian from federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership;

3) obtaining information in Russian through all-Russian, regional and municipal media. This provision does not apply to media outlets established specifically for television and (or) radio broadcasting or publishing printed materials in the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

2. Persons who do not speak the state language of the Russian Federation, in the implementation and protection of their rights and legitimate interests on the territory of the Russian Federation in cases provided for by federal laws, are provided with the right to use the services of translators.

Article 6. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation

1. Adoption of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at limiting the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as other actions and violations that impede the exercise of the right of citizens to use the state language Russian Federation entail liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Violation of this Federal Law entails liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 7. Entry into force of this Federal Law

This Federal Law comes into force on the date of its official publication.

The president

Russian Federation

Moscow Kremlin

Throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation, Russian is considered the main and main state language; Russian citizens are obliged to know and speak it. Any public events, official documents and public statements must be in Russian. To protect and develop measures to support and culture the described area and field of activity, clear rules and concepts are required, which are described in Federal Law 53.

General information

The federal law on the state language was adopted by the State Duma on May 20, 2005, and approved by the Federation Council on May 25, 2005. The last changes to it were made on May 5, 2014. Federal Law 53 contains 7 articles. This law regulates and controls the processes and methods of ensuring the use of the state language throughout Russia. The law also guarantees the rights of citizens to use Russian speech and provides measures for the development of culture in this area.

Summary of Federal Law No. 53 on the state language:

  • Art. 1 - information about the state language of Russia is presented, information about the properties of Russian speech and the capabilities of its speakers on the territory of the Russian Federation is presented;
  • Art. 2 - lists other laws, acts and regulations governing the described area;
  • Art. 3 - a list of areas and places where it is possible to use state. Russian language;
  • Art. 4 - information is provided on measures to protect the language, ways to develop the culture of citizens in this area and support in the described field of activity;
  • Art. 5 - describes the provision and ways of using the state language by the population on the territory of Russia;
  • Art. 6 - information on liability for violations and crimes committed in this area is provided, penalties and types of fines are listed;
  • Art. 7 - describes the date and process for the entry into force of Federal Law 53.

The described area is regulated not only by Federal Law No. 53, but also by other Federal Laws, laws of the Russian Constitution, international treaties and Law 1807-1 on various languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

Read also about the main provisions of Federal Law No. 58

According to the first article, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language is Russian. The norms and regulations by which its system is determined are established by the Government of Russia, the Government also established that all obscene words are prohibited for use in in public places or in literary or journalistic texts.

Article 3 of the described law provides a list of situations when the use of literary Russian speech is considered mandatory:

  • When carrying out any government activity. organs;
  • In cases of performance of literary works in public;
  • When writing state names. authorities in official documents;
  • In journalistic articles, advertisements or any other materials written by the media;
  • During trials or during an election campaign, before and during elections, during referendums throughout Russia;
  • During the writing and signing of official documents in the state. institutions of Russia;
  • When writing phrases or words on road signs;
  • When publishing news, decisions or government documentation. authorities via the Internet or through the media.

According to the described law, every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to communicate or study in the state language. Foreign persons coming to the territory of Russia have the right to use the services of an interpreter.

Latest changes made to the law on the state language

Latest changes to Federal Law 53 on state. language were introduced on May 5, 2014, with the adoption of Federal Law No. 101. In the first article, in paragraph number six words about literary language were supplemented with the phrase “including obscene language.”

In the third article to the first part a 9th point was added, according to which the Russian literary language must be used in media materials. The same article was supplemented with clause 9.1 , which provides information that Russian speech is considered mandatory when showing films, cartoons and animated films in cinemas. Also, clause 9.2 was added to article three , in which it is written that the Russian language is considered mandatory when implementing public speaking. During performances, performances of literary works, public theatrical productions, when conducting spectacular, entertaining, cultural, educational and other events, artists are required to speak it. Part 1.1 was added to the third article. In the areas of activity listed in the third article, along with the Russian language, the speech of other peoples of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation can be used. In certain cases, formalized in other Federal laws, foreign languages ​​may also be used.

In article four, the seventh paragraph was changed. After changes in the competence of state bodies. control and regulation, as well as monitoring of citizens, were added to the authorities to implement all provisions of Federal Law 53, as well as supervision of violations of the law. Authorities are required to monitor individuals who use expressions or words that do not comply with the norms or rules of Russian speech. Government workers executive authorities have the right to carry out an examination to verify the presence of violations and hold violators accountable.

Changes to the described Federal Law have been made only twice during its entire existence. The latest changes are described above, and the first changes were made on July 2, 2013. According to this edition, changes occurred in article 3, part one, paragraph eight. Words about writing and processing documents related to accreditation educational institutions, were changed to the phrase “execution of documents on education and (or) qualifications established in accordance with Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” sample.”

In the fourth paragraph of the fourth article all words "institution" were changed to "organization".

Download 53 Federal Laws in the latest edition

Federal Law 53 was adopted by the state to resolve conflicts among different native speakers living on the territory of the Russian Federation. If a Russian citizen has a dispute or conflict with persons of another nationality on the topic of the state language and its use, he can always turn to the described law for detailed information.

What is the state Russian language - two aspects of one concept

The modern literary Russian language is one of the most universal languages ​​in the world. With its help, absolutely any thought and concept can be expressed in several ways and fixed in the mind of the listener with varying degrees of accuracy and detail. In grammars and reference books, the structure and lexical composition of the Russian language are described to a degree of completeness that corresponds to the modern level of linguistic knowledge.

The Russian language has a developed conceptual and semantic structure, the presence of a comprehensive corpus of original texts in all functional varieties and social functions. This ensures the functioning of the Russian language as one of the world languages. Ideas about the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation require special interpretation, since they can be interpreted in two equal and complementary aspects.

Firstly, the Russian language, understood as an integral sign-communicative system, in the status of the state language is legally distinguished from the languages ​​of other indigenous peoples of Russia. Understanding the special role of the Russian language in the life of our country corresponds to the first paragraph of Article 1 of the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” (No. 53-FZ of June 1, 2005), which states that “ in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is Russian" The Russian language is recognized as a language widespread in all regions of Russia and uniting the entire territory of our multilingual country. This is the most universal language of Russia - all the most important knowledge about the world and society is expressed and recorded in an extensive corpus of texts (original and translated).

Secondly, the state status of the language, understood as a practical, social function, highlights that part of the Russian literary language that is used by state authorities and administration as not only the language of laws and regulations, but, no less important, as the language of official communication . This understanding of the state status of the Russian language corresponds to the content of Article 3 of the Federal Law on Language, which describes its functional properties. Thus, paragraph 1 of this article states that the state language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use “ in the activities of federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other government bodies, local government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership, including in office work activities", and paragraph 4 obliges the use of the Russian language " in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative proceedings, proceedings in arbitration courts, proceedings in federal courts, proceedings and proceedings before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation" and so on.

Functions of the state language

The range of theoretical issues discussed in connection with the functioning of the Russian language as a state language is usually limited to direct consequences from the statement that the grammatical and lexical repertoire linguistic means, used to solve state tasks and the implementation of state interests, must be understandable to any competent native speaker of the Russian language and, therefore, must comply with the norms of the general literary language. This interpretation of state status does not require a special description of the norms, procedures and rules for using language in this capacity, because the normative and stylistic characteristics of linguistic means are developed in detail in dictionaries and grammars of the Russian language. However, the idea of ​​the mandatory normativity of the use of linguistic means used in the socio-political, national-cultural, official business, and legal spheres of speech activity cannot be limited only to general requirements compliance with spelling, spelling, punctuation or stylistic norms of the language. The distinctive properties of linguistic means functioning in thematically, compositionally and stylistically stable types of text, united by the official business style of speech, are the features of the communicative tasks implemented with their help, and the specificity of the pragmatic orientation of rhetorical constructions.

To describe the functions of the state language in this understanding means to give a functional description of the linguistic means of the state language. This means the need to describe the rules and norms of linguistic interpretation of the text as a structural and conceptual whole, connecting the authorities and the people, society and the individual through communicative-pragmatic relations social group, business owners and workers, officials and civil society. Without detailed description functions of linguistic means used in the state language, legally significant situations of information or documentary dispute will continue to arise, when normative, logical interpretations of the text turn out to be officially indistinguishable from arbitrary interpretations that generate random semantic results.

Genre features of speech activity in areas of use
state language of the Russian Federation

The functional properties of the state Russian language are fully manifested in texts written in an official business style. This style of literary language is formed in those areas of speech activity in which it is preferable to use a predetermined set of linguistic means, standard ways of developing thoughts about a certain range of topics of discussion. The official business style maintains a uniform speech etiquette and mandatory adherence to such rhetorical patterns of speech construction that are best able to ensure semantic clarity, intelligibility, and neutrality of the act of communication. For this reason, colloquial and dialect words and expressions are excluded from official texts, and metaphorical meanings are not used.

The official business style is traditionally implemented in the texts of diplomatic, legal documents, instructions, orders and other official papers from modern document flow. This style is gradually spreading to the sphere itself. business communication– trainings, negotiations, presentations, etc. The rapid growth in the volume of speech activity in this genre leads to the need to develop modern norms and rules that contribute to the development and improvement of this style of literary language.

The content of documents in official business style is subject to requirements that are designed to eliminate any kind of ambiguity and discrepancies. Speech, built according to the patterns and rules of the official business style, is the result of a consistent assembly of the meanings of words and phrases into statements that are devoid of individuality, but have a predictable, uniformly derived meaning. Consequently distinctive features Texts of this genre are characterized by clarity, accuracy, specificity, clarity of formulation, as well as laconism of presentation and special forms of arrangement of material. Sometimes the advantages of a style turn into its disadvantages. For example, a rule that allows the sequential subordination of similar forms in the attributive meaning of the genitive case has no formal restrictions, and therefore allows you to create constructions like: “ Department for working with citizens' appeals and organizing reception of the population of the Department of Administration of the Ministry of Labor and social protection Russian Federation" And the rules that allow the construction of abbreviations from the names of enterprises allow the formation of names like: Volgovyatelectromashsnabsbyt company. Taking into account the rules in force in other language styles, such names seem impossible. However, for a business style this name, although it can be assessed as somewhat long, is quite understandable and has an important advantage - it is unique and therefore easily recognizable. Moreover, it is quite convenient to use it in writing, because it changes according to cases and numbers in a standard way (cf.: demand from Volgovyatelectromashsnabsbyt, transfer to Volgovyatelectromashsnabsbyt).

Tasks of examination of texts in the state language

Texts generated in the socio-political, legal, socio-economic spheres of human activity usually operate with information presented in the form of facts, therefore official business texts should be devoid of signs of an individual author’s style and be understood unambiguously. To do this, they must be created according to a certain pattern, using words that have clear connections with the concepts motivating them. All this inevitably gives rise to the need to develop practical language rules that ensure not only the unification of the data structure, but also allow significant savings in time both when preparing texts and when reading them. The public need for rules intended for texts for official business purposes is realized through the development of special state standards.

The first such generally binding set of rules, adopted to eliminate discrepancies and inconsistencies in the spelling of words, when translating them and the rules for highlighting syntactic units, were the “Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation”, officially approved only in 1956. Since then, the country has adopted several standards applicable to official business texts (in information, librarianship and publishing). Today in the Russian Federation, many written, printed works and publications (laws and regulations, administrative documents, educational, reference literature, abstracts, dissertations, essays, etc.) are prepared and formatted according to certain established rules. Standards for paperwork in various areas have been adopted or are being developed professional activity(for example, GOST 7.32-2001, which determines the structure and rules for preparing reports on research work), many departments independently develop internal standards for conventional abbreviations of words, abbreviations, numerical designations of quantitative indicators, accounting documentation, etc.

At the same time, many official documents that are structurally and thematically similar are prepared without relying on model texts, without taking into account the opinion of language experts. The time has come to move from formal unification to the development of language standards that would take into account the specifics of word order, the features of rhetorical constructions related to the communicative tasks of the text and its target orientation. However, it is impossible to carry out this work without the participation of specialists in the field of official business Russian. As studies show, the applied patterns and rules of linear construction of speech, intended, it would seem, to ensure the most reliable communication, sometimes contradict each other. Convincing examples of this can be found even in the texts of Federal laws. Usually, if there is a need for their additional interpretation, it is customary to rely on the results of grammatical and syntactic analysis of the text. The importance of the linguistic formulation of a norm for its understanding and application has been repeatedly confirmed by practice. A verbal inaccuracy, the absence of a comma, the wrong case, or the wrong type of verb can significantly distort the meaning of a normative act, leading to the fact that the act will be understood and applied completely differently than the law-making body intended.

Of course, if the text violates the rules of spelling or punctuation, then you need to understand the text as if this error did not exist. However, in some cases it can be difficult to decide whether this is an error or whether the text contains the meaning that follows when read literally. In this case, research into a broader context is required, which can only be done by examining the text.

In turn, linguistic examination of the text can be carried out only if there are, firstly, authoritative reference books containing detailed normative characteristics of the entire arsenal of linguistic means used in all spheres of speech activity of the modern Russian literary language, and, secondly, based on proven techniques linguistic characteristics of the text, the use of which would provide reasonable and evidentiary data about its content.

Such techniques should contribute to the fulfillment of the main task of a linguist, which is to isolate the available textual information and characterize it according to the rules of linguistic analysis. To do this, the source text must undergo expert processing - its content must be interpreted, abbreviated and converted into analytical and reference information containing linguistic knowledge about the text and knowledge about real world reflected in the text.

State tasks of language construction in Russia

The Russian language, as a state language, needs targeted strengthening and development. After all, state status in legislative form it was acquired only with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 No. 1807-I “On the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation.” It was then that the Russian language was officially recognized as the state language. Later, legislative norms approving the state status of the Russian language in the Russian Federation were enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 and in the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” dated June 1, 2005 No. 53-FZ.

The adopted legislative norms make it possible to determine the procedure for the formation, development and regulation of linguistic means of the modern Russian literary language used in state functions. To do this, it is necessary to carry out research work to clarify the declarative norms and procedural rules for the use of that part of the linguistic means that is used in the function of the state language, as well as to explore and describe the cognitive properties of the language apparatus, conduct a complete inventory and create a reliable description of the linguistic means used in this function.

A separate problem that requires special regulation is the problem of legal control, maintaining and strengthening the status of that part of the Russian literary language that is used as the state language of the Russian Federation. The Russian state, whose citizens speak one of the world languages, should be interested in the development and improvement of those language tools that are used in speech activities that promote national humanitarian values. From this point of view it can be argued that government function Russian language is to consolidate and develop knowledge about moral principles public life in Russia, traditional moral values ​​and social norms. Any state must cultivate the speech reflection of society on issues related to individual freedom, the possibilities of moral choice of the individual, and the development of the country’s sociocultural heritage; encouraging respect for the faith, language, traditions and customs of ancestors; with a discussion of problems of social justice, goodness, kindness, humanity, tolerance for a different point of view, respect for the rights of religious faiths, etc. Any language or speech restrictions in this area are fraught with stagnation national language, delays and lags in its development relative to other world languages.

In order to maintain national sovereignty in the field of international information exchange, the state must actively develop the practice of public speech activity in Russian. Until recently, the Russian language acted as a convenient and full-fledged channel of communication with foreign language partners. However, now that information Technology use the Latin alphabet and English vocabulary as a working language scientific conferences English is used, international negotiations are often conducted on both sides without an interpreter in English language, the prestige of other officially recognized world languages ​​is falling. Accordingly, the linguistic and cultural sovereignty of countries speaking other languages ​​is subject to significant restrictions.

The new “regional” status of the former world languages ​​must be interpreted as a clear sign of a reduction in their cultural and scientific significance. In order to prevent a further decline in the status and role of the Russian language in the world, national language construction should be actively developed and improved. To do this, it is necessary to ensure not only that texts containing world achievements of scientific thought in the humanities, socio-political, and economic research are the best works of art etc., were presented in Russian, but also so that the authors and readers of the texts had a clear understanding of the semantic-grammatical rules and norms of speech use of linguistic means.