There are many types of real estate - manor houses, country cottages, townhouses, penthouses, estates. The latter are very rare, but were common earlier. In the article we will decipherdefinition of estate, we’ll tell you what it is, and give an example of modern real estate that fits this term.
Estate - what is it?
The meaning of the word "estate"deciphered differently in different dictionaries . For example, historian V. O. Klyuchevsky says that this is “a site of state or church land given by a sovereign or an ecclesiastical institution as a personal possession of a servant under the condition of service, that is, as remuneration for service and together as a means to service.”
Estate in Ancient Rus'is a form of ownership land shares, usually a large plot of land with an area of at least 10 hectare with a variety of buildings, including residential buildings, equipment, fruit-bearing trees, fields. At the head of the estate is usually a manor.What is an estate? This is a large house with an area of 500 square meters or more, usually two or three stories high, located on a site with landscaping and recreation areas.
The system of ownership of land plots - estates - arose in Ancient Rus' at the end of XV century, when there was feudal build. Initially allotmentsprovided to government or military ranks, and the size of the allotment directly depended on the position held and services to the Motherland. Employees of the lower military ranks were received from 27 hectares, the highest - from 270 hectares. At the same time, the employee did not have the right to choose - he could only agree to the proposed option or be left with nothing. Ownership of the estate was limited to the life of the employee and was conditional - after his death family could not claim the plot. In history There are cases in which estates were inherited, but this usually happened to a high-ranking family.
Owning an estate entailed certain obligations. For example, every landowner - owner of an estate - bore military service. Landowners had to send out every 27 hectares of cultivated field to go on a campaign tostatethe service of one person in full uniform and on a horse.
Ownership of the estate was combined with the ownership of the peasants who inhabited it. That is, the landowner received not only an estate and many hectares of land, but also labor.
By Decree on unity of inheritance , published in 1714, the estate and fiefs were united into one type of residential property. And already in early XVIII century, a law was passed on the transfer of estates into ownership. Estates became family estates.The family estate isa plot of land with houses, land, an estate, and equipment that was passed down by inheritance. That is, it was owned by several generations of one family until end - sale, exchange or other format of change of ownership.
Votchina, which was combined with an estate, is a similar form of ownership. It also included land, peasants, equipment, residential and non-residential buildings. But, unlike estates, fiefdom could be passed on by inheritance. This is the main distinguishing feature.
Subsequently, after combining two almost equivalent concepts, several varieties estates - free, reserved, primordial, ancestral. The most common type of real estate is family estates. Entire families lived in them. The head of the family often managed affairs, but could not conduct real estate transactions without the consent of other family members. The estate was passed on by inheritance, most often to sons. If there were no sons in the family, the eldest daughter took over the inheritance, while the other daughters were also considered property owners.
Basicsigns of an estate
🔹 Large area.Even in Ancient Rus', lower ranks received 27–80 hectares of area. And the standard area of the estate starts from 100 hectares. In the modern understanding, an estate is a plot of more than 1 hectare, most often from 100 hectares. For comparison, even on dacha plots there are only 6 acres, while private houses and country cottages are built on 5–20 acres. Residents of apartments are generally limited in space and have only 20–100 m² of living space on average.
🌊 Your own pond.A prerequisite for creating an estate is the presence of a reservoir. If there is none, an artificial pond is made. It performs several functions at once. The first is ensuring fire safety: in the event of a fire, you can take water from the reservoir to extinguish it. The second is aesthetic appeal: houses near bodies of water, other things being equal, are always valued higher. The third is commercial: if you wish, you can stock the pond with fish and sell the fish, making money from this as well. Also, previously, reservoirs were used for various holidays.
🌲 Your own forest.If it is not there, the forest is created artificially by planting perennial trees. You can pick berries and mushrooms in the forest to make money by selling them. Today, the presence of a forest is not a prerequisite for creating an estate in Russia.
🏠 Big house.In traditional estates, landowners lived in large manor houses. They had separate bedrooms for each family member, large halls for receiving guests and holding balls, separate rooms for servants, kitchens, and dining rooms. The front of the house was sure to be beautiful. It was decorated with turrets, stones, balconies, columns or other elements depending on the chosen style.
⛔ No streets.Modern estates may have streets, but usually the arrangement of buildings is chaotic. In Ancient Rus', the landowner's estate was located at a distance from outbuildings and peasant houses. Today, residential buildings can coexist with stables, bases for farm animals, garages, fields and other areas and buildings. Various residential and non-residential buildings are usually built in place where there is free space.
⛺ Distance from the city.The estates are located outside the city, at a distance of at least 2–3 kilometers. Therefore, such housing is environmentally friendly. The estates themselves can be completely autonomous: for example, boiler houses, wind power plants, tanks for supplying clean water can be located on the territory. drinking water and other objects. Depending on the size of the territory, there may even be shops on it - grocery, hardware, etc.
🌾 Agricultural land.On the territory of the estate there are always fields for growing crops, because the residents make a living from agriculture. They grow potatoes, corn, beets or other crops, breed farm animals for meat or sell milk, eggs, wool, and other derivatives. Modern miniature estates may have no animals or fields.
💨 No fences.Most often, estates do not have the usual fences and fences. Their distinctive feature is a hedge. Tall shrubs or strips of perennial trees are planted along the entire perimeter of the territory. Sometimes they make a kind of alley for walking - they make two parallel forest belts. The outer part fences off the estate, the inner part is needed to create an alley. Paths are made between forest belts or benches are installed. Such a fence additionally provides protection from wind and snow - thanks to tall trees, residents of the estate suffer less from snow, wind, and blizzards.
👫 Lots of residents.To serve a large area and engage in agriculture, you need many inhabitants. Previously, all labor fell on the shoulders of the peasants, they were led by the landowner. Today, all residents unite into communities, distribute responsibilities among themselves and also engage in economic activities.
Three examples of modern estates
Paradise in Tyumen
When examining it, it is impossible to answer the question “who was the owner of the estate?" It was created in 2008, at a distance of 7 km from Tyumen. Initially, the form of ownership is common, that is, each person owns his own plot, but the entire estate is managed jointly, by a non-profit partnership.
The territory of the estate is a little more than 210 hectares. There are several ponds on the territory, and two rivers flow nearby - Tura and Olkhovka. There is a large mixed forest, the terrain is characterized by small hills. There is internet, cellular communications, water supply, gas pipeline, electricity, grocery store.
On the estate there is a large and rare area of medicinal herbs - more than 100 species. Fruit orchards occupy an area of 50 hectares. Den strawberries are growing, the only ones in the region. The number of families in the estate is 180, 69 families permanently reside in it.
Denevo in Pskov
The estate was created in 2004 in the Pskov region, on the basis of a small abandoned village. Today, all the houses in it have been purchased; the area is 220 hectares; an additional 40 hectares are being developed.
On the territory of the estate there is common Home, but each owner has his own residential building. The estate is managed jointly, and the community has a bylaw that must be strictly followed. There are orchards, a small pond, a river with clear water, deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests.
Anyone who wants to become a member of the estate must propose a business plan to increase its value, as well as get to know the other residents and accept the bylaws. Today, 40 families live on the territory of Denevo, 12 families, or 24 people, live permanently.
Genericin Tula
The Kin's settlement in the Tula region is a union of family estates. It was founded as a settlement in 2008. Today its area exceeds 600 hectares. There is no statutory document on the estate, everything is based on oral agreements, but already today 150 families live there.
The territory has a forest and lakes suitable for swimming, as well as its own infrastructure. Yes, it is provided kindergarten, school and shops, there is a cellular connection. The only missing benefit of civilization is the gas pipeline.
Estates were common in Ancient Rus', but still exist today. They are located outside the city and most often develop through agriculture. The only difference between modern estates and traditional ones is that they are managed jointly by all residents. And many residents of a modern estate are inspired a book "The Ringing Cedars of Russia."
Original Suf.-pref. derived from place "position in the service." Initially, the estate (unlike the family estate) was not hereditary, but was given as a salary for service. Shansky Etymological Dictionary
The Langendorf estate (now Sokolniki) was located on the banks of the Pregel River, 11 km west of Tapiau (now Gvardeysk).
Since ancient times, there was a Prussian fortress on this site, which was transferred by the Order to the leader of the Sambian Prussians named Sklodo (1200 - 1260). The fortress served as a refuge for the local population in the event of Lithuanian raids.
Prussian Sklodo became the founder of the noble family von Perbandt (initially his descendants were mentioned under the name "Windekaim" and only from 1426 as "Perbandt").
Sklodo had two sons: one, named Wergule, served the Order faithfully and took part in crusade against the Lithuanians, another, named Nalube, although baptized as the father and brother of Wargule, was the leader of the uprising against the Order, capitulating at the walls of Königsberg Castle before the superior forces of the Order.
In 1472, Brosum Perbandt became the owner of Langendorf, after which the estate belonged to the von Perbandt family for more than 700 years, until 1945.
Representatives of the von Perbandt family belonged to the richest nobility in East Prussia, were members of the Grand Master's council and held the posts of Amtshauptmann (senior official at the head of administrative district- Amtsbezirk) in Ragnit, Memel, Pr. Holland, etc. Special mention goes to Otto Wilhelm von Perbandt (1635 - 1706) (first portrait), former Amtshauptmann, Obermarschall (high marshal) and Landhofmeister (county chamberlain), who, in honor of the coronation of Friedrich I in 1701, became the first recipient of the Schwarzen Adlerordens (Order of the Black eagle - the highest order of the Kingdom of Prussia). His portrait was one of the few valuables that could be removed from Langendorf in 1945.
In 1865, Georg von Perbandt (1825 - 1907) (second portrait) built a new manor house in Langendorf with outbuildings and a large park. Lord's house,built in neo-Gothic style, in plan it was shaped like the letter “G” with a square tower in the corner. The best estates in England and Scotland served as models for its construction.
One of the guests of the estate recalled that Langendorf was always full of guests. Entering the manor house, it immediately became clear that you were in an East Prussian noble residence: almost life-size family portraits, an elk head with powerful horns above the door, a rough carpet on dark tiles, fancy shiny lacquered black cabinets with gold panels made of beautiful old mahogany.
Georg von Perbandt was married to Conradine Philippine Thaer (third portrait), the granddaughter of the German scientist, doctor, agrarian and founder of the "Landwirtschaftliche Akademie Möglin" (Meglin Agricultural Academy) Albrecht Thaers, whom he met during his studies at the said academy. Their wedding took place in 1851.
The manor park was located on the right bank of the Pregel River on the site of an ancient Prussian fortress with a fort, fenced with a double wall. A family cemetery was built on the base of the fortress, where the last to be buried in 1929 was Georg von Perbandt, the son of Georg von Perbandt and Conradine Philippine Thaer.
The size of the estate exceeded 750 hectares. Meat and dairy farming, which were intensively practiced on the estate for several decades, were an important part of the economy. On the estate with mid-19th centuries there was a dairy factory in which along with regular dairy productsengaged in the production of milk sugar and milk powder. 
A ship berth located on the estate allowed the waterway to be used for freight and passenger traffic with Königsberg and Tapiau.
The last head of the family, Albrecht von Perbandt (1894 - 1958), had two sons: Albrecht von Perbandt (1921 - 1941), who died near Leningrad, and Sklode von Perbandt (1927 - 1945), who died in Zinten (now Kornevo) . 
In 1946, Langendorf was renamed the village of Sokolniki.
IN last years Soviet history The central part of the Langendorf estate, together with the castle building, was occupied by a heavy cargo equipment base. Most of The buildings were in a dilapidated state, the territory of the estate was covered with road slabs and landfills. The house was not completely destroyed, the foundation and part of the first floor remained: the castle, after several fires and reconstructions, lost the second floor and its main architectural decoration - the towers, although a number of German sources mention its loss in 1956.
Now the estate is located recreational and health complex Langendorf (
Many people are faced with the question of how to create their own estate? Creating an estate is like creating your own country life, only the spaces are wider. Create an estate today.
How to choose a place for an estate
Let's talk about how to choose a place for an Estate, and how much land is needed.
The easiest.
1. Open satellite map, we select the area according to our landmarks - a forest, lake, pond, river, settlements, and study everything that is nearby.
2. Open, find the selected places on it and check the availability of ownership of the selected land.
3. If we see that the land is owned, we look for advertisements for sale. You'll have to work hard here. If the land is on sale, you will definitely find it. Maybe not all of them, but half of the selected places will be on sale. Try to find an advertisement from the owner, call him, find out the price.
4. If we see that the land is not owned, we find out which rural settlements the land belongs to. It is necessary to contact the heads rural settlements, clarify the category of land, type of permitted use and the possibility of purchasing land for rent.
On-site visit
And only when the above work has been done, do you organize a site visit.
On site, look not only at the land, but also pay attention to the following factors:
1. where are the power lines located?
2. determine the distance from the main road,
3. check all access roads, you will know them on the map.
4. what kind of soil do the roads have, what will happen to it after the rain,
5. what is the condition of the reservoirs and approaches to them,
6. what kind of vegetation is on the land plots, determine the soil fertility from the vegetation
7. what trees grow in the area and in the nearby forest
8. stop by the nearest locality, look at the infrastructure.
Before you go to finalize the transaction, develop your strategy for developing the future of the Estate. Two hectares of land is not enough, believe me. But for the organization and development of the estate, one hectare is enough.
We are already accustomed to the fact that 20 acres is enough for a country house. This is a house and a garden with a garden, neighbors behind the fence, the road under your feet.
There will also be neighbors on the estate, but not 5 meters from the house, but at a distance of 200-300 meters.
We discuss this in detail in the training on creating an Estate.
Estate Structure
The estate must have a certain structure. Mandatory conditions: a hedge, a house for year-round use, a garden, a vegetable garden and the creation of a pond on the territory of the Estate. All this is spelled out in the Land Code.
Try to think through the issue of generating income in the Estate. Ask yourself: “How will I live on the Estate? Where will I work to provide my family not only with products grown and produced on the estate, but also not to deprive them of all the delights of life?
Do you know that in the Estate you can become a wealthy person and still work 2-4 hours a day?
I have developed a whole . How am I so smart?
How can you not become smart when for four years everything Agriculture turns inside out with all the techniques and technologies. And I can tell you that small lands have advantages over industrial scale.
Remember the saying...? "Small spool but precious." This is 100% applicable to Estates.
Firle Place is located in the village of Firle, East Sussex, United Kingdom. Owned by Nicolas Gage, 8th Viscount Gage, whose family has owned the land since its acquisition by the Levett family in the 15th century. The manor house was built in the late 15th century by Sir John Gage, who made Firle his main home.
The building's exterior cladding is made using Caen Stone to give it the appearance of a classic French chateau. This work was completed by Sir William Gage, 7th Baronet, who inherited the house in 1713. The house is located in a typical open park area. The interior of the house is designed in Tudor style.
The house has an extensive collection of paintings, porcelain and furniture, including works by Gainsborough, Reynolds, Van Dyck, Raphael, Puligo, Zoffany and Teniers.
Students from nearby schools were stationed here during the First World War and Canadian soldiers during the Second World War.
The house and main area are used as locations for filming in films and television.
In particular, the film “Firelight” was filmed here, which can literally be translated as “Fireplace Light”.
“Do you know what they say about the fireplace? The flame in the fireplace is magical, it stops time. When you turn off the lamps and sit by the fireplace, there are no rules or laws left. You can do what you want, say what you want, be whoever you want. And when the lamps light up again, time resumes its course, and everything that was said or done is forgotten. It’s not just forgotten, it didn’t happen at all.”
This is what Elizabeth tells her daughter.
“Light from the fire”, “Light of the flame”, “Light from the fireplace” - you can translate it any way you like, but not “Flame of Passion” in the end! Not this vulgar translation of the original title. The motif of the fireplace, by the way, is cross-cutting; the idea of it runs through the entire film narrative. This symbol of warmth and homeliness is transformed here into life itself, now smoldering, now blazing, or even completely faded. “I remember the fire in the fireplace... I remember too much...” Actually, the whole film is based on the fireplace, on these reverent conversations, where he is always a witness.
