Sessions in PHP or how data about a user or customer who has entered the site is saved when navigating between site pages without much difficulty. The lesson is very important. Relevant for the creation of 95% of sites.
What is session in php
Sessions are used to store information about temporary data (for example, about the fact that the user has entered the site) when navigating between pages of the same site. When using sessions, data is stored in temporary files on the server.Most often, sessions (and cookies, by the way, too) are used when creating online stores, forums, message boards, social networks, blogs and other resources. The convenience of the session system is to store the temporary information of the logged in user / customer, the data about which is in quick access for a certain time. The session has a natural expiration date - until the browser is closed. If you close only the page, then when you open the site, the data about the user / buyer will still be available.
Session logic
Session (or session) is a kind of temporary data storage. I warn you right away that it is worth saving a small amount of data. For example, login and password of a logging in user or his serial number in the database.Example of work
1.
User enters login and password and enters the site
2.
Data with login and password are saved in the session of one of the site pages:
File index.php
Session_start (); // every file in which you want to use session data must contain the "start session" command at the beginning of the code
$ login \u003d "admin";
$ password \u003d "pass";
$ _SESSION ["login"] \u003d $ login; // save the variable containing the login
$ _SESSION ["password"] \u003d $ password; // save the variable containing the password
3. When you go to another page of the site, this data will also be available:
File example.php (or any other page)
Echo "Your login". $ _ SESSION ["login"]; // will display "Your login is admin", although we did not record data on this page!
See, it's simple!
4. If you want to clear the session data, then it is enough:
File example.php
Session_start (); // "start the session" again
Unset ($ _ SESSION ["login"]); // this is how the variable was unregistered or "destroyed"
echo "Your login". $ _ SESSION ["login"]; // displays "Your login". Since we destroyed it in the last line, there is no data either
Session_destroy (); // destroy the session. All data, including $ _SESSION ["password"] is gone. When requested, an error will be displayed
In general, such a transfer is similar to the POST method, but you no longer have to write a lot of unnecessary code, and all data transferred from page to page is stored in temporary files on the server. Again, sessions should contain small amounts of data, so they are suitable for storing username / password, shopping cart and other small volumes.
Passing a value or array using a PHP session
In a session, you can write not only a string, but also an array of data. Just do not overdo it with the size of the array, as all this will affect the performance and the occupied space on the server.Let's use some start page again index.php
Session_start ();
$ r \u003d array ("one", "two", "three");
$ _SESSION ["arr"] \u003d $ r;
To the page where everything is displayed
We saved the data in the session and follow the link to another page, where we will display all the data.
File recipient, page test.php where we open the array
Session_start ();
print_r ($ _ SESSION ["arr"]);
// will output
/*
Array
\u003d\u003e one
\u003d\u003e two
\u003d\u003e three
*/
?>
You might want to brush up on a tutorial on. In general, everything should be clear.
Other functions for working with sessions
session_unregister (string) - the session forgets the value of the specified global variable;session_destroy () - the session is destroyed (for example, if the user has left the system by pressing the exit button);
session_set_cookie_params (int lifetime [, string path [, string domain]]) - using this function, you can set how long the session will live by setting unix_timestamp defining the time of death of the session.
List of functions for working with sessions (session) in php
session_cache_expire - Returns the expiration of the current cache
session_cache_limiter - Get and / or set the current cache limit
session_commit - an alias for session_write_close ()
session_decode - Decodes session data from string
session_destroy - Destroys all data registered for the session
session_encode - encrypts current session data as a string
session_get_cookie_params - Get session cookie parameters
session_id - gets and / or sets the current session id
session_is_registered - determines if a variable is registered in the session
session_module_name - Get and / or install the current session module
session_name - gets and / or sets the name of the current session
session_regenerate_id - Modifies the current session id with the newly generated one
session_register - registers one or more variables for the current session
session_save_path - gets and / or sets the path to save the current session
session_set_cookie_params - sets session cookie parameters
session_set_save_handler - sets user-level session storage functions
session_start - initializes session data
session_unregister - Unregisters a variable from the current session
session_unset - Releases all session variables
session_write_close - Writes session data and end of session
Session examples
The counter of page views during the session. A clear example of work. However, after closing the browser, the countdown will start over.Counter of visits to one page within one session
// A simple example of using sessions without cookies.
session_name ("test");
session_start ();
$ _SESSION ["count"] \u003d @ $ _ SESSION ["count"] + 1;
?>
Counter
In the current session of work with the browser, you have opened this page
time (s).
Close your browser to reset this counter.
Click here to refresh the page!
With each transition, the counter will increase by 1)
Thanks for your attention! Good luck in your endeavors!
Session - how much in this word for the student soul. Here is the stress before the exam, and the fear of "failing", and the uncertainty of choice, and the joy of learning, and the triumph of passed test. If you think about it, the session is a very emotional time. Many are afraid of her, many are waiting, but the students who are indifferent to the approach of the session, perhaps, do not.
Fact: A session is a big event in student life. The end of the session is usually celebrated with a stormy and fun. But before you can afford it, you need to go through the session "circles of hell", pass all tests, exams and coursework. In this article, we will talk about how to make friends with the session, and if not to make friends, then at least successfully survive it.
People tend to be afraid of everything new. That is how they are arranged. This is why students, especially freshmen, are often afraid of the session. If the word "session" makes you uncomfortable, but thoughts about it haunt you - this article is definitely for you. After all, our goal is to save you from unnecessary worries.
"How to pass the session?" - you think. Believe me, you are not the first person to be puzzled by this question. After all, all students go through the session. Yes, some are excluded after it, but let's not dwell on such consequences - it makes no sense. We'll tell you better what awaits you at the first session and how to better behave. You can study it in our author's review article.
The session, if you look at it from the right angle, will give you one of the joys available only to humans - the joy of learning. The reward for efforts, in addition to grades and autographs on the record, is your attitude towards yourself. Agree, it's nice to pass the exam, it's nice to cope with the challenge and realize your success.
However, the session is difficult. And the world is arranged in such a way that it is easier for people to pass difficult tests together. Students together prepare for exams, help each other with the completion of test tests, together they enjoy a high score on the exam. We can do much more together than we can individually. That is why, remember that I am always ready to do a job for which you do not have time or causes you difficulties. These professionals have passed more than one session in life, and you can really rely on them. Dare, and no fluff, no feather! 
The first session - the first exams, the first fear, the first "fail" and "excellent". The most important thing is the first experience, on which a lot depends in your education, in your future. You can learn from your mistakes, repeating them over and over again, or you can rely on the experience of previous generations, isolate the most important from it, apply to yourself and not be sad every time before the session. Go.
Learn
No matter how strange it may sound, this is the very first, most important, indisputable advice: to study in order to gain knowledge, and not for show, that is, for assessment. Obviously, if you know the subject well, then there will be no problems with passing the exam / credit.
It doesn't even matter which teacher takes the exam and how loyal he is to you. Even if he is reputed to be the most terrible university teacher, he will see that the student knows the subject (even if not ideally) and, most importantly, strives to honestly master this knowledge. And he will not blame the poor fellow.
In addition, if you are going to continue to engage in those for whom you are studying, to earn money from this, you will have to study really and honestly - no options. Competition in the labor market today is very strong and, first of all, real specialists are appreciated, and not the mothers' sons who bought the crust.
Learn in advance
Let's say the first rule is learned, and you understand: I will teach, not hammer. But this is not enough. Understand now the following: you need to learn everything in advance, and not leave it for later. There is a saying that a student will learn Chinese the night before the session. Forget it - it's not like that in life.
The secret is really simple. When you teach in advance, this knowledge is stored in your memory even when you start to learn the next topic, and the previous one feels completely forgotten. No - you will remember what you have learned at the most opportune moment, when, completely unexpectedly, the teacher asks a seemingly (it seemed to him, of course) a tricky question. And here you will understand that it is still good that once upon a time you learned this topic. And not on the night before the exam - then you will definitely forget. Well, almost certainly.
Discipline and responsibility
It is clear that the university is not an army and not even a job, like your parents, but you are still so old that you sometimes want (often, really) to swagger like a student, like in a movie. However, these qualities will be useful to you throughout your future life from the first days of your studies at the university. Unless, of course, you really want to become a successful person and a competitive specialist.
In practice, discipline and responsibility in your case means regularly attending lectures and other classes, completing homework on time and in full, writing and submitting term papers and tests on time.
Important: teachers take note of how responsive students are to their studies. In session they will repay you with a good dose of loyalty. People who have gone through fire, water and copper pipes of higher education claim that such an attitude to study (read: to one's own future life) smooths out the difficulties of "these" days for a good half.
By the way, you will have to get used to discipline in any scenario: for violating it, you can fly out of the university and do it quite easily.
Put the tutorial down
Don't forget about him completely, but don't hope too much. This is not a school: the most important knowledge you will most likely acquire not from textbooks, but from other sources:
Lectures. The teacher will always tell you not only what you can already read in the textbook. He will surely remember a couple of dozen cases from life on the subject of the subject being studied, talk about different options for the practical application of knowledge. This will not only enrich you with valuable knowledge and other people's life experience, but it will also help a lot: the teacher will ask you differently during the exam about what he talked about in lectures and which, most likely, is not in the textbooks.
Additional literature. Read more on all subjects. When you shine with additional knowledge in the first session when passing exams and tests, you will get a certain head start, so to speak, for the future in the form of an additional portion of loyalty.
Seminars. Whenever possible, visit them and be active at them: ask questions, prepare topics and speeches, a blister to teach that you are really striving to become a good specialist. Here you can even imitate a little interest in the subject. The main thing is not to overplay: insincerity is felt a mile away.
Grow up
Consider: no one will run after you, remind or even persuade you to teach the subject and go to the exam. Immediately find out and learn the schedule of exams, the schedule for passing and retaking, make a schedule, look into it several times a day and do not forget anything.
Take notes correctly
It is not always possible to keep up with the teacher's speech. Learn right from the first lectures to isolate the most important thing from what has been said, focus on this. You may have to develop your own encryption and decryption system - a system of abbreviations that you can understand without any additional effort. This will help a lot when preparing for the session.
Voice recorder?
Yes - with a question. It would seem that the 21st century is in the yard, why not press the record button and not bother especially with taking notes? Not always and not really.
Firstly, many teachers dislike all these modern gadgets. Secondly, transcribing an audio recording - transferring a recorded from an audio file into an ordinary written text - is a rather laborious task, perseverance is needed, which many students cannot boast of. And thirdly, this is also important - this method of note-taking is suitable for audiences, that is, those people who best perceive and remember information just by ear.
Become a scout
In a roundabout way or in some other way, try to collect information about the teachers, collect a kind of dossier. First, the enemy (crossed out) of the teacher must be known by sight, even those teachers who do not teach anything with you. And do not forget to say hello, by the way! Secondly, learn and keep in mind what you learn: teachers' hobbies, tastes, preferences in clothing, food and drinks, know their manner of communication, the presence and scope of a sense of humor. Know and use as directed. Don't overdo it!
Submachine gunners
Try to get the "slot machines" as much as possible. Of course, you have to try! This advice will not work for slackers - that's for sure. There is also such a thing as "semiautomatic device". This is when the teacher allows you to use the 50/50 prompt for your merits and educational zeal. Joke. This means that the teacher will allow you to choose only one of the two questions on the ticket.
Turn on the boss
If you have the ability to administer, manage people and have the opportunity to do some kind of administrative (managerial) work at the university (at the department) - please, do not miss this opportunity. First is experience. Secondly, you will communicate with the teaching staff more often than others, and, moreover, do it almost on an equal footing!
Journalist
Re-read the previous advice and replace the word "administrator" with the word "journalist": if you can write, show yourself in the student newspaper, on student television or radio, work in the institute's social networks. The exhaust will be the same as described above.
If you are talented, and at the university there is some kind of amateur performance - theater, KVN - there is probably no need to say, yes, that you have to go there literally from the first day?
Typical mistakes
It is common for students from the first days of training to make typical mistakes that will lead to complications during the session, up to expulsion. Try to avoid them.
freedom
Walking outside the school threshold, where you were looked after and encouraged by the class teacher, teachers and parents, the student is literally on his own. Nobody runs after him, does not remind of anything, does not force. It can make you feel cold. This cannot be allowed. Pull yourself together!
Time management
More precisely, its absence. Learn to correctly plan your day, your time. Take the shortest route from home or dorm to university, clearly define and allocate time for study, work and play. You will soon realize that 24 hours a day is not much at all. But if you plan them correctly and occupy them, these hours will be enough for you for everything. Otherwise, kick yourself on the first session.
Skips
It can be boring at lectures - it's true. It is much better and more pleasant to spend this time in some other way. This is a big mistake! Especially in the first years. Teachers note who goes to lectures and who misses. At the session, they may well remember. But what can we say - at the first session they will definitely remember! Especially if you start to stumble.
Outrageous
Some try to impress the teachers: with fashionable and expensive clothes, exclusive outfits, tons of perfumes poured over themselves, deep necklines (this, of course, is good, no doubt! But not this time!). Be humble. A modest businesslike style of behavior and dress suits more. And to prove yourself in all its glory - you will still have such opportunities with interest.
Shyness
Or excessive or even indicative modesty - this is the other end of the stick called "Outrageous". Do not be afraid to ask again what is not clear, do not be afraid to make new acquaintances - it will come in handy when you need to take lectures from someone that you missed.
Refusals
Study is study, but at the university there is always another life, not directly related to lectures, sessions and cramming. This is some kind of social life, extracurricular, as it was at school. Take part in this life, do not deny yourself small pleasures.
Fear
There is no need to be afraid of the session, as most of the "firsts" do. Remember a very important principle of life: what you are afraid of, then with a high degree of probability it will happen to you. The Law of Vileness, Murphy's Laws - that's all. Anyway, look at those who are studying in the second, third and so on courses - they somehow finished their studies before them. So you can too! "Nissy!", As they say in VKontakte.
Good luck with your first session!
Student years for almost every person are a time with which a huge amount of positive emotions is associated. But there is, perhaps, the only thing that darkens these pleasant memories. This thing is a session. Such a simple word, but how much stress and sleepless nights are associated with it, reading textbooks from cover to cover and hidden in the most intricate places of cheat sheets! Let's take a closer look at what a session is and what a student who is just about to prepare for.
This is the scary word "session"
In general, a session is nothing more than several exams in those disciplines that were passed by the student during the semester. Moreover, if there were, for example, seven subjects, it is not at all a fact that there will be the same number of exams. As a rule, some of them will need to get credit. This procedure is often much easier than the session itself. Quite often tests are set automatically. However, there are times when it is very difficult to achieve such a mark with a certain teacher. And this is necessary, since without tests it will not be possible to find out on your own skin what a session is, because a student will simply not be allowed to it.
How long to suffer?
The duration of a session in most educational institutions is about three weeks, which makes it more or less convenient to spread all the exams. This is necessary so that students have enough time to prepare. Traditionally, there are three to four days between exams, during which you can intensively read notes and textbooks, or just write cheat sheets just as diligently, so whoever is closer.
There is no pattern as to when "difficult" exams are given: at the end of the session or closer to its beginning. The fact is that the complexity of a subject is an extremely subjective thing, and for teachers there are usually no difficult disciplines at all. However, Murphy's law usually works here: the most difficult exam will be on the most inconvenient day.
Two semesters, two sessions
The academic year at the university usually consists of two semesters, after each of which there is an examination period. The winter session usually falls after the New Years and ends in early February. It may seem that taking exams after a long, fun vacation will be quite difficult. In fact, many students are much less pleased with the summer session, because the weather is great outside, the sun is bright, and they have to cram and prepare for exams. I am glad, perhaps, only by the fact that there are only two such periods of especially intensive study in a year. It's even scary to imagine if there would have been an autumn session, or even a spring one ...
It's not easy for teachers too
Teachers have their own opinion on what a session is. For them, of course, it is not so stressful, but they work no less. After all, they have to listen to a huge number of students who sometimes say something completely different from what the answer to the exam question implies. And checking written works takes a huge amount of time, and students always strive to rush or beg for a good grade.
Don't be afraid not to surrender
Many students are most afraid of failing the session - not passing one or more exams. I would like to reassure them and say that even if you do not pass the exam the first time, you will have at least a couple more attempts to prepare well and "conquer" the unapproachable discipline. There is nothing wrong with retaking, just try to master the material better and be confident in your abilities.
There is still a lot to tell about this, but it is enough to learn once what a session is, from your own experience, and 99% of questions will disappear immediately, as well as exactly the same amount of fears.
A session is the most difficult period of study for any student of a higher education institution. At this time, the knowledge and skills of students, accumulated throughout the semester, are tested. A lot depends on whether the exams are passed successfully: the possibility of continuing their studies, the prospects for obtaining a scholarship or
What is session
A session is the period for passing exams in the disciplines that were taught during the academic semester. The main goal is an intermediate test of the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of students. If the exams are passed successfully, the student is entitled to continue their studies.
The academic year of a full-time student includes two sessions - winter and summer. The number of exams is determined by the training plan: usually there are no more than six certification tests. Before each of them there should be at least three days for preparation.
How long is the session
The average duration is about 20 days, it depends on the regulations and the educational program of the institution. When the summer session for students begins and ends, each institute and university determines independently, but usually its beginning falls on the second week of June. The same situation is variable in winter: full-time students begin to take exams from mid-December and finish by the New Year or from the second week of January.
The examination period is usually preceded by a credit week, which includes the delivery of essays, laboratory work, tests, practice reports, course projects. Only those students who are not in debt are allowed to take exams.
If all exams are not passed within the time allotted for the summer or winter session, the university provides time for retaking (in total, no more than three times for one subject - the first unsuccessful attempt is taken into account). After passing all credits and exams, the student goes on vacation. Those students who have not closed the session are subject to.
Correspondence session
The deadlines for passing exams for part-time students differ from the regulations established for hospital students. The beginning of the session also depends on the curriculum of the university and is determined by educational institutions independently. In most universities, it falls in January-February in winter, and in April in spring. The session for first-year correspondence students usually starts a little earlier - in late November or early December.
Installation and test-examination session
Part-time students have two types of sessions:
- installation (one to two weeks) - during this time, students get acquainted with the peculiarities of the subject, receive basic knowledge about the disciplines of the current course, a list of references, teaching aids and assignments;
- credit or laboratory examination: during this period, students must prepare and pass all the tasks received at the installation session.
The duration of the break between the installation and examination period is from two to six months. If the session is not closed, then with the permission of the dean's office of the faculty, a resubmission is appointed, which must be completed before the next test and examination period.
Often, an introductory session for a new semester begins immediately after passing the exams.
Current terminology
Most often, the duration of the credit week and examination period is determined by each university independently. You can get acquainted with the training plan on the website of the educational institution or in the dean's office. To fully understand the official timetables, it is necessary to take into account that the concepts of “pre-session test week” and even “session” do not exist in the current legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the university educational process. Passing or retaking tests and exams, as well as other control tests in the formal curriculum are usually grouped under the concept of "intermediate certification".
Successful study at a university is impossible without timely passing of tests and exams. But life circumstances do not always develop in such a way that the student cannot meet the time frames allocated by the university for intermediate attestations. In such cases, or can help.