The Romanov dynasty is one of the most famous and powerful families in Russian history. Until now, scientists and descendants of this dynasty are trying to understand why the family suffered such a tragedy? Why was her reign so abruptly interrupted? Is Rasputin really responsible for the death of the Romanovs? Answers to some questions - already on Sunday on the First Baltic Channel in the film “The Romanovs. Mysticism of the royal dynasty ”.
The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia for three centuries. Power struggles and lust for money were some of the biggest concerns.
For money and power, they could do anything: lie, weave intrigues, even kill their closest people. The creators of the film “The Romanovs. Mysticism of the Tsar's Dynasty ”, in search of an answer to the question of why the entire family of Nicholas II was destroyed, they consider not only the events of the early 20th century, but also the entire history of the dynasty.
It is alleged that Nicholas II knew that he would be killed in 1918 and that he was the last ruler of Russia. He knew about the prophecies of Saint Seraphim of Saravsky.
The king not only believed in them without looking back, but also resigned himself to his fate. Nicholas II called himself a martyr who must atone for all the sins of his family.
An interesting coincidence: the period of the Romanov dynasty began in the Ipatiev Monastery, then Mikhail Romanov was declared tsar.
After 300 years, Tsar Nicholas II, all his family and servants were killed in Yekaterinburg in the Ipatiev House. More mystical coincidences from the life of Tsar Nicholas II - on Sunday, at 15.10 at PBK.
Legend has it that Mikhail Romanov was so eager to become the autocratic ruler of Russia that he ordered the hanging of a three-year-old boy - the son of Marina Mnishek, who claimed that this child was a real contender for the throne and could become the legitimate head of the country. After Marina's son was killed, the woman cursed the whole family. According to the curse, the men of the Romanov dynasty could not leave healthy descendants until the latter died. It is not known whether the curse worked or the circumstances were so but in the Romanov dynasty, sick boys were born constantly.
The film also discusses how Rasputin influenced the last of the Romanov descendants.
The long-awaited son of Tsar Nicholas II was born very weak. Nobody believed that he would be able to rule such a huge country.
Then the parents found the "miracle worker" Rasputin, who could cure the boy. According to scientists who studied the Romanov family tree, the disease of Tsarevich Alexei was congenital, so all efforts to cure him were in vain.
This amazing woman, the true daughter of an adventurous seventeenth century, is like an adventure novel in which there is love, and battles, and chases. There is only no happy ending.
Marina was the daughter of the Sandomierz governor Jerzy Mniszek. She was born in 1588 in her father's ancestral castle. Her origin, beauty and wealth promised her the life of a Polish lady, full of contentment and entertainment, in which there would be a brilliant appearance in the world, and cheerful feasts and hunts, and household chores for managing her husband's estate, and, finally, there would be a place for novels , where can a Polish beauty in the seventeenth century do without them! However, fate decreed otherwise.
In 1604, someone appeared on the estate of Jerzy Mnishek who called himself the happily saved Tsarevich Dmitry, the son of the Russian Tsar John.
It is unlikely that Marina was very interested in the affairs of neighboring Russia, these were the concerns of the noble lords at the Diet, and the newly-minted "tsarevich" was not particularly good at himself. However, the newcomer fell in love with Marina, and soon she was persuaded to respond to his passion by Catholic monks, who hoped in this way to take the first step towards Catholicizing Russia.
The Sandomierz voivode promised his help to "Tsarevich Dmitry" only on the following conditions: his daughter becomes a Russian tsarina, she receives the cities of Novgorod and Pskov in her patrimony, retains the right to profess Catholicism, and if the "tsarevich" fails, she can marry another. On such conditions, the betrothal of young Marina and False Dmitry took place.
However, the impostor's personal charisma may have played a role as well. Apparently, he was a very extraordinary person, and for young girls charisma means, sometimes, more than a beautiful appearance.
When False Dmitry occupied Moscow, Marina arrived to him with great pomp, accompanied by a huge retinue. On May 3, 1606, Marina's wedding and coronation took place. By the way, she was the only woman before Catherine I, crowned in Russia.
A life full of balls and holidays began for Marina. It began and lasted ... only a week. On May 17, a mutiny broke out, the archers and Muscovites who rebelled against foreigners broke into the palace and staged a massacre. False Dmitry died, and Marina escaped, because she was not recognized.
Marina spent some time in exile in Yaroslavl, and then was sent home. However, on the way, she was intercepted by the rioters, who were going to Moscow, hiding behind a new impostor, False Dmitry II, who posed as a second-time survivor of the Tsarevich, the son of Ivan the Terrible. Marina was taken to his camp and forced to recognize her husband in this man.
She lived in the Tushino camp until 1610, and then fled, disguised as a hussar. However, she did not manage to run far. The country was engulfed in a civil war, poor Marina was in danger at every step, and she was forced to return under the patronage of the Tushino thief - that is how False Dmitry II was called.
When the Tushinsky thief fell, Marina changed patrons, fleeing with the Cossacks, then with the Polish governors, then to Ryazan, then to Astrakhan, then to Yaik. The matter was complicated by the fact that in 1611 her son was born. They called him Ivan, but more often they called him "varenok". Marina sought not only to save him from dangers, but also to proclaim the heir to the Russian throne. In this she did not succeed.
Marina's wanderings across Russia and her stormy life ended in 1614, when she was captured by the Moscow archers and taken in chains to Moscow.
At that time there was already a contender for the kingdom - the young Misha Romanov, elected by the people. And on his way to the throne stood little Ivan, a "little vorenok", the son of Marina Mnishek and some rogue who was hiding under the name of Dmitry.
Marina was a crowned Russian tsarina, her son was nestled in a marriage consecrated by the church, so it is quite understandable that the three-year-old baby was indeed a serious obstacle. And it is clear that it was necessary to get rid of him publicly, in front of the entire people, to get rid of him once and for all, so that there would be no new “princes of John” later.
Therefore, the end of the "varenka" was terrible. The executioner hung it up in public, taking the sleeping child from the mother's arms.
They say that Marina Mnishek cursed the entire Romanov family, promising that none of the Romanov men would die a natural death. If you look closely at the history of this royal family, it will involuntarily come to mind that the curse of the mother, distraught with grief, really worked. Almost all of the Romanovs died either from strange diseases, which were often attributed to the action of poisons, or were killed. The terrible fate of the last Romanovs is especially indicative in this sense.
Marina Mnishek herself died either in captivity (one of the towers of the Kolomna Kremlin is called the “Marina Tower”), or was drowned or strangled. In general, it doesn't matter anymore. It is obvious that Marina's life ended the instant the executioner snatched the sleeping baby from her hands.
What nation was the ancestor of the Romanov family?
Boyar Andrei Kobyla at the court of Ivan Kalita and his son Simeon the Proud is considered to be the ancestor of the Romanov dynasty. We know practically nothing about his life and origin. The chronicles mention him only once: in 1347 he was sent to Tver for the bride of the Grand Duke Simeon the Proud, the daughter of the Prince of Tver Alexander Mikhailovich.
Finding himself, during the unification of the Russian state with the new center in Moscow, in the service of the Moscow branch of the princely dynasty, he thus chose the "golden ticket" for himself and his family. The genealogists mention his numerous descendants, who became the ancestors of many noble Russian families: Semyon Stallion (Lodygins, Konovnitsyn), Alexander Elka (Kolychevs), Gabriel Gavsha (Bobrykins), Childless Vasily Vantey and Fedor Koshka - the ancestor of the Romanovs, Sheremetevs, Golitsyakovs and Toothless. But the origin of the Mare himself remains a mystery. According to the family legend of the Romanovs, he traced his ancestry to the Prussian kings.
When a gap is created in genealogies, it provides an opportunity for falsification. In the case of noble families, this is usually done with the aim of either legitimizing their power, or gaining extra privileges. As in this case. The white spot in the genealogies of the Romanovs was filled in the 17th century under Peter I by the first Russian herald master Stepan Andreyevich Kolychev. The new history corresponded to the "Prussian legend" fashionable even under Rurikovich, which was aimed at confirming the position of Moscow as the successor of Byzantium. Since Rurik's Varangian origin did not fit into this ideology, the founder of the princely dynasty became the 14th descendant of a certain Prus, the ruler of ancient Prussia, a relative of the Emperor Augustus himself. Following them, the Romanovs "rewrote" their history.
The family tradition, later recorded in the "General Armorial of Noble Clans of the All-Russian Empire", says that in 305 AD the Prussian King Prutheno gave the kingdom to his brother Veydevut, and he himself became the high priest of his pagan tribe in the city of Romanov, where the evergreen sacred oak grew.
Before his death, Weidevut divided his kingdom between twelve sons. One of them was Nedron, whose clan owned part of modern Lithuania (Samogit lands). His descendants were brothers Russingen and Glanda Kambila, who were baptized in 1280, and in 1283 Kambila came to Russia to serve the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich. After baptism, he began to be called the Mare.
Russian Seven
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Different peoples, large and small social groups, have different attitudes towards power. Since ancient times, the attitude to power in the Russian people has been painted in religious and moral tones. There was a raid of the Polovtsians - the Lord allowed for sins, Khan Batu came to Russia - they angered God with their deeds and thoughts, princely civil strife or turmoil - God's providence for sins, etc.
From this followed an easy conclusion both for the peasants and for the tsar: live according to the commandments of Christ, follow the customs and traditions of the Church, lead a decent lifestyle, do not let sins and temptations overcome you - and your days will be long, and your memory is good. And vice versa, if you constantly violate the commandments of the Lord, do not follow the rituals and traditions of the Church, behave immoral and immoral, give the opportunity to seduce and deceive yourself - your earthly days will be shortened, and your name will be forgotten, and if your sins are great, the people will curse you and your family.
Moral education in Holy Russia was based on biblical traditions and principles, so they feared curses. If someone curses someone, then wait for that trouble: the loss of livestock, the harvest dies, children die still babies or the Lord does not give them at all, you yourself begin to get sick. Examples from life only strengthened people's faith in damnation as "the judgment of God and the punishing finger." But this judgment is swift and inevitable, harsh and just; neither the peasant nor the tsar can hide from it; Ivan the Terrible sinned and punished, Boris Godunov sinned and punished, people sinned and punished by the Bloody Troubles - with such ideas about morality and power, the Russian Orthodox people entered the terrible 17th century.
The election of Mikhail Romanov by the Zemsky Sobor in 1613 was greeted in the country with jubilation and celebrations. People thanked the Almighty for enlightenment and guidance on the true path. In the popular perception, the elected king was the embodiment of spiritual purity, a pillar of the Church of Christ and a worthy successor to the royal throne of Rurikovich.
The reign of Mikhail Romanov was the time of the revival of the Russian national state and the strengthening of the ancient Orthodox church traditions, a period of healing wounds and increasing wealth. However, the hope that his son and heir, Alexey, would continue his father's endeavors, did not come true.
It makes no sense to retell the rehearsals of the Great Schism, which shook the very foundations of the state and the Church of Christ. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, seduced by the eastern hierarchs of the church and other "soul fishers" by the chimera of creating a huge empire with the capital in Constantinople, fell into heresy and forced his satraps with fire and sword to reform the Russian Ancient Orthodox Church according to a contrived and absolutely useless model. It was the king who ordered to change His name, form and content of prayers dedicated to Him, ordered to forget the Symbol of Faith and His essence, for which he was cursed with his offspring up to the thirteenth generation. Those who remained faithful to Old Orthodoxy cursed the Romanov family, relying on heavenly punishment, everywhere and in writing, on porches and squares, in cities and villages, under torture and at bonfires, in Holy Russia and beyond.
Tsar Alexei himself died soon after the capture of the Solovetsky monastery, one of the last strongholds of piety and holiness in Russia. The death was painful and fell on January 29, 1676. Exactly twenty years later, on January 29, 1696, his son Ivan will die, and on January 28, 1725 Peter the Great will not become; on January 28, 1919, the Bolsheviks will shoot within the Peter and Paul Fortress a whole group of princes of the Romanov dynasty. Is it coincidence or God's Providence?
Or here's another. It is known that on July 17, 1667 over the teachers of Ancient Orthodoxy Avvakum, Lazarus, Epiphanius, Theodore and Nicephorus, the judgment was pronounced by the Nikonian Council, which condemned them and anathematized them. On July 17, 1918, the last Emperor Nicholas II with his family and household members were shot by the Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg. The next day, but already in Alapaevsk, another group of Romanovs was shot. The Bolsheviks and foreigners were the punishment of the royal house for all their obvious and secret sins.
The bearers of the name "Aleksey" in the Romanov family were also pursued by all kinds of misfortunes. The son of Alexei Mikhailovich himself, showing great promise, died as a 16-year-old boy. The son of Peter the Great was killed by his own father. Alexei Antonovich, brother of Ivan VI, died a childless idiot in complete obscurity. Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, who glorified his family by his exorbitant embezzlement and the complete failure of the Russian-Japanese campaign, did not leave a legitimate offspring; shot by Georgian Bolsheviks in Tbilisi. Prince Alexei Mikhailovich died at the age of 20 from tuberculosis, and Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich shared the fate of the royal family in Yekaterinburg.
Now living in California, Alexey Andreevich - 10th knee from the accursed Tsar Alexei - celebrated his 50th anniversary this year, he has his own construction business, is married, but childless. Alex Mikhailovich R.-Ilyinsky - 11th knee, - living with his mother in Florida, turned 10. His father is married to another. Woe to the one bearing the accursed name in the Romanov family.
It is known for certain that the emperors Peter III and Ivan VI, Paul I and Alexander II, Nicholas II and the failed Emperor Michael took a violent death, the death of many crowned persons still causes controversy and rumors. With the fall of the monarchy and the royal house, it seemed that misfortunes should have receded from this kind. If there were any, voluntary or involuntary, sins of the Romanovs before the Russian people and the state, then, probably, they atoned for their guilt with the shed blood during the years of the revolution.
The middle of the 20th century passed relatively calmly for the surname scattered all over the world, the situation has already changed today, when the question of the prospects for the restoration of the monarchy in Russia and the restoration of the Romanov dynasty on the still speculative throne has surfaced again. The presence of a real challenger, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich, gave the situation a particularly piquant character. However, fate was pleased to intervene in this issue and mix all the calculations and cards for Russian and foreign political strategists - the Grand Duke, who survived the difficult flight from France to the United States, suddenly died in front of the assembled audience. It was in 1993, six months before the execution of the Russian Supreme Soviet.
After the sudden death of Vladimir Kirillovich, the "Union of the descendants of the Romanov family", headed by Prince Nikolai Romanovich, loomed in the monarchist sky. A historian by education, he actively began to organize and conduct all kinds of charitable and cultural events abroad and in Russia. Mass media interviews, information on the Internet, loving wife, children, grandchildren. Shortly before arriving at the ceremony for the reburial of the remains of the royal family in 1998, his eldest grandson Enzo Conzolo commits suicide.
The ceremony is attended by about 50 descendants of the once royal family, among them the young Makena Komisar, the granddaughter of Colonel of the US Marine Corps Paul R.-Ilyinsky and the cousin of the aforementioned Alex. In four years, she will die in a terrible car accident.
Mikhail Fedorovich from France is not at the mentioned event. According to the official version, he did not believe in the authenticity of the remains of the royal family. In fact, he is busy with his young wife Maria, whom he recaptured from his son, also Mikhail. The son, meanwhile, is defeated and forced to retire; three years later, the elderly father will receive news from Bombay that the unlucky Michel has suddenly died.
Mikhail Andreevich, despite his 78 years old, flew in from Australia for reburial. His wife Julia is with him. It's nice to visit the homeland of your ancestors, to look at the numerous relatives and their young growth - there are no children of their own. Communicating with her own childless sister Ksenia, who recently buried her husband and therefore became slightly insane, leads to sad reflections. However, whoever goes where, and Mikhail Andreevich, the oldest bearer of the surname, still needs to put on the mantle of the protector of the Order of Malta and take a picture for memory - the Romanovs' game of noble knights-johannites, begun by Paul I, continues. And how can it not continue if, according to information received from the official website of the Order of Malta, Patriarch Alexy himself blesses this deed, and Metropolitan Kirill of Kaliningrad and Smolensk personally conducted divine services with the brothers-Ioannites on their own island.
Correct answer: On the abolition of serfdom
For three centuries it has reaped an abundant bloody harvest.
In 1614, the tsarist troops captured the former queen Marina Mnishek, her lover, the Cossack ataman Ivan Zarutsky, and her young son. Zarutsky was impaled, three-year-old Ivashka was hanged, and Marina was starved to death in the dungeon of the Kolomna Kremlin. Seeing the death of her young son, Marina cursed the new royal dynasty of the Romanovs and predicted that she would end as sadly as Marina herself, her impostor husbands and her son.
Termination of male offspring
Only a little over a hundred years passed, and the direct male offspring in the Romanov dynasty was interrupted. But even the very first king of this dynasty, Michael, was not happy enough in his personal life. His first wife died just five months after the wedding. Of the ten children born to him by his second wife, only four survived to adulthood, among them one son - the next Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Alexei Mikhailovich also did not work out a lot. His firstborn died less than a year old, the second son - Alexey - was the heir to the throne, received an excellent education by the standards of that time, but died in the prime of life. Fyodor Alekseevich, who ascended the throne, reigned for only six years. Then two sons of Alexei Mikhailovich ("The Two Kingdoms") ruled at once, and the elder Ivan V was of limited legal capacity.
But the main thing is that Ivan V did not have sons, and the only adult son of Peter I - Alexei - was also executed by him on suspicion of conspiracy. After a short reign of Peter's widow, Catherine I, the last male Romanov ascended the throne - the 12-year-old son of the executed Alexei Petrovich Peter II. Just three years later, he died with a severe cold (there are, however, other versions).
Extermination
There were still daughters of Ivan V and Peter I. Anna Ioannovna ascended the throne immediately after Peter II. But she had no children, and the crown was supposed to go to the minor great-grandson on the female line of the same Ivan V - Ivan VI Antonovich. However, the daughter of Peter the Great, Elizaveta Petrovna, made a successful coup, after which she reigned for 20 whole years (1741-1761).
Elizaveta Petrovna kept the grown-up Ivan VI imprisoned, but did not kill him, but gave the throne to the grandson of Peter I, the son of his daughter Anna, the Holstein prince who ascended the throne under the name of Peter III. Death overtook both shortly after the death of Elizabeth. First, Peter III was overthrown by his wife and killed by her minions, then Ivan VI was killed in prison, provoking a conspiracy to free him.
Catherine II, the widow of Peter III, a husband-killer and twice a regicide, usurped the throne, became the foremother of all subsequent All-Russian emperors, of which the first - her son Paul - wanted to completely deprive the crown, but did not have time.
Beginning with Peter III, Russian monarchs called themselves Romanovs, although abroad they were rightly called the Holstein-Gottorp-Romanovs. Now the curse passed to them, the descendants of the Romanovs only on the female line through the daughter of Peter the Great Anna. Paul I was killed as a result of a palace conspiracy with the consent of his son Alexander. Alexander himself died childless. Paul's grandson Alexander II was blown up by a bomb. Finally, in 1918, a terrible end befell the entire family of the last Emperor Nicholas II and most of the Grand Dukes. The curse of the Romanovs gathered a rich bloody harvest for three centuries.
German brides for Russian tsars were brought from Baden or Stettin, but Darmstadt became the real "smithy" of the first ladies. Dynastic marriages developed in different ways - happily and not too much, lasted from several years until death, and, despite the fact that many queens were loved by the people, rumor often attributed the misfortunes of the Romanov family to a relationship with the "nemchura."
The first wife of Paul I, Princess Augusta Wilhelmina Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, went down in Russian history under the name of Natalia Alekseevna. Chosen for a rare combination of intelligence, beauty and good temper by Catherine the Great herself, the German princess did not live up to expectations. She was too willful, quick-tempered and brave: she could express her own opinion without shyness and excessively condemned serfdom. In addition, she was cunning and resourceful so that she could plug her mother-in-law, sophisticated in court intrigues, by the belt.
The married life of Paul and Wilhelmina did not work out. The husband disgusted the beautiful wife, and soon she found solace in the arms of Count Razumovsky. This did not last long: 20-year-old Wilhelmina died during childbirth, unable to give birth naturally. It was whispered in the palace that Catherine the Great had ordered the court doctors to moderate their ardor and let God decide whether the woman in labor would live or die.
In maternity fever, which lasted 5 days, Natalya Alekseevna cursed her husband and all the Romanovs. Later it was said that it was because of the dying curse that Paul I himself was killed in his own office by the conspirators, and Alexander II and Nicholas II, who married the Hessian princesses for love, died a violent death.
Alexander II's mother, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, did not give her blessing for marriage with 14-year-old Princess Maximiliana Wilhelmina Augusta Sophia Maria of Hesse for a long time. Perhaps, the empress, carried away by mysticism, remembered the curse of Wilhelmina, and therefore resisted the desire of her son to marry a German princess for love. Alexandra Fedorovna was also embarrassed by rumors about the origin of her son's chosen one. It was rumored that she was born from the illegal relationship of her mother, Princess Maria Wilhelmina of Baden, with Baron August Senarclin de Grancy. But Alexander insisted on his own, threatening that he would rather give up the throne than part from his beloved.
They had been married for almost 40 years, and this union was happy for many years, until Alexander, according to the observant count Sheremetev, “did not feel stuffy” next to Maria Alexandrovna. The blows of fate followed one after another: the rapid deterioration of the wife's health caused by frequent childbirth and the difficult climate of St. Petersburg, the death of the eldest son Nikolai in 1865, rumors of Alexander's connection with Ekaterina Dolgorukova. In her last years, Maria Alexandrovna lived by inertia, and in May 1880 she died. Soon Alexander II was killed by a terrorist bomb.
The emerging trend of fatal death did not frighten the fifth son of Alexander II, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, who in 1884 married Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, Elizabeth Alexandra Louise Alice. The curse began to act already when trying to acquire heirs - the spouses did not have their own children.
Throughout her life, Elizaveta Fedorovna (such an Orthodox name was given to the princess at baptism) turned a blind eye to her husband's adultery, hiding them even from her Darmstadt relatives. However, in 2011, the museum at the Novospassky Monastery published the spouses' correspondence, which refutes the version of an unhappy marriage.
Sergei Alexandrovich went down in history as "Prince Khodynsky". It was on him that popular rumor blamed the tragedy on the Khodynskoye field, when thousands of people died and were injured in a mass crush. On February 4, 1905, Sergei Alexandrovich was expecting the third and final blow: a bomb thrown into his carriage by the socialist Kaliayev tore the body of the Grand Duke apart. The embalmed fragments that Elizaveta Fyodorovna collected with her own hands had to be put into the coffin. The heart of the Grand Duke was found only on the third day of the search, finding him on the roof of one of the houses. The princess herself in July 1918, together with other representatives of the Romanov family, was thrown by the Bolsheviks into a mine, where representatives of the royal family were painfully dying from their wounds and hunger for several more days.
The last victim of the ancestral curse was Nicholas II and his family. There is no historical evidence that Nikolai was afraid of punishment for marrying a German princess for love. But there is documentary evidence of a number of other prophecies.
Long before the execution in the basement of the Ipatiev House, Rasputin predicted the violent death of the royal family. He wrote: "Every time I embrace the king and mother, and girls, and the prince, I shudder with horror, as if embracing the dead." The emperor was warned about the martyrdom of the sovereign many times. During a trip to Japan, a Buddhist hermit warned him about the attack of a fanatic, but "the cane of Prince George" accompanying the Russian emperor "turned out to be stronger than the sword of the assassin."
The king became aware of another prediction after the wedding to the throne and the wedding with Princess Victoria Alice Helena Louise Beatrice of Hesse-Darmstadt. In the memoirs of the Japanese fortuneteller Heiro, read by the tsar, it was said about the impending horrors of wars and that as a result of the bloody events Nicholas “will lose everything that he loved most: his family will be cut out, and he himself will be forcibly killed”.
Finally, in 1901, on the anniversary of the assassination of Paul I, Nicholas and his wife opened a "chest with a secret" to read the letter of the monk Abel lying inside. Paul ordered to open this casket to descendants 100 years after his death. Nothing is known about the content of the letter, but the spouses who read it returned to the palace "pensive and sad." It is possible that the letter contained a warning from Emperor Paul, who was the first to experience the effects of Wilhelmina's curse.