Introduction

This short article contains only a drop of information about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In fact, there are a huge number of heroes and collecting all the information about these people and their exploits is a titanic work and it is already a little beyond the scope of our project. However, we decided to start with 5 heroes - many have heard about some of them, there is a little less information about others and few people know about them, especially the younger generation.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved by the Soviet people thanks to their incredible effort, dedication, ingenuity and self-sacrifice. This is especially clearly revealed in the war heroes who committed incredible feats on the battlefield and beyond. These great people should be known to everyone who is grateful to their fathers and grandfathers for the opportunity to live in peace and tranquility.

Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin

The story of Viktor Vasilyevich begins with the small village of Teplovka, located in the Saratov province. Here he was born in the fall of 1918. His parents were simple workers. After graduating from college, which specialized in producing workers for factories and factories, he himself worked at a meat processing plant and at the same time attended a flying club. Afterwards he graduated from one of the few pilot schools in Borisoglebsk. He took part in the conflict between our country and Finland, where he received a baptism of fire. During the period of confrontation between the USSR and Finland, Talalikhin carried out about five dozen combat missions, while destroying several enemy aircraft, as a result of which he was awarded the honorary Order of the Red Star in the forties for special successes and the completion of assigned tasks.

Viktor Vasilyevich distinguished himself by heroic feats already during the battles in the great war for our people. Although he was credited with about sixty combat missions, the main battle took place on August 6, 1941 in the skies over Moscow. As part of a small air group, Victor flew out on an I-16 to repel an enemy air attack on the capital of the USSR. At an altitude of several kilometers, he met a German He-111 bomber. Talalikhin fired several machine-gun bursts at him, but the German plane skillfully dodged them. Then Viktor Vasilyevich, through a cunning maneuver and subsequent shots from a machine gun, hit one of the bomber’s engines, but this did not help stop the “German”. To the chagrin of the Russian pilot, after unsuccessful attempts to stop the bomber, there were no live cartridges left, and Talalikhin decides to ram. For this ram he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

During the war there were many such cases, but as fate would have it, Talalikhin became the first who decided to ram, neglecting his own safety, in our skies. He died in October 1941 with the rank of squadron commander, while performing another combat mission.

Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub

In the village of Obrazhievka, the future hero, Ivan Kozhedub, was born into a family of simple peasants. After graduating from school in 1934, he entered the Chemical Technology College. The Shostka Aero Club was the first place where Kozhedub acquired flying skills. Then in 1940 he enlisted in the army. In the same year, he successfully entered and graduated from the military aviation school in the city of Chuguev.

Ivan Nikitovich took direct part in the Great Patriotic War. He has more than a hundred air battles to his name, during which he shot down 62 aircraft. Of the large number of combat sorties, two main ones can be distinguished - a battle with an Me-262 fighter with a jet engine, and an attack on a group of FW-190 bombers.

The battle with the Me-262 jet fighter took place in mid-February 1945. On this day, Ivan Nikitovich, together with his partner Dmitry Tatarenko, flew out on La-7 planes to hunt. After a short search, they came across a low-flying plane. He flew along the river from Frankfurt an der Oder. As they got closer, the pilots discovered that it was a new generation Me-262 aircraft. But this did not discourage the pilots from attacking an enemy plane. Then Kozhedub decided to attack on a collision course, since this was the only opportunity to destroy the enemy. During the attack, the wingman fired a short burst from a machine gun ahead of schedule, which could have confused all the cards. But to the surprise of Ivan Nikitovich, such an outburst by Dmitry Tatarenko had a positive effect. The German pilot turned around in such a way that he ended up in Kozhedub’s sights. All he had to do was pull the trigger and destroy the enemy. Which is what he did.

Ivan Nikitovich performed his second heroic feat in mid-April 1945 in the area of ​​the capital of Germany. Again, together with Titarenko, carrying out another combat mission, they discovered a group of FW-190 bombers with full combat kits. Kozhedub immediately reported this to the command post, but without waiting for reinforcements, he began an attack maneuver. German pilots saw two Soviet planes take off and disappear into the clouds, but they did not attach any importance to this. Then the Russian pilots decided to attack. Kozhedub descended to the Germans' flight altitude and began shooting them, and Titarenko from a higher altitude fired in short bursts in different directions, trying to create the impression on the enemy of the presence of a large number of Soviet fighters. The German pilots believed at first, but after several minutes of battle their doubts were dispelled, and they moved on to active action to destroy the enemy. Kozhedub was on the verge of death in this battle, but his friend saved him. When Ivan Nikitovich tried to get away from the German fighter that was pursuing him and was in the firing position of the Soviet fighter, Titarenko, with a short burst, got ahead of the German pilot and destroyed the enemy aircraft. Soon a reinforcement group arrived, and the German group of aircraft was destroyed.

During the war, Kozhedub was twice recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union and was elevated to the rank of marshal of Soviet aviation.

Dmitry Romanovich Ovcharenko

The soldier’s homeland is a village with the telling name Ovcharovo, Kharkov province. He was born into the family of a carpenter in 1919. His father taught him all the intricacies of his craft, which later played an important role in the fate of the hero. Ovcharenko studied at school for only five years, then went to work on a collective farm. He was drafted into the army in 1939. I met the first days of the war, as befits a soldier, on the front line. After a short service, he received minor damage, which, unfortunately for the soldier, became the reason for his transfer from the main unit to service at an ammunition depot. It was this position that became key for Dmitry Romanovich, in which he accomplished his feat.

It all happened in the middle of the summer of 1941 in the area of ​​​​the village of Pestsa. Ovcharenko was carrying out orders from his superiors to deliver ammunition and food to a military unit located several kilometers from the village. He came across two trucks with fifty German soldiers and three officers. They surrounded him, took away his rifle and began interrogating him. But the Soviet soldier was not taken aback and, taking the ax lying next to him, cut off the head of one of the officers. While the Germans were discouraged, he took three grenades from a dead officer and threw them towards the German vehicles. These throws were extremely successful: 21 soldiers were killed on the spot, and Ovcharenko finished off the remaining ones with an ax, including the second officer who was trying to escape. The third officer still managed to escape. But even here the Soviet soldier was not at a loss. He collected all the documents, maps, records and machine guns and took them to the General Staff, while bringing ammunition and food on time. At first they did not believe him that he alone had dealt with an entire platoon of the enemy, but after a detailed study of the battle site, all doubts were dispelled.

Thanks to the heroic deed of soldier Ovcharenko, he was recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union, and he also received one of the most significant orders- Order of Lenin along with the Gold Star medal. He did not live to see victory for only three months. The wound received in the battles for Hungary in January was fatal for the fighter. At that time he was a machine gunner in the 389th Infantry Regiment. He went down in history as a soldier with an axe.

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya

Zoya Anatolyevna’s homeland is the village of Osina-Gai, located in the Tambov region. She was born on September 8, 1923 into a Christian family. As fate would have it, Zoya spent her childhood in dark wanderings around the country. So, in 1925, the family was forced to move to Siberia to avoid persecution by the state. A year later they moved to Moscow, where her father died in 1933. Orphaned Zoya begins to have health problems that prevent her from studying. In the fall of 1941, Kosmodemyanskaya joined the ranks of intelligence officers and saboteurs on the Western Front. In a short time, Zoya completed combat training and began to carry out her assigned tasks.

She accomplished her heroic feat in the village of Petrishchevo. By order, Zoya and a group of fighters were instructed to burn a dozen settlements, including the village of Petrishchevo. On the night of November twenty-eighth, Zoya and her comrades made their way to the village and came under fire, as a result of which the group broke up and Kosmodemyanskaya had to act alone. After spending the night in the forest, early in the morning she set out to complete the task. Zoya managed to set fire to three houses and escape unnoticed. But when she decided to return again and finish what she started, villagers were already waiting for her, who, seeing the saboteur, immediately informed the German soldiers. Kosmodemyanskaya was captured and tortured for a long time. They tried to extract information from her about the unit in which she served and her name. Zoya refused and didn’t say anything, and when asked what her name was, she called herself Tanya. The Germans felt that they could not get more information and hung it up in public. Zoya met her death with dignity, and her last words went down in history forever. Dying, she said that our people number one hundred and seventy million people, and they cannot be outweighed in all. So, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died heroically.

Mentions of Zoya are associated primarily with the name “Tanya”, under which she went down in history. She is also a Hero of the Soviet Union. Her distinctive feature is that she is the first woman to receive this honorary title posthumously.

Alexey Tikhonovich Sevastyanov

This hero was the son of a simple cavalryman, a native of the Tver region, and was born in the winter of 1917 in the small village of Kholm. After graduating from technical school in Kalinin, he entered school military aviation. Sevastyanov finished it successfully in 1939. In more than a hundred combat sorties, he destroyed four enemy aircraft, of which two each personally and in a group, as well as one balloon.

He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. The most important sorties for Alexei Tikhonovich were battles in the skies over the Leningrad region. So, on November 4, 1941, Sevastyanov patrolled the sky above in his IL-153 aircraft. Northern capital. And just while he was on duty, the Germans carried out a raid. The artillery could not cope with the onslaught and Alexei Tikhonovich had to join the battle. The German He-111 aircraft managed to keep away the Soviet fighter for a long time. After two unsuccessful attacks, Sevastyanov made a third attempt, but when the time came to pull the trigger and destroy the enemy with a short burst, the Soviet pilot discovered a lack of ammunition. Without thinking twice, he decides to go for the ram. A Soviet plane pierced the tail of an enemy bomber with its propeller. For Sevastyanov, this maneuver turned out well, but for the Germans it all ended in captivity.

The second significant flight and the last for the hero was an air battle in the skies over Ladoga. Alexey Tikhonovich died in an unequal battle with the enemy on April 23, 1942.

Conclusion

As we have already said in this article, not all the heroes of the war are collected; there are about eleven thousand of them in total (according to official data). Among them are Russians, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and all other nations of our multinational state. There are those who did not receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, having committed an equally important act, but due to a coincidence of circumstances, information about them was lost. There was a lot in the war: desertion of soldiers, betrayal, death, and much more, but the most great importance had exploits - these are the heroes. Thanks to them, victory was won in the Great Patriotic War.

Veteran of the Great Patriotic War Ksenia Pavlovna Karpunina

Commissioner of the 2nd Squadron of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Guard Captain. In the Red Army since 1941. In the active army since May 1942. As part of the regiment, she took part in the battle for the Caucasus and the liberation of Kuban and Crimea. In 1943, due to the liquidation of the post of commissar, she left the regiment.

Veterans of the Great Patriotic War Antonov P.V. and Parshutkin V.T..

Antonov Pavel was born into a peasant family in the village. Starkovo, Moscow province, Bronnitsky district, Zagornovsky volost on January 13, 1902.

Parshutkin Vasily Trofimovich was born on January 11, 1919. in the village of Krasny-Shadym, Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Zapevalov Alexander Ivanovich

Alexander Ivanovich Zapevalov was born in 1897 in the village of Voskresenskoye, Cherepovets district. Vologda region. Member of the CPSU.

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, he worked in the People's Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR. During the war he was at the front. Later, behind enemy lines, he was the commander of a sabotage group, the secretary of the party organization of the detachment, and later the Budyonny brigade.

Awarded the Order of the Red Star and nine medals.

Participants of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. –

Heroes of the Soviet Union, residents of the Northern Medvedkovo district

Hero of the Soviet Union

BORISKIN Pyotr Nikitovich

Boriskin Pyotr Nikitovich was born on July 20, 1921 in the village of Asanovo, Korablinsky district Ryazan region in a peasant family. In 1939, he graduated from the 7th grade of Nikitinskaya junior high school and went to Moscow to live with his older sister. Got a job as a milling machine operator at plant No. 8 named after. Kalinin in the city of Kaliningrad, Moscow region. On October 10, 1940, the Mytishchi RVC was drafted into the Red Army. Served in the Volga Military District in the 3rd tank division, in intelligence. battalion as a signalman-motorcyclist.

From October 1941 to December 15, 1942 Boriskin P.N. on the Volkhov Front, where the command of the unit noticed the brave motorcyclist and sent him to study at the Kazan Tank School, which he graduated in 1943. Having received the rank of junior lieutenant, he becomes a tank commander. He fights in the 87th separate tank regiment, which soon became the Red Banner Zhytomyr Regiment, which was part of the 15th Guards Mechanized Division, 1st Ukrainian Front.

Junior Lieutenant Boriskin P.N. with the crew of his tank he took part in many combat operations. He especially distinguished himself in battle when, in the direction of Art. Saw his tank as part of a platoon was in the Zimforst area. On the night of January 27-28, 1945, the enemy launched a counterattack with superior forces, which resulted in cutting off 4 tanks of the mechanized corps and the 21st Guards Cavalry Regiment from the rest of the division. The situation in this area has become serious. Then junior lieutenant Boriskin led his tank out of the ambush and, as part of a platoon, in night conditions and in difficult terrain, went on the offensive against the enemy group. Only thanks to the brave and decisive actions of the tankers, the position of the 21st Guards Cavalry Regiment was restored, the enemy was thrown back to the previously occupied line of defense with heavy losses for him. In this battle Boriskin P.N. destroyed 2 tanks, 1 cannon and scattered up to a company of enemy infantry.

In the battles to capture a bridgehead on the western bank of the Oder River, on January 31, 1945, Junior Lieutenant Boriskin received an order to support the combat operations of the 27th Guards Cavalry Regiment on the western bank of the Oder River along the Oderbrück-Leng road with fire and maneuver of a tank. His tank was attacked by 4 enemy self-propelled guns. The brave officer entered into single combat with them, and, despite the fact that the superiority of forces was one to four, Boriskin P.N. emerged victorious and destroyed two enemy self-propelled guns along with their crews. The rest turned back.

With his bold and decisive actions, Junior Lieutenant Boriskin ensured the safe entry of division units to the crossing. An enemy shell knocked out and set fire to his tank. The crew was completely disabled, the driver was killed, and the radiotelegraph operator was seriously wounded. Junior Lieutenant Boriskin, being wounded, did not leave the tank and crew, but remained in the tank until the unit commander ordered to go to the hospital. Burning with hatred for the enemy, Boriskin P.N. did not go to the hospital, but sat on another tank and rushed into battle again, where he destroyed 1 tank, 2 armored personnel carriers with fire from a tank cannon, suppressed the fire of one mortar battery and destroyed up to a company of enemy infantry.

For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command in the battles for the capture and retention of a bridgehead on the western bank of the Oder River, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1945, junior lieutenant Pyotr Nikitovich Boriskin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

After the war, in 1947, Lieutenant Boriskin P.N. completed advanced training courses officers at the Ulyanovsk Tank School and continued to serve in the Soviet Army. In 1953, with the rank of captain, he retired to the reserve, and until his retirement he lived and worked in the Moscow region, in the village of Lokomotivny, Solnechnogorsk district. After retirement Boriskin P.N. moved to Moscow and lived in Northern Medvedkovo on Polyarnaya Street. On April 8, 1990, he died and was buried at the Preobrazhenskoye cemetery.

For service to the Motherland, Hero of the Soviet Union Boriskin Pyotr Nikitovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, medals “For Military Merit”, “For the Defense of Leningrad”, “For Victory over Germany” and many others. His name is carved into the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union in the Hall of Fame on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow.

Hero of the Soviet Union

EFIMOV Ivan Nikolaevich

Retired lieutenant colonel Ivan Nikolaevich Efimov was born on October 23, 1918 in the village of Novotroitskoye, Ternovsky district Voronezh region in a peasant family. After finishing 7th grade in 1936, he left for Moscow. He worked at a car depot and at the same time was involved in a flying club, which he dreamed of from early childhood. In 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to the school of junior aviation specialists. In 1943 he graduated from the Ulyanovsk Military Aviation Pilot School. Since February 1944, Efimov I.N. In the active army, he flies Ilah, first as an ordinary attack pilot, then as an aviation flight commander of the 565th Assault Aviation Regiment, 224th Assault Aviation Division, 8th Assault Aviation Corps, 8th Air Army, 4th Ukrainian Front. In March 1944, the 224th Assault Aviation Division relocated from the Moscow region to Ukraine.

In 1944, he took part in the battles for the liberation of Western Ukraine, including the cities of Starokonstantinov, Chernivtsi, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Drohobych, Lvov, and in the battles for the liberation of the Carpathians. March 19, 1944, as part of a group of 8 aircraft Efimov I.N. . flew to attack enemy troops and military equipment. Going on the attack, he brought down the full power of his plane’s fire on the enemy. Using machine guns and cannons, he fired at the Nazis holed up in trenches and trenches, and attacked enemy artillery and mortar batteries with rockets and bombs.

In July 1944, having broken through the enemy’s defenses, our troops rapidly moved forward. Already on the approaches to Lvov, the command learned that the enemy was preparing a counterattack. Southeast of the city, the Nazis concentrated a large number of tanks and assault guns. And again Efimov I.N. on a combat course. Despite strong enemy anti-aircraft fire, his group destroyed 5 enemy tanks on this flight. Combat sorties for Efimov I.N. have become commonplace. It was especially difficult in the Carpathians. Flying between the mountains, he sought out and delivered crushing blows to concentrations of enemy troops in narrow gorges and passes. In 1945, Efimov I.N. participated in the liberation of Poland, in the battles over the Oder and in Czechoslovakia.

In February 1945, Efimov I.N., the leader of eight attack aircraft, flew to attack the Zebrzydowice station in Polish Silesia. As he approached it, he noticed an enemy fortified area. The enemy met the Soviet planes with strong barrage fire. The “Ilys” formed a battle formation and suppressed anti-aircraft batteries; others, at the command of the leader, attacked the armored train, fired at it with rockets, and then struck with anti-tank bombs. The task was completed - the armored train was destroyed.

Another time, Efimov was given the task of scouting out an enemy crossing across the Oder River. The pilots Efimov and Fufachev could not find any signs of it. And when they were reconnaissance of the approaches to the river, trying to find at least access roads behind enemy lines, enemy anti-aircraft gunners opened strong barrage fire. The wingman fired a salvo of rockets at the firing position of the fascist anti-aircraft gunners located near the very bank of the river. At the same time, Efimov dropped several bombs. One of them fell into the water not far from the shore. After the explosion, fragments of logs and boards floated down the river. The crossing, hidden under water at a depth of 15–25 centimeters, was discovered and attacked by Soviet attack aircraft. The bombs hit their target exactly.

By April 1945, the flight commander of the 565th attack air regiment, senior lieutenant Efimov I.N. made 142 combat missions to reconnaissance and attack railway trains, armored trains, crossings, and concentrations of enemy troops.

For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism demonstrated by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 29, 1945, senior lieutenant Ivan Nikolaevich Efimov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. "

In total, during the war years, Efimov made 183 combat missions to attack enemy military targets. The deputy squadron commander, Senior Lieutenant Efimov, made his last combat flight on May 8, 1945. It was near the city of Olomouc in Czechoslovakia.

On June 24, 1945, Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Nikolaevich Efimov participated in the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow.

At the end of the Great Patriotic War, Ivan Nikolaevich Efimov served in the military for over ten years. Air Force, conscientiously fulfilling his military duty. The front-line soldier trained young pilots and generously passed on his rich combat experience to them. Died March 10, 2010.

Ivan Nikolaevich for service to the Motherland, courage and bravery shown in battles with the Nazis, was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Star, the medal “For Victory over Germany” and the 18th other medals. His name is engraved in the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union in the Hall of Fame on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow.

Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich lived next to us on Zarevo Proezd.

From the memories of participants in the Great Patriotic War, residents of the Northern Medvedkovo region

Veteran of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

ALEXEEV Ivan Sergeevich.

I, Ivan Sergeevich Alekseev, was born on January 14, 1927 in the village of Oskolishche, Volokonovsky district, Kursk (now Belgorod) region into a peasant family. I don't remember my parents. When I was five years old, there was a terrible famine in the country, there was nothing to eat, and my parents, saving me from starvation, threw me into an orphanage, and then disappeared. I never saw them again, and later found out that they had died. He was brought up and grew up in an orphanage. In 1941, as the Nazis approached our area, our orphanage was evacuated to Uzbekistan, to the city of Namangan.

There I continued to study at a regular school, but, given my inclination and passion for music, I was transferred as a student to the 2nd Moscow School of Military Musicians, which was also located in Namangan. The school was headed by Colonel Zlobin. Before the war, this school opened all parades on Red Square. In 1944, the head of the military band service of the Red Army, General Chernetsky, came to the school to check and ensure that the school was ready to return to Moscow. That same year, the school of military musicians returned to Moscow, including me.

Soon I was drafted into the army and sent to serve in the military orchestra at the Higher School of Bandmasters of the Red Army. With this orchestra, as part of the combined orchestra, I took part in the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square on June 24, 1945.

In 1945, I entered this higher school to study, graduated in 1949 and was sent as a conductor to a separate Moscow special-purpose division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He served in various positions until 1987. He retired with the rank of colonel from the post of head of the military band service of a special purpose division.

For service to the Motherland I have awards: the medal “For Victory over Germany” and other anniversary medals, 14 medals in total.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.

ZHIDKOV Elisey Grigorievich

I, Zhidkov Elisey Grigorievich, was born on June 12, 1917 in Belarus. In 1939 he graduated from the Minsk Infantry School and was awarded the military rank of lieutenant.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, as an officer in the operational department of the headquarters of the 38th Army (second formation), he was directly involved in the preparation and conduct of operations carried out by army troops.

The first major offensive operation, in which the 38th Army participated, was the Voronezh-Kastornenskaya. This operation is the beginning of the main victorious march of the 38th Army towards Victory over fascism. By March 1943, the army fought its way to the line east of Sumy. In July-August she took part in the Battle of Kursk. Then the defeat of the Nazis on the left bank of Ukraine and participation in the heroic crossing of the Dnieper. Played a decisive role in the liberation of the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv.

From January 1943 until the victorious end of the war, the 38th Army almost continuously advanced to the west. Hundreds of Soviet cities and thousands of villages were liberated, including: Sumy, Kyiv, Zhitomir, Vinnitsa, Lvov. Participated in the defeat of the enemy in Poland and Czechoslovakia.

The range of duties of an operations officer was large, complex and sometimes deadly. In addition to direct participation in planning and organizing combat operations, collecting and summarizing situational data, developing combat documents and bringing them to the executors, he carried out combat missions related to command and control of troops in various types battle.

During the crossing of the Dnieper, I was on the bridgehead in the Lyutezh area as a representative of the Army Military Council to adjust the combat operations of the military branches and monitor the progress of the battle to expand the bridgehead and prepare for the development of the offensive.

On January 28, 1944, during the operation to liberate right-bank Ukraine, a difficult situation developed in the zone of action of the 17th Guards Rifle Corps. The enemy, with a large number of tanks and motorized infantry, broke through the battle formations of our troops, cut the railway south of the Lipovets station and continued to advance towards the village of Vladimirovka, threatening to reach the rear of our army.

Army Commander General Moskalenko K.S. decided to urgently turn around the tank brigade, which was on the march, and counterattack the enemy. I had to convey this order to the corps commander and the commander of the tank brigade. However, there was no communication with the corps and brigade at that time. I was ordered to urgently deliver the commander's order to its destination on a U-2 plane. On approach to the corps headquarters, our plane was attacked by two enemy fighters. The pilot, a senior lieutenant, began to cling to the ground, trying to land, but was wounded in the air, and our plane crashed into the snow. I was sitting on the plane untethered, and I was thrown out of the plane about 30 meters forward. At this time, the Messerschmitts fired at our plane a second time, trying to burn it down. We fell on neutral territory. Enemy tanks are firing on one side, and our artillery on the other. The pilot was killed, I took his documents, ran to the corps headquarters and handed the commander's order to the corps commander.

When we were flying, communication with the building was restored. The corps commander received this order by radio and at the same time reported that our plane was shot down and the officer and pilot were killed. I walked about 40 kilometers to the army headquarters and reported to the commander that I had handed the order to the corps commander. The pilot was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Star.

In the battles on the right bank of Ukraine, the army continued to develop its offensive, repelling enemy counterattacks. The army command post moved behind the troops at a short distance. The enemy, holding back our advance, counterattacked with Tiger tanks. Some of our fighters could not stand it and began to retreat in panic. The army commander sends me to the threatened area to find out the situation. I and the soldiers of the security company went to the battle formations of the troops. We managed to stop the fleeing people in front of the army headquarters by firing machine guns over their heads and by our personal example. One lieutenant with the remnants of the 45 mm gun crew fled in panic from the tanks and stopped in front of the house where the commander was located. At this time I reported to the commander that the situation had been restored and the enemy attack had been repulsed. General Colonel Moskalenko saw an officer with a cannon through the window and ordered him to be brought to him. The lieutenant reported in fright: “Everyone died, two soldiers and I survived.” The commander ordered me to shoot the officer. I took him away from the house, shot upward twice, and told the lieutenant: “Run quickly to your unit and continue to fight for real.” I felt sorry for the young officer; he will come to his senses and will still benefit the Motherland.

In difficult battle conditions, when unit commanders were out of action, he took control. More than once he led mobile groups to destroy the enemy who had infiltrated the flanks and joints of the battle formations of our troops.

September - October 1944, the 38th Army carried out the Carpathian-Duklensk operation. Units of the 70th Guards Division in the area southwest of the city of Ivli, finding themselves cut off from the main forces of the army, fought stubborn battles surrounded by the enemy on September 15 and 16. Army Commander K.S. Moskalenko He sent officers of the operational department to this difficult area - Lieutenant Colonel M.A. Syvak, Major O.A. Lyshko. and me - Major E.G. Zhidkov. In difficult conditions of encirclement, when a number of commanders were out of action, we more than once took control of units and restored the situation in threatened areas. In a battle with the enemy, Syvak and Lyshko were killed; by a lucky coincidence, I remained alive.

Often it was necessary to provide commanders of formations and units with assistance in preparing, organizing and conducting combat. Exercise control over the accomplishment by troops of the tasks determined by the order. Provide army command with data on the position of troops during the battle, and if conflicting information is received, clarify it with direct presence at the front line or line occupied by advanced units.

The front commander, Army General I.E. Petrov, arrived at the army command post. A decision was made to bring in the second echelon of the army to develop the offensive. In the direction of the entry of the 2nd echelon, fierce battles were fought for a large populated area by two divisions. One division commander reports that this settlement is occupied by the Germans, the second - that it is not. If it is busy, the 2nd echelon must be entered and vice versa. There was an urgent need to clarify the veracity of the information on this report. The commander sends me urgently to clarify the situation on the spot. When I drove up to the checkpoint in my car, our car was fired upon with automatic weapons, and the settlement itself was littered with soldier corpses—ours and the enemy’s. On the outskirts, a command post of one regiment of our division was discovered in the attic of a house. The settlement was not occupied by the enemy; fierce battles were fought for it. Based on my report, which was truthful, the necessary decision was made to bring the second echelon into battle.

In the Carpathians in the Dukla direction, he acted in fierce battles together with officers of the Czechoslovak Corps.

It seems to me that there is no need to list all the combat activities of an officer in the operations department of the headquarters. The department was the main body for command and control of troops in the hands of the commander and chief of staff of the army.

The war ended on May 9, 1945, but the troops of the 38th Army continued to destroy scattered enemy groups on the territory of Czechoslovakia until May 12. At this time, I finished my combat service in the operational department of the headquarters and was sent to study at military academy named after M.V. Frunze.

On June 24, 1945, I took part in the Victory Parade in Moscow as part of the combined regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, commanded by Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky.

After graduating from the Academy. M.V. Frunze, I continued my service in the Armed Forces. In 1952 he graduated from the second academy - the General Staff Academy, and served in large operational headquarters. Before leaving the Armed Forces, he held the position of senior lecturer in the department of operational art at the Military Academy of the General Staff. In 1974, on July 12, he was transferred from active military service to the reserve (due to age).

After leaving the Armed Forces, he was hired by the All-Union Research Institute of the Metrological Service of Gosstandart as head of the scientific department, where he worked for 17 years.

For service to the Motherland he was awarded: the Order of the Red Banner of Battle and the Red Banner of Labor, three Orders of the Red Star, three Orders of the Patriotic War and the Order for Service to the Motherland in the USSR Armed Forces; medals “For Military Merit”, “For Distinction in Protecting the State Border of the USSR”, “Veteran of the Armed Forces” and ten anniversary medals.

He was also awarded two foreign orders: the American officer's Order of Merit and the Iranian Order of Hamayun, 2nd class.

ZAKHAROV Sergey Fedotovich.

I, Sergei Fedotovich Zakharov, was born on February 28, 1921 into a peasant family in the village of Gruzdovka, Kaluga district, Kaluga region. In 1929, they moved to live in the Moscow region, where they graduated from the 7th grade of high school and, before being drafted into the army, worked at enterprises in Moscow. In April 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army and before the start of World War II served as a private in a construction battalion.

At the beginning of the war, he was transferred to the 333rd Infantry Regiment, with which he arrived on the Western Front near the city of Kalinin. Fascist army, fulfilling Hitler's directive, abandoning its main forces, sought to capture Moscow. Here on Western Front, while participating in fierce battles with the Nazis, I was wounded, and after recovery I was sent to the city of Gorky for junior commander courses.

After completing the courses, I arrived in the 2nd Tank Corps of the Voronezh Front in the motorized infantry. Retreating with battles, he reached Stalingrad, and on the approaches to it he was wounded again. Treatment took place in a hospital in Saratov. After recovery, he again arrived in Stalingrad in the 284th Infantry Division of the 62nd Army as a company sergeant major, with which he took part in battles until the end of the defeat of the Nazis at Stalingrad, i.e. until February 2, 1943. Here he was slightly wounded twice and was treated in a medical battalion.

After the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, I was sent to a course for lieutenants of the 62nd - 8th Guards Army. Upon completion of training on May 15, 1943, I was awarded the rank of guard lieutenant and remained on the course as a rifle platoon commander and teacher of fire and drill training.

After the first graduation of platoon commanders, he was sent to the front line as commander of a rifle company of the 79th Guards Rifle Division of the 8th Guards Army on the 3rd Ukrainian Front. He took part in crossing the Dnieper River and in the liberation of the cities of Zaporozhye and Odessa. In the battles for the city of Krivoy Rog he was again wounded, and was again sent to the Saratov hospital for treatment. After recovery, he was sent to the city of Ulyanovsk for advanced training courses for infantry officers.

After studying for six months, he was sent to the 1st Belorussian Front in the 61st Army, 9th Guards Corps, 12th Guards Division as commander of a rifle company. I served in this division until the end of the war, participating in the battles for the liberation of Warsaw, Koenigsberg, Frankfurt on the Oder, crossed the Vistula and Oder rivers, participated in the assault on Berlin, and was slightly wounded twice more.

At the end of the war, he was honored to take part in the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, 1945. When selecting candidates for the Parade, the following were taken into account: positive combat characteristics, military awards, height and drill bearing.

He got married on June 25, 1945, and he and his wife lived for 57 years and raised a son and daughter. After the Victory Parade he returned to Germany and served for another year in the military commandant's office of the city of Halle.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

SIGALOV Viktor Monevich.

I, Viktor Monevich Sigalov, was born on October 18, 1920 in the city of Dnepropetrovsk. In 1924, my family moved to Moscow, where I graduated high school and worked in a printing house. In 1939, he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to serve in the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (KBF). The war found me serving in the 1st Submarine Brigade. We stood at the mouth of the Dvina, in Bolderai, 18 kilometers from Riga. After leaving Tallinn, they were based in Kronstadt.

On September 8, 1941, I, like many sailors, was sent to the land front to defend Leningrad, to the 98th Infantry Regiment. In fierce battles near Oranienbaum (Lomonosov) on September 15, he was wounded with a through bullet wound to his right forearm and shoulder. Treatment took place in hospital 1114 (Herzen Institute on Moika 48).

On November 8, 1941, he was discharged from the hospital and voluntarily joined the newly formed 5th separate ski battalion of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (KBF). As part of the battalion, he participated in the defense of Kronstadt, the protection of the winter road connecting Kronstadt with the mainland, in the defense and combat operations in the Oranienbaum area and the forts “Red Hill” and “Grey Horse”. Here he was wounded again.

After recovery, from April 1942 he served in the 1st trawling brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (later the 1st Red Banner trawling brigade) in the 4th division of the Red Banner minesweepers TSH 62 and TSH 65. Participated in trawling the bay, convoying ships and supplying our islands in the Gulf of Finland, the liberation of the islands in the Vyborg Gulf, the transfer of the 2nd Shock Army to the Oranienbaum bridgehead during the preparation of the breakthrough and lifting of the blockade of Leningrad. He took part in the landing of troops near Narva, the liberation of Tallinn, and in the transfer of troops to the islands of Ezel and Dago.

On June 24, 1945, he participated in the Victory Parade in Moscow as part of a consolidated regiment of Baltic sailors with the rank of “sergeant major of the 2nd article.” He was demobilized in 1947 and worked in national economy countries.

For service to the Motherland I have awards: Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Order of the Red Star, Ushakov medal, medal “For the Defense of Leningrad”, medal “For Victory over Germany” and many anniversary medals.

Heroes of the Great Patriotic War, after whom the streets of the North-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow are named

Ivan Vasilievich Bochkov

Ace pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, participant in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars. Won more than twenty air victories, for his valor he was awarded the Order of Lenin (twice), the Red Banner and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, as well as the medal “For Courage”.

Ivan Vasilyevich Bochkov was born on September 17, 1915 in the territory of the present Baryatinsky district of the Kaluga region into a peasant family. In 1928 he came to Moscow. After completing the driver's course, he began working at the Caliber plant, while simultaneously completing his training at the flying club. In 1937 he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1939, Bochkov graduated from the Borisoglebsk Military Aviation School named after V.P. Chkalov, where he was sent to study.

He took part in the Soviet-Finnish war and was awarded a medal for his courage.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he had the rank of senior lieutenant; by February 1943, he was already captain and head of the air rifle service of the 19th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, which was part of the 7th Air Army of the Karelian Front. In total, during the war, Bochkov made more than 300 combat missions, participated in approximately 50 air battles, personally shot down 7 and as part of a group 32 enemy aircraft. Heroic victories brought fame to the pilot - they jokingly said that Bochkov’s enemies put Bochkov in a difficult position, leaving no room on his plane for stars indicating the number of downed vehicles. The newspaper “Combat Watch” even called: “Pilot! Be as persistent, skillful and brave in battle as Guard Captain Ivan Bochkov!”, but after the death of the ace.

On April 4, 1943, Ivan Bochkov and Pavel Kutakhov rose into the sky following a combat alarm. Bochkov broke up the formation of enemy planes, but noticed that Kutakhov was under attack and rushed to the rescue. The life of his comrade was saved, but the ace himself died. He was buried in a mass grave at Shongui station (Kola district, Murmansk region).

On May 1, 1943, Ivan Vasilyevich Bochkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.

A street in the North-Eastern district of Moscow, in the Ostankino district from Mira Avenue to Olminsky Proezd, is named in honor of Ivan Bochkov. In the garden of the Kalibr plant, where Ivan Vasilyevich began to work, there is his bust.

Boris Lavrentievich Galushkin

Participant of the Great Patriotic War, commander of the special detachment of the NKGB of the USSR “Help” of the partisan group “Arthur”. Hero of the Soviet Union (11/5/1944, posthumously), lieutenant.

Born in 1919 in the city of Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky (now the city of Shakhty).

In July 1941, from his fourth year at the institute, he volunteered for the Red Army and was sent to the front in the fall of that year.

He fought on the Leningrad Front, where he was wounded and hospitalized, but secretly fled from the hospital to the front. In 1942, he carried out special missions behind enemy lines in the territories of the Minsk and Vitebsk regions. In 1943 he became a member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). In May 1943, he was appointed commander of the special detachment of the NKGB of the USSR “Help”, which, in turn, was part of the “Arthur” group. Galushkin's detachment was able to derail twenty-four enemy trains, destroy and damage twenty-three steam locomotives, dozens of cars, tanks and tractors, blow up six warehouses with ammunition and fodder, disable a paper factory in the city of Borisov, Minsk region, a power plant, a timber and flax plant .

He died on June 15, 1944 while escaping from encirclement as part of an assault group he commanded in the area of ​​Lake Palik, Borisov district, Minsk region.

He was buried in a mass grave in the village of Makovye, Borisov district, Minsk region of Belarus, among eighty-nine military personnel and partisans.

A street in the Alekseevsky district of the North-Eastern district of Moscow is named in honor of Boris Lavrentievich Galushkin. Boris Galushkin Street starts from Mira Avenue opposite the northern entrance of the All-Russian Exhibition Center, runs southeast parallel to Kasatkina Street, crosses Yaroslavskaya Street, Cosmonauts Street, forming with it Academician Lyulki Square, Pavel Korchagin Street (on the right) and Rizhsky Proezd, which, however , at this point it is interrupted and goes out onto Boris Galushkin Street along with Pavel Korchagin Street. It ends at the bridge-overpass across the Yaroslavl direction railway tracks, turning into Rostokinsky passage.

Sergei Konstantinovich Godovikov

Platoon commander of the 1183rd Infantry Regiment of the 356th Infantry Division of the 61st Army of the Central Front, Lieutenant.

Born on June 10, 1924 in Moscow. He graduated from nine classes of secondary school No. 237. He worked as a turner at the Kalibr plant and was secretary of the factory Komsomol committee.

In August 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from the Moscow Machine Gun School, located in the city of Mozhga, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War from August 1943. He fought on the Central Front.

Platoon commander of the 1183rd Infantry Regiment, junior lieutenant S.K. Godovikov distinguished himself on September 28, 1943. The platoon successfully crossed the Dnieper near the village of Novoselki, and then, together with neighboring units, captured a bridgehead on the right bank of the river. Died in this battle. He was buried in the village of Novoselki, Repkinsky district, Chernigov region.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 15, 1944, for the courage and heroism shown during the crossing of the Dnieper and holding a bridgehead on its right bank, junior lieutenant Sergei Konstantinovich Godovikov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In Moscow, a street is named after the Hero, and a bust was installed on the Alley of Heroes on the territory of the Kalibr plant. Godovikova Street is located in the Ostankino district of the North-Eastern District, between Murmansky Proezd and Zvezdny Boulevard.

Ivan Arkhipovich Dokukin

Participant of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union, deputy squadron commander of the 504th assault aviation regiment of the 226th assault aviation division of the 8th air army of the South-Eastern Front, captain of the Air Force.

Born on June 17, 1920 in the village of Znamenka, now Bolsheboldinsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region.

The father died during the civil war. The mother went to work in Moscow, where in 1932 she took her son. After graduating from school, FZU worked as a welder in the thermite shop of the Moscow Kalibr plant. In 1939, the Komsomol organization of the plant sent him to the gliding school of the Rostokinsky district, after graduation - to the Tushino, and then to the Serpukhov aviation school.

In the Red Army since 1939. In 1941 he graduated from the Serpukhov Military Aviation School of Pilots. Since June 1941 in the active army. The war found Ivan Dokukin in an aviation unit that was based on the western border. From the very beginning of the war, the pilot took part in battles. Defended the sky of Leningrad.

From October 9 to October 13, 1941, Ivan Dokukin made 5 combat missions on an Il-2 aircraft to destroy enemy ground forces. As a result, together with other pilots of the unit, he destroyed up to a battalion of enemy infantry, several tanks and guns. In May 1942, near Kharkov, Dokukin, as part of the eight, made repeated raids on enemy airfields where fascist fighters were stationed. Acting boldly and decisively, he and his comrades in a short time destroyed 15 German Me-109 aircraft on the ground and in air battles. From mid-summer 1942, Dokukin fought at Stalingrad. On July 21, 1942, he made 9 combat runs on an enemy convoy, destroying 9 vehicles.

By September 25, 1942, the deputy squadron commander of the 504th assault aviation regiment, Lieutenant Dokukin, destroyed 8 aircraft, 15 tanks, 110 vehicles with military cargo, 15 motorcycles, 3 anti-aircraft guns, 4 gas tanks and many other enemy equipment.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 8, 1943, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism displayed, Lieutenant Ivan Arkhipovich Dokukin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal "(No. 833).

In the summer of 1943, Ivan Dokukin fought over the Mius River and in the skies of Donbass. On July 8, 1943, he was killed in an air battle.

He was buried in the village of Zverevo, Rostov region.

In the North-Eastern District, the Hero’s name is given to a street in the Rostokino district, located between Mira Avenue (beginning) and the intersection of 1st Leonov Passage with Leonov Street, as well as the crew of the Caliber plant, on the territory of which his bust is installed.

Sergey Vasilievich Milashenkov

Hero of the Soviet Union, attack pilot, born on September 15, 1921, in the village of Lesovaya, now Safonovsky district, Smolensk region.

After finishing the seven-year school, he worked in Moscow in a musical instrument artel, in the editorial office of the newspaper Pravda.

In the Red Army since 1940. In 1942 he graduated from the Engels Military Aviation Pilot School. Since December 1942 at the front. Squadron commander of the 109th Guards Attack Aviation Regiment, Guard Senior Lieutenant. Made 90 successful combat missions. Member of the CPSU(b) since 1943.

On July 14, 1944, near the village of Mikulichi (Vladimir-Volynsky district, Volyn region, Ukraine), he was shot down during a combat mission. Then the pilot directed his burning plane towards a concentration of enemy troops. Air gunner Ivan Solop also died along with the pilot.

For this feat, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1945, S.V. Milashenkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Sergei Vasilyevich Milashenkov was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree, and medals.

A street in the Butyrsky district of the North-Eastern district of Moscow, located between Fonvizin Street and Komdiv Orlov Street, the monorail station “Milashenkova Street”, is named after the Hero. Also in the Butyrsky district there is a middle comprehensive school No. 230 named after S.V. Milashenkova, a monument to the Hero was erected in the courtyard of school No. 1236.

Vladimir Alexandrovich Molodtsov

Soviet intelligence officer, state security captain, partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union (November 5, 1944, posthumously) pseudonym - Pavel Vladimirovich Badaev. During the Great Patriotic War he led a reconnaissance and sabotage detachment in occupied Odessa. Executed by the Romanian occupiers. The burial place is unknown.

Born on July 5, 1911 in the village of Sasovo, Elatomsky district, Tambov province (now Ryazan region).

In 1926 he joined the Komsomol (VLKSM) and soon became secretary of the Kratovo cell. After graduating from the Kratov school, he studied at a 9-year school in Ramenskoye, Moscow region, and graduated from the 10th grade at Moscow Railway School No. 1. He began his career in 1929 as a laborer, then as a mechanic’s assistant. In 1934 he studied at the workers' faculty at the Moscow Engineering and Economics Institute named after. S. Ordzhonikidze. In the same year, at the call of the party, he was sent to study at the Central School of the NKVD of the USSR. Since 1935 - in the central office (GUGB) of the NKVD of the USSR, assistant to the detective officer.

Since 1935, he lived with his family in the village. Nemchinovka. Since December 1937, he lived in Moscow.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, on July 8, 1941, he accompanied his wife and 3 children to the evacuation to Prokopyevsk (Kemerovo region). On July 19, 1941, having received a special assignment from the command, V.A. Molodtsov arrived in Odessa to organize partisan formations and to lead sabotage and reconnaissance work behind enemy lines under the pseudonym Pavel Badaev (operational name “Kir”). Directly led detachments in the Odessa catacombs and in the city. On October 16-18, 1941, the first partisan attacks were carried out on the Romanian troops that invaded Odessa. Until the beginning of 1942, despite the extremely difficult conditions of staying in the catacombs, a detachment of partisans repeatedly destroyed wire communication lines and railway tracks, committed sabotage in the seaport, blew up the dam of the Khadzhibey estuary, destroyed enemy personnel and equipment, mined roads, and extracted valuable intelligence information for rates. Soviet aviation more than once carried out precise bombing strikes, the coordinates for which the commander transmitted to the “Center”. A detachment of 75-80 people, based in the catacombs, diverted significant forces of the SS troops and field gendarmerie numbering up to 16,000 people. Romanian and German security services blew up, mined and concreted exits, released poisonous gases into mines, poisoned water in wells, left ambushes, etc., but the detachment acted.

On February 9, 1942, as a result of the betrayal of one of the members of the detachment, the commander of the unit Molodtsov V.A., his contacts T. Mezhigurskaya and T. Shestakova, as well as Yasha Gordienko were arrested at a safe house in the city. In the Siguran prison, the commander and partisans bravely endured savage torture, but did not hand over anyone.

May 29, 1942 - Molodtsov spoke for the first time only after the death sentence was announced - when asked to submit a request for clemency, he replied: “We do not ask for clemency from our enemies on our land!”

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 5, 1944, for the heroic feat shown while performing special tasks behind enemy lines, state security captain Vladimir Aleksandrovich Molodtsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimir Alexandrovich was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, medals “For the Defense of Odessa” and “Partisan of the Patriotic War” 1st degree.

The memory of the Hero is immortalized in many cities of Russia and Ukraine. A street is named after him, which runs in the Northern and Southern Medvedkovo districts in the North-Eastern administrative district of Moscow. In the Northern Medvedkovo district, a memorial plaque named after V.A. was unveiled in 2010. Molodtsov secondary school No. 285 was named.

Fedor Mikhailovich Orlov

Soviet military leader, colonel. Fyodor Mikhailovich was born in the village of Teterovka, Grodno province (now the Grodno region of Belarus) in 1878. From 1899 to 1905 he served as a private in the Guards Uhlan Regiment and took part in the Russo-Japanese War. After graduating from the training team, he became a non-commissioned officer and took part in the First World War. After the October Revolution of 1917 in the Red Army. Was sent to North Caucasus for the organization of Red Guard and partisan detachments. In the spring of 1918 he was appointed commissar of the Kuban army. For military distinctions and exploits, he was repeatedly awarded with valuable gifts, including a gold personalized cigarette case. In 1920, Fyodor Mikhailovich Orlov was awarded the first Order of the Red Banner. He was an associate of M.V. Frunze in battles against Wrangel. In December 1920, he was appointed deputy commander of the troops of Ukraine and Crimea. In 1920-1921 Commander of the Kharkov Military District. From 1924 to 1931, due to health reasons (during the Civil War, Orlov received 24 wounds and concussions), he was in the reserve of the Red Army. In 1931, he was appointed deputy head of the special department of military-technical propaganda of the Red Army. In 1935 he suffered a stroke, and in 1938 due to illness he was discharged from the Red Army. From 1938 to 1941 deputy Head of the 7th Department of Plant No. 1 of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. In July 1941, Fyodor Mikhailovich came to the mobilization point of the people's militia, but was refused; he was already 63 years old. But after urgent requests, he was enrolled in the militia. Later he commanded a company, a reconnaissance battalion of the 6th People's Militia Division. He took part in the battles near Yelnya, received two wounds and a shell shock, but remained in the ranks and led the remnants of the 6th Moscow People's Militia Division out of encirclement. At the end of September 1941, he was appointed commander of the 160th Infantry Division, reorganized from the 6th Moscow People's Militia Division of the Dzerzhinsky District. January 29, 1942, in the area settlement Gridenki, Kaluga Region, Orlov received his twenty-fifth wound as a result of a German air raid. But already in August 1942 he returned to the troops again and only in 1946 was he discharged from military service with the rank of colonel. Fyodor Vasilyevich Orlov was awarded the Order of Lenin and three Orders of the Red Banner. A street in the Marfino district of the North-Eastern Administrative District is named in honor of Divisional Commander Orlov.

Evgenia Maksimovna Rudneva

Navigator of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, Guard Senior Lieutenant. Hero of the Soviet Union.

She was born on December 24, 1920 in the city of Berdyansk, now the Zaporozhye region of Ukraine. She lived in the village of Saltykovka, Moscow region, in the city of Babushkin. In 1938, Zhenya graduated from high school with an honors certificate and became a student at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics at Moscow State University. Thanks to her extraordinary hard work and inquisitiveness, Zhenya quickly became one of the best students of the course at the university. In the same year, she began working at the All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Society (VAGO) in the solar department, and the very next year she was elected head of this department. At the same time, she worked in the Variable Stars Department, with enthusiasm, often conducting observations all night long at the Observatory on Presnya. In 1939, the first scientific article by E. Rudneva was published in VAGO Bulletin No. 3: “ Biological observations during the Solar Eclipse of June 19, 1936." When the Great Patriotic War began, Zhenya took the spring exam session, finishing her third year. Passionately in love with her specialty, with the distant undying stars, a student who was predicted to have a great future, she firmly decided that she would not study until the war was over, that her path lay at the front. In the Red Army - from October 1941, graduated from navigator school. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War - from May 1942, she was a crew navigator. Navigator of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front) Guard Senior Lieutenant E.M. Rudneva made 645 night combat sorties to destroy enemy crossings, railway trains, manpower and equipment. She fought on the Transcaucasian, North Caucasian, and 4th Ukrainian fronts. She took part in battles in the North Caucasus, Taman and Kerch peninsulas. The brave pilot died a heroic death on the night of April 9, 1944 while flying, together with P.M. Prokopyeva, a combat mission north of the city of Kerch, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Buried in the hero city of Kerch on Voinsky memorial cemetery. Even before her death, she was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders of the Guard, senior lieutenant Evgenia Maksimovna Rudneva was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Patriotic War 1st degree, the Red Star, as well as medals. A street in the Babushkinsky district of the North-Eastern district of the capital was named in honor of Evgenia Rudneva, and a monument was erected.

Andrey Mikhailovich Serebryakov

Soviet tank officer, participant in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born on October 29, 1913 in the city of Ryazhsk, now Ryazan region. In the Red Army since 1939. He graduated from tank driver mechanic courses. Participant in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-40. Senior tank mechanic-driver of the 232nd separate reconnaissance tank battalion (39th separate light tank brigade, 13th Army, North-Western Front), company Komsomol organizer, junior commander Andrei Serebryakov, distinguished himself in battles in the Vyborg direction. On February 12, 1940, in the battle for the city of Kyurela, the tanker drove the combat vehicle into the attack eight times, suppressing firing points and destroying enemy personnel. By their actions, the tank crew created favorable conditions for the assault of the rifle unit. On February 28, 1940, during a reconnaissance raid deep into enemy defenses in the area of ​​Lake Heikurila, Andrei Serebryakov established the location of eight pillboxes. The tank was hit, but the crew continued to fight until dark. At night, the tankers repaired the damage and returned to their unit. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 7, 1940, “for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Finnish White Guard and the courage and heroism shown,” junior commander Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal "(No. 295). After the end of hostilities, the tanker lived in Moscow in 1940 and worked in state security agencies.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War since 1942. The commander of the tank company named after Felix Dzerzhinsky of the 475th separate heavy tank battalion (the KV tanks of which were manufactured in May 1942 at the expense of the workers of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow), junior lieutenant of state security Serebryakov A.M. died a heroic death in battle on July 27, 1942 during the defense of the city of Voronezh. He was buried in mass grave No. 13 (Voronezh city park). Andrei Mikhailovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (February 16, 1943, posthumously), and medals.

A passage in the Sviblovo area of ​​the North-Eastern Administrative District bears the name of Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov.

During the Great Patriotic War, heroism was the norm of behavior of Soviet people; the war revealed perseverance and courage Soviet man. Thousands of soldiers and officers sacrificed their lives in the battles of Moscow, Kursk and Stalingrad, in the defense of Leningrad and Sevastopol, in the North Caucasus and the Dnieper, during the storming of Berlin and in other battles - and immortalized their names. Women and children fought alongside men. Home front workers played a big role. People who worked, exhausting themselves, to provide the soldiers with food, clothing and, at the same time, a bayonet and a shell.
We will talk about those who gave their lives, strength and savings for the sake of Victory. These are the great people of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

Doctors are heroes. Zinaida Samsonova

During the war, more than two hundred thousand doctors and half a million paramedical personnel worked at the front and in the rear. And half of them were women.
The working day of doctors and nurses in medical battalions and front-line hospitals often lasted several days. During sleepless nights, medical workers stood relentlessly near the operating tables, and some of them pulled the dead and wounded out of the battlefield on their backs. Among the doctors there were many of their “sailors” who, saving the wounded, covered them with their bodies from bullets and shell fragments.
Without sparing, as they say, their belly, they raised the spirit of the soldiers, raised the wounded from their hospital beds and sent them back into battle to defend their country, their homeland, their people, their home from the enemy. Among the large army of doctors, I would like to mention the name of Hero of the Soviet Union Zinaida Aleksandrovna Samsonova, who went to the front when she was only seventeen years old. Zinaida, or, as her fellow soldiers sweetly called her, Zinochka, was born in the village of Bobkovo, Yegoryevsky district, Moscow region.
Just before the war, she entered the Yegoryevsk Medical School to study. When the enemy entered her native land and the country was in danger, Zina decided that she must definitely go to the front. And she rushed there.
She has been in the active army since 1942 and immediately finds herself on the front line. Zina was a sanitary instructor for a rifle battalion. The soldiers loved her for her smile, for her selfless assistance to the wounded. With her fighters, Zina went through the most terrible battles, this is the Battle of Stalingrad. She fought on the Voronezh Front and on other fronts.

Zinaida Samsonova

In the fall of 1943, she participated in the landing operation to capture a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper near the village of Sushki, Kanevsky district, now Cherkasy region. Here she, together with her fellow soldiers, managed to capture this bridgehead.
Zina carried more than thirty wounded from the battlefield and transported them to the other side of the Dnieper. There were legends about this fragile nineteen-year-old girl. Zinochka was distinguished by her courage and bravery.
When the commander died near the village of Kholm in 1944, Zina, without hesitation, took command of the battle and raised the soldiers to attack. In this battle, the last time her fellow soldiers heard her amazing, slightly hoarse voice: “Eagles, follow me!”
Zinochka Samsonova died in this battle on January 27, 1944 for the village of Kholm in Belarus. She was buried in a mass grave in Ozarichi, Kalinkovsky district, Gomel region.
For her perseverance, courage and bravery, Zinaida Aleksandrovna Samsonova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The school where Zina Samsonova once studied was named after her.

A special period of activity for Soviet foreign intelligence officers was associated with the Great Patriotic War. Already at the end of June 1941, the newly created State Defense Committee of the USSR considered the issue of foreign intelligence work and clarified its tasks. They were subordinated to one goal - the speedy defeat of the enemy. For exemplary performance of special tasks behind enemy lines, nine career foreign intelligence officers were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. This is S.A. Vaupshasov, I.D. Kudrya, N.I. Kuznetsov, V.A. Lyagin, D.N. Medvedev, V.A. Molodtsov, K.P. Orlovsky, N.A. Prokopyuk, A.M. Rabtsevich. Here we will talk about one of the scout-heroes - Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov.

From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was enrolled in the fourth directorate of the NKVD, whose main task was to organize reconnaissance and sabotage activities behind enemy lines. After numerous trainings and studying the morals and life of the Germans in a prisoner of war camp, under the name of Paul Wilhelm Siebert, Nikolai Kuznetsov was sent behind enemy lines along the line of terror. At first, the special agent conducted his secret activities in the Ukrainian city of Rivne, where the Reich Commissariat of Ukraine was located. Kuznetsov communicated closely with enemy intelligence officers and the Wehrmacht, as well as local officials. All information obtained was transferred to the partisan detachment. One of the remarkable exploits of the USSR secret agent was the capture of the Reichskommissariat courier, Major Gahan, who was carrying a secret map in his briefcase. After interrogating Gahan and studying the map, it turned out that a bunker for Hitler was built eight kilometers from the Ukrainian Vinnitsa.
In November 1943, Kuznetsov managed to organize the kidnapping of German Major General M. Ilgen, who was sent to Rivne to destroy partisan formations.
The last operation of intelligence officer Siebert in this post was the liquidation in November 1943 of the head of the legal department of the Reichskommissariat of Ukraine, Oberführer Alfred Funk. After interrogating Funk, the brilliant intelligence officer managed to obtain information about the preparations for the assassination of the heads of the “Big Three” of the Tehran Conference, as well as information about the enemy’s offensive on the Kursk Bulge. In January 1944, Kuznetsov was ordered to go to Lviv along with the retreating fascist troops to continue his sabotage activities. Scouts Jan Kaminsky and Ivan Belov were sent to help Agent Siebert. Under the leadership of Nikolai Kuznetsov, several occupiers were destroyed in Lviv, for example, the head of the government chancellery Heinrich Schneider and Otto Bauer.

From the first days of the occupation, boys and girls began to act decisively, and a secret organization “Young Avengers” was created. The guys fought against the fascist occupiers. They blew up a water pumping station, which delayed the sending of ten fascist trains to the front. While distracting the enemy, the Avengers destroyed bridges and highways, blew up a local power plant, and burned down a factory. Having obtained information about the actions of the Germans, they immediately passed it on to the partisans.
Zina Portnova was assigned more and more difficult tasks. According to one of them, the girl managed to get a job in a German canteen. After working there for a while, she carried out an effective operation - she poisoned the food for German soldiers. More than 100 fascists suffered from her lunch. The Germans began to blame Zina. Wanting to prove her innocence, the girl tried the poisoned soup and only miraculously survived.

Zina Portnova

In 1943, traitors appeared who revealed secret information and handed our guys over to the Nazis. Many were arrested and shot. Then the command of the partisan detachment instructed Portnova to establish contact with those who survived. The Nazis captured the young partisan when she was returning from a mission. Zina was terribly tortured. But the answer to the enemy was only her silence, contempt and hatred. The interrogations did not stop.
“The Gestapo man came to the window. And Zina, rushing to the table, grabbed the pistol. Apparently catching the rustle, the officer turned around impulsively, but the weapon was already in her hand. She pulled the trigger. For some reason I didn’t hear the shot. I just saw how the German, clutching his chest with his hands, fell to the floor, and the second one, sitting at the side table, jumped up from his chair and hastily unfastened the holster of his revolver. She pointed the gun at him too. Again, almost without aiming, she pulled the trigger. Rushing to the exit, Zina pulled the door open and jumped out next room and from there to the porch. There she shot at the sentry almost point-blank. Running out of the commandant’s office building, Portnova rushed like a whirlwind down the path.
“If only I could run to the river,” the girl thought. But from behind there was the sound of a chase... “Why don’t they shoot?” The surface of the water already seemed very close. And beyond the river the forest turned black. She heard the sound of machine gun fire and something spiky pierced her leg. Zina fell on the river sand. She still had enough strength to rise slightly and shoot... She saved the last bullet for herself.
When the Germans got very close, she decided it was all over and pointed the gun at her chest and pulled the trigger. But there was no shot: it misfired. The fascist knocked the pistol out of her weakening hands.”
Zina was sent to prison. The Germans brutally tortured the girl for more than a month; they wanted her to betray her comrades. But having taken an oath of allegiance to the Motherland, Zina kept it.
On the morning of January 13, 1944, a gray-haired and blind girl was taken out to be executed. She walked, stumbling with her bare feet in the snow.
The girl withstood all the torture. She truly loved our Motherland and died for it, firmly believing in our victory.
Zinaida Portnova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Soviet people, realizing that the front needed their help, made every effort. Engineering geniuses simplified and improved production. Women who had recently sent their husbands, brothers and sons to the front took their place at the machine, mastering professions unfamiliar to them. “Everything for the front, everything for victory!” Children, old people and women gave all their strength, gave themselves for the sake of victory.

This is how the collective farmers’ call sounded in one of the regional newspapers: “... we must give the army and the working people more bread, meat, milk, vegetables and agricultural raw materials for industry. We, the state farm workers, must hand this over, together with the collective farm peasantry.” Only from these lines can one judge how obsessed the home front workers were with thoughts of victory, and what sacrifices they were willing to make to bring this long-awaited day closer. Even when they received a funeral, they did not stop working, knowing that this was the best way to take revenge on the hated fascists for the death of their family and friends.

On December 15, 1942, Ferapont Golovaty gave all his savings - 100 thousand rubles - to purchase an aircraft for the Red Army, and asked to transfer the aircraft to the pilot Stalingrad Front. In a letter addressed to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, he wrote that, having escorted his two sons to the front, he himself wanted to contribute to the cause of victory. Stalin responded: “Thank you, Ferapont Petrovich, for your concern for the Red Army and its Air Force. The Red Army will not forget that you gave all your savings to build a combat aircraft. Please accept my greetings." The initiative was given serious attention. The decision about who exactly would get the plane was made by the Military Council of the Stalingrad Front. The combat vehicle was awarded to one of the best - the commander of the 31st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Major Boris Nikolaevich Eremin. The fact that Eremin and Golovaty were fellow countrymen also played a role.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved through superhuman efforts of both front-line soldiers and home front workers. And we need to remember this. Today's generation should not forget their feat.

Prominent figures of the Patriotic War of 1812

His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov of Smolensk.

Commander-in-Chief of all armies during the Patriotic War (appointed on the 8th arrived to the armies on August 17), general of the infantry, 67 years old, during the Patriotic War he was promoted to field marshal general and awarded the title of Smolensk. His previous career was extremely varied. A lot of military service, first under the command of Rumyantsev, then Suvorov: then independent command of large detachments and armies in the wars with the Turks and in the war of 1805 with Napoleon. Before his appointment as commander-in-chief during the Patriotic War, he already enjoyed wide popularity in society and among the troops. In battles he was wounded twice. In 1774, a bullet hit the temple and exited near the right eye, the eye was lost forever. In 1778, during the siege of Ochakov, an enemy bullet hit the cheek and exited the back of the head. For the storming of Izmail in 1790 he received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree, and was promoted to lieutenant general (currently, lieutenant general), and the following year, for the case under Machin, he was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. In 1798 he was promoted to infantry general and appointed inspector of troops in Finland. In 1801 he was appointed Lithuanian military governor, in 1802 - military governor of St. Petersburg, but then soon retired and remained in it until 1805, when he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army, sent to help Austria in the war with Napoleon.

For Borodino, Kutuzov was promoted to field marshal general and received 100,000 rubles, for Tarutino - a golden sword with diamonds and laurel wreaths, for the victory at Krasnoye and in general in the Smolensk province - the title of "Smolensky", for the final result of the Patriotic War - the Order of St. George 1st degree. On April 6, upon arrival in Bunzlau (in Prussian Silesia), he could not continue with the army and remained here, and on April 16, 1813 he died. The memory of Kutuzov in the army was immortalized by assigning his name to two regiments, which were called as such: the 2nd Pskov Infantry General Field Marshal Prince Kutuzov-Smolensky Regiment and the 13th Don Cossack General Field Marshal Prince Kutuzov-Smolensky Regiment.

M.B. Barclay de Tolly.

Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Western Army, General of Infantry. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly, 52 years old. In the wars of 1813-1815. promoted to field marshal general and received princely dignity. Participated in Catherine's wars with the Turks, Swedes and Poles. During the Polish War of 1794 he received the Order of St. George, 4th degree. He took part in the war with Napoleon of 1806-1807, received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree, and St. Vladimir, 2nd degree, and the rank of lieutenant general, and was seriously wounded. Participated in the war with Sweden in 1808-1809. Commanding a separate corps, in 1809 he made the famous winter crossing across the Gulf of Bothnia (via Kvarken) and occupied the Swedish city of Umeå. Then he was promoted to infantry general and appointed Finnish governor-general. In January 1810 he was appointed Minister of War, and in 1812 - Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Western Army, retaining the post of Minister of War. For Borodino, Barclay de Tolly received the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. In September 1812 he left the army. From the Tarutino camp he went to his estate and no longer took part in the Patriotic War. After World War II, Barclay took part in the wars of 1813 and 1814, commanding first the 3rd Russian and then the Russian-Prussian armies. Received the Order of St. George, 1st degree, first count, and then princely dignity and field marshal's baton. He died in 1818 and was buried on his estate in Livonia.

Prince P.I. Bagration

Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration - Commander-in-Chief of the 2nd Western Army, infantry general, 47 years old, with a brilliant previous military career. Almost from the day he was promoted to officer, he took part in every skirmish against the Chechens (1783, 1784, 1786 and 1790), and was seriously wounded in one of the battles. Under the command of Suvorov, he participated in the siege and capture of Ochakov (1788) and in 1794 in the war with Poland. In 1799, with the rank of major general (34 years old), he participated in Suvorov’s Italian and Swiss campaigns. He provided invaluable services to our army in the war with Napoleon in the Austrian theater in 1805.

The War of 1805 gave him the rank of lieutenant general (40 years old) and the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. Then he participated in the wars: 1806-1807. (with Napoleon) and 1808-1809. (with Sweden). In 1809, he was appointed commander-in-chief of our army in the war with Turkey and marked his activity with the capture of Machin, Girsov, Brailov and Izmail and the defeat of Seraksir and Rassevat, but the siege of Silistri was not successful. In 1810, he handed over command of the army to Count Kamensky and received the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. During the Patriotic War, with the rank of infantry general (47 years old), he was appointed commander-in-chief of the 2nd Western Army. In the Battle of Borodino, Bagration showed his rare qualities and stubbornly defended the section of the position entrusted to him. Having been wounded in the Battle of Borodino (by a grenade shrapnel in the leg with damage to the bone), he was forced to leave the army and went to his estate, in the Vladimir province, where he died and was buried a little over two weeks later. For the Battle of Borodino he was awarded 50,000 rubles with the most merciful rescript from the sovereign.

Count M.I. Platov

Matvey Ivanovich Platov, ataman of the Don Cossacks, entered service at the age of 13, and at the age of 20 he already commanded a Cossack regiment in the Turkish War (1774). Before World War II he was already an ataman Don Cossacks, general of the cavalry and had the Order of St. George of the 3rd and 2nd degrees. During World War II he commanded all Cossack troops. The first brilliant deed of Platov’s Cossacks was near Mir on June 27 and 28, 1812. His especially outstanding activity began during the pursuit of Napoleon’s army during its retreat from Maloyaroslavets to Smolensk and further to the Berezina, then to the Neman. Platov inflicted a particularly severe defeat on the enemy in the Smolensk province (on the Vop River of the Viceroy's corps and at Dubrovna on the Dnieper River to the remnants of Ney's corps), for which he was elevated to the dignity of count. During the pursuit of the enemy by Platov's Cossacks during the Patriotic War, more than 18,000 people were wounded and killed and about 40,000 people were captured (including 10 generals and more than 1,000 officers), 15 banners and 364 guns. He also took part in subsequent wars with Napoleon. The name Platov gained immense popularity throughout Europe. He died in 1818. A monument was erected to him in Novocherkassk. His name was given to one Cossack regiment, which was called the 4th Don Cossack Regiment of Count Platov.

L.L. Bennigsen

Cavalry General Leonty Leontievich Bennigsen. By the beginning of World War II, his career was essentially over. He reached the highest rank (cavalry general), had the Order of St. George 2nd degree and St. Andrew the First-Called for Pultusk and Preussisch-Eylau in the war of 1806-1807, the glory of victory over Napoleon's troops in these battles, as well as at Gutstad and Heilsberg as commander-in-chief of our army in the war of 1806-1807, but ended it with a Friedian defeat. After that he was out of work and until the Patriotic War he lived on his estate near Vilna. From the arrival of the sovereign to the army in Vilna, in April 1812, he was attached to the Person of His Majesty. With the departure of the sovereign from the army, he remained at the main headquarters of the 1st Army. He was one of the ardent supporters of our armies going on the offensive, and in his letters to the sovereign he condemned Barclay. With the appointment of Kutuzov as commander-in-chief, he was appointed chief of his main staff. After the Battle of Borodino and the retreat of our army to Moscow, he especially stood for taking the battle to a position in front of Moscow. At his insistence, we attacked Murat from the Tarutino camp. Bennigsen was the instigator and chief organizer of this battle and was awarded diamond insignia for the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (he had already had the order before) and 100,000 rubles. After this battle, in a letter to the sovereign, he denounced and denigrated Kutuzov, hostile relations were established between the commander-in-chief and his chief of staff, and the sovereign allowed Kutuzov to remove Bennigsen from the army; Under the pretext of illness, the latter left. In the war of 1813 and 1814. commanded the army, was elevated to the dignity of count and received the Order of St. George, 1st degree. Died 1826

Count F.V. Rostopchin

Rostopchin - during the Patriotic War, the commander-in-chief in Moscow, or in the present day, the Moscow governor-general, 49 years old. Began service in the l-guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment during the reign of Catherine the Great. He gained the special love of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, the future Emperor Paul I, who, upon his accession to the throne, promoted Rostopchin to major general and appointed him adjutant general for reports on military affairs. Then he enjoyed the special favors of the emperor, receiving orders, gifts, rich estates: in 1799 he was elevated to the rank of count, then appointed chief director of the postal and telegraph department and a member of the State. council (37 years old). After the death of Emperor Paul I, he retired and lived in Moscow, devoting his leisure time to literature. Before the Patriotic War, namely in May 1812, he was promoted to infantry general and appointed commander-in-chief in Moscow. In this post, he sought to maintain a patriotic mood and hatred of the enemy who had invaded the fatherland among the population; For this purpose, he compiled, printed and distributed appeals, which were called “Rostopchinsky office”. After the enemy cleansed Moscow, Rostopchin returned there and, remaining its commander-in-chief for another two years, did a lot to revive it from the ashes and ruin. In 1814 he was dismissed from this position and appointed a member of the State. council, and in 1823, at his own request, he was dismissed from this position. Died 1826

Lieutenant General Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky

This is one of the most popular heroes of the Patriotic War. During this war, he commanded the 7th Infantry Corps, which was part of Bagration’s army, with whom he was connected by ties of friendship since their common participation in the war of 1806-1807. At the very beginning of the war, for the cause at Saltanovka (July 11), his name thundered and became popular in the army; in this case, through heroic self-sacrifice and the risk of losing his two sons, he gave the troops of his corps an example of valiant behavior when attacking the enemy.

When on August 2, Neverovsky’s detachment was attacked by superior enemy forces, and both our armies were located north of Smolensk, Raevsky flew from there to the rescue of Neverovsky, uniting with him on August 3 with superior enemy forces.

In the battle of Borodino he fought in the center of our position, defending the central redoubt, which received his name - “Raevsky’s battery.” This point, which we stubbornly held almost until the end of the Battle of Borodino. Then he took a glorious part in the battles of Maloyaroslavets and Krasny. Maloyaroslavets received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. During the war of 1814 he received the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. He died in 1839, a cavalry general and a member of the State Council.

Major General Paisiy Sergeevich Kaisarov

He was Kutuzov's adjutant during the war of 1805 with Napoleon and in the Turkish War of 1808-1812, and then during the same war - the ruler of the office of the commander-in-chief and secretary of the peace congress in Bucharest. During the Patriotic War he arrived with Kutuzov in the army with the rank of colonel and was appointed general on duty under him; was soon promoted to major general. He took part in the Battle of Borodino and in the military council in Fili. When the pursuit of Napoleon's army began after the battle of Maloyaroslavets, Kaisarov received command of the advanced units of Platov and caused a lot of harm to the enemy. After expelling the enemy from the borders of Russia, he returned to his former place under Kutuzov, where he remained until his death. In 1813 he received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. He achieved the position of corps commander and the rank of infantry general. Died 1833

General of Infantry Dmitry Sergeevich Dokhturov

One of the most energetic figures of the Patriotic War, despite his advanced years. His military reputation was firmly established in the previous wars with Napoleon in 1805 and 1806-1807. (he behaved especially heroically in the Battle of Austerlitz); for these wars he already had the Order of George 3rd degree and Alexander Nevsky. During World War II, he commanded the 6th Infantry Corps, which was part of the 1st Army. At the very beginning of the war, the enemy almost cut off this corps from the 1st Army, stretched along the border, but with reinforced marches (transitions of up to 60 versts) Dokhturov managed to connect with his army. His participation in the defense of the city of Smolensk on August 5 is glorious. The Emperor granted him 25,000 rubles for Smolensk. In the Battle of Borodino, Dokhturov commanded the center of the combat location, and after Bagration was out of action, he commanded the left wing and the 2nd Army. Dokhturov was the main leader of the battle at Maloyaroslavets. For this battle he received the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. He also took part in the wars of 1813 and 1814. Died 1816

Admiral P.V. Chichagov

Admiral Pavel Vasilievich Chichagov. Until 1812 he served in naval service, combat and administrative. He started it as an adjutant to his father, famous for his naval victories in the Baltic Sea, Admiral Vasily Yakovlevich Chichagov. P.V. Chichagov also had good combat practice, and in 1784 he earned the Order of St. George, 4th degree, and a golden sword “for bravery.” He was the main figure in the formation of the Navy Ministry, then he was appointed associate minister of the sea, and then the minister of the sea. In 1811 he was appointed to serve as a member of the Person of His Imperial Majesty, as a senator and member of the State. advice. At the beginning of 1812, when the sovereign was dissatisfied with the delay in negotiations between Kutuzov and the Turkish government on a peace treaty, Chichagov was sent to the Danube principalities to replace Kutuzov, but arrived only when the peace treaty with Turkey was concluded by Kutuzov. Nevertheless, Admiral Chichagov remained the commander-in-chief of our Danube Army (land army) and soon led it to Volyn to unite with Tormasov’s army. Upon joining, they formed one army, and Chichagov was entrusted with command over it. Soon the implementation of the plan to encircle Napoleon began. In pursuance of this plan, Chichagov led his army to the river. Berezina. This movement was carried out energetically: the city of Minsk was occupied, and then the Borisov crossing over the river, fortified by the enemy, was also occupied. Berezina. But when Napoleon approached the Berezina, Chichagov succumbed to Napoleon’s deception and, by misdirecting his army, gave him the opportunity to arrange on the river. Berezina a new crossing and transport your army across this river. However, Chichagov again led the further pursuit of the remnants of Napoleon’s army to Vilna and beyond very energetically. In 1813, due to illness, he went abroad and since that time has not returned to Russia. Died 1849

Count P.Kh. Wittgenstein

Count Pyotr Christianovich Wittgenstein, Lieutenant General.

He commanded the 1st separate corps and covered St. Petersburg on the routes from the river. Western Dvina. At a time when our armies were retreating and our society was strengthened by this course of the war, Wittgenstein defeated Oudinot’s French corps at Klyasttsy (July 18 and 19). This victory was a bright event against a gloomy background, and Wittgenstein became the hero of the day, the idol of society: poets sang his praises, the sovereign rewarded him. Although Wittgenstein failed in the battles of August 5 and 6, due to the enemy's superiority in numbers, in October he took Polotsk from the enemy, pushed the enemy troops beyond the river. Western Dvina and he himself went on the offensive. As a reward, he was promoted to cavalry general. In the Berezinsky operation he did not show much insight and energy. Subsequently, field marshal general and prince (princely dignity was granted by the Prussian king for the war of 1814) Died in 1842. One of the regiments of the Russian army bore his name, namely: the 4th Hussars of Mariupol, field marshal general Prince Wittgenstein.

A.P. Ermolov

Lieutenant General Alexey Petrovich Ermolov. He began the Patriotic War with the rank of major general and as commander of the Guards Infantry Division: on July 1 he was appointed chief of the main headquarters of the 1st Army. This is one of the most popular figures of the Patriotic War. Occupying the influential position of chief of the main staff of the 1st Army, he was not limited to a staff role, but took personal leadership in many battles. This was the case in the battle of Lubin on August 7, where he took over leadership of the battle from Tuchkov on the 3rd until the arrival of Barclay de Tolly. In the Battle of Borodino he has the honor of recapturing the Raevsky battery (large redoubt) that he had taken from the enemy. After the battles near Krasny (November 3-6), a special detachment was formed under his command, which crossed the Dnieper with great difficulty, united with Platov and followed on the heels of the enemy. Ermolov also participated in subsequent wars with Napoleon, and after that he was appointed to the Caucasus, commander of a separate corps. The history of the spread of our rule in the Caucasus is closely connected with his name; he stayed there from 1816 to 1827, during which he retired, but in 1839 he was appointed a member of the State. advice.

He died with the rank of artillery general in 1861. Two regiments of the Russian army bore the name of Ermolov: the 152nd Vladikavkaz Infantry Regiment of General Ermolov and the 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky Terek Cossack Army of General Ermolov Regiment, as well as one horse battery - the 2nd Horse General Ermolov's battery.

Count M.A. Miloradovich

General of Infantry Mikhail Andreevich Miloradovich. Before the Patriotic War he already had a brilliant military past. For 28 years, with the rank of major general, he participated in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov, who entrusted him with the most risky assignments. Then he took part in the war of 1805 against Napoleon in Kutuzov’s army and for his distinction he was promoted to lieutenant general and awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. After that, he took part in the war against the Turks and in 1809 was promoted to infantry general, being only 38 years old. At the beginning of the Patriotic War, he formed reserve troops in Kaluga and in mid-August brought them to Gzhatsk to reinforce our retreating armies. Then he took part in the Battle of Borodino, commanding the right wing. After that, he was the commander of the rearguard of our armies in the absence of Moscow and further during their transition from the Ryazan to the Kaluga road, and then the permanent commander of their vanguard during the pursuit of Napoleon to the Berezina. During the battle near Maloyaroslavets, he brought his troops to the battlefield with a forced march, making a transition of 50 versts. He defeated enemy troops in the battles of Vyazma and Krasnoye. He also took part in subsequent wars against Napoleon. He received the Order of St. George 2nd degree, Alexander Nevsky with diamonds and St. Andrew the First-Called, as well as a golden sword with diamonds and the dignity of a count. Killed on December 14, 1825 at the post of St. Petersburg governor general.

P.P. Konovnitsyn

Lieutenant General Pyotr Petrovich Konovnitsyn. During the Polish War of 1794 he already had the 4th degree of George. But in 1798 he was dismissed from service. In 1806 he was re-enlisted and took part in the war of 1806-1807. against Napoleon, and then in the Swedish War of 1808, in which his participation was especially glorious and he received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. He began the Patriotic War as the head of the 3rd Infantry Division, and took a prominent part in the battles of Ostrovno on July 13 (ahead of Vitebsk), Smolensk on August 5, Valutina Mountain on August 7, and Borodino (temporarily took command from the wounded Bagration). At the beginning of 1812, he was appointed general on duty under the commander-in-chief, Prince Kutuzov, and became his right hand regarding the structure of the army and the leadership of partisan actions. However, this did not deprive him of the opportunity to personally participate in battles; he took a particularly prominent part in the battle of Maloyaroslavets. For the war of 1812 he received the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. He also took part in subsequent wars against Napoleon, when he was appointed adjutant general, and at the end of 1815 - minister of war. In 1817 he was promoted to infantry general. He remained in the position of Minister of War until 1819, when he was appointed director of military educational institutions and the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, and was then elevated to the rank of count. Died 1822

F.P. Uvarov

Adjutant General, Lieutenant General Fedor Petrovich Uvarov. A young cavalry general with the Order of St. George, 2nd degree (received in 1810 in the war against Turkey). While still in the rank of major general, he was granted adjutant general by Emperor Paul. During World War II, he commanded the 1st Reserve Cavalry Corps, which was part of the 1st Army. He took a particularly prominent part in the Battle of Borodino. He also took part in the subsequent Napoleonic wars, when he was promoted to cavalry general and awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st degree. After these wars, he was one of the favorite adjutant generals of Emperor Alexander I. In 1821, he was appointed commander of a separate guards corps. Died 1824

Count V.V. Orlov-Denisov

Adjutant General, Lieutenant General Count Vasily Vasilyevich Orlov-Denisov. Participated in the wars against Napoleon 1806-1807. and earned the Order of St. George, 4th degree, and then in the Swedish War of 1808. In the Patriotic War, he took a prominent part in the battles of Valutin (August 7) ​​and especially Tarutino (October 6), in which he captured 38 enemy guns, a standard and 1,500 prisoners, for which he was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. He took part in the wars of 1813 and 1814, becoming famous for the famous attack of the Life Cossacks on the flank of Murat's numerous cavalry in the Battle of Leipzig (October 4, 1813). He died in 1844 with the rank of cavalry general. His name was given to one regiment of the Russian army, which is called the 9th Don Cossack Regiment of Adjutant General Count Orlov-Denisov. His ashes were transported to Novocherkassk in 1911.

Count A.P. Ozharovsky

Adjutant General Adam Petrovich Ozharovsky. During the pursuit of Napoleon's army from Maloyaroslavets, Ozharovsky commanded one of the advanced flying detachments. His actions were distinguished by energy and courage. Caused a lot of harm to the enemy. He died in 1855 as a member of the State Council.

I.S. Dorokhov

Major General Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov. He took part in the Turkish and Polish wars of Catherine's time, showed special distinction in the war with the Poles in 1794, and received two ranks for military distinction. In the war of 1806-1807. received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. At the beginning of World War II he commanded a brigade. Being part of the 1st Army, he found himself at the very beginning of the war cut off from it and almost surrounded by the enemy, but managed to get out (with dexterity and determination), joined the 2nd Army and then covered its retreat from the north. He took part in the Smolensk battles, was wounded on August 7, but remained in service. For the Battle of Borodino he was promoted to lieutenant general. Dorokhov’s especially prominent and glorious activity began after the enemy occupied Moscow; it consisted of bold raids by large detachments against enemy communications. The first such raid was made to the village. Perkhushkova on the Smolensk road and was crowned with a brilliant result. This was on the tenth day of September, and in the last days of the same month Dorokhov raided a fortified enemy point near Smolensk road, namely to the city of Vereya. The enemy surrounded this city with a high earthen rampart with a palisade and occupied it with an entire battalion, with the goal of making it a stronghold in the fight against attacks by our partisans on their communications. On September 29, at dawn, Dorokhov appeared in front of Vereya completely unexpectedly and without firing a shot led his soldiers on an attack. The garrison, taken by surprise, rushed to arms even when our soldiers burst into the city, but defended itself stubbornly, part of it was killed, and others laid down their weapons. Dorokhov captured 15 officers (with the battalion commander) and more than 350 lower ranks with the banner . Having distributed 500 captured rifles to the residents, Dorokhov left for another point indicated to him by the commander-in-chief. For this deed, he was awarded a saber with diamonds and the inscription: “For the liberation of Vereya.” In the battle of Maloyaroslavets, Dorokhov was seriously wounded and forced to leave the army. After that he was ill for more than two years and died in 1815. Feeling the approach of death, he wrote a will in which he addressed the residents of Vereya with the following words: “If you have heard about General Dorokhov, who liberated your city from the French, then I expect from you for this reward, to give me three arshins of land for eternal my peace at the church where I took the enemy’s fortifications by storm.” His wish was fulfilled, and he was buried in the city of Vereya.

D.V. Davydov 2nd

Lieutenant Colonel Denis Vasilievich Davydov. Famous partisan of the Patriotic War, initiator of the use of partisan actions in it. Before the Patriotic War, he already had a good combat school, which he passed under the command of two glorious warriors - Bagration and Kulnev. He was the former's adjutant during the war of 1806-1807. against Napoleon, and then into the Turkish War. Together with Kulnev, he took part in the Swedish War of 1808-1809. and, in the words of Davydov himself, “in the instructive school of this vigilant and brave warrior, he completed the outpost service course and learned the value of Spartan life, necessary for anyone who decided to serve and not play with service.” Thus, Lieutenant Colonel Davydov of the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment, shortly before the Battle of Borodino, proposed a partisan method of action. Having opened partisan operations after the Battle of Borodino, Davydov led them throughout the entire Patriotic War. The largest of his affairs: the capture of the Augereau brigade over Lyakhov (together with the partisans Seslavin and Figner and the cavalry of Count Orlov-Denisov), the occupation of Grodno. He participated with glory in our subsequent skirmishes with Napoleon’s troops, which he ended up becoming a major general.

Subsequently he participated in the Caucasian Wars and the Polish War of 1830-1831. He was promoted to lieutenant general and retired. In 1838, he raised the issue of transferring Bagration’s ashes to the Borodino field and was appointed to accompany its transportation, but a few months before, in April 1839, he died. D.V. Davydov was not only a glorious warrior, but also a poet, his poems, of which there are many, are original. The originality of his poetic work was recognized by A.S. Pushkin, who said that he was D.V. I owe it to Davydov that he did not succumb to imitation of Zhukovsky, but went on his own, since Davydov with his creativity made him feel that it was possible to be original. In addition to poetry, Davydov left several military works, the largest of his military literary works being “The Experience and Theory of Guerrilla Actions.”

A.N. Seslavin

Captain Alexander Nikitich Seslavin. One of the glorious partisans of the Patriotic War and subsequent Napoleonic Wars. Before that, he participated in the wars of 1805 and 1806-1807, was wounded and earned a golden weapon with the inscription “For bravery.” Then he took part in the Turkish War and was wounded again. During the Patriotic War, he was first an adjutant to the commander-in-chief of the 1st Army, Barclay de Tolly, and received the 4th degree St. George for the Battle of Borodino. With the opening of partisan operations, he became one of the most famous partisans.

A particularly important case in terms of its results was the timely opening of the movement of Napoleon’s army to Maloyaroslavets. When Napoleon left Moscow with his army, Seslavin scoured the Kaluga road with his partisans. Having tracked the movement of large enemy forces, he near the village. Fominsky climbed a tree and, unnoticed, watched the passage of Napoleon’s army, and saw Napoleon himself, passing in a carriage. Having let them through, he captured several prisoners from among the stragglers and learned from them that the entire enemy army was heading through Maloyaroslavets to Kaluga. With this news, he immediately galloped to Tarutino with a report to the commander-in-chief, but on the way he met Dokhturov’s corps, moving towards Fominsky, and reported to him about what he had seen. This report prompted Dokhturov (on the advice of Ermolov) to turn the corps towards Maloyaroslavets and block the enemy’s path to Kaluga there, which was done and was of great importance for the further course of the war. When pursuing Napoleon's army from Maloyaroslavets to Smolensk and further to the Berezina, and then to the Neman, Seslavin's detachment of partisans relentlessly hung on the enemy's flank, at times overtaking him, delivering valuable information to the commander-in-chief, liberating cities located aside from the path of our army from enemy forces. garrisons, established contact with the separately operating army of Wittgenstein and the army of Chichagov and others.

On October 28, Seslavin, together with the partisans Davydov and Figner, with the assistance of the cavalry of Count Orlov-Denisov, forced the enemy Augereau brigade at Lyakhov to lay down their weapons. For this case he was promoted to colonel. During the occupation of Vilna, he burst into it on the shoulders of enemy cavalry, and was wounded. He showed the same activity in the wars of 1813-1814. and was promoted to major general. After the Napoleonic Wars, covered with nine wounds, he left the service. Died 1858

A.S. Figner

Captain Alexander Samoilovich Figner is a famous partisan of the Patriotic War, about whose activities there are many stories of an almost legendary nature. Before the Patriotic War, he already had the Order of St. George, 4th degree, for delivering important information through a very bold reconnaissance of the Turkish fortress of Rushchuk in the war of 1810. He began the Patriotic War as an officer in the 2nd artillery brigade and participated with honors in the battle on August 7 (at Lubin), in which with its own battery located across the river. Stroganyu, held back the French onslaught on our left wing and repelled the enemy infantry attack on this battery. With the opening of partisan actions, Figner became one of the most daring, to the point of insolence, partisans. He decided and knew how, while changing clothes, to penetrate the enemy’s location, enter into conversations with officers of the enemy army, listen to their conversations and thus obtain a lot of important information. This course of action was made easier for him by his knowledge of many foreign languages. Together with Davydov and Seslavin and the cavalry of Count Orlov-Denisov, at Lyakhov on November 28, he forced the enemy brigade of General Augereau to lay down their arms. Continuing his activities in 1813, Figner laid down his head in Germany, already being a colonel and an aide-de-camp, having received both for distinction. Surrounded by enemy cavalry with his small partisan detachment, he rushed into the Elbe River (near Dessau in Saxony), but, struck by a bullet, drowned.

This text is an introductory fragment.

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Bagramyan I. X.(1897-1982) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Civil War he fought on the Caucasian Front, where in 1920 he joined the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts, commander of the army and front. After the war - Deputy Minister of Defense - Chief of Logistics.

Blucher V.K.(1890-1938) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union. From March 1918 he commanded the Eastern detachment in the fight against Dutovism. Commanded a number of army groups. In 1920-1922 - Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic. The first holder of the Order of the Red Banner. After the Civil War - at senior command posts in the army. In 1929-1938 - Commander of the Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army. In 1938 he was arrested and executed.

Budyonny S. M.(1883-1973) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Three times Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1919-1923 - Commander of the 1st Cavalry Army. Later - in command positions in the Red Army, deputy and 1st deputy people's commissar of defense. In 1941-1942. commanded troops on a number of fronts and directions, then the cavalry of the Red Army.

Vasilevsky A. M.(1895-1977) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Since May 1942 - Chief of the General Staff and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense. In February 1945, he was appointed commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front and a member of the Supreme Command Headquarters. He led the assault on Koenigsberg. In August 1945, he commanded Soviet troops during the defeat of the Kwantung Army during the Manchurian offensive operation. After the war - in major military positions in the leadership of the armed forces.

Vatutin N. F. (1901-1944) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War - Chief of Staff of the North-Western Front, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Commander of the Voronezh, South-Western, 1st Ukrainian Fronts. Army General. Hero of the Soviet Union. Died from a serious wound in 1944.

Vatsetis I. I.(1873-1938) - Soviet military leader, participant in the First World War (colonel). One of the leaders of the suppression of the speech of the left Socialist Revolutionaries in July 1918. In September 1918 - July 1919 - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic. At the same time, in January-March 1919. - Commander of the Army of Soviet Latvia. Since August 1919 - at work in the RVSR. Since 1921 - teaching at the Military Academy of the Red Army, commander of the 2nd rank. Repressed.

Voronov N. N. (1899-1968) - Soviet military leader. Chief Marshal of Artillery. Head of the Main Directorate of Air Defense, Chief of Artillery of the Red Army. Carried out general management of the destruction of the enemy military group surrounded at Stalingrad. After the war, in senior positions in the Soviet Army.

Voroshilov K. E. (1881-1969) - party, military, statesman of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Participant in the Civil War in the South of Russia and Ukraine. Since 1924 - commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1925-1934. - People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1934-1940 - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a member of the State Defense Committee and a representative of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Headquarters on a number of fronts.

Gamarnik Ya. B. (1894-1937) - party and military leader. During the Civil War - at party work in the army. After the war - 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, head of the Political Directorate of the Red Army, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, deputy. People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Army Commissar 1st rank. Repressed.

Govorov L. A.(1897-1955) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union. In January 1920 he voluntarily joined the Red Army. After the war - in command positions. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the army, the Leningrad Front. Then - the Chief Military Inspector of the Armed Forces - Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces - Deputy. Minister of Defense of the USSR.

Gorshkov S. G.(1910-1988) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War - commander of the Azov military flotilla, the Danube military flotilla, and a squadron of the Black Sea Fleet. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Grechko A. A. (1903-1976) - Soviet military officer and statesman. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded a division, an army, and was deputy commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front. After the war - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR. From 1967 to 1976 - Minister of Defense of the USSR.

Egorov A. I.(1883-1939) - Soviet military leader. Participant of the First World War (Colonel). In 1918-1919 he commanded the 10th and 14th Armies. Later - Commander of the Southern and Southwestern Fronts. After the Civil War - Chief of the General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union: Shot with a group of military leaders on false charges.

Eremenko A. I. (1892-1970) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the army and troops on a number of fronts. Then he commanded military districts and was Inspector General of the Ministry of Defense. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Hero of the Soviet Union.

Zhukov G. K. (1896-1974) - the largest Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union, four times Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1939 - commanded the Soviet troops that defeated the Japanese at Khalkhin Gol. In January-July 1941 - Chief of the General Staff - Deputy. People's Commissar of Defense Since June 23 - member of the Supreme Command Headquarters. Since August 1942 - First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense and Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Directly participated in the development and implementation of the largest military operations of the war - Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kursk, Belarus, Berlin. On May 8, 1945, on behalf of the Soviet leadership, he accepted the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in Berlin. On June 24, he hosted the Victory Parade in Moscow. After the war he commanded a number of military districts. Later - Minister of Defense of the USSR. Since 1957 - retired.

Zakharov M. V. (1898-1972) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War he was chief of staff of a number of fronts. Later - head of the Academy of the General Staff, commander of military districts, chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR - first deputy minister of defense.

Isakov I. S. (1894-1967) - Soviet military leader. Since 1938 - Deputy, First Deputy People's Commissar of the USSR Navy, and in 1941-1943. - simultaneously the Chief of the Main Naval Staff of the Navy. Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. Hero of the Soviet Union.

Kamenev S. S.(1881-1936) - Soviet military leader. Participant in the First World War (Colonel). In 1918-1919 - Commander of the Eastern Front. In 1919-1924. - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic and member of the RVSR. Later - Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Deputy. Chairman of the RVSR.

Karbyshev D. M.(1880-1945) - military engineer. Lieutenant General. Participant in the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars (lieutenant colonel). Author of many works on fortification and military engineering. In 1941 he was captured and tortured in the fascist Mauthausen camp. Hero of the Soviet Union.

Konev I. S.(1897-1973) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Participant of the First World War (junior non-commissioned officer). In 1921-1922 - Commissar of the headquarters of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded armies and fronts. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, 1st Deputy Minister of Defense, Commander-in-Chief of the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries.

Malinovsky R. Y. (1898-1967) - Soviet statesman and military leader. Member of the First World War. Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the army and the front. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Minister of Defense of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Meretskov K. A.(1897-1968) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War he fought against the whites on the Eastern and Southern fronts. Before the Great Patriotic War, he was the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. During the war he commanded armies and fronts. After the war - Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Educational Institutions. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Mironov F. K. (1872-1921) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War he commanded the Lithuanian-Belarusian and 16th armies. In 1920 - commander of the 2nd Cavalry Army. After the war he was shot.

Moskalenko K. S.(1902-1985) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war he commanded a number of armies. After the war - in responsible command positions in the armed forces.

Rokossovsky K. K. (1896-1968) - Soviet military leader. Participant of the First World War (junior non-commissioned officer). He actively fought on the Eastern Front against Kolchak's troops. After the war - in command positions in the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a number of armies and fronts. He was one of the most popular military leaders who achieved the most significant successes in military operations. After the war - Minister of National Defense of Poland, in military positions in the Armed Forces of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Sokolovsky V. D. (1897-1968) - Soviet Military Leader. He fought during the Civil War mainly in staff positions. After graduation - in staff and command positions. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts and front commander. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, Chief of the General Staff. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Soviet Union.

Timoshenko S.K.(1895-1970) - Soviet military officer and statesman. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1940-1941 - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Then - commander-in-chief of the South-Western, Western directions, commander of the Western, South-Western fronts. Later he commanded troops on other fronts. After the war - in command positions in the Soviet Army.

Tolbukhin F.I.(1894-1949) - Soviet military leader. Participant in the First World War (staff captain). He fought in the Civil War in the Western and Northwestern directions. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts, commanded the armies of the Southern, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian fronts. Later - Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Group of Forces, Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Tukhachevsky M. N. (1893-1937) - Soviet military leader. Participant in the First World War (lieutenant). During the Civil War he commanded a number of armies and fronts. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the defeat of Kolchak. In 1921 he led the suppression of the Kronstadt and Tambov uprisings. In the post-war years - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Chairman of the RVSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union. One of the largest theorists of military affairs in the USSR. Convicted on false charges and executed in 1937.

Uborevich I. P. (1896-1937) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War he commanded the 9th, 13th and 14th armies. In 1921-1922 commanded the troops of the Siberian Military District, then was Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the NRADVR. Commander of the 1st rank. He was repressed in 1937 in a falsified “military case.”

Chernyakhovsky I. D. (1906-1945) - Soviet military leader. Army General, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a division, corps, and army. Western and 3rd Belorussian Fronts. Successfully carried out a number of military operations. He was mortally wounded near the town of Melzak in East Prussia and died on February 18, 1945.

Chuikov V.I.(1900-1982) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a number of armies, in particular the 62nd Army during the defense of Stalingrad. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Shaposhnikov B. M.(1882-1945) - military leader and military theorist. Participant in the First World War (Colonel). During the Civil War and after its end - on staff and military teaching work. Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War - Chief of the General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense.

Yakir I. E.(1896-1937) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War - on political and command work in the Red Army. After graduation - in high army positions. Commander of the 1st rank. Repressed with a group of military men in 1937.