The Constitution states: “Defense of the Fatherland is the duty and responsibility of a citizen of the Russian Federation.” Why is the defense of the Fatherland called both a duty and an obligation in the basic law of our country? Why do the words “duty” and “obligation” appear side by side in the Constitution?
Duty and Responsibility
Defense of the Fatherland is its defense in the event of an attack on it or its allies, a declaration of war or general mobilization. Defense of the Fatherland means protecting the independence of the country, its territory, population, material and spiritual values.
Defense of the Fatherland is not only a duty enshrined in law, but also the most important moral requirement, the patriotic duty of every citizen. Awareness of one's duty is manifested in a person's actions. “We all,” said the writer I. S. Turgenev (1818-1883), “have one anchor from which, unless you want to, you will never break free: a sense of duty.” People with a strong-willed, courageous character have a sense of duty to defend the Fatherland.
Journey into the past
On the evening of June 21, 1941, school graduations were held, boys and girls said goodbye to school. And on the morning of June 22, it became known that our country had been invaded by the troops of Nazi Germany.
Graduates dreamed of becoming engineers, doctors, teachers, but the war destroyed their plans. Entire classes of them went to military registration and enlistment offices, declaring their desire to voluntarily join the army. Not only young people, but also older people, those who were not obligated to serve in the army due to their age, sought to go to the front. Those unfit for military service were enlisted in the people's militia, which became the reserve of the active army.
In Moscow alone, in the first four days of the war, 170 thousand applications from volunteers were received to enlist in the militia. With Moscow under immediate threat, the militia, many of them poorly armed and trained, engaged the enemy. They fought heroically, the losses were enormous. After the war, when graduates of 1941 gathered for class reunions, in many classes only a few people remained alive.
Do you think you can today's youth repeat the feat of our ancestors?
Monument on Borodino Field
You already know about one of the fields of military glory - Kulikovo. Find out what events are associated with the Borodino field and Prokhorovsky field. Prepare a report about the monuments depicted in the photographs.
Our history demonstrates many examples when patriotism and a sense of duty forced millions of people to defend the Fatherland. History teaches: in order for victory over the enemy to be achieved without heavy losses, one must prepare in advance for the defense of the Motherland.
Monument on Prokhorovsky Field
The duty and obligation to defend the Motherland extends to every citizen of Russia. After all, you can participate in the defense of the Fatherland by working at a defense enterprise, working in a hospital, inventing new military equipment, or resisting the enemy in occupied territory.
In accordance with the Federal Law, military service is established for Russian citizens. It means the duty of citizens to perform military service in the Armed Forces and defend the Fatherland.
What is military service?
What does military duty for a citizen of the Russian Federation mean?
A citizen must register for military service in the year he turns 17 years old. He must be registered with the military at his place of residence at the military registration and enlistment office (military commissariat).
A citizen undergoes mandatory training for military service. What does it consist of?
In history lessons you will learn about wars of the distant and recent past, about military glory our ancestors, about the organization of the country’s defense from external threats. In the direction of the military registration and enlistment office you can get one or another military specialty. Many children, of their own free will, go to classes in applied military sports (shooting, parachuting, etc.).
Military training is also carried out in Suvorov, Nakhimov, military music schools, cadet corps. This educational institutions secondary (general) education with additional educational programs aimed at military training of minor citizens.
Citizens of the Russian Federation from 18 to 27 years of age who are or are required to be registered with the military are called up for military service.
Having received a summons from the military registration and enlistment office, the citizen is obliged to appear for a medical examination, a meeting of the draft commission to be sent to military unit for service. The term of conscription military service is 12 months.
Citizens who entered military service under a contract complete it within the period specified in the contract. A citizen who has reached the age of 18 and has expressed a desire to conclude a contract with the Ministry of Defense submits an application to the military commissariat where he is registered, or to a military unit. The contract stipulates the voluntariness of a citizen’s entry into military service and the terms of the contract, such as the performance of general contractual, official and special duties, as well as his rights, including receiving benefits, guarantees and compensation.
For military personnel, military uniforms and insignia are established.
A serviceman entering military service for the first time is sworn in in front of the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the banner of the military unit. He solemnly swears allegiance to his Fatherland - the Russian Federation, takes an oath to comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, strictly comply with the requirements of military regulations, orders of commanders and superiors, honorably fulfill military duty, courageously defend freedom, independence, the constitutional system of Russia, the people and the Fatherland.
After taking the Military Oath, a serviceman may be involved in combat missions, and weapons and military equipment may be assigned to him.
What are the general responsibilities of military personnel? Here are some of them:
- be faithful to the Military Oath, selflessly serve your people;
- cherish the honor and military glory of the defenders of our people, the honor military rank and military partnership;
- improve military skills, maintain weapons and military equipment in constant readiness for use, and take care of military property;
- be disciplined, vigilant, keep state and military secrets.
Military personnel occupying various positions perform job responsibilities(for example, the duties of an officer).
Those military personnel who are on combat duty, in uniform, are involved in the elimination of natural disasters, and also act in other emergency circumstances, perform special duties (for example, the duties of a sentry).
Prepare yourself for military duty
In order for Russia to adequately meet any threats, it is necessary to have troops capable of repelling any enemy, equipped with new types of weapons. We are creating mobile forces in which the air force and space forces play a decisive role. Rapid response units operate in modern ground forces, aviation, navy, airborne units.
Multiple launch rocket system "Smerch".
Parade in honor of the 65th anniversary of the Victory. 2010
In 2010 it was developed Government program weapons until 2020. It is planned to provide Armed forces using the latest means air defense troops, anti-tank systems, ballistic missiles, new multiple launch rocket systems, the latest systems communications. In the future - the rearmament of nuclear forces, aviation, and the construction of a new fleet.
Military service - service military equipment, campaigns and exercises are difficult and dangerous work. Only a physically developed, skillful, strong-willed person, who values his honor and is true to his word, successfully fulfills his tasks in the army and is highly valued.
Tank T-90S, named for its high maneuverability by flying
And on the contrary, a person who is frail, weak-willed, dishonest, unable to keep his word, who does every task poorly, who has no respect for himself or other people, in military service reveals all these weaknesses and can become a laughing stock. And in battle he will expose himself and his comrades to the greatest danger.
Preparation for military service includes mandatory military training, good academic performance, sports, and character development.
Aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov"
Did you know that the hero of the Great Patriotic War, pilot Alexei Maresyev, who lost both legs at the front and returned to combat aviation, was a sickly boy as a child? After the war, he wrote: “Often, when I speak to young people, they ask me: “How did you cultivate will, strength of character, perseverance in achieving a goal? Or maybe these are innate traits and it’s useless to even try to develop them in yourself?” Of course not. Will, strength of character and others good qualities can be developed from childhood, and the earlier, the better. Every day, every hour Everyday life these qualities are cultivated.”
Think about how to cultivate such qualities in yourself.
Let's check ourselves
- Explain the meaning of the provision that the defense of the Fatherland is the duty and responsibility of a citizen.
- What's happened military service?
- Compare conscript military service and contract military service. What is the difference between them?
- What are the main responsibilities of a military personnel?
- How to prepare yourself to perform military duty?
In the classroom and at home
- Read the statements of the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov. Which of them can be attributed to military service today?
- “Every warrior must understand his maneuver.”
- “Where a deer goes, a soldier will go.”
- "Discipline is the mother of victory."
- "A soldier is not a robber."
- “A soldier must be healthy, brave, firm, determined, truthful, pious.”
- "Obedience, training, discipline, cleanliness, health, cheerfulness, courage, courage - victory."
- For heroism on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, more than 7 million people were awarded military orders and medals. What conclusion can be drawn from these data?
- Look at the family archive. Does it contain photographs of people in military uniform, letters from your grandfather or great-grandfather, orders and medals? Ask your parents and other relatives about them. Prepare a message about the participation of your ancestors in the defense of the Fatherland. If you have relics of the Great Patriotic War and other wars at home, this is the honor and pride of your family. They must be protected and remembered.
- Together with your classmates, find out where the combatants are buried in your city or village. Lay flowers at the monuments. If necessary, clean the burial area.
- Prepare a report on your exploits Russian soldiers and officers today.
- Among the defenders of the Patronymic are not only men, but also women. What role did they play in the defense of the Fatherland in the past, what is it currently?
Learning to be courageous
Here are some tips given by the wonderful teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky.
- “You are not only a future worker, but also a warrior. From an early age, prepare for military service. Be resilient, patient, don’t be afraid of difficulties.
- From childhood, learn to be true to my word. Loyalty to your word is a moral virtue that you must develop in yourself...
- Your powers may be weak and limited, but if you know how to dominate physical forces with your spirit, will, and aspirations, you will be invincible and unbending...
- Cultivate in yourself from an early age strong-willed aspiration, perseverance and endurance...
- Willpower turns the spark of physical forces into a mighty flame, weakness of will extinguishes the fire of physical forces, and they turn into cold ashes. Courage is the true beauty of spirit and body, beliefs and actions. Courage makes a person powerful and kind, strong and affectionate.
- If you passed indifferently past the weak and defenseless, if your eyes remained blind and your soul insensitive, you will grow up cruel, and cruelty is weakness multiplied by meanness. Courage has nothing to do with cruelty...
It is the honor of a young man to devote his life to the defense of the Fatherland...”
The Constitution states: “Defense of the Fatherland is the duty and duty of a citizen of the Russian Federation.” Why is the defense of the Fatherland called, for the most part, both a duty and an obligation in the law of our country? Why do the words “duty” and “duty” appear side by side in the Constitution?
duty and duty
Defense of the Fatherland is its defense during an attack on it or its allies, a declaration of war or general mobilization. Defense of the Fatherland testifies to the protection of the independence of the country, its territory, population, material and spiritual treasures.
Defense of the Fatherland is not only a duty enshrined in law, but also the most significant moral requirement, the patriotic duty of every citizen. Awareness of one's own duty is manifested in a person's actions. “We all,” said the author I. S. Turgenev (1818-1883), “have one anchor from which, if you don’t want to, under no circumstances will you break free: a sense of duty.” The emotion of duty to defend the Fatherland is possessed by people with a strong-willed, courageous character.
Journey into the past
On the evening of June 21, 1941, school graduations were held, boys and girls said goodbye to school. And on the morning of June 22, information was received that our country had been invaded by the troops of Nazi Germany.
Graduates dreamed of becoming engineers, doctors, teachers, but the war destroyed their plans. Entire classes of them went to military registration and enlistment offices, declaring their desire to voluntarily join the army. Not only young people, but also older people, those who, due to their age, were not required to serve in the army, sought to go to the front.
Those unfit for combat work were enlisted in the people's militia, which became the army reserve.
In Moscow alone, in the first four days of the war, 170 thousand applications from volunteers were received to enlist in the militia. At a time when a threat loomed over Moscow, the militia, many of whom were not well armed and trained, entered into battle with the enemy. They fought heroically, the losses were enormous.
At the end of the war, while the graduates of 1941 were planning reunions with their classmates, many classes had only a few people left alive.
Do you think today’s youth are capable of repeating the feat of their ancestors? Monument on Borodino Field
You already know about one of the fields of military glory - Kulikovo. Determine what events are associated with the Borodino and Prokhorovsky fields. Prepare a report about the monuments depicted in the photographs.
Domestic history shows many examples at a time when patriotism and a sense of duty forced millions of people to rise to defend the Fatherland. History teaches: in order for victory over the enemy to be achieved without huge losses, it is necessary to prepare for the defense of the Fatherland in advance.
Monument on Prokhorovsky Field
The responsibility and duty to defend the Fatherland applies to any citizen of Russia. Since it is possible to take part in the defense of the Fatherland by working at a defense enterprise, working in a military hospital, inventing new armored vehicles, resisting the enemy in occupied territory.
In accordance with the law, military service is established for Russians. It demonstrates the duty of citizens to perform military service in the Armed Forces and defend the Fatherland.
What does military service include?
What does military service as a citizen of the Russian Federation indicate?
A citizen is required to register for military service in the year following the age of 17. He must be registered with the military at his place of residence at the military registration and enlistment office (army commissariat).
The citizen undergoes the necessary training for military work. What does it consist of?
In history lessons, you will learn about wars of the distant and recent past, about the military glory of your ancestors, about the organization of the country’s defense from external threats. In the direction of the military registration and enlistment office, you will be able to take one or another military registration profession. Many guys independently go to classes in military applied sports (shooting, parachuting, etc.).
Military training is also carried out in Suvorov, Nakhimov, military music schools, and cadet corps. These are educational institutions of secondary (non-specialized) education with additional educational programs aimed at military training of minor citizens.
Citizens of the Russian Federation from 18 to 27 years of age who are or are required to be registered with the military are conscripted into the army.
Having received a summons from the military registration and enlistment office, the citizen is obliged to appear for a medical examination and a meeting of the draft commission to be sent to a military unit for service. The term of military service under conscription is 12 months.
Citizens who entered the army under a contract complete it within the period specified in the contract. A citizen who has reached the age of 18 and has expressed a desire to conclude an agreement with the Ministry of Defense submits an application to the army commissariat where he is registered, or to a military unit. The contract stipulates the voluntariness of a citizen’s entry into the army and the terms of the contract, such as the performance of non-specialized contractual, official and special duties, and his rights, including receiving benefits, compensation and guarantees.
Military personnel are provided with insignia and military uniforms.
There lived a man
Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub (1920-1991) appeared in a peasant family. He received his education at a chemical technical school, and in 1940 he went into the army and entered the aviation school. First of all, during the Second World War, he himself began training military pilots at the aviation school.
Returning tired from the training airport, Ivan Nikitovich thought only about one thing: how to get to the front. The management did not let him go, but he achieved his own. In March 1943, Kozhedub arrived at the front and became an ordinary fighter pilot. After this, he was appointed flight chief, and later began commanding a squadron. He took part in 120 air battles, in which, showing extraordinary courage, he shot down 62 enemy aircraft. He was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR three times.
At the end of the war, Kozhedub became deputy commander of an air regiment, and in 1985 - an air marshal. At the end of the Second World War, Ivan Nikitovich a large number of He devoted energy and time to working with young people, wrote a book about his own life, “Helping the Fatherland.”
What does the fact that I.N. Kozhedub received orders to the front indicate? Since he trained pilots for the air regiment and thereby helped the front without exposing himself to danger. What specific qualities of this person showed up in battle?
A serviceman entering the army for the first time is sworn in in front of the National Flag of the Russian Federation and the banner of the military unit. He solemnly swears
loyalty to his own Fatherland - the Russian Federation, takes an oath to fulfill the Constitution of the Russian Federation, strictly comply with the requirements of military regulations, orders of superiors and commanders, honorably perform military duty, courageously defend freedom, independence, the constitutional system of Russia, the Fatherland and the people.
Upon completion of taking the Military Oath, a serviceman may be involved in combat missions, and weapons and military equipment will be assigned to him.
What are the non-specialized duties of soldiers? Here are some of them:
- to be faithful to the Military Oath, to unconditionally help one’s own people;
- cherish the military glory and honor of the defenders of one’s own people, the honor of military rank and military camaraderie;
- improve military skills, maintain weapons and armored vehicles in constant readiness for use, and protect military property;
- be disciplined, vigilant, keep national and military secrets.
Soldiers holding different positions do job duties (for example, the duties of an officer).
Those soldiers who are on combat duty, in uniform, are involved in the elimination of natural disasters, and act in other emergency situations, perform special duties (for example, the duties of a sentry).
Prepare yourself for military duty
To Russian Federation had the opportunity to meet every threat with dignity, it was necessary to have troops capable of repelling any opponent, equipped with new examples of weapons. We are creating mobile armies in which the air force and space forces play a decisive role. Rapid reaction units operate in modern ground armies, aviation, navies, and airborne units.
Rocket launcher "Smerch".
Parade in honor of the 65th anniversary of the Victory. 2010
In 2010 it was created National program weapons until 2020. It is planned to provide the Armed Forces with the latest air defense systems, anti-tank systems, ballistic missiles, new rocket launchers, and the latest communications systems. It is possible to rearm nuclear forces, aviation, and build a new fleet.
Military work - servicing armored vehicles, exercises and campaigns - is hard and terrible work. Only a person who is physically developed, skillful, strong-willed, who values his own honor, who is true to his word, successfully accomplishes his own tasks in the army, is highly valued.
Tank T-90S, named for its high maneuverability by flying
And vice versa, a person who is frail, weak-willed, unscrupulous, unable to keep his word, does every job somehow, has no respect for himself or other people, in military work reveals all these weaknesses and can become a laughing stock. And in battle he will expose himself and his friends to enormous danger.
Preparing for military work involves essential military training, good academics, sports, and character development.
Aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov"
Did you know that the brave WWII pilot Alexey Maresyev, who lost his legs at the front and returned to combat aviation, early years was he a sick boy? At the end of the war, he wrote: “Quite often, when I speak to young people, I am asked questions: “How did you cultivate will, strength of character, perseverance in achieving a goal? Or perhaps these are innate traits and there’s no point in trying to develop them in yourself?” No, it goes without saying.
Will, strength of character and other good qualities can be developed from childhood, and the sooner the better. Every day, at any hour, these qualities are cultivated in everyday life.”
Think about how to cultivate such qualities in yourself.
Let's make sure we're reliable
- Explain the essence of the provision that the defense of the Fatherland is the responsibility and duty of a citizen.
- What is military service?
- Compare conscript military service and contract military service. What is the difference between them?
- What are the main responsibilities of a military personnel?
- How to prepare yourself for military duty?
In the classroom and at home
- Read the statements of the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov. Which specific ones can be attributed to military work Now?
- “Every soldier must be aware of his own maneuver.”
- “Where a deer goes, a soldier will go.”
- "Discipline is the mother of victory."
- "A soldier is not a robber."
- “A warrior must be healthy, brave, firm, determined, truthful, pious.”
- "Obedience, training, discipline, cleanliness, health, cheerfulness, courage, courage - victory."
- For heroism on the fronts of the Second World War, more than 7 million people were awarded medals and military orders. What conclusion can be drawn from these data?
- Take a look at the home archive. Does it contain photographs of people in military uniform, letters from your grandfather or great-grandfather, medals and orders? Ask your own parents and second relatives about them. Prepare a message about the participation of your own ancestors in the defense of the Fatherland. If you have relics of the Second World War or second wars at home, this is the honor and pride of your family. They need to be protected and not forgotten about.
- Together with your classmates, determine where the battle participants are buried in your city or village. Lay flowers at the monuments. If necessary, clean the burial area.
- Prepare a message about the exploits of Russian soldiers and officers Now.
- Among the defenders of the Patronymic are not only men, but also ladies. What role did they play in the defense of the Fatherland in the past, what is it at the moment?
Learning to be courageous
- “You are not only a future worker, but also a soldier. From an early age, prepare for military work. Be resilient, patient, do not be afraid of difficulties.
- From childhood, learn to be true to your word. Loyalty to your word is a moral virtue that you must develop in yourself.
- Your powers may not be strong and limited, but if you can dominate the physical forces with your spirit, will, and zeal, you will be invincible and unbending.
- Cultivate in yourself strong-willedness, perseverance and endurance from an early age.
- Willpower turns the spark of physical forces into a mighty flame, weakness of will extinguishes the flame of physical forces, and they are transformed into cold ashes. Courage is the body and the true beauty of the spirit, actions and beliefs. Courage makes a person powerful and good, strong and gentle.
- If you passed indifferently past the not strong and helpless, if your eyes remained blind and your soul insensitive, you will grow up bitter, and cruelty is weakness multiplied by meanness. Courage has nothing to do with cruelty.
It is the honor of a young man to devote his own life to the defense of the Fatherland. »
Publisher: Enlightenment 2015.
Type: Textbook
At the age of fourteen, a student receives a passport, which means that he becomes an adult, able-bodied resident of his state. Consequently, at this age a student can independently sign various contracts. But before you take any action, you still need to know your powers and responsibilities well. During this period, a person already bears full responsibility for his actions, so it is very important to comply with the laws, know and respect them, and be able to defend one’s rights. Bogolyubov's textbook "Social studies for 7th grade" will provide the main topics; after studying them, the student will become a full-fledged and sought-after citizen of his society. He will have to accept rational decisions, learn the secrets of professional success, have the ability to predict the prosperity of your business, only then can you create your own business. The child will understand that to preserve and protect nature means to save his life. This is exactly what will be discussed in the lessons of this direction in the seventh year of study.
When faced with difficulties while doing homework, a student can use GDZ in social studies author Bogolyubov L.N. 7th grade. Ready answers, which are in the collection, will allow the seventh grader to understand all the intricacies of self-organization and legal consciousness, manage his mood, and teach him to perceive the behavior of other people around him accordingly. By using online solver Parents will be able to help their child understand more complex tasks without wasting time searching for information.
June 22 is the day the Great Patriotic War began. Soviet boys were eager to go to the front: they ran away from home to become partisans, and gave themselves years in the military registration and enlistment office. Do you think today's youth are capable of great feats?
According to my inner conviction and my feelings from communicating with young peopleI can say that young people are capable of this,” answers Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor at VAGS Alexey Bardakov. - We have a lot of decent, highly moral and patriotic people. I think not all people in 1941 were patriotic, however, as in 2017. But it must be said that our young people are very worthy. Patriotism transforms over time. It is wrong to say that patriotic sentiments do not change, they just change, but the essence of patriotism remains: love for the Motherland, for the society in which you live, for your loved ones. When a person acts for the good and in the name of the one he loves, then he is a true patriot.
Modern youth are certainly capable of feats of this kind,” says Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Hero of Russia Mikhail Pozdnyakov. - This was proven by the military actions that took place in Afghanistan, and in the Chechen Republic, and in other places where very young guys took part. A considerable number of documentaries and feature films. Our young generation is worthy of their grandfathers and great-grandfathers, who in the Great Patriotic War They defended the borders of the state at the cost of their lives. Now military operations are taking place in Syria, and our young people, both among officers and among the rank and file, show that they can and do fulfill their duty in accordance with the oath of allegiance to the Motherland. They adequately defend the interests of the country, but isn’t this an indicator that Russian youth are worthy of their grandfathers?
I am sure that our young people are capable of such actions, says the doctor. philological sciences, professor of VolSU Alexander Mlechko. - It is better, of course, that there are no such life circumstances in which a feat is necessary. Of course, there are a large number of people who are ready to defend their Motherland. Did our grandfathers and great-grandfathers go to defend their Motherland or their relatives? It is difficult, in my opinion, to separate the desire to protect your loved ones from the feeling of love for the Motherland, because you and your loved ones, in essence, are your Motherland. Probably, this is one and the same thing, and it is inseparable. The process of patriotic education is currently more intense than it was, roughly speaking, 15-20 years ago. There are misunderstandings and disputes about how best to implement this, but today this patriotism is visible, and especially on May 9. We began to feel differently about our Motherland - I would say the intensity of patriotic feelings in Lately increased significantly.
I think that today’s youth are capable of accomplishing a feat of this kind,” says the head of the Volgograd branch of the All-Russian social movement“Volunteers of Victory” Anastasia Sheikina. “We see that a large number of people, including young people, come to the patriotic events that take place in the city. This is important to them. All four of my great-grandfathers fought and, unfortunately, died. Volgograd is the successor to Stalingrad in patriotic terms, so I think young people are capable of such actions, like those who committed them in the forties.
Anastasia Rozhkova