Fewer and fewer of us are in the ranks of the living, the recruits of 1944, the fighters of the last military draft, the last human reserve, which the country drained of blood in the hardest war was preparing for Victory. A million and a quarter of young, seventeen-year-old boys were called that autumn by the Motherland into the ranks of the Red Army and Navy. Almost six months remained until the end of the war, but no one was given to know this, and more than one million lives had to be put on the altar of Victory by the power ...
AND EVERYTHING, Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin decided to save this last reserve for the time being, did not throw it into the heat of battles, foreseeing that even after the Victory, the contours of which were already highlighted on the tips of the famous "ten Stalinist blows", on the smoking banks of the Vistula and Danube, the future world would be far from calm.
The reserve is the reserve. And the guys dispersed to training battalions, military schools, border posts, engineer-sapper units, disarming the land freed from the enemy from mines. I remember how in Ryazan, at the assembly point, these beardless children dreamed of "exploits, valor, glory" and heatedly argued about the type of troops in which it was possible to get to the front faster after training. And how the guy Vanya Ponomarev was worried about Uholovsky's heroic build in our team sent to the aviation school, which, probably, will not have time to learn and shoot down "at least one vulture" by the end of the war. And how the bright-eyed Volodya Yesenin from the village of Konstantinovo reassured him, smiling, by the way, very similar to his famous fellow villager and namesake: "The peaceful sky is no worse, but there will be enough feats for our age."
The last military appeal did not manage to fight the "vultures" on the battlefield. But when the echelons with the victors returned to their homeland, he had another six to seven years (and some even longer) to carry out military service in the army and navy, becoming no longer a reserve, but the core of the country's Armed Forces, the main striking force in case if the "cold war" unleashed by the "allies" soon after the Victory turned into a "hot" one.
I already had to write about my peers and colleagues, receive letters from them. The fate of all lined up almost the same. At the age of 13-14, teenagers had to replace their fathers and older brothers who had gone to the front, in the factory shops and in the field behind the plow, having shouldered the childish burden of affairs and worries: "Everything for the front, everything for the victory over the enemy!" And then the call and endless years in barracks, cockpits, dugouts - from Murmansk to Kushka, from Berlin to Port Arthur and the Kuriles.
And many had to take a sip in these years of peace and military daring. Long-term pravdist-photojournalist Boris Sokolov, who passed away this year, at the age of 18, became the best intelligence officer in the operative detachment that tracked down Bandera gangs in the Lviv region, and personally destroyed one of the most inveterate, stained with the blood of hundreds of victims of the bandit leaders - Mykola Stotsky ...
The years of soldier's service dragged on, but the country went on a different, peaceful life. The growing youth graduated from schools, technical schools, universities, children mastered peaceful professions, fell in love and acquired families and housing. And the fighters of the last military draft, returning to "civilian life" in 1951-1952, had at the age of 24-25 to start a peaceful life practically from scratch.
And no one complained about fate. No matter what hardships one had to bear, everyone lived with the firm conviction that "the Motherland will not forget us." So they were brought up, they stood on that. And nothing, survived, survived.
On the eve of November 7, I once again had a chance to talk with the soldiers of the 1944 draft at the "meeting of military friends" in the Red Banner Hall of the All-Russian Center for Culture of the Armed Forces, or simply, the House of the Russian Army. We marked a memorable date - 60 years after the decision of the State Defense Committee on conscription, counted how many peers were out of action after the previous meeting. Someone sadly noticed that the veterans' choir, which had already lined up on the stage to please us with a concert, almost outnumbered those gathered in the hall.
And I looked into the faces of my peers, listened to them and again and again was amazed at the inexhaustible enthusiasm of military youth carried by them through the thickness of the years. Yes, all of them, one way or another, albeit with a considerable delay, made their peaceful life. They built cities, raised virgin lands, and raised children. And at this meeting of ours, gray-haired men with rows of multi-colored order ribbons on the lapels of their jackets were not talking about senile ailments, which, when the count of years goes far beyond 70, often poison the life of our brother ...
Former partisan Mikhail Dmitrievich Latsepner spoke with enthusiasm about his patronage in one of the Moscow boarding schools. Ivan Petrovich Koblyakov shared his experience in conducting "lessons of courage" in schools of the Perovsky district. Lessons, according to the conviction of the veterans, are extremely necessary right now, when the destroyers of the country by all means are trying to instill in the younger generation the wrong ideas about the Victory over fascism and its origins, about the life and struggle of the Soviet people, without disdaining at the same time the most sophisticated lies and slander.
Reproaches were also heard. Here, they say, not all of our 1944 conscripts pay attention to the military-patriotic education of young people.
Others are too close to their "sores", summer cottage and family affairs. You can imagine the grins from the outside: the age is such that it is time to think about the eternal, but they still will not calm down. Well, it remains to repeat once again: yes, this is how they were brought up by the old system, the way of life, they stand on that, as the Soviet state stood on that. "If I had a native country, and there would be no other worries" - this was, in fact, the anthem and motto of Soviet generations.
The soldiers of the last military draft were and remain true to this motto. It is all the more offensive for them - and this was also discussed at a meeting in the Red Banner Hall - that even now, on the eve of the 60th anniversary of Victory, the 1944 recruits are legally listed as not quite full-fledged participants in the Great Patriotic War and are deprived of the corresponding benefits.
The dispute around this has been going on for more than one year. Back in 2001, the State Duma, with the energetic support of Communist deputies, adopted the necessary amendment to the law, but it was "hacked to death" in the Federation Council and the Kremlin. Subsequent appeals to the legislature, the government and the president also ended in failure.
The explanations of government officials, as a rule, boiled down to a budget deficit. About three years ago the figure of 800 million rubles circulated in the Duma. Look, they say, how much will have to be found additionally from the meager Russian treasury for this cohort of veterans. There are still too many of them - nearly a hundred thousand souls. Well, the number of souls over the years has noticeably (almost half) decreased, and in the budget with a surplus that pleases the authorities, in the stabilization and other funds, swollen from the inexhaustible influx of petrodollars, the income has been very noticeable. Now, it would seem, and even on the eve of the Victory anniversary, it would be just right for the authorities to restore justice. But time passes, and the veterans of the last military draft are still in the participants in the war, as it were, of the second grade.
- It is still unknown, - remarked on this account retired colonel Boris Ivanovich Gorodetsky, who heads the capital organization "The Last Military Call", - how the monetization of benefits initiated by the authorities will affect the position of our veterans. Judging by the previous sad experience, I somehow do not really believe in the best option. You have to remain vigilant.
On my desk is a pile of letters from the soldiers of that autumn 1944 draft. This is what, for example, a resident of the village of Podyuga, Arkhangelsk Region, Igor Fedorovich Maryshev, reflects on in his letter: “The trouble is that the current government is represented by people who were born and raised in the post-war period. Apparently, the understanding of all that has fallen to our lot is inaccessible. The state is fully engaged in creating a class of the privileged, the class of the rich, dooming the rest to poverty and misery. The market economy, like nothing else, helps all kinds of crooks to fill their wallets. On all kinds of senseless shows, absorbing millions of dollars and rubles, money is found, but there is no money to thank the soldiers and workers of the past.
There are fewer of us every year, every day. Diseases prevail. And there is no time left to wait, as we have waited all these years, for the recognition of us as full participants in the Great Patriotic War. Really, by the next anniversary year, neither the President, nor the Duma, nor the government will take any measures at our request? Do you really have to go to another world with resentment for your state? "... A dry November snow is sweeping down the street. Just like then, 60 years ago, on the railway station square in Ryazan, where we, seventeen-year-old boys, are still in civilian clothes, with our shoulders." sidor ", were built before boarding the carriages, before the road to the unknown.
And somewhere beyond the Bug, in the Carpathians, the battles did not subside, and it was thought that it was us who were lacking for the front to put a victory point in this protracted war. Until May 9, there were still almost six months left.
From June 23, 1941, conscripts from 1905 to 1918, inclusive, were drafted into the army.
The territory of conscription is the Leningrad, Baltic, Western, Kiev, Odessa, Kharkov, Oryol, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Ural, Siberian, Volga, North Caucasian and Transcaucasian military districts. There were also territorial nuances. For example, on the night of June 23 in Siberia, military registration and enlistment offices sent out notices to conscripts, but not everyone was given a mobilization summons. In connection with the threat of an attack by Japan, some of the future soldiers were assigned to the Far Eastern Front and did not call them to the assembly points.
In total, in June and July 1941, a general and complete mobilization of men and a partial mobilization of women was carried out. By this time, class restrictions had already been lifted - everyone could defend the Motherland. And this is not a mere formality. The fact is that in 1925 the USSR adopted a law on compulsory military service. It was forbidden to recruit "persons of the exploiting classes" into the army, namely: children of former nobles, merchants, officers of the old army, priests, manufacturers, as well as Cossacks and kulaks.
In 1935, an exception was made for the Cossacks. The 1939 law lifted class restrictions on conscription, but only children of workers and peasants are still admitted to military schools. The war also corrected this rule. In fact, everyone who wanted to go to the front and to the school could do it in one way or another.
From the archive
In total, 5.3 million people were drafted in the first 8 days of the war. That is, the army doubled: the actual number of the Red Army by June 22, 1941 amounted to 5.4 million people. But the huge irreparable losses of the first months of the war required more and more soldiers. By the beginning of 1942, conscripts from 1923-1925 were already providing conscription to the Red Army. birth. In total, 34.5 million people were put under arms during the war.
The call took place like this: in the cities the summons from the military registration and enlistment office were brought to the house, in the villages - to the village council. Directly on the agenda it was indicated: the administrations of the enterprises immediately release the conscript from work and give money for two weeks in advance. On the back there are instructions: shave your head bald, have documents and food with you, do not take bulky things.
There was no single form, there were many options for subpoenas. But the main thing was always indicated: where and when to arrive. We warned you: you will be held accountable for being late or not showing up.
Along with the mobilization to the front, the authorities "reserved" specialists to work at military factories. In the draft campaign of 1942, deferrals were provided to combine operators and tractor drivers engaged in harvesting. Depending on the region, "reservation" was also given to students of river technical schools, forestry institutes, who were in navigation and logging in the taiga. In 1941 and until the first half of 1942, teachers, who were not taken into military service at all until 1940, were also entitled to deferrals.
But the front demanded replenishment: millions were killed and wounded, prisoners and surrounded. The army has already taken both 17-year-olds and 50-year-olds.
True, the term "mobilization" does not quite accurately reflect the situation. Yes, there were deviators and deserters, but all the same, the Komsomol volunteers were not a propaganda invention. Volunteers born in 1922-1924 were selected for units in which service was associated with a special risk. A recruitment of paratroopers, skiers, pilots, and tank destroyers passed through the district committees of the Komsomol. Positive characteristics were required, preference was given to athletes, the delivery of the standards of the BSTO was welcomed ("Be ready for labor and defense of the USSR" - for schoolchildren of grades 1-8, TRP (for people over 16 years old) and PVHO ("Ready for the anti-chemical defense of the USSR" ).
Quite a lot of types of wartime agendas have survived: there was no single form. But the document necessarily indicated the main thing: when and where to arrive, what to have with you. The conscript was also reminded of responsibility for failure to appear on time. In the cities, the summons from the military registration and enlistment office was brought to the house, in the villages - to the village council. Photo: From the archive
The legendary woman - nun Matushka Adriana (Natalya Malysheva) - shortly before her death told in an interview with "RG" about how the young people met the news of the beginning of the war in Moscow. “As soon as the voice of Levitan announced the beginning of the war from the loudspeakers, I ran to the military academies with my fellow students at the Aviation Institute,” the nun said. front. But only one of our company succeeded, and only because his father was the commander of the Red Army. "
Many were afraid of only one thing: the war would end, and they would not have time to accomplish their feats. Therefore, they tried to get to the war "by pull." “I was not hired because a girl,” Natalya Malysheva recalled. “It was very offensive. close to Moscow, in the district committee of the Komsomol they looked at me somehow strangely and without delay they sent me to the Third Communist Division of the people's militia. "
Division - 11 thousand volunteers who were not subject to conscription. They took everyone: both the children of the repressed and the priests. Frontline everyday life made adjustments to the youthful idea of war, in the trenches everything turned out to be more prosaic and more terrible. But the divisions fought to the death. Malysheva asked to be a nurse, but was taken into divisional reconnaissance. She went to the front line 18 times. She ended the war as a lieutenant in army intelligence. “You know, I still ask myself: how was this possible?” The nun reasoned. “There were so many repressed before the war, how many churches were destroyed! I personally knew two guys whose fathers were shot. But no one harbored anger. And these people rose above their grievances, abandoned everything and went to defend the Motherland. "
Volunteers were selected for the landing and ski brigades, as well as for the special forces of tank destroyers - according to the Komsomol vouchers. Preference was given to athletes. Photo: Alexander Ustinov
The staff of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War showed me the document. Issued by the Stalin district military enlistment office in Moscow: liable for military service V.M. Yudovsky July 6, 1941 enlisted in the people's militia. This is not a summons or a certificate - just a piece of paper with a corner stamp and a round seal. The partisans had about the same situation with documents. Information: issued to comrade Troyan Nadezhda Vasilievna that she was in the Tempest partisan detachment as a soldier. The headquarters of the partisan movements, most likely, had to improvise - even with the regular army, not everything was going smoothly with the official documents of the Red Army. Order of the NKO of the USSR N 330 of October 7, 1941 "On the introduction of the Red Army book in military units and institutions in the rear and at the front" had to be carried out in difficult conditions, when the army was retreating and the fighters lacked a lot, including documents and death tokens. What can we say about certificates for partisans and militias.
The losses of the Red Army, the Navy, border and internal troops during the war amounted to 11.4 million people - including those taken prisoner and missing. How many people were killed in the partisan detachments, no one can say for sure.
by the way
- After the end of the war, the army numbered 11 million people, which was redundant for peacetime. In July 1945, all soldiers and sergeants over 45 and officers over 50 were dismissed from the army. Since September 1945, the retirement of soldiers and sergeants over 30 began, as well as soldiers, sergeants, officers who have specialties valuable for the restoration of the national economy (builders, miners, metallurgists, machine operators, etc.), regardless of age.
- From 1946 to 1948, no conscription was made. Young people were sent to restoration work in mines, heavy engineering enterprises, and construction sites. People aged 17-23 with secondary education were admitted to military schools to train officers.
- By the beginning of 1948, the size of the army had dropped to 2.8 million.
- After the Great Patriotic War, a new law on universal conscription was adopted in 1949. Young people aged 18 were subject to conscription: in the ground forces and in the aviation for 3 years, in the navy - for 4 years.
And it will be so, it will inevitably be.
An old man will appear on the stage in orders
The last front-line soldier on the planet
And before him in a fit people will stand up:
Not someone in front of them - a front-line soldier!
An experienced old man will lead a story
How this earth was ripped out of metal,
How he saved this sun for us ...
The boys will be very surprised
The girls will sigh in sorrow-
How is it possible - to die at seventeen,
How can you lose a mother in childhood ...
And he will leave in the dew of scarlet sunrises,
In bouquets of roses and field poppies ...
Memorize them before it's too late
While they live among the living.
Nikolay Rybalko. Memorize them
The last military conscription - conscription, the last one during the Great Patriotic War, conscripts born in 1926 and 1927.
By the end of 1944, the entire territory of the Soviet Union was liberated from the Nazi troops, but there was still more than six months left before the end of the war. In the first years of the war, the Red Army suffered significant losses, maintaining the number of combat-ready units by mobilizing older ages. However, the human reserves are not unlimited. It should be noted that for the first time the country's leadership decided to deviate from the Law on General Military Duty in the face of severe human losses and to call over 700 thousand underage youths born in 1926 for active military service in the fall of 1943. This experience was repeated in the following years 1944 and 1945. And do not believe anyone who says that these teenagers sat at their desks during the war. On October 25, 1944, the State Defense Committee announced the call for military service of conscripts born in 1927. Then 1 million 156 thousand 727 people were called up (according to Wikipedia).
The generation of the defenders of the Fatherland of the last military draft is a special category of people who, barely reaching the age of seventeen, were drafted in 1944 into the ranks of the Red Army and the Navy.
And all of them, in fact, were minors on the day of conscription. This experience of conscription already took place in the First World War in 1915 in Russia. But then "an early call was made for young people born in 1895, and young men who had not yet reached the age of twenty went to war." This is mentioned by G. Zhukov in his book “G. K. Zhukov. Memories and reflections. "In 1944, the recruited youths were barely seventeen years old. Most of them persistently strove to the front in military units and warships. And many had to serve in units of the active army. % consisted of soldiers born in 1926-1927 (Archive of the MOSSSR F396 OP243910, d.2, l.281).
Those who of them had a chance to fight on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, showed courage and fortitude, fighting the fascist invaders. Not all of them lived to see the Great Victory Day. Having passed the course of a young soldier at an accelerated pace, in early 1945 many were sent to the front, many a little later in the same 1945 - to the Far East to participate in the war with Japan. Not because of a good life, our country was forced to fight with children's hands. 280 thousand young Soviet soldiers remained forever on the battlefields of European countries, which they, together with their older brother-soldiers, had to free from fascism. Among the participants in the Great Patriotic War of the last military draft, 15 people received the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Most of the last military draft did not reach the front, but their service at that time differed little from the front. The protection of military facilities and camps, the "cleansing" of the liberated territories were, as a rule, a terrible and bloody affair. They did not fight at the front, but were next to it, with weapons in their hands, they participated in the elimination of bandit Bandera gangs, cleared the liberated territories on land and at sea, escorted German prisoners of war, carried border and guard duty. After the end of the war, they were in constant combat readiness, without taking off their greatcoats for months, and served in the Red Army for more than three legal terms.
A special merit of these young men was that the responsibility for strengthening the defense power and security of our Motherland fell on their shoulders, when there was a massive dismissal of older privates, sergeants and petty officers after the end of the war.
Many trials and difficulties fell to the lot of young soldiers of the last military draft. The urgent service for them was extended to 7 - 9 years. There were no massive military conscriptions either in 1945 or in 1946, until 1949 in accordance with the resolution of the Supreme Military Council chaired by Stalin. Mass military conscription into the army and navy after the war began to be made only from 1949-50 -x years And all this time, from 1944 to the 50s, the generation of the last military draft served, ensuring the security and defense of our country. And at the same time, no one grumbled, did not show dissatisfaction with the three times longer service without holidays.
And even before being drafted to war in 1944-45, young men managed to work for 2 - 3 years in the national economy, where only women, old people and children worked at that time. And everyone worked without rest and vacations, giving all their strength to the common cause of Victory. All soldiers of the last draft were awarded the medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." and jubilee medals.
Last Call Soldiers
We want to tell you about the soldiers of the last draft - our fellow countrymen, residents of the village of Glubokoye.
Ivan Avdeevich Filtsov(23.08.1927 - 03.11.2016)
On January 27, 1997, in the village of Glubokoye, a public organization was created - the Council of Veterans of the last draft of the Great Patriotic War. Ivan Avdeevich Filtsov was elected the Chairman of the Council. His childhood ended at the age of 13 when the war broke out. He worked as a shepherd on a collective farm, a hitchhiker on a tractor. After the liberation of his native Milyutinsky region from the Germans in January 1943, he was enrolled in special. the formation of the NKVD - a fighter battalion. The battalion fighters lived in a barracks position, guarded the weapons and ammunition abandoned by the Germans, participated in the clearance of fields from shells and mines, in the detention of the Germans leaving the Stalingrad encirclement. And in January 1945, Ivan Filtsov was taken into the Red Army. He was 17 and a half years old. He served in the reserve regiments of the North Caucasian Military District, where he was a mortarman, an artilleryman, and a reconnaissance officer. From 1947 to 1951 he served in the Far East, and his entire service lasted 7 years. He returned to a peaceful life in 1951, he had neither education nor civilian profession. He went to work on the railroad, graduated from a school for working youth, then in absentia from a technical school and an institute. Ivan Avdeevich devoted his whole life to the railway - he was both a train foreman, and a shop foreman, head of the FDA reserve and head of the carriage depot. A railroad is a well-oiled mechanism, work on it is very responsible and requires a lot of effort from a person. Nevertheless, Ivan Avdeevich Filtsov managed to devote a lot of attention to public work, mainly dedicated to preserving the memory of the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. On his initiative, a monument to the railway workers who died at the front and in the rear was built on the territory of the Glubokaya wagon depot. The monument was inaugurated on May 9, 1975 and is dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Great Victory. Later, when the depot was closed in the 90s, the monument was moved to the square near the Glubokaya station. Here are held such events as "Watch of Memory", laying flowers on the eve of Victory Day, meetings of schoolchildren with veterans. Ivan Avdeevich has always been an active participant in these meetings.
As chairman of the Council of Veterans - Railway Workers of the Glubokaya station, he comes up with the initiative to write the history of the station, which would cover everything - the military and labor feat of our fellow railwaymen during the war and in peacetime, the development of the road itself and its services, the fate of people who dedicated station your life. And such a booklet was created. Its name is symbolic - "The Road of Life". Many people took part in its creation - members of the Council of Veterans, employees of the department of culture of the administration of the Kamensky district, the department of education, the editorial office of the regional newspaper "Earth", the Intersettlement Central Library, residents of the village of Glubokoye. But most of the materials and photographs for the booklet were collected by I.A.Filtsov. The circulation of the edition is small, but it is an invaluable material of local lore, a gift from a veteran railway worker to future generations. In 2010, the Kamensk administration and the District Assembly of Deputies awarded Ivan Avdeevich Filtsov the title of Honorary Citizen of the Kamensk District for his outstanding professional achievements and many years of conscientious work in the patriotic education of youth.
Vasily Ivanovich Volchensky
Drafted for military service in 1944. He served as a driver, graduated from the military school of auto mechanics in 1945. He was a sergeant, squad leader, deputy. platoon commander. Demobilized in 1951 as a specialist in wheeled vehicles.
Nikolay G. Gaidarev
Was drafted on May 10, 1943, he was not yet 17 years old, at first he was taught shooting, military science. Then he got into the 42nd rifle regiment of the NKVD, where tactical exercises continued. After studying there was the first baptism of fire in 1944 - the Caucasian operation. Then again the order and participation in the enhanced protection of the Chinese border. The situation there is complicated. The Chinese (Kuomintang) constantly made provocations to start a war. In 1945, the Chinese quieted down, and the regiment where Nikolai Grigorievich served was sent to Western Ukraine in the Drohobych region at the Medyka station. When Medyka went to Poland, Gaidarev ended up in the city of Mostiska in the Lvov region. Until 1950, he fought against Ukrainian nationalists in western Ukraine. Has government awards. Served seven and a half years.
Nikolay Vlasovich Grigoriev
Drafted in November 1944. He served as a mechanic - driver of a T - 31 tank. Was demobilized in May 1951.
Genrikh Vasilievich Korablin
Genrikh Vasilievich Korablin was born in the village of Markinskaya, Tsimlyansk region in 1928. At the age of 15, he went to work at MTS as a trailer operator. They took him to the army at the beginning of 1945, at the end of February he was already in the 83rd Infantry Regiment in Novocherkassk. Two weeks later, Korablin was sent to the signal troops in the village of Vorontsovo - Aleksandrovka, Stavropol Territory. He had 7 classes of education, but there was no certificate, they did not have time to issue it - the war began. He passed the exam in the army in a peculiar way - they gave the Constitution of the USSR in their hands - read it. I read it passably. In the unit, they learned to climb poles, studied telephone sets, including new induction phonics, which then came from America. He remembers when they learned about the Victory on May 9, 1945, the deputy regiment commander for political affairs Churkin jumped out of the headquarters, hugged the sentry.
The service went more smoothly, but there was a lot of work - they were restoring communication from Mineralnye Vody to Vorontsovo - Aleksandrovka. We began to receive government assignments - 200 km of new telephone communication from Baku. The poles were transported on buffaloes, hooked, lifted, everything was done by hand. It was very difficult to dig holes under the pillars - the ground in the mountains is rocky. We finished this line - they loaded some of them into wagons and transported them to Tbilisi. From the observation deck across the pass, the one where Pushkin met the train with the body of Griboyedov, they began to build a communication line. Before that, there were crooked pillars with one wire - and this was the government connection to Kirovokan. For replacing this line, the regiment commander received the Order of the Red Star, and the signalmen were given 15 days of vacation. Heinrich Korablin was then a junior sergeant, he was transferred to Krasnodar to a regimental school as a squad leader. Then, already from Krasnodar in 1948, and he went on his first vacation. For the first time after four years of service he was then at home.
Heinrich served in the army for 6 years and 1 month. He returned home as a sergeant in 1951, already in the village of Morozovskaya. The native village of Markinskaya no longer existed; the Tsimlyansk reservoir was built in its place. Genrikh Vasilievich went to the conductors, soon became a senior conductor, then he was going to study as a driver. He studied in the 7th grade of the evening school, and then went to the Voronezh school of machinists. On train practice, he was sent as a train driver at the Glubokaya depot. His future wife, a native of the village of Glubokoye, Valentina Zakharovna worked as an instructor at Soyuzpechat.
During his career, Genrikh Vasilyevich drove steam locomotives, diesel locomotives and electric locomotives. He has 8 medals, in 1976 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, a war and labor veteran.
Evgeny Alexandrovich Koshelev
Drafted in 1944, served in a fighter squad. He began his service in the 7th rifle training regiment. He visited Iran in the city of Kozvin, in the 90th separate brigade, where he ended the war. Demobilized in 1951.
Vasily Ivanovich Krepeshkov
Was drafted in 1943. A corporal, he served in the 42nd rifle regiment, then served as a cavalryman in the 30th, 89th, 7th border detachments on the border in Kazakhstan and Estonia. After demobilization, he worked as an assistant steam locomotive driver, a labor veteran.
Petr Nikolaevich Kucherov
Drafted in November 1944. He served in the artillery until May 1945. “During this time,” Pyotr Nikolayevich recalled, “not a single pound of dashing had to be sipped. Half of the country was destroyed, everywhere cold, hunger, and the army endured the same ... After all, the requirements were harsh and strict - systematic exercises, close to the combat situation. At any time of the day, a command comes in - "Combat alert!" I served in the artillery regiment of the RTK (reserve of the main command), which is armed with howitzer 122 mm and 152 mm and anti-tank 100 mm guns. Instantly it was required to build shelters for guns and manpower, and everything was built using the method of shovels and crowbars. These maneuvers were carried out 3-4 times a year at any time of the year, regardless of the weather: rain, snow, heat or cold. So the calluses for the service did not go away, and there were bloody ones ... After demobilization from the army, in a dream for another two years, he continued to carry out the commands of the commanders and demand from his subordinates. But thanks to the willpower acquired in the army and tough demands on myself, I still continue to live and benefit not only myself, but also those around me. "
Dmitry Methodievich Nikishin
Drafted in September 1944. He began his service in the 7th training rifle regiment in Mozdok. After the end of the war he was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet in the city of Sevastopol. Served for over 7 years. Demobilized in April 1951.
Alexander Matveevich Okuntsov
Drafted in May 1944. He served in the 149th separate rifle battalion. Demobilized in 1949.
Veniamin Pavlovich Ostashko
Drafted in November 1944 at the age of 17. He served in military unit 58105, for which he received two awards - medals "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." and For Victory Over Japan. Demobilized in 1953. Served for 9 years in various spare shelves.
Vladimir Sergeevich Polyakov
In March 1943, on a summons from the military registration and enlistment office, he was drafted into the army. He served in a fighter squad. They guarded trophy warehouses with weapons, Nazi henchmen - policemen and elders. Demobilized in April 1951.
Victor Ilyich Radaev
Drafted in September 1944. He graduated from the Kirovobad Aviation School, the Irkutsk Aviation School, served in the East Siberian Military District as an aviation mechanic, then as a senior aviation mechanic. He was demobilized due to illness in 1948.
Alexey Stepanovich Sokolenko
Drafted on November 29, 1944. He served in the 48th Reserve Artillery Regiment as a senior reconnaissance officer. Demobilized in 1951.
Sergey Savelievich Tatarinov
Drafted in May 1943. He served as a border gunner in the 42nd border regiment. Demobilized in October 1952.
Ivan Ivanovich Chernoivanov
He began military service at the age of 16. He served in a fighter battalion at a district police station in one of the districts of the Rostov region. The battalion fighters guarded state institutions, conducted raids in the forests, catching deserters and bandits. The battalion was in the barracks position, it had 3 platoons. In November 1944, Ivan was drafted into the Red Army. He ended up in the artillery division of the 61st training rifle regiment, and after training in the 181st artillery mortar regiment, after the disbandment of which - in 2014, the anti-aircraft artillery regiment in the Far East - Kuznetsovo station on the Suchan River. In 1947 he was transferred to Germany. Demobilized in June 1951. In the photo, Ivan Ivanovich is the first on the right, in a cap.
These are rather scanty information left to us about the soldiers of the last draft - our fellow countrymen. Few people knew about them, they did not write about them in the newspapers. Only in recent years I.A.Filtsov, being the chairman of the Council of Veterans of Railway Workers and the chairman of the Council of Veterans of the last draft of the village of Glubokoye, tried to draw attention to their considerable services to the Motherland and to their needs. It was then in 2002 that his article “They were only seventeen” was published in the regional newspaper “Zemlya”.
The last military call - beardless boys,
The last victim of that country
Thirsty blood, war.
The last line of defense of courage not sniffing gunpowder
The last desperate step towards that victorious spring!
The boys in the photo are standing, just boys and badass,
They laugh at something excitedly and are proud of their form.
And how many of those young messengers of peace will remain there,
At the end of this terrible war, boys, almost children ...
Those who have fallen, do not build houses and plant a garden,
And never learn the sacred secret of love ...
They laugh, not knowing that bullets and rewards await them,
That the last terrible days await them for a righteous battle.
"Thank you" - I want to say for this boyish feat,
Which fans of computer games never dreamed of!
Let them be scared at times, and yet, these are heroes!
We are grateful to them for the fact that we have peace for 70 years!
Then they protected us with ranks of thin shoulders,
Filling the beating of young hearts with the last force!
The last military call ... The boys in the photo froze ...
They are laughing at something ... And there is my father among them ...
Svetlana Lisienkova
References:
1. Zhukov, G.K. Memoirs and reflections [Text] in 2 volumes / G.K. Zhukov // M .: "Publishing house of the Novosti Press Agency", 1987.
2. Filtsov, I. A. The road of life [Text]: booklet / I. A. Filtsov // Glubokiy settlement / MUK "Department of culture, physical culture and sports of the administration of the Kamensky district", 2011. - 71p.
3. Filtsov, I. A. They were only seventeen [Text] / I. A. Filtsov // Earth. - 2002, April 19 (No. 44), April 24 (No. 45) - P. 2, 3.
4. Materials and photographs from the personal archive of a war veteran, chairman of the Council of veterans of the last draft of the village of Gluboky, IA Filtsova.
Electronic resources:
1. The last military appeal [Electronic resource] Wikipedia
(https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Military_Discription), free. - Date of treatment 05/30/2016.
2. Kanasheva, L. The last military appeal. [Electronic resource] /
(http://www.proza.ru/2011/02/18/1281) Date of treatment 05/30/2016.
3. Lisienkova, Svetlana. The last military call. [Electronic resource] / (http://www.stihi.ru/2015/02/21/9492) Date of treatment 05/30/2016.
4. Rybalko, N. Remember them [Electronic resource] / Newspaper of the Donbass State Machine-Building Academy http://www.dgma.donetsk.ua/~np/2010/2010_08/13.htm Date of treatment 05/30/2016.
5. Tambov soldiers of the last military draft. [Electronic resource] / State archive of social and political history of the Tambov region. (http://gaspito.ru/index.php/publication/35-statyi/491-prizyv) / Retrieved 05/30/2016.
Photos from the archives of the WWII participant Ivan Avdeevich Filtsov, and also provided by the newspaper of the Kamensky district "Earth". The library expresses special gratitude to the newspaper employee Elena Andreeva for the help.
Topic "Great Training Camps" 1941 well illustrates the thesis "Half-truths are worse than lies".
Information about the spring and summer of 1941 in the Soviet Union of training camps for military service reserves was mentioned in the pages of memoirs and research works of the Soviet period - however, almost always in the context "in connection with the growing threat of fascist aggression, the Soviet military and political leadership took measures to increase the combat readiness of the troops.":
"Along with the movement of troops from the internal districts to the border ones in May - June 1941, other measures are being taken to increase the combat readiness of the Soviet Armed Forces ... According to the mobilization plan, approved in February 1941, in late May - early June, a call-up is carried out 793 , 5 thousand reserves liable for military service, which made it possible to staff 21 divisions of border districts to full wartime staff, as well as significantly replenish other formations, artillery units, air defense forces and fortified areas "- Zakharov "General Staff in the Pre-War Years" - M.: Voenizdat, 1989.
"In connection with the growing threat of aggression from fascist Germany, the People's Commissariat of Defense and the General Staff not only made adjustments to the developed operational and mobilization plans to repel the inevitable attack on our country, but, on the instructions of the Central Committee, the party and government carried out a number of very important measures from these plans, aimed at strengthening the defenses of our western borders ... In May - early June 1941, about 800 thousand people from the reserve were called up for training camps, and all of them were sent to replenish the troops of the border western military districts and their fortified areas. The Central Committee of the Party and the Soviet government carried out a number of other serious measures in order to further increase the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the armed forces ... "- Vasilevsky "The Work of All Life" - M.: Politizdat, 1978.
"In connection with the aggravation of the situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet government have taken urgent measures to increase the combat readiness of the Red Army since the end of April 1941. In May-June, the People's Commissariat of Defense in accordance with the mobilization plan approved by the Council of People's Commissars back in February 1941. , carried out a number of mobilization measures ... Since the end of May, 793 thousand Soviet citizens from the reserve began to be conscripted to undergo training camps. "- "The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945: A Brief History" - M.: Military Publishing, 1984.
"In connection with the aggravation of the general situation, the Communist Party and the Soviet government from the end of April 1941 urgently took measures to increase the combat readiness of the Soviet Army and the Navy. Large mobilization measures were carried out secretly from the enemy. In May and early June it was about 800 thousand people liable for military service were called up from the reserve.- "History of the Second World War 1939-1945. Volume 3. The beginning of the war. Preparation of aggression against the USSR" - M.: Voenizdat, 1974, p. 439-440.
The above quotes clearly link the fees of those liable for military service with the reaction to "the growing threat of fascist aggression", on the one hand, and with mobilization activities- with another. Against this uniform background, the mention of training camps in Zhukov's memoirs looks like a dissonance: "In the middle of March 1941, SK Timoshenko and I asked for permission from JV Stalin to call on the assigned reserve personnel for rifle divisions in order to be able to retrain them in the spirit of modern requirements. At first, our request was rejected. We were told that the draft a reserve staff of this size may give the Germans a reason to provoke a war, but at the end of March it was decided to call in five hundred thousand soldiers and sergeants and send them to the border military districts for replenishment in order to bring the number of rifle divisions to at least 8 thousand people. not to return to this issue, I will say that a few days later it was allowed to call in another 300 thousand assigned personnel for staffing with specialists for fortified areas and other branches and branches of the armed forces, artillery of the reserve of the High Command, engineering troops, signal troops, air defense and rear services of the military air forces. So, on the eve of the war, the Red Army received an additional about 800 thousand people. The training camp was planned to be held in May-October 1941 "- Zhukov "Memories and Reflections. In 2 volumes" - M.: Olma-Press, 2002.
Crown of development line response to the growing threat of fascist aggression was the coverage of the issue of training camps in 1941 in the collection "1941 - lessons and conclusions": "In mid-May, the Deputy Chief of the Operations Directorate, Major General A.M. Vasilevsky, together with the Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Lieutenant General N.F. not to give such advantages to the enemy, it was proposed to conduct covert mobilization under the guise of "large training camps", to get the missing number of horses and vehicles from the national economy and to move the troops to the border ... In April - May 1941, the People's Commissariat of Defense and the General Staff adopted the decision on the submitted note and began to carry out, with the consent of the government, the covert mobilization of the military reserve under the cover of “large training camps.” The task was to strengthen military units and formations in 14 military districts. In total, over 802 thousand people were called up for training camps before the declaration of war. , which was 24% of the assigned personnel by m checkpoint MP-41. These measures made it possible to strengthen half of all rifle divisions (99 out of 198), intended mainly for operations in the West. At the same time, the composition of the rifle divisions of the border districts with a staffing of 14,483 people was increased: 21 divisions - up to 14 thousand people, 72 divisions - up to 12 thousand people and 6 rifle divisions - up to 11 thousand people. At the same time, units and formations of other branches of the armed forces and branches of the Armed Forces were replenished ... "- "1941 - lessons and conclusions" - M.: Military Publishing, 1992.
The wave of revisionism that swept through the history of the Great Patriotic War in dashing nineties ™, gave the issue of the 1941 training camp a new sound: now the listed quotes were used to prove secret mobilization of the Red Army for a sudden, unprovoked strike against Germany. The mousetrap, cocked back in the sixties, slammed shut with a death knell:.
However, it should be admitted that both the "traditionalists" and the revisionists are discussing without involving documents on the training camp of 1941; familiarization with them paints a completely different picture.
For the first time, the publication of an extract from the protocol of the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from 8 March 1941:
"
On the training camps of the liable military reserve in 1941
and attracting horses and vehicles to collect from the national economy.
To approve the following draft resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR: "The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decides:
1. Allow non-profit organizations to call for military training in 1941 in the military reserve in the amount of 975.870 people, of which:
for a period of 90 days - 192.869 people
for 60 days - 25,000 people
for 45 days - 754.896 people
for 30 days - 3.105 people
2. Allow non-profit organizations to attract 57,500 horses and 1,680 cars for training camps from the national economy for a period of 45 days, with distribution by republics, territories and regions according to the appendix.
3. Fees to spend:
a) in reserve rifle divisions in three stages:
first stage - from May 15 to July 1
the second stage - from July 10 to August 25
the third stage - from September 5 to October 20;
b) in rifle divisions of six thousand in the period - from May 15 to July 1;
c) in rifle divisions of three thousand personnel in the period - from August 15 to October 1;
d) carry out other fees in turns throughout 1941.
4. To exempt from training camps in 1941 workers and engineering and technical workers:
People's Commissars of the aviation, shipbuilding, chemical industries, ammunition, weapons and communications;
Kharkov plants # 183 and 75, Leningrad # 174, Moscow # 37, Kharkov and Stalingrad tractor plants, bearing plants GP31 and GP32;
the fuselage shop of the Kharkiv Hammer and Sickle plant of the People's Commissariat for Sredmash;
Kirov plant of the People's Commissariat for Tyazhmash;
NII-20, special shops of small series of the "Electrosignal" plant, factories No. 197 and 203 of the Narkomelektroprom;
Kolchuginsky plant them. Ordzhonikidze, Leningrad factories "Krasny Vyborzhets" and them. Voroshilov Narkomtsvetmet, as well as all tractor drivers, combine operators for the period of the spring sowing and harvesting campaigns.
5. Provision of food for those conscripted for training, to make from the funds of the NCO within the limits allocated for the training in 1941, 145,000 annual food rations.
6. To attribute the costs associated with the maintenance of people and horses involved in the training camp, at the expense of the NGO estimates for the maintenance of the Red Army for 1941 "" - "1941" - M.: MF "Democracy", 1998. If we compare the decision of the Politburo with the conclusion voiced 20th March 1941 Head of the Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Red Army F.I. Golikov in a report to the NKO, SNK and Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks ( "... the most probable date for the start of action against the USSR will be the moment after the victory over England or after the conclusion of an honorable peace for Germany. Rumors and documents that speak of the inevitability of a war against the USSR this spring should be regarded as misinformation emanating from the British and even, perhaps, German intelligence "), then the version about the "mobilization" nature of the training camp in 1941 acquires the visible features of noble madness: the Soviet leadership decides to carry out mobilization measures as a response to information perceived as "misinformation emanating from British and even, perhaps, German intelligence" !
The directives on conducting training camps sent by the General Staff of the Red Army to the military districts in late March - early April 1941, laid out in, allow an unambiguous negative answer to the question of whether these fees were "mobilization activities" or even "covert mobilization under the guise of" large training camps "" "1941 - lessons and conclusions"... To do this, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the instructions monotonously repeated in directives:
- "The military council of the district / front, taking into account the interests of the national economy and local conditions, is allowed, without exceeding the total number of people involved in the training, to make its own changes in the specified dates for the training and in the number of people involved in each formation and separate unit.".
- "When organizing training camps, require unit commanders to notify in advance the heads of industrial enterprises, collective and state farms about the upcoming involvement of military personnel from these enterprises and farms in training camps.".
Yes, "such mobilization, mobilization", the timing of which, the number and composition of the "mobilized" are at the mercy of the command of the districts, depending on the haymaking and farrowing. "Such a secret, secret mobilization", about which the management of enterprises, collective farms and state farms is notified in advance.
A summary table of the distribution of those called up for fees by districts and categories -
| ArchVO | DVF | ZabVO | ZakVO | ZOVO | KOVO | LVO | MVO | ODVO | OVO | PrivO | SAVO | Siberian Military District | SKVO | URVO | HVO | Total | |
| Attributed composition of rifle divisions | 5000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10000 | 38000 | 17000 | 45000 | 10000 | 30000 | 15000 | 5000 | 10000 | 25000 | 20000 | 35000 | 265000 |
| Revised plan - before increase | 5000 | 0 | 0 | 5200 | 22000 | 61550 | 17000 | 53000 | 22000 | 38000 | 40000 | 5000 | 36000 | 46000 | 28000 | 51550 | 430300 |
| Modified plan - after enlargement | 6000 | 0 | 0 | 5200 | 24000 | 65550 | 20000 | 60000 | 24000 | 42000 | 42000 | 5000 | 36000 | 48000 | 30000 | 58550 | 466300 |
This information again correlates well with the memoirs of Zhukov, who mentioned permission "to call on another 300 thousand of the enlistment staff".
Returning to the thesis about half-truths that are worse than lies: as it is easy to be convinced, the training camp of 1941 had nothing to do with mobilization measures, their holding looks like a consequence, rather, of a change in the deployment scheme of the Red Army, rather than some foreign policy events ... but memoirists (for the most part) and researchers (especially from the military department) could not resist the temptation to present the Soviet military and political leadership as much more perspicacious and prudent than those - alas! - actually were. Accordingly, now revisionists of all stripes are happily waving quotations from memoirs and studies: in the USSR, there was a hidden mobilization! And since Soviet intelligence could not reveal the German preparations for the war, it means ... yes, yes, and because of the text, Vladimir Bogdanych's long donkey ears protrude from his "mobilization is war, and we cannot imagine another understanding of it" and the subsequent smooth transition to "the war that never happened" .
The five-minute hate is over.
Dixi
Let's honor a minute of silence to our fellow villagers who have not returned from the war. Auschwitz. Special edition of the newspaper. My native land. Glory Square. World War II veterans. Aircraft designers. Tragedy and feat of the people. Fascism. The Great Patriotic War. Artillery. Front roads of Khabarovsk. I.V. Stalin. G.K. Zhukov. Weapon of victory. A weapon of war. Food card. Medal for the fight. Memorial with. Krasnorechenskoe.
"Briefly about the war 1941-1945" - How many nameless heroes were there. Defenders of Stalingrad. June. Sobyanin died a heroic death. Generation of winners. 36 thousand schoolchildren were awarded orders and medals. Zina Portnova. Chuprov Alexander Emelyanovich. Leningrad blockade. Western Europe. Partisan detachments. Memory. Brest Fortress. Putilov Matvey. The Great Patriotic War. People. Twenty-seven million human lives were claimed by the war.
"The course of the Great Patriotic War" - Stalin's autograph: Victory at Stalingrad. Were there the means to defeat Germany? But everyone understands that the war is lost. Italy, Romania, Hungary and Finland also entered the war against the USSR. The production of tanks, ships, and ammunition developed at a rapid pace. The number of deserters is exceptionally high. Gko. Country in the late 30s. In its cruelty and fierce depravity. On April 16, 1945, the battle began.
"The Great Patriotic War" - April-May. Situation. Impossible task. Everything for the front. The initial period of the war. Summer-spring campaign. Soviet troops. Summer-autumn campaign. Third period of the war. Yalta conference. War of the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany. Political schools. Occupation regime. Joseph Stalin. The last military call. The Great Patriotic War. The end of the war. Offensive actions. Moldavian SSR.
"History of the Second World War" - Results of the initial period of the war. Millions of Soviet citizens ended up in the occupied territories. The invasion begins. North direction. Staff vacations were canceled from mid-June. He found himself in the blockade of Leningrad. On the morning of June 22, the Finnish army was sent to the Aland Islands. Blitzkrieg. The North-Western Front (commander F.I.Kuznetsov) was created in the Baltic States. Central direction.
"Great battles of the great war" - The Siege of Leningrad. Eternal Glory to the heroes! Victory parade. Defense of the Brest Fortress. May 9 - Victory Day. In the name of the living - Victory! The victorious outcome of the Battle of Stalingrad was of great military and political significance. Victory! The Battle of Kursk lasted forty-nine days - from July 5 to August 23, 1943. The city is a hero. On July 12, the largest oncoming tank battle in history took place in the Prokhorovka area. The 85-meter sculpture “Motherland Calls” crowns the memorial in the photo.