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Information about the distribution of the teaching load in secondary schools The regional department of the department posted it on its website.

Since the beginning of the school year, the management has received many questions from parents about the organization educational process and distribution of the teaching load of students in schools, the message says. Hygienic requirements for the educational process in schools are regulated by the document “Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Conditions and Organization of Education in General Educational Institutions.”

The number of hours allocated for lesson and extracurricular activities, should not collectively exceed the maximum weekly load.

In institutions with in-depth study In individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions operating in two shifts, training of the first, fifth, final ninth and 11th grades and compensatory education classes should also be organized in the first shift.

The maximum permissible load during the day is:

- for first grade students - no more than four lessons and one day a week - no more than five lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;

- for students in grades two to four - no more than five lessons and once a week six lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson during a six-day school week;

- for fifth- and sixth-grade students - no more than six lessons;

- for students in grades seven to eleven - no more than seven lessons.

Scientific research has established that the optimal level of mental performance in children is school age falls between 10:00 - 12:00. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of material is observed at the lowest psychophysiological costs for the body. Therefore, for first-grade students, the most difficult subjects must be taught in the second lesson; second to fourth grades - in the second and third lessons; for students in grades five to eleven - in the second to fourth lessons.

The mental performance of schoolchildren is not the same different days weeks. The level of performance increases by the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning of the school week, on Monday, and at the end, that is, on Friday. Therefore, the distribution of the teaching load during the week is structured in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday or Wednesday.

The duration of the lesson in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of first grade. Education of “first-graders” should be carried out in compliance with additional requirements:

— training sessions are conducted over a five-day school week and only during the first shift;

- a “stepped” teaching mode is used: in September and October - three lessons a day of 35 minutes each, in November-December - four lessons of 35 minutes each; in January-May - four lessons of 45 minutes each;

— training is carried out without scoring students’ knowledge and homework;

— additional week-long holidays are introduced in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of education.

The duration of breaks between lessons should be at least ten minutes; to organize meals for children after the second and third lessons, two breaks of 20 minutes each are established.

To satisfy the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, it is recommended to conduct at least three physical education lessons per week. It is recommended to put physical education classes among the last lessons. After them, there are no lessons with written assignments or tests.

The agency clarifies that in case of violation of these requirements in schools, you can submit a written statement to the Rospotrebnadzor office for the Tomsk region: the institution will be checked for compliance of its activities with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.

Study loads of schoolchildren

Currently, the problem of schoolchildren's health has reached the level of a political problem. And this is completely justified. The glaring figures showing the catastrophic state of health of school graduates are well known. It is clear that the reason for this is rooted not only in school: the decline in the quality of nutrition and the deterioration of health also contribute to this. environment, and increased social stress, but the school must also take on a greater share of responsibility.
One of the strongest factors in the deterioration of children's health is associated with excessive academic overload at school, and this has been discussed more than once by teachers, hygienists, physiologists, and psychologists. If a high school student has 32-36 academic hours of compulsory classroom training, plus he must spend 3-4 astronomical hours daily on homework, then his total weekly load is about 50 astronomical hours (at the same time, in accordance with all known reality, we believe that that homework is also done on weekends). And this is still a rather restrained quantitative assessment; many experts come to even more significant figures.
In addition, the student is between two (or more) lights. In the middle classes, parents understand perfectly well that all these volumes - required only in order not to get a bad grade, and 50-80% of the information studied are not needed by anyone (now the Minister of Education has recognized this fact) - nevertheless, do not give the child the opportunity to really learn something useful: foreign language, for example, music or computer. That’s why many children still use third-party, out-of-school educational services, in the public or private sector. In high school, it is clear to everyone that even if this “school Moloch” crushes you to the fullest, this does not provide any guarantees of continuing your education at a university; and therefore you need to study with tutors, at paid preparatory departments, etc. So the actual teaching load is even higher, according to some estimates it reaches 65-70 astronomical hours per week.

It is obvious that the workload of schoolchildren is already physically off scale beyond all possible medical and chronometric limits.
At the same time, teachers say that even with such a working week there is not enough time to “go through the program.” So maybe the program needs to be changed?

Let's considerone example directly related to both the problem of overload and the problem of scope educational programs, - namely the question of homework time. On the one hand, homework is obligatory (=forced); on the other hand, there is no norm here, even the simplest one - for the maximum possible duration.
Many are tempted to cope with the situation by invoking labor laws. Then, it seems, it is possible to limit the compulsory study load to the norms of maximum duration working week. For example, if the weekly academic load is 30 hours, then homework is a maximum of 11 hours, and it is prohibited to assign it on a day off.
This, of course, raises a number of technical questions (for example, whether a 45-minute academic hour is equal to 6 0 - minute astronomical, or recalculate in proportion 3/4; what to do with vacations, the total duration of which significantly exceeds the legally required minimum of 4 weeks of vacation, etc.).
However, the problem is much more difficult and, so to speak, hopeless. The fact is that from a legal point of view, studying is in no way work. Firstly, according to all Russian and international standards, labor legislation regulates the labor relations of employees (no lawyer would equate a schoolchild with an employee), but labor is performed by employees for remuneration; secondly, and this is the most important thing, forced labor is prohibited (for example, Labor Code, Article 2; European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Article 4, paragraph 2). But Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, similar to the basic laws of other countries, speaks of “the obligatory nature of the basic general education"Consequently, both according to the fundamental principle of the prohibition of compulsory (forced) labor, and according to the basic characteristics of labor as such, studying at school cannot be recognized as work and labor legislation cannot apply to it.

Thus, it is impossible to set an educational standard from the field of labor law. Consequently, an immanent task of the educational norm is necessary, namely from within educational law.
Let's say right away that - despite all the obviousness of the situation and the problem - there are many people (teachers, managers, methodologists, etc.) who are clearly against the introduction of homework standards. However, there is a class of people who were, are and will be against the introduction of any norms, everywhere and always.
To all this, one thing can be said - of course, there is a problem dosing homework is not an easy thing, but if you don’t try to introduce at least some kind of standard, then chaos arises. More precisely, it arose a long time ago.
Some regions, however, are beginning to do at least something. For example, Moscow recently issued an order to limit the duration of compulsory homework in the 11th grade. Namely, four things are established:

(1) homework is not given in subjects of the regional component;

(2) the duration of homework in a subject should not exceed 50% of the time volume of this subject per week (that is, for example, if there are 2x45 minutes per week for chemistry, then the total volume homework in chemistry should not exceed 45 minutes per week);

(3) the teacher should write down in the journal, next to the homework column, the approximate duration of the assignment;

(4) the student must record the actual time spent on the task in the diary.
There is no doubt that this measure is not 100% perfect. But at least it's something; further experience can show ways to improve it. By the way, there is indirect information that in the coming academic year this mechanism will be extended to other grades, not only to the 11th grade.
Another attempt was made in the federal bill “On ensuring the constitutional rights of citizens to general education” (introduced to the State Duma of the Russian Federation). This text suggested the following:
"Maximum (limit) norms of the total academic load, including classroom workload, time allotted for homework, other types of compulsory educational activities students are set in the following volume (classroom hours, per week):

in 1st grade – 24 (no homework provided);
in grades 2-4 – 26;
in grades 5-6 - 38;
in grades 7-8 - 42;
in 9th grade - 45;
in grades 10-11 – 48".
Take the volume of mandatory classroom workload (at least according to SanPiN) and subtract it from the indicated values ​​- you will get the maximum weekly amount of homework. Let us note that the developers of the bill understand that the proposed option also needs correction, even a purely quantitative one (and it will be made when the bill is finalized).

Peculiarities academic work schoolchildren doing homework

The modernization of secondary general education imposes a number of requirements not only on the revision of the content of education, but also, due to its complication, on the organization of educational work of schoolchildren, in particular, on the use of opportunities for this type of educational work such as doing homework.

In this regard, the results of a study conducted at the Research Institute of Psychology of Learning and Sociology of Education (now the Institute of Psychology of Learning (IPO)) of the Modern Humanitarian Academy (SHA) in 2003–2004 may be of interest. The study solved a number of problems, including determining the main types of academic homework, their relationships and completion time.

39 teachers and 295 Moscow schoolchildren took part in the study as respondents: 5th grade students - 118 people, 8th grade students - 100 people, 11th grade students - 77 people.

The age sections selected for the study, firstly, correspond to the age periodization accepted in Russian psychology: 5th grade (10–11 years) – early adolescence, 8th grade (13–14 years) – older adolescence, 11- 1st grade (16–17 years old) – early adolescence. Secondly, from a didactic point of view, 5th grade is the beginning of the middle stage of education, the emergence of a more prominent primary school, subject teaching; 8th grade is a time of stable adaptation to subject teaching in secondary school; 11th grade is the stage of completion of general secondary education, preparation for the transition to a new (university) level of education.

The sample included schoolchildren from three different types educational institutions secondary general education: gymnasium - 112 people, secondary school with in-depth study of aesthetic subjects - 119 people, secondary school - 64 people.

This study clarified and specified the most frequently used forms of homework in school practice. Thus, based on a survey of teachers, a rating was compiled of the forms of homework they prefer to use. He showed that the most popular Traditional tasks remain among teachers: working through textbook material discussed in class (69% of respondents prefer to use this task), and solving problems and exercises of various types (56% of respondents). At the same time, 44% of the teachers surveyed prefer tasks typical for the topic, easier ones – 23%, more difficult ones – 26%, and tasks increased complexity, which students had not encountered before, were noted in their preferences by only 1 person (3%).

The popularity of creative tasks (mentioned by 64% of respondents) is associated with trends recent years in pedagogy – by searching for ways to develop individual creativity students. Exercises and tasks of increased complexity, as well as special, non-traditional tasks, according to the survey, are practically not used in school practice or are used infrequently - by individual teachers in certain moments and conditions (3% of respondents - 1 person).

Table 1

Distribution of school teachers' preferences in using different forms of homework

% of quantity

respondents ( n =39)

% of the total number of elections ( n =158)*

Textbook material reviewed in class

Creative tasks

Problems and exercises of different types

The most typical tasks for this topic

Practical tasks

An easier part of the theoretical material that was not covered in class

Tasks and exercises similar to those completed, but more difficult

Tasks and exercises similar to those completed, but easier

Mostly theoretical material

Tasks and exercises of increased complexity that students have never encountered before

Other (indicated – “optional tasks”, subject – Russian language, literature)

Note. * – in the questionnaire the question was given in a closed form, you could select several answers, and total number elections amounted to 158.

In the course of processing the results obtained by questioning schoolchildren, the main types of educational work of schoolchildren and the time spent on them in the process of doing homework were identified (Table 2).

table 2

The average time spent by schoolchildren of different age groups on different types homework (in min.)

5th grades

8th grades

11th grade

Reading the text (paragraph) of a textbook

Solving problems or doing exercises

Learning (concepts, rules, definitions, laws, poems, words, etc.)

Answers to the questions in the paragraph

Creative assignment (essay, drawing, report, essay, etc.)

Working with additional literature

Work with contour maps, cards, workbooks and other aids

The table shows that, in general, for schoolchildren the longest time is homework with additional literature and creative assignments. At the same time, 5th grade schoolchildren spend the most time working with additional literature (35 minutes on average for all studied academic subjects), which can be explained by the novelty of this form of work for this age.

The survey showed that the time to complete a creative task gradually increases from one age group to another. It has its maximum value in 11th grade (47 minutes on average for all academic subjects). This is due to the fact that creative tasks vary greatly in level of complexity: in 5th grade they are used simple types(illustration, drawing, short essay), while in high school students master more complex, “adult” types of creative tasks (reports, essays, various kinds of projects, etc.), which prepare them for university types of academic work .

Very labor-intensive in terms of time, as can be seen from Table. 2, it turned out to be working with various aids (contour maps, cards, workbooks, tables). There is also a tendency for indicators to increase from one age group to another, due to the natural complication of educational tasks.

It is interesting that, according to the data obtained, clearly less time is spent on memorization in the 8th grade (16 minutes on average for all disciplines), while in the homework of students in the 5th and 11th grades it ranks third place in terms of time spent (23 minutes and 25 minutes, respectively).

This form of home study work, such as answering questions in a textbook paragraph, takes the least amount of time in all age groups.

The traditional types of tasks for mass schools, the most frequently used by teachers - reading a textbook and performing exercises and tasks - have average time indicators, ranging from 16-23 minutes, not exceeding the optimal range of 20-25 minutes.

Of greatest interest in the study were questions about time spent studying at home.

Calculations of average values ​​showed that, in general, the “average” schoolchild spends 1.9 hours on homework per day, while 5th grade schoolchildren spend an average of 1.7 hours; 8th grade schoolchildren – 2.2 hours; 11th grade schoolchildren – 1.9 hours. Thus, 8th grade students were the most burdened with homework.

Norms of educational time allocated for homework, defined in the Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN). So, in the 5th grade it should not exceed 2.5 hours, in the 8th grade - 3 hours, in the 11th grade - 4 hours. Consequently, the survey data show that, on average, schoolchildren’s homework time falls within the framework specified by the norms.

It was assumed that differences in school disciplines, due to the nature of their content, would also determine differences in the types of homework and the time it took to complete it. However, the findings showed that homework completion time did not vary greatly, neither by age group nor by subject. The average time range ranges from 20–30 minutes. The only ones that clearly stand out from this range are:

homework in a foreign language (43 min.) in 5th grade;

homework on literature (55 min.) and history (56 min.) in 11th grade.

In the first case, this may be due to the fact that it is in the 5th grade that the subject begins to be studied. If a foreign language is included in the primary school curriculum, then, with the exception of “language” special schools, it is taught at a conversational and game level, and serious study of language grammar begins in the 5th grade, which explains the large amount of time spent on home preparation.

In the second case, the increase in time spent on homework may be due to the fact that today universities with a humanitarian orientation are very popular among applicants, where the main entrance exams are history and composition (with mandatory knowledge of literature, analysis and criticism skills). This causes increased attention from teachers and graduates to developing skills in these disciplines during home school work.

When considering the allocation of time for different types of homework for different academic disciplines It turned out that the indicators often deviate from the discipline averages discussed above. At the same time, for 5th grade, the deviation interval ranges from 6–9 minutes. (both in the direction of increasing time and in the direction of decreasing it).

For 8th grade students, the most deviations were identified in textbook reading. There is also a reduction in time (relative to the average indicators for all disciplines) for reading a textbook in mathematics and the Russian language (by 8 and 7 minutes) and an increase in time for reading a textbook in the humanities - literature and history (by 10 and 5 minutes). . An increase in time is also observed during memorization: the same as in 5th grade - in literature (by 6 minutes) and in a foreign language (by 7 minutes). For 8 min. The time spent working with additional sources on literature increases for 8th graders.

The most pronounced deviations from the average disciplinary indicators of the time required to complete various tasks were among 11th grade schoolchildren. Thus, reading a textbook in mathematics and the Russian language decreases (by 10–11 minutes), but increases in literature (by 14 minutes) and history (by 17 minutes). The time for solving problems and exercises in mathematics increases (by 7 minutes), while it decreases by the same interval during educational work in biology. A significant decrease in time for memorization is observed in mathematics and the Russian language (by 9 minutes), chemistry (by 10 minutes) and biology (by 7 minutes). However, at the same time, the proportion of time spent memorizing history increases (by 33 (!) minutes). Also, the time for completing creative tasks in the Russian language (by 20 minutes) and literature (by 25 minutes) increases significantly (relative to the average indicators for all disciplines) while the time for the same form of homework in chemistry and physics is reduced (by 10 minutes) .).

The considered features show that when organizing a home independent work schoolchildren (within the framework of the class-lesson system), the lack of standards for the types and volumes of homework leads to the fact thateverything is determined by the teacher and his preferences.

By examining teacher preferences in the frequency of using various forms of homework, it was possible to establish that the most time-consuming tasks (for example, working with additional literature or a creative task) are not assigned to students every time or even every week. For example, teachers prefer to assign work with additional literature at home: in grades 5 and 8 - once a month (33% and 50% of respondents), or even once a quarter (19% and 35% of respondents) ; in 11th grade – mostly once a month (37%). A rather high figure (26% of respondents) for 11th grades was obtained in the “each lesson” column. Perhaps this is also due to the voluminous and intensive work of final year students in preparation for exams in history, mathematics, Russian language, literature, chemistry, biology and physics.

Teachers also prefer to give assignments for working with manuals (contour maps, workbooks, cards, tables, etc.) once a month: in the 5th grade - 45%, in the 8th grade - 46% and in the 11th grade – 37% of respondents. However, a large percentage of teachers use this task in every lesson (especially in the 11th grade). This can be explained by the fact that this form of work is mainly used in teaching disciplines in which classes are held 1–2 times a week (geography, physics, chemistry, biology, etc.). Therefore, here we can partly consider this answer to be classified under the “once a week” column.

As for creative assignments, teachers prefer to assign them at home even less often: no more than once a month, or even once a quarter or even once a year.

The study provided an opportunity to obtain data on other interesting questions– for example, on the correlation of various forms of homework with the phases of knowledge acquisition, on the distribution of time for completing homework by phases of knowledge acquisition, etc. (these issues will be reflected in other publications).

Within the framework of the topic of this article, the following research results can be noted:

1. It has been established that, in general, the “average” schoolchild spends about two hours on homework per day, with 8th grade students being the most loaded with homework. On average, home school work time for schoolchildren falls within the framework set by SanPiNs.

2. Revealed following features completing homework:

In general, for schoolchildren, the most time-consuming activities are homework with additional literature and creative assignments; at the same time, 5th grade schoolchildren spend the most time working with additional literature (35 minutes on average for all academic subjects studied);

the time to complete a creative task increases from one age group to another: it has its maximum value in 11th grade (47 minutes on average for all academic subjects);

The least amount of time in all age groups is occupied by this form of home study work, such as answering questions from a paragraph in a textbook.

3. The hypothesis was confirmed that the distribution of time for different kinds educational work in the process of students completing homework depends on the volume and predominant type of homework. In turn, due to the lack of standards, the types and volumes of homework are determined by the teacher.

4. It has been suggested that there is a pattern: the distribution of educational time (both in class work and in homework) changes during the transition from primary to secondary school, which is associated with changes in the nature and volume of educational work of schoolchildren.

The identified features can and should be taken into account for more effective construction of the educational process in educational institutions of secondary general education, to maintain a balance between various forms independent home study work for schoolchildren of different age groups. This meets the challenges of technologization of education.

On the other hand, the results and data obtained during the study can be useful in addressing issues of design and construction of the educational process, especially in conditions of specialization of educational institutions, which meets the goals of individualization of learning. Thus, the results of the study can be applied in solving the main problems of modernization of Russian education.

Annex 1.

Approximate standards for acceptable time spent by students on homework:

V primary school from 15 min. in 1st grade;

up to 30 (35) minutes in 3 (4) classes;

in middle and senior levels from 27 to 40 minutes.

Appendix 2.

The Russian language has its own standards for homework.

5th grade – 40-60 words (6-8 printed lines);

6th grade – 60-70 words (8-9 printed lines);

7th grade – 70-80 words (9-10 printed lines);

8th grade - 80-105 words (9-12 printed lines);

9th grade – 105-130 words (13-15 printed lines).

Appendix 3.

Approximate standards for acceptable time spent by students on homework various subjects:

Appendix 4.

Base of initial data necessary for calculating the maximum time for completing homework by students of a general education institution

1. The norms for the maximum permissible load of schoolchildren are regulated by the Sanitary Rules and SanPin Standards 2.4.2. - 576 - 96.

2. Giving homework is regulated by SanPin 2.4.2. - 576 - 96 within the following limits:

in 1st grade (from the second half of the year) - up to 1 hour,

in the 2nd - up to 1.5 hours,

at 3-4 until 2 o'clock,

at 5-6 until 2.5 o'clock,

at 7-8 until 3 o'clock,

at 9-11 until 4 o'clock.

3. Taking into account the difficulty of subjects according to SanPin standards 2.4.2. - 576 - 96 is recommended to be carried out on the basis of the table of I.G. Sivkov (1975), with additional assessment of modern subjects (computer science, specialized disciplines) of no less than 10 points.

Appendix 5.

Starting points, assumptions and calculation formulas for studying the time spent on homework by students

1. The calculation was made in accordance with methodological recommendations to prevent educational overload of students (Babansky Y.K. “Optimization of the educational process”):

no homework due on Monday;

do not give homework on drawing, singing, labor and physical education.

2. The calculation formula for the maximum time for completing homework in a conditional subject (for 1 lesson) has the form:

3. The calculation formula for the maximum time for completing homework, taking into account the difficulty of an individual subject (for 1 lesson), is as follows:

, Where
T ur - the required maximum time for completing homework (min.);

D- maximum time for completing homework during the week, according to hygienic requirements (hours).

B i - difficulty 1- th subject according to the table of Sivkov I.G. (points)

P i - To number of hours in the curriculum1- subject (for which homework is given).

Since the beginning of the school year, the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Tomsk Region has received many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the teaching load of students in schools.

Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process in schools are regulated by sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions.”

The number of hours allocated for classroom and extracurricular activities should not collectively exceed the maximum weekly educational load.

	Classes
		2-4kl.				8-9 grades	10-11 grades
with a 6-day week, no more
with a 5-day week, no more

In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions operating in two shifts, training of 1st, 5th, final 9th ​​and 11th grades and compensatory education classes should be organized in the first shift.

The maximum permissible load during the day is:

For 1st grade students - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day per week - no more than 5 lessons, due to a physical education lesson;

For students in grades 2 - 4 - no more than 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons due to a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;

For students in grades 5 - 6 - no more than 6 lessons;

For students in grades 7 - 11 - no more than 7 lessons.

Modern scientific research It has been established that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in school-age children falls within the interval of 10-12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of material is observed at the lowest psychophysiological costs for the body. Therefore, for students in grade 1, the most difficult subjects must be taught in lesson 2; 2-4 grades - 2-3 lessons; for students in grades 5-11 - in lessons 2-4.

The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week. Therefore, the distribution of the teaching load during the week is structured in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.

The duration of a lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of 1st grade. Training of “first-graders” is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:

Training sessions are conducted over a 5-day school week and only during the first shift;

Using a “stepped” teaching mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day of 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons of 45 minutes each) ;

Training is conducted without scoring students' knowledge and homework;

Additional week-long holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of education.

The duration of breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes; to organize meals for children, after lessons 2 and 3, two breaks of 20 minutes each are established.

To satisfy the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons per week. It is recommended that physical education classes be included among the last lessons; after physical education lessons, lessons with written assignments and tests are not held.

Important

Adults often complain about lack of time and recall their carefree childhood with nostalgia. In fact, for modern schoolchildren it is hardly cloudless. Thus, experts note that one of the main causes of health problems in schoolchildren is the so-called stress of time constraints. Over the past 50 years, the school load has more than doubled.

Accordingly, the amount of homework has increased. In addition to this, many schoolchildren attend sports clubs, a music or art school, various clubs and electives. As a result, in order to get everything done, they are forced to constantly rush; they have practically no time left that they could devote to rest or their own interests not related to studies.

Another problem is psychological pressure on schoolchildren from teachers and parents. Often the cause of stress is excessive demands regarding grades, sports achievements, success in music school...

The results of this are disappointing. According to research by physiologists, 40% of students primary classes there are signs of hidden or obvious neuroses. Among teenagers this figure reaches 70%. And the more “strong” the school, the more intense its training program, the higher the percentage.

Thus, for schoolchildren studying in schools with in-depth study of one or more subjects, by the end of the school week, quarter and year, their performance deteriorates significantly.

By the way

A serious risk factor for overexertion is the low physical activity of modern children. Today, children increasingly spend their leisure time not on a walk, but in front of a TV or computer screen. According to estimates by physiologists and pediatricians, in primary and secondary schools, the deficit in activity in children reaches 30-40%, in high school students - 80%.

Lack of movement has a bad effect not only on the physical, but also on the psychological state, because by running, jumping, playing outdoor games, or simply walking in the fresh air, the child relieves internal tension.

Note to mom

There are signs that indicate that a child is overtired and chronically stressed.

• He's not focused. When he sits down to do homework, he cannot concentrate on it for a long time, and teachers complain that he does not listen well in class and fidgets.
• In the evening, the child cannot fall asleep for a long time, although he may go to bed later than expected. During the day, on the contrary, he feels drowsy.
• The child has a poor appetite and is losing weight. So, in Moscow, according to statistics, up to 60% of first-graders lose weight by the end of the first quarter, although they are growing and should, on the contrary, gain kilograms.
• The elementary school student becomes agitated, while the teenager becomes irritated and rude, and experiences frequent mood swings.
• The child has a headache and periodically rises blood pressure. Girls are especially prone to pressure surges against the background of intellectual overload.

If any of these symptoms do not disappear within 1.5-2 weeks, you should consult a doctor. He can prescribe medications that help the body recover in a timely manner against the background of stress, as well as increase mental performance. A visit to the doctor is also necessary, because some of the manifestations of fatigue are very similar to the symptoms of a number of physical diseases, which are important to recognize in time.

SOS

Chronic overload often makes itself felt by colds, which the child catches one after another. The fact is that intellectual fatigue reduces the adaptive capabilities of the body, including the immune system.

Against the backdrop of educational stress, the number of chronic diseases is also increasing. Among them, respiratory and digestive diseases are in first place, cardiovascular disorders are in second place, and pathologies are in third place. nervous system and musculoskeletal system. According to statistics, during training the number of children who have chronic diseases, doubles.

Memo to parents

The student’s mom and dad have little influence on how lessons are taught at school, how many there are in the schedule, or how strictly the teacher asks. However, they have the power to ensure that the child avoids overload at home and in his free time from school.

• Make sure that your child does not spend a lot of time at the computer unless required. educational process. As a teenager, he should not sit in front of a monitor for more than an hour and a half. Children under 8 years old are allowed to spend about 40 minutes at the computer, children under 7 years old - no more than 20 minutes a day. If you need to sit at a monitor while doing a study task, it is important to take breaks of 10 minutes every half hour.
• Help your son or daughter find activities they enjoy. Often the child is “loaded” with classes in music or art school, and he is afraid to admit that he doesn’t like them. Talk to your child, find out what he is really interested in and encourage his creative aspirations. If a person is truly passionate about something, the load is easier to bear, and stressful situations less. But in any case, it is advisable that additional classes end no later than 19.00, otherwise there will be no time left for rest.
• Make sure your child follows a daily routine: wakes up, eats, and goes to bed at the same time. You should spend at least 8-9 hours a day sleeping.
• Always try to support your child. Encourage his successes and do not punish him for failures.
• Try to get your child to move more. If he is not athletic enough and does not participate in a sports section, go with him on picnics, hikes, and excursions. Physical activity, a change in activity and new experiences will have a beneficial effect on his nervous system.
• Pay attention to your child's nutrition. Its menu should contain enough complete protein (we get it from lean meat, fish, cottage cheese), complex carbohydrates (found in cereals, whole grain bread), as well as vitamins (we get it from vegetables, fruits, berries). Also, for good brain function, fatty acids are needed, which are found in fatty fish, unrefined vegetable oil, and nuts.

To make your child less tired when preparing homework, you need to take note of a few rules.

• It is advisable to start homework at 15.00-16.00. At this time, there is a natural physiological increase in performance.
• Before you start work, it is advisable to make a plan, prepare in advance everything you need: textbooks, notebooks, stationery.
• It is better to start with the subject for which preparing the task requires the most effort. It is also useful to alternate tasks in the exact sciences and the humanities.
• There should be no distractions near the table where the child does his homework: toys, the TV on, computer games.
• After 40-50 minutes of studying, you need to take a break for 10 minutes. At this time, you can drink water, stretch, do some physical exercise, or do eye exercises.
• In grades 2-3, a child should not devote more than 1.5 hours to preparing lessons, in grades 4-5 - 2 hours, in grades 6-8 - 2.5 hours, in grades 9-11 - 3.5 hours.

Drugs

Remember, self-medication is life-threatening; consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.

Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. How many children can there be in first grade? How many children are in the class? I'm interested in elementary school, my daughter is going to first grade, if nothing changes, there will be 33 children...

How many children are in the class? I'm interested in elementary school, my daughter is going to first grade, if nothing changes, there will be 33 children, this is this year Elementary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. The decision to admit such a child to first grade...

Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. So: Unified State Examination in Primary School? Next academic year Elementary school is already awaiting fourth-graders in 3 years.

In elementary school, the teacher taught a lot “above the program” and from different sources. teaching load in 1st grade. Tell me, if possible, with links. In our school back in MPEI in those years there was a very cool automated Primary school: acceptable...

teaching load in 1st grade. Tell me, if possible, with links. At our school we also had extracurricular activities with poppies. Workload in specialized schools. I want to know how it is in other schools. Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education.

Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. Where can I find out the standards for physical culture? Particularly arrogant mothers agree on part of the lessons (music, physical education) in the general class.

Standards for physical education in 4th grade. General development. Children's education. Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. Where can I find out the standards for physical education?

Chapter: School problems(maximum number of children in a primary school class). Primary school - number of children in class. Other classes have 24 and 25 people. They are already tired of writing and waiting for some changes to happen at school, they are not afraid of the department, so...

teaching load in 1st grade. Tell me, if possible, with links. In the second week of 1st grade, the following schedule was formed: Monday - 5 lessons (additional - ICT), Tuesday - 6 lessons (4 lessons, then a window, in the 6th lesson - German), Wednesday - 5 lessons...

Primary school: permissible loads. Where can I find out the standards for physical education? Physical education assessment upon release. in primary school in 1 year in trimester >.

September 1, 2012. Holidays. Children's education. Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. We were also warned that in 1st grade there would be 2 days of 5 lessons each. Well, where can I complain?

Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. We were also warned that in 1st grade there would be 2 days of 5 lessons each. Well, where can I complain? standards - first grade - number of lessons. How many lessons a day can a first grader have?

Good afternoon Tell me, who knows the permissible hours in the 5th grade during the six-day period? Since September 1, our Syllabus each school draws up for itself according to the approved program. And this program is mandatory for everyone...

Section: Lessons, after-school hours (norm of school hours for students). Study load standards for students Wed. schools. Students' academic loads should not exceed the maximum permissible loads determined by the school charter based on recommendations. It should be noted...

Class occupancy.. School. Child from 7 to 10. Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. The decision to admit such a child to first grade is made by the founder of the school.

Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. Also, according to the new sanitary standards, 35-minute lessons in elementary schools are allowed. I can judge for myself (I went to a music school, an art school, swimming, and skating, and I have to study a lot...

Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. Academic loads should not exceed the following standards: 1st grade, first quarter - three lessons every day and a mandatory dynamic hour How many hours per week in schools with...

Primary school: permissible loads. Requirements of the Ministry of Education. Domestic high school lowers the intellectual level of children coming from primary school. Conclusion: we need to kill the elementary school too.

Workload in primary school. ...I find it difficult to choose a section. Children's education. It says that “the maximum permissible classroom teaching load for a 6-day school week in the second grade is 25 hours,” “when this is indicated in the sanitary standards, see the link.