Correct answers are marked with "+"
1. The Tatar language belongs to
a) Indo-European,
B) Turkic,
c) Altai languages.
2. Agglutinative languages are characterized by
a) polysemy of affixes,
b) absence of suffixes,
C) unambiguity of affixes.
3. Phraseologism reach the handle- This
a) fusion,
B) unity
c) combination.
4. Word zashkvar- This
A) jargon
b) professionalism,
c) dialectism.
5. Japanese language uses
a) syllabic,
b) hieroglyphic,
B) syllabic and hieroglyphic writing.
6. Does not relate to the method of expressing grammatical meaning
A) reduction,
b) suppletivism,
c) reduplication.
Test.7. Interfix is used for
a) connections between prefix and root,
B) connections of two roots,
c) connecting the suffix and ending.
8. Meaning of the word plate'alien aircraft' is formed by
A) metaphorical transfer,
b) metonymic transfer
c) or is direct.
9. Select a row with languages of only the Indo-European family:
a) Greek, Armenian, Basque,
B) Greek, Latin, Sanskrit,
c) Latin, Aramaic, Gothic.
10. One of the theories of the origin of language is called
A) theories of labor cries,
b) theories of joint activity,
c) theories of ritual singing.
11. It is not a unit of grammar.
a) morpheme,
b) phrase,
B) phoneme.
12. Marxist theory the origin of the language is associated with the name
a) Marx,
B) Engels,
c) Lenin.
13. Concept language family typical for
A) genetic
b) typological,
c) linguistic and geographical classification of languages.
14. The idea of language as a sign system was laid down by
a) Wilhelm Grimm,
B) Ferdinand de Saussure,
c) Mikhail Lomonosov.
15. The linguistic relativity hypothesis assumes dependence
a) language depending on geographical location,
B) thinking from language,
c) language from thinking.
16. The emergence of comparative historical linguistics was influenced by research
A) Sanskrit,
b) Chinese characters,
c) languages of the peoples of Polynesia.
a) text,
B) offer,
c) a phrase.
18. Problems state languages is engaged
a) ethnolinguistics,
b) psycholinguistics,
B) sociolinguistics.
19 - Test. Euphemism is
a) geographically limited vocabulary,
B) a neutral word replacing a rude or inappropriate word,
c) the antonym of anachronism.
20. Dead languages include all languages in a row
a) Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
b) Sanskrit, Farsi, Hindi,
B) Latin, Gothic, Old Church Slavonic.
21. The main ways of expressing grammatical meaning for analytical languages:
A) word order in a sentence, function words,
b) word order in a sentence, affixation,
c) affixation, suppletivism.
22. English language refers to the number
a) synthetic,
B) analytical,
c) polysynthetic languages.
23. In what series are the representatives of structuralism named?
A) Vilem Mathesius, Roman Jacobson,
b) Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf,
c) Nikolai Trubetskoy, Alexander Potebnya.
24. Does not apply to the ways in which homonyms appear
a) the collapse of polysemy,
b) a random coincidence as a result of borrowing a word,
C) conscious replacement of a borrowing with an original word.
25. Transliteration is an exact ratio
a) between the sounds of two languages,
a) between the sounds of one language and the letters of another,
B) between the written characters of two languages.
Test - 26. Diacritics in writing are
a) signs that clarify or change the meanings of other signs, +
b) synonym for punctuation marks,
c) only accent marks.
27. Do not refer to outdated vocabulary
a) archaisms,
B) neologisms,
c) historicisms.
28. Phraseologism – unit
A) vocabulary,
b) morphology,
c) syntax.
29. Polysemy is
a) polyphony,
b) polysyllabicity,
B) ambiguity.
30. Not a generally recognized language family
a) Turkic,
B) Nostratic,
c) Semitic-Hamitic.
Subject: General linguistics
Section 1. History of linguistics
Topic 1. Introduction
1. The function of language that influences the addressee is
J cognitive
Jcommunicative
R appellative
J metalinguistic
2. Learns the language from different sides
R linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
3. Considers language as a means of expressing the content of a work
J linguistics
Rliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
4. Sees in language forms of expression of units of thinking
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
R logics
J psychology
J philosophy
5. Studies issues of speech production and perception
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
R psychology
J philosophy
6. Creates a general methodology for language research
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
R philosophy
7. From a structural point of view, linguistics is divided into
8. From the point of view of specific languages, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
RRussian studies, German studies, novel studies, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
9. From the point of view of functioning and social variation, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novel studies, etc.
Rdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
10. From the point of view of methodology and techniques for describing language, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novel studies, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Rpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
Topic 2. Linguistic teachings in ancient world
11. The creation of reference books on various branches of science is typical primarily for
Rancient egypt
J ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient Greece
12. Panini's grammar was created in
R ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient Greece
13. The concept of zero morpheme appeared in
R ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
14. The theory of parts of speech originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
15. The dialogue "Cratylus" was created in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
16. Rhetoric as a science originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
17. Grammar teaching originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient Greece
J ancient Rome
Topic 3. Linguistic ideas of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
18. The dispute between nominalists and realists in the Middle Ages contributed to the development of problems
Rlinguistic meaning
Jphonetic laws
Jparts of speech theories
J syntax
19. Arabic linguistics of the Middle Ages used the results
RIndian linguistic tradition
JChinese linguistic tradition
JJapanese linguistic tradition
JJewish linguistic tradition
20. For the first time in the history of modern culture, the question of folk and literary languages was raised
J in France
J in Germany
R in Italy
J in Russia
Topic 4. LinguisticsXVII – XVIII centuries
JJ.-J. Rousseau and I. Herder
RA. Arnaud and K. Lanslo
JA. Arnaud and P. Nicole
JI. Herder and A. Arno
R I.Yu.Scaliger
J I. Herder
J M.V. Lomonosov
J G.W. Leibniz
23. A supporter of the phonetic principle of Russian spelling was
J M.V. Lomonosov
RV.K. Trediakovsky
J M. Smotritsky
J A.Kh.Vostokov
24. Came up with the idea of creating a universal means of communication based on means that act as natural language,
R F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
25. Proposed the idea of creating a philosophical language based on a small number of elementary units
J F.Bacon
R R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
26. Tried to understand the essence of human thinking through the study of language
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
27. The impetus for the development of symbolic logic was given by ideas
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosova
28. The task of comparing all modern languages peace among themselves, as well as with their earlier forms, was first put forward
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
29. For the first time he pointed out the relationship between the Slavic languages, as well as between Russian, Latvian, Greek, Latin and German
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
30. For the first time about the relationship of Sanskrit with Greek and Latin languages stated
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R W.Jones
Topic 5. LinguisticsXIX century
31. Did not stand at the origins of comparative historical linguistics
J R.K.Rask
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J J. Grimm
R A. Schleicher
32. The idea that all European languages were based on four “mother languages” was proposed by
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R I.Scaliger
33. Divided all the languages of the world into Aramaic and Scythian groups
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
34. Established that all Slavic languages come from Common Slavic,
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
35. M.V. Lomonosov compared languages mainly based on material
Jnouns
J verbs
J pronouns
R numerals
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W.Jones
R F. Schlegel
37. The term “Indo-Germanic languages” was introduced into scientific circulation
J F.Bacon
J R.Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W.Jones
R F. Schlegel
R R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
R F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
R J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
R A.Kh.Vostokov
42. The task was to reveal the secret of the origin of inflection
J R.K.Rask
R F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
43. F. Bopp in his research focused on
J phonetics
J vocabulary
R morphology
J syntax
J R.K.Rask
R F. Bopp
J J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
45. Three stages of development of human language: creation, flourishing of inflection and the desire for clarity highlighted
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
R J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
46. The law of movement of consonants suggested
J R.K.Rask
J F. Bopp
R J. Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
47. The founder of scientific etymology is considered
R A.F. Pott
J G. Kurtsius
J A.Kun
J A. Schleicher
48. The founder of linguistic paleontology and comparative mythology is
J A.F. Pott
J G. Kurtsius
R A.Kun
J A. Schleicher
Topic 6. Wilhelm von Humboldt - founder of theoretical linguistics
49. The emergence of the concept of “internal form” is associated with the name
J F. Bopp
RW. von Humboldt
J F. de Saussure
J A. Schleicher
50. The desire of the human spirit to free itself from language is, according to W. von Humboldt, an antinomy
Rinextricable unity and inconsistency of language and thinking
J language and speech
Jspeech and understanding
Jcollective and individual in language
Topic 7. Naturalistic concept of language
51. The "family tree" theory was proposed
R A. Schleicher
J I. Schmidt
J A.F. Pottom
J G. Curtius
R A. Schleicher
J I.Schmidt
J A.F. Pott
J G. Kurtsius
Topic 8. Logical concept of language
53. B XIXcentury, the largest representative of the logical direction in Russian linguistics was
R F.I. Buslaev
J V.I.Dal
J N.A.Dobrolyubov
J I.I.Sreznevsky
Topic 9. Psychological concept of language
54. The representative of the psychological direction in linguistics was
R A.A.Potebnya
J F.I. Buslaev
J A.A.Shakhmatov
J A.M.Peshkovsky
55. The psychological direction in linguistics included
JMoscow Linguistic School
RKharkov Linguistic School
JKazan linguistic school
JPrague Linguistic School
Topic 10. Aesthetic concept of language
56. Emphasized the study of language from its expressive function
J A. Schleicher
R K. Vossler
J G. Schuchardt
J R. Mehringer
Topic 11. Neogrammatism
57. At the center of the teaching is the concept of grammatical form
Jrepresentatives of the Kazan linguistic school
Jrepresentatives of the Prague Linguistic School
Rrepresentatives of the Moscow Linguistic School
Jrepresentatives of the Copenhagen Linguistic School
58. Phoneme theory was developed in
JSt. Petersburg linguistic school
JKharkov linguistic school
59. The founder of the Moscow linguistic school was
R F.F. Fortunatov
JI.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
J L.V.Shcherba
J A.M.Peshkovsky
60. Representatives of the Leipzig linguistic school belonged to
Rneogrammatical direction in linguistics
Jpsychological direction in linguistics
Jstructural linguistics
Jlogical direction in linguistics
Topic 12. Linguistics of the endXIX- early 20th century
61. Phoneme theory was developed in
JMoscow linguistic school
RKazan linguistic school
JLeipzig Linguistic School
JLondon Linguistic School
Topic 13. Linguistics of the twentieth century. Structuralism of Ferdinand de Saussure
62. The terms “figure, determination, constellation” are used in
Jfunctional linguistics
Jdescriptive linguistics
R glossematics
Jgenerative grammar
63. The founder of the Prague Linguistic School is
J A.Martine
J A.Meye
R V. Mathesius
J N.S.Trubetskoy
64. Does not apply to structuralist
RMoscow School of Linguistics
JCopenhagen School of Linguistics
J Prague school linguistics
JAmerican linguistics
65. Franz Boas, Edward Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield were the founders
Rdescriptive linguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jfunctional linguistics
Jsociolinguistics
66. Generative semantics is being actively developed mainly
R in USA
J in Russia
J in France
J in Germany
67. The main goal of revealing internal relationships and dependencies of language components was
Rstructural direction of linguistics
Jpsychological direction of linguistics
Jlogical direction of linguistics
Jareal direction of linguistics
68. The basic principles of functional linguistics were formulated
J R.O.Yakobson
J N.S. Trubetskoy
J S.O.Kartsevsky
R V.Mathesius
Topic 14. Domestic linguistics of the 20-90s of the twentieth century
69. The founder of the Japhetic theory was
R N.Ya.Marr
J E.D.Polivanov
J I.I. Meshchaninov
J V.V.Vinogradov
Section 2. Theory of language
Topic 15. The nature and essence of language
70. The main function of language is
Rcommunicative
J metalinguistic
J cognitive
J emotional
71. Influencing a person with the help of language is
Rcommunicative function of language
Jmetalinguistic function of language
Jcognitive function of language
Jemotional function of language
72. The hypothesis according to which language arose at a certain stage of development of society in connection with the need for the communication process is called
J logosic
Jonomatopoeic
J interjection
R social
Topic 16. Significance of language
73. A property of a linguistic sign is not
Junmotivated sound side in relation to real things
Jability to enter into linear relationships with other signs
Jvariability over time when the conditions of its use change
Rdirect display of real things
74. According to the method of sign formation, signs are divided into
75. According to the completeness/incompleteness of the generation process, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Rcomplete and incomplete signs
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
76. According to their correlation/disconnection with the act of speech, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jcomplete and incomplete signs
Rpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
77. Based on the totality of their main characteristics, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jcomplete and incomplete signs
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Rcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
78. Proper names as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Ridentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
79. Numerals as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Rquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
80. Personal pronouns as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
R deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
81. Prepositions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
82. Conjunctions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitutive
83. Are part of an object or phenomenon that people perceive and study
R sign signs
J signs-signals
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
84. Unmotivated sound, visual or other conventional signs that convey information are
J sign signs
R signs-signals
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
85. Visually motivated conventional signs that convey information are
J sign signs
J signs-signals
R signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
86. Secondary signs that replace not objects, but primary signs are called
J sign signs
J signs-signals
J signs-symbols
Rsubstitute signs
Topic 17. Language as a system
87. Paradigmatic relations between units of language are
88. Syntagmatic relations between units of language are
Rthe ability of elements to combine with each other
Jrelationship of structurally simpler linguistic units with a more complex unit
Jrelations of choice, associations, they are based on the similarities and differences between signifiers and signified units of language
Jthe ability of linguistic elements to replace each other
89. The language system consists of more specific systems called
R levels
J structures
J segments
J components
90. The particular systems that make up a language are called
J structures
R levels
J segments
J components
91. Does not apply to the basic levels of the language
J phonetic
J morphemic
J lexical
Rmorphonological
J syntactic
Topic 18. Language and speech
92. The concept of language and speech was differentiated
R F. de Saussure
J L.V.Shcherba
J F.F. Fortunatov
JI.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
Topic 19. Language and society
93. The relationship between language and society is studied in
Rsociolinguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jareal linguistics
Jcontrastive linguistics
94. Social changes are directly reflected in
R vocabulary
J phonetics
J morphology
J syntax
95. Does not fall within the scope of language policy
Jalphabet creation
Jlanguage codification
Jspelling reform
Jpunctuation reform
Rterritorial stratification of language
Topic 20. Language and thinking
96. The relationship between language and thinking is studied in
Jsociolinguistics
Rpsycholinguistics
Jneurolinguistics
J psychosemantics
Topic 21. Phonetics
97. It is not a sign of a phoneme
Jphoneme as an abstract unit of language is contrasted with sound as a concrete unit
JA phoneme is a unit of the sound structure of a language that serves to recognize and distinguish significant units
Jallophones of one phoneme form the region of its realization
Rphoneme is a specific unit of speech flow
Topic 22. Lexicology
98. The main nominative unit of the language is
J phoneme
J morpheme
R word
J phrase
Topic 23. Word formation and grammar
99. Has a general categorical meaning of pronominality
R pronoun
J adverb
J modal word
Topic 24. Social and functional structure of languages
100. The highest form of a common language is
Jlanguage fiction
J vernacular
J dialect
Topic 25. Classification of languages and methods of their research
101. Sanskrit is included in
RIndian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JIranian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JGreek group of the Indo-European language family
JGermanic group of the Indo-European family of languages
102. Sociological classification of languages is
J
J
J
R
103. Genealogical classification of languages is
Rthe study and grouping of world languages based on the determination of family ties between them
Jestablishing similarities and differences between languages based on characteristics that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jestablishing the type of languages by its structure
Jdetermining the type of languages according to the function they perform in society
104. Morphological classification of languages
Jdetermines the type of languages based on the function they perform in society
Jgroups the languages of the world based on determining the relationships between them
Restablishes similarities and differences between languages based on characteristics that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jsets the type of language depending on the degree of relationship
105. The Nostratic macrofamily does not unite
JKartvelian and Uralic languages
JDravidian and Altaic languages
JAfroasiatic and Indo-European languages
RIndo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages
106. Amorphous languages are languages
J
J
R
J
107. Inflectional languages are languages that
Rwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by function words for significant words, the order of significant words, and the intonation of the sentence
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by joining one word to another, or by using function words
Jin which affixes are single-functional
108. Analytical languages are languages that
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by joining one word to another, or by using function words
Rin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by function words for significant words, the order of significant words, and the intonation of the sentence
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through the forms of the word itself
109. Polysynthetic languages are the same as
Janalytical languages
Jinflected languages
Rincorporating languages
Jamorphous languages
110. Incorporating languages are the same as
Rpolysynthetic languages
Janalytical languages
Jinflected languages
Jagglutinative languages
111. Slavic languages belonging to the Indo-European family do not form a subgroup
Rnorthern
Jsouthern
Jwestern
Jeastern
112. French refers to
JGermanic branch of the Indo-European family
RRomanesque branch of the Indo-European family
JSlavic branch of the Indo-European family
JIranian branch of the Indo-European family
Topic 26. Letter
113. Conveys the sound appearance of a word
Rphonographic letter
Jideographic letter
Jpictographic letter
Jcuneiform writing
Section 3. Methodology
Topic 27. Language research methods
114. The technique of internal reconstruction is part of
Jtypological method
Jdescriptive method
Rcomparative historical method
Jareal method
115. Studies the geographical distribution of certain linguistic phenomena
Rareal linguistics
Jcomparative studies
Jtypological linguistics
Jcomparative linguistics
Current page: 1 (book has 5 pages in total) [available reading passage: 1 pages]
Olesya Vladimirovna Yudaeva
Tests in the discipline “Introduction to Linguistics”
Preface
The course “Introduction to Linguistics” is a propaedeutic linguistic discipline designed to provide a starting methodological and general theoretical basis for the formation of a broad philological outlook for future translators. By giving students scientific ideas about the essence of language, its place in the system of culturally significant means of communication, about the method of scientific representation and description of language, about the relationship between the history of society and the history of language, language and thought, language and culture, revealing applied issues of linguistics, this course promotes development of the scientific worldview of students as a result of mastering theoretical knowledge about language and developing practical skills in speaking a foreign language.
Thus, the course “Introduction to Linguistics” is closely related to the study of private linguistics (theoretical phonetics, lexicology and phraseology, theoretical grammar, history and stylistics of the language being studied) and the practical development foreign languages, and this connection is two-way in nature. The course “Introduction to Linguistics” at the initial stage of training creates a theoretical basis for studying the theory and practice of foreign languages and creates the prerequisites for further linguistic development and professional improvement of students.
The modern education system requires constant monitoring of the process of students’ learning theoretical foundations disciplines studied. As practice shows, in many educational systems Not only in our country, but also abroad, today a control method such as a test is actively used. Its undoubted advantages include efficiency in application, relatively low labor costs in processing, objective nature of evaluation criteria, etc.
This manual is a collection of training tests in the discipline “Introduction to Linguistics”.
Test tasks are developed taking into account the structure and content of basic textbooks and teaching aids in the discipline being studied.
The use of the collection by teachers and students makes it possible to solve specific educational problems:
– diagnostic, which manifests itself in receiving primary information about the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities, psychological qualities trained to make the right decisions;
– training, which is implemented by using tasks in test form to identify gaps in knowledge, consolidate them, and acquire the ability to work with tests;
– developmental, which manifests itself in additional reflection and motivation for learning based on the results of intermediate testing;
– organizing, which manifests itself in the teacher changing the structure educational process based on test methods;
– educational, associated with increasing educational motivation, the formation of both responsibility for learning results and attitudes towards cooperation, self-organization and self-preparation;
– managerial, which is associated with the analysis of test results and decision-making to improve the level of educational achievements.
The tasks are given in a formalized form, and three answer options are offered. Only one is correct.
The manual includes tests on the main sections of introduction to linguistics and keys.
These tests can be used by both teachers and students.
Topic 1 General information about linguistics and language as a means of communication
1. Linguistics is
1) the science of the vocabulary of a language, its vocabulary
2) the science of human natural language and all languages of the world as its specific representatives, the general laws of the structure and functioning of human language
3) integrative science, studying the mechanisms of speech production and perception
2. Interest in learning the language arose in
1) Germany in the 19th century.
2) Russia in the 18th century.
3) Ancient India 3 thousand years ago
3. Scientific linguistics originated in
1) early XIX V.
2) III century. BC e.
3) Middle Ages
4. The branch of linguistics that studies a specific language with the aim of using it as a means of communication is
1) private linguistics
2) theoretical linguistics
3) practical linguistics
5. The branch of linguistics that studies the theory of language: the essence of language as a system, linguistic units and the relationships between them, the rules of combinatorics, etc., is
1) applied linguistics
2) theoretical linguistics
3) practical linguistics
6. The branch of theoretical linguistics that deals with the study of one language or group of languages is
1) private linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
7. The section of theoretical linguistics that deals with the study of language in general, its nature, origin, functioning is
1) private linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
8. The section of theoretical linguistics that studies the state of the language system at a certain moment in its development is
1) diachronic linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
9. The section of theoretical linguistics that studies the development of a language system over time is
1) diachronic linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
10. Speech is
11. Language is
1) specific speaking, occurring over time and expressed in audio or graphic form
2) sign system, serving as the main means of communication
3) deliberate construction of an artistic narrative in accordance with the principles of organization of linguistic material and characteristic external speech signs
1) material, concrete, real, dynamic, individual
2) ideal, abstract, potential, conservative, social
3) dynamic, individual, ideal, abstract, potential
1) material, concrete, real, dynamic, individual
2) ideal, abstract, potential, conservative, social
3) dynamic, individual, ideal, abstract, potential
14. Language is a means of coordinating the activities of people - it is
1) cognitive function
2) metalinguistic function
3) communicative function
15. Language – a means of obtaining new knowledge about reality – is
1) cognitive function
2) metalinguistic function
3) communicative function
16. Language – a means of describing the language itself – is
1) cognitive function
2) metalinguistic function
3) communicative function
17. Language – a means of expressing emotions – is
1) expressive function
2) emotive function
3) communicative function
18. Language – a means of regulating people’s activities – is
1) cognitive function
2) regulatory function
3) communicative function
19. Language is a means of expressing human creative potential, correlated with aesthetic categories beautiful - ugly - This
1) cognitive function
2) aesthetic function
3) emotive function
20. Language – a means of establishing contact – is
1) cognitive function
2) communicative function
3) phatic function
21. Language is a means of accumulating and transmitting information from generation to generation.
1) accumulative function
2) cognitive function
3) communicative function
22. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language arose from imitation of the sounds of nature, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) interjection theory
23. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which emotional cries of joy, fear, pain, etc. led to the creation of language is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) interjection theory
24. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which people agreed to designate objects with words, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) theory of employment contract
25. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language appeared in the course of collective work from rhythmic labor cries, is
1) theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) interjection theory
26. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which labor created man, and at the same time language arose, is
1) theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) labor theory
27. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language arose abruptly, immediately with a rich vocabulary and language system, is
1) theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) jump theory
28. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language is a natural organism that arises spontaneously, has a certain life span and dies as an organism, is
1) theory of labor cries
2) biological theory
3) jump theory
29. Hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language is an act creative activity God is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) theory of employment contract
30. Proponents of the onomatopoeic hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
2) E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau
3) A. Schleicher
31. Proponents of the interjection hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
3) A. Schleicher
32. Proponents of the biological hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
2) C. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau
3) A. Schleicher, T. Hobbes
33. Proponents of the sign hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
3) A. Schleicher, T. Hobbes
34. Supporters of the hypothesis of labor cries of the origin of language were
1) L. Noiret, K. Bucher
2) C. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau, W. Wundt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
35. Proponents of the labor hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) L. Noiret
2) C. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau, W. Wundt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
36. Proponents of the hypothesis of a spontaneous leap in the origin of language were
1) L. Noiret
2) W. Humboldt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
37. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is an innate physiological property of a person, due to the presence of specialized nerve centers in the cerebral cortex, as well as the organs of speech and hearing, is
3) sociological concept
38. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is a natural phenomenon that does not depend on the will of the speaker, is
1) anatomical and physiological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
39. One of the basic concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is an individual mental act, phenomenon psychological activity people is
1) sociological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
40. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is a social phenomenon, is
1) sociological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
41. The form of existence of language in the era of the existence of a nation, a complex systemic unity, including different shapes, - This
1) national language
2) literary language
3) vernacular
42. A processed form of the national language, which has more or less written norms; the language of all manifestations of culture expressed in verbal form is
1) national language
2) literary language
3) vernacular
43. The main features of a literary language are
1) the presence of writing; normalization, codification, stylistic diversity, relative stability; common usage and universality
2) the presence of writing; non-standardization, non-codification, stylistic diversity
3) stylistic diversity, dynamism; non-common usage and non-general obligatory
44. The historically determined set of commonly used linguistic means, as well as the rules for their selection and use, recognized by society as the most suitable in a specific historical period, is
1) synchrony
3) occasionalism
45. Variety of this language, used as a means of communication with persons connected by a close territorial community, is
1) vernacular
3) dialect
46. A social dialect, which differs from the general spoken language in specific vocabulary and phraseology, expressiveness of turns and special use of word-formation means, but does not have its own phonetic and grammatical system, is
1) dialect
2) literary language
47. Expressions, grammatical forms and constructions common in non-literary colloquial speech, characteristic of poorly educated native speakers and clearly deviating from existing literary language norms are
1) vernacular
3) dialect
48. Special languages, unlike natural languages, are constructed purposefully; are used to perform individual functions of natural language, in information processing systems, etc. - these are
1) living languages
2) artificial languages
3) sign languages
49. A language that does not exist in living use and, as a rule, is known only from written monuments or is in artificial, regulated use is
1) sign language
2) dead language
3) agglutinative language
50. Language used to express judgments about another language, an object language, is
1) hyperlanguage
2) metalanguage
Topic 2 Phonetic-phonological level of language
1. The branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of speech and the sound structure of language (syllables, sound combinations, patterns of combining sounds into a speech chain) is
1) phonology
2) phonetics
3) psychophonetics
2. Sounded speech has two main levels
1) segmental and supersegmental
2) phonetic and phonological
3) general and private
The segment level units are
1) intonation and stress
Supersegment level units are
1) intonation and stress
5. Three aspects of phonetic research are highlighted
1) anatomical and physiological (articulatory), psychological, functional
2) acoustic, cultural, psychological
3) anatomical and physiological (articulatory), acoustic, functional
6. The anatomical and physiological aspect examines speech sounds from the point of view
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
7. The acoustic aspect examines speech sounds from the perspective
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
8. The functional aspect examines speech sounds in terms of
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
9. The minimum unit of the speech chain, which is the result of complex human articulatory activity and is characterized by certain acoustic and perceptual properties, is
3) morphoneme
10. The set of human organs necessary for speech production is
1) pronunciation apparatus
2) oral cavity
3) speech apparatus
11. In the speech apparatus, all organs are divided into
1) open, closed
2) active, passive
3) perceiving, generating
12. The active organs of speech include
13. Passive organs of speech include
3) teeth, alveoli, hard palate and the entire upper jaw
14. A complex of works of the speech organs in a certain sequence is
1) phonation
2) acoustics
3) articulation
15. The set of habitual movements and states of the speech organs necessary to pronounce the sounds of a given language is
1) articulatory base
2) articulatory correlation
3) articulatory paradigm
16. The main phases of sound articulation will be the following
1) inhale, hold your breath, exhale
2) excursion, exposure, recursion
3) resonance, duration, recursion
17. The correct sequence of phases when articulating sounds is as follows
1) excursion, exposure, recursion
2) excursion, recursion, exposure
3) recursion, exposure, excursion
18. The position in which the organs of speech move from a calm state or articulation of the previous sound to the position necessary for pronouncing a given sound is
1) shutter speed
2) recursion
3) excursion
19. The position in which the speech organs go into a calm state or in the attack of articulation of the next sound is
1) shutter speed
2) recursion
3) excursion
20. The position at which the position necessary for pronouncing a sound is maintained is
1) shutter speed
2) recursion
3) excursion
21. All sounds are divided into
1) vowels and consonants
2) hard and soft
3) voiced and voiceless
22. The set of vowels is
1) consonantism
2) vocalism
3) palatalization
23. A set of consonants is
1) consonantism
2) vocalism
3) palatalization
24. The basis for the classification of vowels is
2) a type of barrier that the speech organs form for the air flow coming from the lungs
3) row and elevation of the tongue, as well as lip work
25. According to the position of the lips, vowels are divided into:
1) noisy and sonorous
2) labialized and non-labialized
3) nasal and non-nasal
26. Horizontal displacement of the tongue to the front or back is
3) affricate
27. The following rows of vowels are distinguished
1) front, middle, rear
2) top, middle, bottom
3) front, middle, bottom
28. The degree of elevation of the tongue during the formation of a given vowel is
3) affricate
29. The following vowel rises are distinguished
1) front, middle, rear
2) top, middle, bottom
3) front, middle, bottom
30. The vowel that forms the top of a syllable is
1) consonant
3) affricate
31. Vowels with complex articulation, pronounced in one syllable and acting as a single sound of speech, are
1) diphthongoid
3) diphthong
32. Stressed vowels that have at the beginning or end the overtone of another vowel close to the stress one are
1) diphthongoid
3) diphthong
33. The following features serve as the basis for the classification of consonants:
1) the type of barrier that the speech organs form for the air flow coming from the lungs, the row and rise of the tongue
2) row and elevation of the tongue, as well as lip work
3) method of articulation, active organ, place of articulation, operation of the vocal cords
34. The nature of overcoming an obstacle and the passage of an air stream when creating noise necessary for the formation of a consonant is
1) method of education
2) place of education
35. Consonants formed by exploding an obstacle with an air stream are
1) stops
2) sonorous
3) slotted
36. Consonants formed by friction of an air stream against the walls of a passage created by the convergence of the speech organs of the oral cavity are
1) stops
2) sonorous
3) fricatives
37. According to the active organ, consonants are divided into three types:
1) labial, lingual, tongue
2) occlusions, labials, linguals
3) cacuminal, apical, dorsal
38. Consonants articulated by bringing the front back of the tongue closer to the upper teeth and front palate are
1) kakuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
39. Consonants articulated by the approach or contact of the tip of the tongue with the upper teeth and alveoli are
1) kakuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
40. Consonants articulated by raising the tip of the tongue curved upward are
1) kakuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
41. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists in additional raising of the back of the tongue to the hard palate, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
42. Such a pronunciation of a consonant, in which it is accompanied by labial noise, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
43. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists in the movement of the back wall of the tongue towards the soft palate, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
44. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists of lowering the palatal curtain and the simultaneous exit of an air stream through the mouth and nose, is
1) labialization
2) nasalization
3) velarization
45. The unit of language with the help of which morphemes and thereby words are distinguished and identified is
3) morphoneme
46. Phonemes perform the following functions:
1) semantic, morphological, syntactic
2) delimitive, perceptual, significative
47. The term “phoneme” was introduced into scientific use
1) I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
2) A. Schleicher
3) W. von Humboldt
48. An individual, single representative of a phoneme in speech is
1) option
2) syntagma
49. The opposition of phonemes to each other in the phonological system of a language is
1) opposition
2) position
3) transcription
50. Isolation in speech of a certain unit in a series of homogeneous units using the intensity (energy) of sound is
1) intonation
2) phonation
3) emphasis
51. Isolating one of the syllables in a word and subordinating all other unstressed syllables to it is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
52. Stress, which plays a phonetic and sematic-syntactic role, combining words into bars and phrases, is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
53. Stress, highlighting words and measures during the actual division of a sentence, is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
54. A type of stress characterized by unity of pitch, but a change in the strength and duration of the sound is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) monotonic stress
55. A type of stress characterized by a change in pitch and its musicality is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) monotonic stress
56. A type of monotonic stress in which a syllable is emphasized by the force of an air stream is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) quantitative stress
57. A type of monotonic stress in which a syllable is distinguished by duration is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) quantitative stress
58. Based on the place of stress in a word, they distinguish
59. According to the degree of consolidation in a word, they distinguish
1) variable and movable stress
2) fixed and free stress
3) phrasal and logical stress
60. The set of sound means of language, which, superimposed on a number of pronounced and audible syllables and words, phonetically organize speech, dividing it according to meaning into phrases and significant segments - syntagms; establish semantic relationships between parts of a phrase; they give the phrase, and sometimes significant segments, narrative, interrogative, imperative and other meanings; express various emotions - these are
2) intonation
3) emphasis
61. The elements of intonation are
1) melody of speech, pauses, stress, tempo of speech, timbre of voice
2) noise, loudness, velarization
3) beat, sound, phonetic word
62. In writing, intonation is usually expressed
1) punctuation marks, dividing text into paragraphs, varying fonts
2) spelling
3) lexically
63. Functions of intonation:
1) integrating, segmenting, emotive, differentiating, communicative
2) semantic, morphological, syntactic
3) communicative, perceptual, cognitive, meta-linguistic
64. Loss of sound in a complex combination of sounds is
1) diaeresis
2) epenthesis
3) metathesis
65. Partial change in the articulation of adjacent sounds - vowels and consonants - is
1) assimilation
2) reduction
3) accommodation
66. Replacing one of two identical or similar (in place of formation) sounds with another, less similar in articulation to the one that remained unchanged, is
1) assimilation
2) dissimilation
3) accommodation
67. The appearance of an additional sound in a word is
1) metathesis
2) epenthesis
3) prosthesis
68. The appearance at the absolute beginning of a word of a consonant sound (in other languages also a vowel), not justified etymologically, but caused by phonetic reasons, is
1) metathesis
2) epenthesis
3) prosthesis
69. Rearrangement of sounds or syllables within a word on the basis of assimilation or dissimilation is
1) metathesis
2) haplology
3) prosthesis
70. The loss in a word of one of two adjacent syllables of the same or similar meaning is
1) metathesis
2) haplology
3) prosthesis
71. Unstressed words adjacent to the next word are
1) enclitics
2) interclitics
3) proclitics
72. Unstressed words adjacent to the preceding word are
1) enclitics
2) interclitics
3) proclitics
73. Weakening and changing the sound quality of a vowel sound is
1) synharmonism
2) reduction
3) alliteration
74. Reduction is of two types:
1) qualitative and quantitative
2) complete and incomplete
3) normative and usual
75. The order of phonetic division of sounding speech:
1) phrase, speech beat, phonetic word, sound, syllable
2) phrase, phonetic word, speech beat, syllable, sound
3) phrase, speech beat, phonetic word, syllable, sound
76. A segment of speech that is relatively complete in terms of meaning and intonation is
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
77. Parts of a sentence that are more or less complete in meaning are
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
78. A segment of spoken speech united by one verbal stress is
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
79. Various superscript, subscript, and less frequently intraline characters used in alphabetic writing to change or clarify the meaning of individual characters are
1) diacritics
2) descriptive signs
3) derivational signs
80. The superscript comma, used in alphabetic writing in various functions, is
1) apocrypha
2) assonance
3) apostrophe
81. Translation of one graphic alphabet system into another (that is, the transfer of letters of one script with letters of another) is
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) transposition
82. Conditional transmission of the sound of a word using specially adopted signs is
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) transposition
83. The set of norms of the national language, ensuring the unity of its sound design, is
1) spelling
2) orthoepia
3) orthology
84. The set of features of the articulation of sounds in each specific language is
1) spelling
2) orthoepia
Option I
1. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
2. The cognitive function of language is the ability
B) express the speaker’s internal state
C) serve as a means of communication
3. The relationships that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
4. The elementary minimal part of a value, its component is
D) archiseme
5. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
6. Panini’s grammar expounds
A) the grammatical system of Sanskrit
B) the lexical system of Sanskrit
C) phonetic system of Sanskrit
D) stylistic features Sanskrit
7. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
B) VII – VIII centuries.
8. Paradigmatics is
9. At the origins of Russian psycholinguistics were
A) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay, S. Kartsevsky
B) V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Shcherba
C) F. F. Fortunatov, F. I. Buslaev
D) L. S. Vygotsky, A. M. Leontiev
10. Linguistic signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) the signs themselves
11. The complex essence of language was represented in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
12. Representatives of the behaviorist trend in psychology
C) have nothing to do with the development of psycholinguistics
13. “General Rational Grammar”, developed by the monastic scientists of “Port-Royal”, was based on
B) philosophy
C) psychology
D) natural science
14. National bilingualism is characteristic of such a language situation when
A) citizens of the country use spoken and literary language
B) citizens of the country know their native dialect and national language
C) people of different nationalities live in the country
D) the country uses two official languages
15. The merit of young grammarians is
A) their discovery of the law of language
D) empiricism and inductivism
16. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
B) A. Meillet, L. Bloomfield, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, L. Hjelmslev
17. The thesis “Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics” belongs to the famous linguist
A) Sh. Bally
C) F. de Saussure
D) J. Vandries
18. He put forward the theory of psychological communication
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Shakhmatov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
19. Moscow Linguistic School is a representative
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
20. Lingvodidactics is
Option II
1. Diachronic universals are
A) grammatical universals represented in ancient languages
B) general trends in the development of various languages
C) the history of the formation and development of one of the syntactic categories
D) semantic universals that have lost their meaning
2. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) Baudouin de Courtenay
B) E. D. Polivanova
C) N.V. Krushevsky
D) V. A. Bogoroditsky
3. What is the essence of N. Chomsky’s concept?
A) The transition of language from a subject form to an activity form
B) Superindividualization of speech activity
C) The idea of the universality of the innate rules of language operation
D) Speech activity as one of the types of human activity
4. Pidgin arises as a result
B) the disappearance of a language to be replaced
D) mass interethnic contacts
5. “New Doctrine of Language” was developed by
A) V.V. Vinogradov
B) I. I Meshchaninov
C) N. Ya. Marr
D) L. V. Shcherba
A) modality, time, person
B) time, face
C) modality, face
D) modality, time
7. Lingvodidactics is
A) a pedagogical discipline dealing with the development of a child’s speech
B) a scientific discipline dealing with the description of the language system and its units for educational purposes
C) a linguistic discipline that deals with the development of language ability
D) the discipline that develops problems higher education
8. The emergence of nationalities is associated with
A) development of the productive forces of society
B) replacing former tribal ties with territorial ties
C) the emergence of private property and the collapse of primitive communal relations
D) the development of the productive forces of society, the emergence of private property, the collapse of primitive communal relations and the replacement of former tribal ties with territorial ties
9. The division of humanity into races is entirely related to the division of the population
A) territorial
B) ethnic
C) social
D) religious
10. The relationships that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
A) A Leontyev
B) J. Miller
C) L. V. Shcherba
D) L. S. Vygotsky
12. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
13. Moscow Linguistic School presents
14. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archiseme
15. The activities of the Prague Linguistic Circle are related to
A) descriptive linguistics
B) glossematics
C) sociolinguistics
D) functional linguistics
16. The theory of psycholinguistic communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Potebnya
C) A. A. Shakhmatov
D) F. I. Buslaev
17. The languages used for international communication are
A) Afrikaans, Swahili
B) English, Russian
C) Lithuanian, Armenian
D) Chinese, Mongolian
18. The complex essence of language was represented in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
19. The cognitive function of language is the ability
A) express the internal state of the speaker
B) serve as a means of communication
C) influence the addressee of speech
D) serve as a means of understanding the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
20. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) general linguistics
D) philology
Option III
1. The merit of young grammarians is
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism, emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
2. The doctrine of language as a category of living organisms belongs to
A) G. Steinthal
B) A. Schleicher
C) W. von Humboldt
D) G Curtius
3. The origin of any language must be considered from
A) the culture of the native speaker of a given language
B) the mentality of the people themselves
C) socio-economic development of the people
D) the history of the people themselves - native speakers of a given language
4. Most domestic researchers of synchrony and diachrony proceeded from the thesis
A) synchrony and dachrony are in sharp opposition to each other and therefore retain their specificity
B) synchrony and diachrony, constantly interacting, lose their specificity
C) synchrony and diachrony constantly interact, maintaining their specificity
D) the contrast between synchronic and diachronic points of view is completely absolute and uncompromising
5. Among the founders of sociological research were
A) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
B) R. Rusk, F. Bopp, W. von Humboldt
C) G. Steinthal, A. Schleicher
D) A. A. Shakhmatov, F. F. Fortunatov
6. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society, with the functions of language
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
7. Foreign psycholinguistics arose in
A) early 20th century
B) 70s of the XX century
C) 50s of the XX century
D) late XIX century
8. Consciousness is
A) manifestation of language ability
B) the highest form of mental reflection of reality
C) one of the sides of the relationship between language and thinking
D) self-realization of linguistic personality
9. What is the essence of thinking?
A) Thinking is the essence of the human brain
B) The quality of any natural language
C) System for expressing the meaning of words
D) Property of artificial language
10. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archiseme
11. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) N.V. Krushevsky
B) V. A. Bogoroditsky
C) E. D. Polivanova
D) Baudouin de Courtenay
12. Pidgin arises as a result
A) conscious human activity
B) mass interethnic contacts
C) constant contact of two languages
D) the disappearance of a language to be replaced
13. The division of humanity into races is associated with the division of the population
A) ethnic
B) territorial
C) religious
D) social
A) time, face
B) modality, face
C) modality, time, person
D) modality, time
15. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
16. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
17. The founder of American structuralism (descriptive linguistics) is
B) E. Sapir
C) L. Bloomfield
D) G. Gleason
18. The relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
19. Semantic classifiers (keys) indicated
A) what vowels are included in the word
B) how many syllables are in a word
C) to which semantic sphere, area of reality does it belong? given word
D) what consonants are part of the word
20. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) a set of cultural, figurative and verbal signs
B) a system of signs
IV option
1. Analogy is
A) grammatical changes in language
B) establishing an associative connection between language units
C) the likening of some language elements to other elements of the same level, more widespread and productive, or the convergence of such elements
D) change in the semantics of a word according to a metaphorical type
2. The founder of Copenhagen structuralism (glossematics) is
A) H. I. Uldall
B) K. Togeby
C) K. Werner
D) L. Elmslev
2. The doctrine of the morphological structure of words was developed in the works of a representative of the Kazan linguistic school
A) V. A. Bogoroditsky
B) N.V. Krushevsky
C) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay
D) A. I. Alexandrova
4. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
A) VII – VIII centuries.
5. He put forward the theory of psychological communication
A) A. A. Shakhmatov
B) A. Kh. Vostokov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
6. The communicative function of language is the ability
A) serve as a means of understanding the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
B) serve as a means of communication
C) express the internal state of the speaker
D) influence the addressee of speech
7. Deals with the study of general problems associated with the structure and functioning of any language in society.
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
8. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
9. The relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) paradigmatic
B) linguistic
C) syntagmatic
D) stylistic
10. The thesis “Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics” belongs to
A) Sh. Bally
C) J. Vandries
D) F. de Saussure
11. The elementary minimal part of a value, its component is
D) archiseme
12. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) system of signs
B) a set of cultural, figurative, verbal signs
C) semiotic system of verbal and nonverbal signs
D) exponent of the spirit and character of the people
13. Non-limit (non-discrete) units of language include
C) quasimorphemes
D) free phrases
14. Representatives of the behaviorist trend in psychology
A) are the main critics of psycholinguistic theories
B) made a great contribution to the development of psycholinguistics
C) have nothing to do with psycholinguistics
D) deny the very possibility of the existence of psycholinguistics
15. Historical and cultural area is
A) the same as a linguistic union
B) the union of several linguistic unions
C) the unification of peoples and their languages based on common cultural and historical traditions, the nature of writing, the cultural layer of vocabulary, etc.
D) unification of peoples based on ethnic kinship
16. The merit of young grammarians is
A) their discovery of the sound law
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism and emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
17. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
A) A. Meillet, L. Bloomfield, L. Jelmslev
B) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
D) J. Vandries, A. A. Shakhmatov
18. The primary types of speech activity include
A) speaking and reading
B) reading, writing
C) writing and listening
D) speaking and listening
19. Linguistic signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) the signs themselves
20. Pragmatics is
A) a special area that studies the appropriateness of using certain speech structures
B) a branch of linguistics that studies the functioning of language signs in speech
C) a direction that studies ways to apply the achievements of sociolinguistics in practice
D) a discipline that studies the rules of individual behavior in society