Biography
Eduard Arkadievich
Poet, honorary citizen of the city of Sevastopol
Born on September 7, 1923 in the Turkmen city of Merv (now Mary). Father - Arkady Grigorievich Asadov (1898−1929), graduated from Tomsk University, during the Civil War - commissar, commander of the 1st company of the 2nd rifle regiment, in peacetime he worked as a teacher at a school. Mother - Asadova (Kurdova) Lidia Ivanovna (1902-1984), teacher. Wife - Asadova (Razumovskaya) Galina Valentinovna (1925−1997), artist of the Mosconcert. Granddaughter - Kristina Arkadyevna Asadova (born in 1978), graduate of the philological faculty of Moscow State University, teacher of the Italian language at MGIMO.
In 1929, Edward's father died, and Lydia Ivanovna moved with her son to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), where the grandfather of the future poet, Ivan Kalustovich Kurdov, whom Eduard Arkadyevich calls his "historical grandfather" with a kind smile. Living in Astrakhan, from 1885 to 1887, Ivan Kalustovich served as census secretary for Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky after his return from Vilyui exile and was forever imbued with his lofty philosophical ideas. In 1887, on the advice of Chernyshevsky, he entered Kazan University, where he met a student, Vladimir Ulyanov, and after him joined the revolutionary student movement, participated in organizing illegal student libraries. Later, after graduating from the natural faculty of the university, he worked in the Urals as a zemstvo doctor, and since 1917 - as the head of the medical department of the Gubzdrav. The depth and originality of Ivan Kalustovich's thinking had a tremendous influence on the formation of the character and worldview of his grandson, the upbringing of willpower and courage in him, on his faith in conscience and kindness, ardent love for people.
The working Ural, Sverdlovsk, where Eduard Asadov spent his childhood and adolescence, became the second homeland for the future poet, and he wrote his first poems at the age of eight. Over the years, he traveled almost all over the Urals, especially often in the city of Serov, where his uncle lived. He forever fell in love with the strict and even harsh nature of this region and its inhabitants. All these bright and vivid impressions will subsequently be reflected in many poems and poems by Eduard Asadov: "Forest River", "Date with Childhood", "Poem of First Tenderness", etc. The theater attracted him no less than poetry - while studying at school , he studied in the drama club at the Palace of Pioneers, which was led by an excellent teacher, director of the Sverdlovsk radio Leonid Konstantinovich Dikovsky.
In 1939, Lidia Ivanovna, as an experienced teacher, was transferred to work in Moscow. Here Edward continued to write poetry - about school, about recent events in Spain, about hiking in the forest, about friendship, about dreams. He read and reread his favorite poets: Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, Petofi, Blok, Yesenin, whom he still considers his creative teachers.
The graduation ball at school N ° 38 of the Frunzensky district of Moscow, where Eduard Asadov studied, took place on June 14, 1941. When the war began, he, without waiting for the call, came to the district committee of the Komsomol with a request to send him as a volunteer to the front. This request was granted. He was sent to Moscow, where the first units of the famous guard mortars were being formed. He was appointed gunner in the 3rd Division of the 4th Guards Artillery Mortar Regiment. After a month and a half of intensive training, the division in which Asadov served was sent to Leningrad, becoming the 50th separate guards artillery battalion. Having fired the first salvo at the enemy on September 19, 1941, the division fought in the most difficult sectors of the Volkhov front. Burning 30-40-degree frosts, hundreds and hundreds of kilometers back and forth along the broken front line: Voronovo, Gaitolovo, Sinyavino, Mga, Volkhov, Novaya village, Workers' settlement N ° 1, Putilovo ... In total, during the winter of 1941/42, Asadov's gun fired 318 volleys at enemy positions. In addition to the position of the gunner, he in a short time studied and mastered the duties of other calculation numbers.
In the spring of 1942, in one of the battles in the area of the village of Novaya, the gun commander, Sergeant M.M. Kudryavtsev, was seriously wounded. Asadov, together with medical instructor Vasily Boyko, carried the sergeant out of the car, helped to bandage and, without waiting for orders from the immediate commander, took over command of the combat installation, while simultaneously performing the duties of a gunner. Standing near the combat vehicle, Eduard took the missile shells brought by the soldiers, installed them on the guides and secured them with clamps. A German bomber emerged from the clouds. Turning around, he began to dive. The bomb fell 20-30 meters from the combat vehicle of Sergeant Asadov. Loader Nikolai Boykov, carrying a shell on his shoulder, did not have time to execute the command "Get down!" A shell fragment blew off his left arm. Gathering all the will and strength, the soldier, swaying, stood 5 meters from the installation. Another second or two - and the projectile will hit the ground, and then for tens of meters around there will be nothing alive. Asadov vividly assessed the situation. He instantly jumped up from the ground, jumped in one jump to Boykov and grabbed the shell falling from his comrade's shoulder. There was nowhere to charge it - the combat vehicle was on fire, thick smoke was pouring from the cockpit. Knowing that one of the gas tanks is under the seat in the cockpit, he carefully lowered the shell to the ground and rushed to help the driver Vasily Safonov fight the fire. The fire was defeated. Despite his burnt hands, refusing to be hospitalized, Asadov continued to carry out his combat mission. Since then, he has performed two duties: gun commander and gunner. And in short breaks between battles he continued to write poetry. Some of them ("Letter from the front", "To the starting line", "In the dugout") were included in the first book of his poems.
At that time, the guards mortar units were experiencing an acute shortage of officers. The best junior commanders with combat experience, by order of the command, were sent to military schools. So in the fall of 1942, Eduard Asadov was urgently sent to the 2nd Omsk Guards artillery school. For 6 months of study, it was necessary to complete a two-year course of study. We studied day and night, 13-16 hours a day.
In May 1943, having successfully passed the exams and received the rank of lieutenant and a diploma for excellent success (he received thirteen "excellent" and only two "good" in 15 subjects in state final exams), Eduard Asadov arrived at the North Caucasian front. As the chief of communications of the division of the 50th Guards artillery regiment of the 2nd Guards Army, he took part in the battles near the village of Krymskaya.
An appointment to the 4th Ukrainian Front soon followed. At first he served as an assistant commander of a battery of guards mortars, and when the battalion commander Turchenko near Sevastopol "went up", he was appointed battery commander. Again roads, and again battles: Chaplino, Sofievka, Zaporozhye, Dnepropetrovsk region, Melitopol, Orekhov, Askania-Nova, Perekop, Armyansk, Sovkhoz, Kacha, Mamashai, Sevastopol ...
When the offensive of the 2nd Guards Army began near Armenian, the most dangerous and difficult place for this period turned out to be the "gate" through the Turkish Wall, on which the enemy was beating continuously. It was extremely difficult for artillerymen to transport equipment and ammunition through the "gate". The battalion commander, Major Khlyzov, assigned this most difficult section to Lieutenant Asadov, taking into account his experience and courage. Asadov calculated that the shells fall into the "gate" exactly every three minutes. He made a risky, but the only possible decision: to slip with cars precisely in these short intervals between breaks. Having driven the car to the "gate", after another break, without even waiting for the dust and smoke to settle, he ordered the driver to turn on the maximum speed and rush forward. Having broken through the "gate", the lieutenant took another, empty, car, came back and, standing in front of the "gate", again waited for the gap and again repeated the throw through the "gate", only in the reverse order. Then he got into the car with ammunition again, drove up to the aisle again and thus drove the next car through the smoke and dust of the explosion. In total that day he made more than 20 such throws in one direction and the same number in the other ...
After the liberation of Perekop, the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front moved to the Crimea. 2 weeks before the approach to Sevastopol, Lieutenant Asadov took command of the battery. At the end of April, they occupied the village of Mamashai. An order was received to place 2 batteries of guards mortars on a hill and in a hollow near the village of Belbek, in the immediate vicinity of the enemy. The terrain was visible through the enemy. For several nights, under continuous shelling, they prepared the installations for battle. After the first salvo, heavy enemy fire fell on the batteries. The main blow from the ground and from the air fell on Asadov's battery, which by the morning of May 3, 1944 was practically defeated. However, many of the shells survived, while at the top, on the Ulyanov battery, there was a sharp shortage of shells. It was decided to transfer the surviving missile shells to the Ulyanov battery in order to fire a decisive salvo before the assault on the enemy's fortifications. At dawn, Lieutenant Asadov and driver V. Akulov drove the car loaded to capacity up a mountainous slope ...
The enemy ground units immediately noticed the moving car: the explosions of heavy shells now and then shook the ground. When we got to the plateau, they were spotted from the air. Two "Junkers", emerging from the clouds, made a circle over the car - a machine-gun burst obliquely pierced the upper part of the cockpit, and soon a bomb fell somewhere very close. The motor worked intermittently, the riddled car moved slowly. The most difficult section of the road began. The lieutenant jumped out of the cockpit and walked in front, showing the driver the way among stones and craters. When Ulyanov's battery was already close, a roaring column of smoke and flame shot up nearby - Lieutenant Asadov was seriously wounded and permanently lost his sight.
Years later, the commander of the artillery of the 2nd Guards Army, Lieutenant General I.S. A voyage through death in an old truck, on a sun-drenched road, in full view of the enemy, under continuous artillery and mortar fire, under bombardment is a feat. Riding almost certain death to save comrades is a feat ... Any doctor would confidently say that a person who has received such a wound has very little chance of surviving. And he is not able not only to fight, but also to move in general. And Eduard Asadov did not leave the battle. Loosing consciousness every minute, he continued to command, carry out a combat operation and drive the car to the goal, which now he saw only with his heart. And he completed the task brilliantly. I don’t remember such a case during my long military life ... "
The decisive volley before the storming of Sevastopol was given on time, a volley for the sake of saving hundreds of people, for the sake of victory ... For this feat of the guard, Lieutenant Asadov was awarded the Order of the Red Star, and many years later, by the Decree of the Permanent Presidium of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR dated November 18, 1998, he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. He was also awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Sevastopol.
And the feat continued. I had to believe in myself again, to mobilize all my strength and will, to be able to love life again, to love so that I could tell about it in my poems in all the variety of colors. In the hospital, between operations, he continued to write poetry. In order to impartially assess their dignity, and not a single professional poet had read his poems at that time, he decided to send them to Korney Chukovsky, whom he knew not only as the author of funny children's books, but also as a tough and merciless critic. A few days later, the answer came. According to Eduard Arkadievich, "from the poems he sent, perhaps only his surname and dates remained, almost every line was supplied with Chukovsky's lengthy comments." The most unexpected for him was the conclusion: “... however, in spite of everything said above, I can say with full responsibility that you are a true poet. For you have that genuine poetic breath that is inherent only in a poet! Wish you success. K. Chukovsky ". The significance of these sincere words for the young poet was difficult to overestimate.
In the fall of 1946, Eduard Asadov entered the Gorky Literary Institute. During these years Alexey Surkov, Vladimir Lugovskoy, Pavel Antokolsky, Evgeny Dolmatovsky became his literary mentors.
While still a student, Eduard Asadov managed to declare himself as an original poet ("Spring in the Forest", "Poems about the Red Mongrel", "In the Taiga", the poem "Back in Service"). In the late 1940s, Vasily Fedorov, Rasul Gamzatov, Vladimir Soloukhin, Evgeny Vinokurov, Naum Grebnev, Yakov Kozlovsky, Margarita Agashina, Yulia Drunina, Grigory Pozhenyan, Igor Kobzev, Yuri Bondarev, Vladimir Tendryakov, studied with him at the Literary Institute. Baklanov and many other later famous poets, prose writers and playwrights. Once a competition for the best poem or poem was announced at the institute, to which most of the students responded. By the decision of a strict and impartial jury chaired by Pavel Grigorievich Antokolsky, the first prize was awarded to Eduard Asadov, the second - to Vladimir Soloukhin, the third was shared by Konstantin Vanshenkin and Maxim Tolmachev. On May 1, 1948, the first publication of his poems took place in the Ogonyok magazine. And a year later, his poem "Back in Service" was submitted for discussion at the Writers' Union, where it received the highest recognition of such eminent poets as Vera Inber, Stepan Shchipachev, Mikhail Svetlov, Alexander Kovalenkov, Yaroslav Smelyakov and others.
For 5 years of study at the institute, Eduard Asadov did not receive a single C and graduated from the institute with a "red" diploma. In 1951, after the publication of his first book of poetry "Light Roads", he was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR. Numerous trips around the country began, conversations with people, creative meetings with readers in dozens of cities and towns.
Since the early 1960s, the poetry of Eduard Asadov has acquired the broadest sound. His books, which were published in 100 thousand copies, instantly disappeared from the shelves of bookstores. Literary evenings of the poet, organized by the Propaganda Bureau of the Union of Writers of the USSR, the Mosconcert and various philharmonic societies, for almost 40 years were held with a constant full house in the country's largest concert halls, which could accommodate up to 3,000 people. Their constant participant was the poet's wife - a wonderful actress, master of artistic words Galina Razumovskaya. These were truly bright holidays of poetry, bringing up the brightest and noblest feelings. Eduard Asadov read his poems, talked about himself, answered numerous notes from the audience. They did not let him leave the stage for a long time, and often the meetings dragged on for 3, 4 or even more hours.
Impressions from communication with people formed the basis of his poems. To date, Eduard Arkadyevich is the author of 50 poetry collections, which in different years included such well-known poems of his as “Back in the System”, “Shurka”, “Galina”, “Ballad of Hatred and Love”.
One of the fundamental features of Eduard Asadov's poetry is a heightened sense of justice. His poems captivate the reader with a huge artistic and life truth, originality and uniqueness of intonation, polyphonic sound. A characteristic feature of his poetic work is the appeal to the most burning topics, the gravitation to the poignant verse, to the ballad. He is not afraid of sharp corners, does not avoid conflict situations, on the contrary, seeks to solve them with the utmost sincerity and directness (Slanderers, Unequal Fight, When Friends Become Bosses, Necessary People, Rupture). Whatever topic the poet touches, whatever he writes about, it is always interesting and bright, it always excites the soul. These are hot poems full of emotions on civic themes ("Relics of the country", "Russia did not start with a sword!" love "," Heart "," Do not hesitate "," Love and cowardice "," I will see you "," I can wait for you "," On the wing "," Destiny and hearts "," Her love ", etc. .).
One of the main themes in the work of Eduard Asadov is the theme of the Motherland, loyalty, courage and patriotism ("Smoke of the Fatherland", "Twentieth Century", "Forest River", "Dream of the Ages", "About what cannot be lost", lyrical monologue "Motherland"). Poems about nature are closely connected with poems about the Motherland, in which the poet figuratively and excitedly conveys the beauty of his native land, finding bright, rich colors for this. These are "In the Forest Land", "Night Song", "Taiga Spring", and other poems, as well as a whole series of poems about animals ("Bear", "Bengal Tiger", "Pelican", "Ballad of the Bulan Pensioner", " Yashka "," Zoryanka "and one of the most widely known poems of the poet -" Poems about the red mongrel "). Eduard Asadov is a life-affirming poet: even his most dramatic line carries a charge of ardent love for life.
Eduard Asadov died on April 21, 2004. Buried in Moscow at the Kuntsevo cemetery. But he bequeathed to bury his heart on Sapun-mountain in Sevastopol, where on May 4, 1944, he was wounded and lost his sight.
Asadov Eduard Arkadievich - Soviet poet and prose writer. Born into a family of teachers on September 7, 1923. Asadov's father Arkady Grigorievich fought in the civilian as commander of a rifle company, being the commissar of a rifle regiment. Asadov's (Kurdov's) mother Lidia Ivanovna is a teacher, in 1929 after the death of her husband she moved to Sverdlovsk, to the grandfather of the future poet, Kurdov Ivan Kalustovich. It was the grandfather who influenced the development of the worldview and character of the grandson, his faith in people and his attitude towards them. The poet's adolescent years passed in Sverdlovsk, here he wrote his first poem at the age of eight. At school, he became interested in the drama club of the Palace of Pioneers with Leonid Konstantinovich Dikovsky, the director of the Sverdlovsk radio.
In 1939, Asadov and his mother moved to Moscow. In Moscow, the poet studied at school number 38, after the evening of graduates on June 14, 1941, without waiting for the call, Eduard Asadov volunteered for the front. He was a gunner in the 4th Guards Mortar Artillery Regiment, located near Moscow. A month and a half later, the 3rd division of the regiment, in which Asadov served, was transferred to Leningrad. In the winter of 1941/42 alone, Asadov's gun fired 318 volleys at enemy positions. Since the spring of 1942, Eduard Asadov has been fighting as a commander and gunner. And in the fall of 1942, Eduard Grigorievich was sent urgently to the 2nd Omsk Guards artillery school. For 6 months of study, the fighters completed a two-year training course. In May 1943, Asadov graduated from the school with honors, with the rank of lieutenant. A year later, in May 1944, while fighting in the Crimea, in a battle near the village of Belbek, Lieutenant Asadov was wounded, which deprived him of his sight for the rest of his life. For this battle, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star, subsequently, on November 18, 1998, Asadov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as well as the title of an honorary citizen of the hero-city of Sevastopol.
After the war, in 1946, in the fall he entered the Gorky Literary Institute. While still a student, Asadov received the first prize in the institute's competition for the best poem or poem, beating Vladimir Soloukhin. In 1951, after graduating from the institute with a "red" diploma, Asadov became a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR after the publication of the collection of poems "Bright Roads". At the beginning of the sixties, the poetry of Eduard Asadov begins to enjoy extraordinary popularity, his books are published in thousands of copies, creative evenings are sold out in the largest concert halls of the Soviet Union. In total, during the creative activity of Eduard Asadov, 50 collections of poetry were published. An invariable participant in the poet's creative activity was his wife - Galina Razumovskaya, an actress and master of artistic performance. Asadov's poetry is action-packed, with a keen sense of justice, interesting and vivid in its originality.
Eduard Grigorievich Asadov died on April 21, 2004 in Moscow. His grave is located at the city's Kuntsevo cemetery. But the poet bequeathed his heart to be buried in Sevastopol, on Sapun Mountain, in the place where he lost his sight in the battle of 1944.
The future great poet Eduard Asadov was born in 1923 into an intelligent teaching family, both of his parents were teachers, however, his father, Arkady Grigorievich, did not hide from bullets during the Civil War, a man of the most peaceful profession in a difficult time was a commissar, commanded a rifle company. At that time, the family lived in Turkmenistan, where Eduard Arkadyevich was born. So the night shooting and birds soaring into the dazzlingly bright sky dreamed of the poet for many years.
What is the dream of a young man from an intelligent family?
Asadov's father died when he was a little over thirty - a man who survived the years of battles died from a banal intestinal obstruction. After that, the mother could not stay onIn her former place, taking her 6-year-old son, Lydia Ivanovna moved to Sverdlovsk, to stay with relatives, and a few years later she moved to Moscow - she was a really good teacher, so she was offered a job in the capital.
In Soviet times, no one thought about how justified the “mixing of bloods” was - in such a multinational country as the USSR, it was in the order of things. Asadov proudly said that he was an Armenian by nationality, although there were people of completely different nationalities among his relatives. But all of them, as if by selection, were highly intelligent, intelligent. And also - they knew how to love like no other.
An excellent example of this is the story of the great-grandmother of Eduard Asadov, a lady from the Petersburg secular society, with whom a real English lord fell madly in love. Young people could not be together, but they stepped over human and divine laws - just to be together.
So Eduard Arkadyevich inherited his admiration for true feelings at the genetic level. As for faith in God, he has always been an atheist. And not at all because he was an ideological opponent of religion. The poet was simply perplexed, how can a creator, if he really exist somewhere, allow such an amount of pain, grief, suffering on our earth? Therefore, he either does not exist, or he is not omnipotent at all - therefore, he does not deserve any worship.
Later, Asadov said that he was ready to become a true believer if there was someone who could explain this paradox to him. But the young man firmly believed in kindness, which in this world should be many times more evil, otherwise the world is simply doomed to death. He hoped to meet true love, such as his parents had, he dreamed of his "beautiful stranger", reading the poems of the classics and trying to create his own works on the same topic - his first poems Eduard Asadov< написал, когда ему исполнилось всего лишь 8 лет.
The war that pierced youth
And then came 1941. Inspired by plans and hopes, the young man plans to enter a university after school, but can not decide what to prefer: literary or theatrical? Life saved Asadov from this
choice, making their own adjustments - a week after the school graduation, the Great Patriotic War began.
It is clear that such a fiery, sincere young man could not even think about sitting on the sidelines. On the very first day, he rushed to the military registration and enlistment office, and within a day he was heading to the place of battles as part of a rifle unit - Asadov was enrolled in the calculation of a special weapon, which later became known as the legendary Katyusha.
After a short study, Eduard Arkadyevich ended up on the battlefields - he received his baptism of fire near Moscow, fighting in the very inferno of the Volkhov front. For more than a year he was a gunner, but in 1942, after injuring his immediate superior, he was appointed commander of the weapons crew. Rather, no one had time to appoint him at first - Asadov himself took command. This happened in the conditions of incessant cannonade, so the soldier himself led his comrades - and he himself pointed the weapon.
He amazed those around him with his courage and determination - never losing his head, Asadov could make the only correct decision in the most difficult situation. And in between battles, he wrote poetry and read them at short halts to his colleagues. And the soldiers asked - come on again!
Later Asadova, catOry almost literally introduced such a scene into one of his works about the war, reproached for the idealism of the picture. Critics, who never really liked the poet, reproached him for distorting reality - what poems, what jokes and conversations about love could be in the war ?! But Asadov never tried to convince non-believers, he just knew that war is also a life in which blood and dirt cannot be avoided, but there is time for happiness and hope in it. People died - and dreamed of family happiness, cried in pain - and dreamed of love. Therefore, their<стихи Эдуард Асадов действительно сочинял в коротких перерывах между кровавыми боями.
A tragedy that turned your whole life
In 1943, Eduard Asadov received lieutenant shoulder straps and was assigned first to the North Caucasian, and then to the Fourth Ukrainian Front, eventually becoming a battalion commander. Remembering this time, many of Asadov's colleagues and comrades in those terrible years were only amazed at his incredible determination and courage - this young and brave boy never thought about his own life, trying to do everything tofulfill your military duty.
The battles near Sevastopol became fatal for Asadov - his own battery was completely destroyed by the aimed fire of the enemy. There were no more guns, but there were stocks of shells, in which so
needed at the next line. And with the onset of dawn, the ammunition was loaded into the car, which Eduard Arkadyevich undertook to deliver to the battery providing the offensive.
This decision was stupid, deadly, impracticable - across an open plain, perfectly fired by enemy artillery and aircraft, carry rockets over rough terrain in the usualthe shaking truck. But it was this feat that brought a decisive note to the symphony of the Sevastopol victory - the shells delivered on time made it possible to suppress the enemy's firing points. It is not known what the result of the battle would have been if Asadov had not made such a decision.
Unfortunately, for himself, this battle was the last. A fragment of a shell that exploded two steps from the car, the battalion commander blew away part of the skull, filling his face with blood and completely blinding him. According to doctors, after such wounds, a person should die within a few minutes. And he certainly is not capable of making any gestures. Asadov drove the car to a nearby battery, being practically unconscious, and only then plunged into the abyss of nothingness. He spent almost a month in it.
Sentenced - but disagree!
When the young man woke up, he had to listen to two news. The first was that he is a phenomenon - none of the doctors even imagined that the young officer would be able to survive, while retaining the ability to speak, move, think. This was good news. And Asadov found out about the bad the same day, as he opened his eyes - and did not see anything around. The rest of his life he had to spend in complete darkness - as a result of the received head injury, the young man lost his sight forever.
Asadov himself, recalling these times, often said that it was not the art of doctors that saved him - that it was love in which he always believed, and which repaid him for it, giving him the desire to live. In the very first days, immersed in darkness, lost and helpless, he did not want to exist anymore. But the nurse who looked after the young officer was indignant - should he, so brave and strong, think about death? And she said that personally she would love to connect her life with the hero. Edward never knew if the woman was serious or if she wanted to cheer up the suffering boy. But she succeeded - Asadov realized that life was not over, he might still be needed by someone.
And he wrote poetry. There are many poems - about peace and war, about animals and nature, about human meanness and nobility, faith and unbelief. But first of all, these were poems about love - Asadov, dictating his lines to other people, was sure that only love can keep a person on the very edge, save and give a new goal in life.
Up to the stars and heights of popular recognition
In 1946 he was enrolled in the Literary Institute, two years later the firsta selection of Asadov's poems was published in Ogonyok, and in 1951 his first book was published - after that Eduard Arkadievich became both a member of the Writers' Union and a member of the CPSU. He became very popular - constant trips around the country with the reading of his poems, letters from thousands of readers who could not remain indifferent after getting acquainted with the work of Asadov.
He himself later recalled that very often news came from women who recognized themselves in each of his works. They thanked Eduard Arkadievich for the fact that he could so accurately understand all their pain, their dreams and hopes. And he, experiencing each story, as if it happened to him, created more and more new masterpieces. His poems about love were not glossy, sugary - someone's wounded heart oozed with blood behind every line.
In 1998, on the eve of his 75th birthday, Asadov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - this award had been sought by his former military commander for many years. But Edward Arkadyevich proved his special courage not only in the distant 43rd, but throughout his entire life - when he walked around the world with a blind gaze, but saw much better than all the healthy, as there is a lot of meanness, betrayal and injustice around. And he tried to fight - never resigning himself or compromising. Perhaps that is why hundreds of people did not like him. Perhaps that is why millions adored him.
Asadov Eduard Arkadyevich is an outstanding domestic poet and prose writer, a hero of the Soviet Union, a person of amazing strength of spirit and courage who lost his sight in his youth, but found the strength to live and create for people.
Eduard Asadov was born in September 1923, in the city of Merv of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in a family of intelligent Armenians. His father, Artashes Grigorievich Asadyants (who later changed his name and surname and became Arkady Grigorievich Asadov), participated in the revolutionary movement, was imprisoned for his beliefs, and then joined the Bolsheviks. Subsequently he served as an investigator, commissar and commander of a rifle company. Having retired, Arkady Grigorievich married the mother of the future poet, Lidia Ivanovna Kurdova, and changed his military shoulder straps to the peaceful status of a school teacher.
Little Edik's young years passed in the cozy atmosphere of a small Turkmen town, with its dusty streets, noisy bazaars and endless blue skies. However, happiness and family idyll were short-lived. When the boy was only six years old, his father died tragically. At the time of his death, Arkady Grigorievich was about thirty, and he died, not suffering from bandit bullets and the hard times of the Civil War, from intestinal obstruction.
Edward's mother, left alone with the child, could not endure the environment that reminded her of her late husband. In 1929, Lidia Ivanovna gathered her simple belongings and moved with her son to Sverdlovsk, where her father, Ivan Kalustovich, lived. It was in Sverdlovsk that Edik first went to school, and at the age of eight he wrote his first poems, and there he began to attend a theater group. Everyone predicted a bright future for the boy, he was so talented, ardent, versatile.
Little Eduard Asadov with his parents Once having tasted the charm of the lines running out from under the pen, Asadov could no longer stop. The boy wrote poetry about everything that he saw, felt, loved. Mom Edika was able to instill in her son not only a love of literature, theater, creativity, but also a kind of admiration for true feelings, sincerity, devotion, passion.
Biographers of Eduard Asadov argue that the reverence felt by the poet for real, genuine love was transmitted to the poet at the genetic level. His father and mother fell in love and got married, regardless of nationalities and other conventions. However, then, in the Soviet Union, this was not surprising to anyone. All the more characteristic is the example associated with the story of Edward's great-grandmother. She came from a good noble family living in St. Petersburg, but fell in love with the English lord, with whom she tied her fate, contrary to public opinion and the will of her parents.
After Sverdlovsk, the Asadovs moved to Moscow, where Lidia Ivanovna continued to work as a school teacher. Edward was delighted. He was fascinated by a large and noisy city, the capital conquered the heart of a young man with its scale, architecture, and bustle. He wrote literally about everything, as if absorbing in advance the impressions of what he saw and trying to fix them on paper. These were poems about love, life, girls, beautiful as spring flowers, about cheerful people and dreams coming true.
After leaving school, Eduard Asadov planned to enter a university, but he still could not choose a direction, hesitating between literary and theatrical institutes. The graduation party at his school fell on June 14, 1941. The young man hoped that he would have a few more days to think about before submitting the documents. But fate decreed otherwise. The war broke the lives of millions of Soviet people, and the young poet could not escape his destiny. However, he did not even try: on the very first day of the war, Asadov appeared at the military registration and enlistment office and volunteered for the front.
At war
Edward was assigned to the gun crew, which later became known to the whole world as the legendary Katyusha. The poet fought near Moscow and Leningrad, on the Volkhov, North Caucasian, Leningrad fronts. The young soldier showed remarkable courage and courage, he rose from a gunner to a battalion commander of guards mortars.
In the intervals between battles and shelling, the poet continued to write. He composed and immediately read to the soldiers poems about war, love, hope, sadness, and his colleagues asked for more. In one of his works, Asadov describes such a moment. Critics of the poet's work have repeatedly condemned him for idealizing the life of the soldiers, they did not realize that even in the mud, blood and pain, a person can dream of love, dream of peaceful pictures, remember his family, children, beloved girl.
Once again, the life and hopes of the young poet were crossed out by the war. In 1944, on the outskirts of Sevastopol, the battery where Asadov served was defeated, and all his fellow soldiers were killed. In such an environment, Edward made a heroic decision that left him almost no chance of survival. He loaded the remaining ammunition into an old truck and began to break through to the neighboring battle line, where the shells were vital. He managed to bring the car under mortar fire and incessant shelling, but on the way he was badly wounded by a shell fragment in the head.
This was followed by endless hospitals and doctors, shrugging their shoulders. Despite the twelve operations that Assadov underwent, the head injury he received was so serious that no one hoped that the hero would survive. However, Edward survived. He survived, but lost his sight forever. This fact plunged the poet into a deep depression, he did not understand how and why he should live now, who needs a blind and helpless young man.
According to the recollections of Asadov himself, the love of women saved him. It turned out that his poems are widely known outside his military unit, they diverged in the lists, and these handwritten leaves were read by people, girls, women, men and old people. It was in the hospital that the poet found out that he was famous, that he had many fans. The girls regularly visited their idol, and at least six of them were ready to marry the hero poet.
Asadov could not resist one of them. It was Irina Viktorova, an artist of the children's theater, and she became the poet's first wife. Unfortunately, this marriage was not durable, the love that Ira seemed to have for Edward turned out to be a hobby, and the couple soon broke up.
Creation
At the end of the war, Eduard Asadov continued his activities as a poet and prose writer. At first, he wrote poetry "on the table", not daring to publish. Once the poet sent several poems, whom he considered a professional in poetry. Chukovsky at first criticized Asadov's works to smithereens, but at the end of the letter he unexpectedly summed up, writing that Eduard is a true poet with "genuine poetic breathing."
After such a "blessing", Asadov perked up. He entered the capital's Literary University, which he successfully graduated in 1951. In the same year, the first of his collections, "The Light Road", was published. This was followed by joining the CPSU and the Writers' Union, the long-awaited recognition of the general public and the world community.
In the post-war years, Eduard Asadov participated in numerous literary evenings, read poetry from the stage, signed autographs, spoke, telling people about his life and fate. He was loved and respected, millions were read by his poems, letters from all over the Union came to Asadov: this is how his work echoed in the souls of people, touching the most secret strings and the deepest feelings.
Among the most famous poems of the poet, the following should be noted:
- “I can wait for you very much”;
- "How many of those";
- "As long as we are alive";
- "Poems about a ginger mongrel";
- "Satan";
- "Coward" and others.
In 1998, Eduard Asadov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The poet, beloved by millions of ordinary Soviet people, died in 2004, in Odintsovo, near Moscow.
Personal life
With his second wife, Galina Razumovskaya, Asadov met at one of the concerts at the Palace of Culture of Moscow State University. She was an artist of the Mosconcert and asked to let her perform first, because she was afraid of being late for the plane. Galina became a faithful companion, the last love, muse and the eyes of a poet.
She accompanied him to all meetings, evenings, concerts, supporting him mentally and physically. For his sake, at the age of 60, his wife learned to drive a car, so that it was easier for Eduard Arkadyevich to move around the city. In a happy marriage, this couple lived for 36 years, until Galina's death.
Eduard Asadov today
More than one generation of people grew up on the poems of Eduard Asadov, it is not surprising that he is still loved, remembered and read by his works. The writer and poet passed away, but left behind a gigantic cultural heritage. Asadov is the author of almost fifty books and collections of poetry. He published in magazines, wrote not only poetry, but also poems, essays, stories, stories.
The works of Eduard Asadov in the 60s of the last century were published in one hundred thousand copies, but interest in his books did not fade away even with the collapse of the USSR. The writer continued to collaborate with various publishing houses, and today, in 2016 and 2017, his collections are being republished and sold out. Several audiobooks with the poet's poems have been released, and many works, essays, and dissertations have been written about his work and life. The poet's poems live in the hearts of people even after his death, which means that he himself is alive.
Quotes
Let not you be the reason
That disagreement and harsh words.
Get over the quarrel, be a man!
It's still your love.
See beauty in the ugly,
See river floods in the streams!
Who knows how to be happy in everyday life,
He really is a happy man!
To love is first of all to give.
To love means your feelings, like a river,
To spill with spring generosity
To the delight of a loved one.
How easy it is to offend a person!
He took and threw a phrase angrier than pepper ...
And then sometimes a century will not be enough,
To return the offended heart ...
A bird is born good or bad -
She is destined to fly.
Man is so unsuitable.
It's not enough to be born as a man,
They still need to become.
Men, be alarmed!
Well, who does not know that a woman with her tender soul
Sometimes I will forgive you a hundred thousand sins!
But DISAUTH does not forgive ...
How many people with whom you can go to bed ...
This is how this gimmick winds -
Easily meet, part without pain
This is because there are many people with whom you can go to bed.
This is because there are few people with whom you want to wake up ...
Bibliography
- Snowy Evening (1956);
- Soldiers Returned from War (1957);
- "In the name of great love" (1962);
- "In the name of great love" (1963);
- I Love Forever (1965);
- Be Happy, Dreamers (1966);
- Island of Romance (1969);
- Kindness (1972);
- Winds of Troubled Years (1975);
- Constellation of the Hounds of the Dogs (1976);
- Years of Courage and Love (1978);
- The Compass of Happiness (1979);
- In the Name of Conscience (1980);
- High Debt (1986);
- Fates and Hearts (1990);
- "Lightning of War" (1995);
- Don't Give Up, People (1997);
- “You don’t have to give your loved ones” (2000);
- "The road to a winged tomorrow" (2004);
- When Poems Smile (2004);
Asadov Eduard Arkadyevich is the most famous and beloved Soviet and Russian poet among readers, with whose work almost everyone is familiar from school days. In many ways, Asadov became the voice of his era. But unlike other poets of his time, he did not curry favor with the authorities and was far from socialist realism. We will tell you about the life and work of this amazing person, who left us not so long ago.
Biography of Eduard Asadov: childhood
The future poet was born on September 7, 1923, in the midst of the civil war in the small town of Mevre (Turkmenistan). He was born into an intelligent family, both parents served as teachers. But in wartime, Edward's father, like many, gave up teaching and went into service, soon becoming a commissar and receiving command of a rifle company. Little Edward dreamed of night shooting for many years.
Father died very early, he was only 30 years old, it happened in 1929. But not from a combat wound, as one might expect, but from intestinal obstruction. After that, Lydia Ivanovna, the poet's mother, could not stay at her previous job and went to Sverdlovsk with her 6-year-old son. A few years later she was offered a place in a Moscow school, and the family moved to the capital.
Here Edward graduated from school in 1941.
Views
The biography of Eduard Asadov indicates that the poet highly appreciated the ability to love in a person. He admired this feeling and believed that there was nothing more important and valuable in the world.
As far as religion is concerned, he was an atheist. And the point here is not in the party orientation - he has never been an ideological opponent of religion, but in something completely different. According to Eduard Arkadyevich, if the Creator existed, then he could not admit all the horror that is happening around, and the suffering that falls to the lot of man.
Asadov was even ready to become a believer if someone explained to him why everything is so arranged. But he believed in goodness and believed that he would save the world from destruction.
The beginning of the war
The biography of Eduard Asadov is saturated with many different military conflicts. But the worst, of course, is the time of the Great Patriotic War. So, after graduating from school 41, young Eduard is going to enter the university, deciding what to connect his life with - theater or literature.
But fate made the choice for him, making huge amendments to his life. The war began exactly one week after the school prom. The ardent youthful character did not allow the poet to sit out in the rear, and on the very first day he went to the military registration and enlistment office. A day after that, he was sent to the war zone.
Baptism of fire
The first battle in which Edward took part took place near Moscow, on the Volkhov front. The biography of Eduard Asadov testifies to the fact that in the war he showed himself as a brave and brave man who never fled from the enemy and amazed those around him with determination and courage. Until 1942, Asadov was a gunner, and then he was appointed commander of the entire weapons crew. His fellow soldiers treated him with great respect, so no one opposed this appointment.
And Eduard Asadov did not manage to make enemies among the soldiers. He managed to write poetry even in this difficult time, reading them to his comrades during short breaks. This is another reason why he was so loved and respected by those around him. Later, in his works, he reflected similar moments of calm, when there was talk of love, and the soldiers remembered their home and loved ones.
Sevastopol battles
In 1943, the poet Eduard Asadov received the rank of lieutenant, after which he was sent to the North Caucasian front, and later transferred to the Fourth Ukrainian, where he rose to the rank of battalion commander.
The battle near Sevastopol became the most difficult for Asadov - his battery was destroyed, only useless shells remained, which other batteries needed. Then the poet made an almost suicidal decision - to load the ammunition onto a truck and take them to the neighboring border through an open, well-exposed area. Already not far from the target, a shell exploded next to the car, which blew off Asadov's skull and made him blind. Later, doctors assured that he should have died instantly after that, but he managed to deliver his cargo and only then fainted.
Terrible awakening
Eduard Arkadyevich Asadov woke up already in the hospital, where he was told 2 news. First, his case is unique, since after such a wound he should not have retained motor functions, the ability to speak and think clearly. The second was much sadder - he would never be able to see again.
In the first days after what he heard, he did not want to live anymore. A nurse who looked after him saved the poet from despair. She stated that it is shameful for such a brave and courageous person to think about death. Asadov realized that his life was not over yet. He again begins to write poetry - about war and peacetime, about nature and animals, about human nobility and faith, about meanness and indifference. But the first place was occupied by lines about love. The poet dictated his poems to those around him and was sure that only this wonderful feeling could save a person.
Post-war time and further fate
In 1946, Eduard Asadov was admitted to the Literary Institute. The poet's collection of poems was first published in 1951. The book was a success and was highly acclaimed. That is why Asadov was immediately accepted into the CPSU and the Writers' Union. It is also important that he graduated from the institute with honors.
The poet's popularity begins to grow. He travels all over the country, reads his poems, receives a huge number of letters from fans. No one can remain indifferent after reading his poems. I received many thanks from women. They were delighted that the poet was able to feel their pain and feelings so subtly. Despite such incredible popularity, Asadov's character did not change, he remained simple and pleasant in communication, never boasted of his fame and did not show arrogance.
The post-war life of the writer was calm and happy. As if fate felt that the past trials were enough.
In 1988, Asadov received the title of Hero of the USSR. For many years the former commander of the poet tried to get this award.
Death
Poet Eduard Asadov died in 2004. He bequeathed to bury himself in the Crimea on Sapun Mountain. It was in this place that he once lost his sight and almost died. However, this posthumous wish was never fulfilled. Relatives buried the poet in Moscow. Many admirers of his talent came to see the great poet on his last journey, who sincerely regretted the death of this brave and sincere man.
Eduard Asadov: personal life
Ever since childhood, the poet dreamed of meeting the same love that his parents found. He dreamed of a "beautiful stranger" and for the first time undertook to write poetry dedicated to her.
The first wife of the writer was a girl who visited him for a long time in the hospital after being wounded. However, the marriage did not last long, and soon the couple separated, as she fell in love with another.
In 1961, Asadov met Galina Valentinovna Razumovskaya, who became his second and last wife. The children of Eduard Asadov from this marriage were never born, but the life of the spouses together was very happy. Galina read poetry and performed at concerts and evenings. She was an artist by profession and worked at the Mosconcert. On one of the evenings, the poet met her.
In the future, Galina took an active part in her husband's work, was present at all his performances, wrote down his poems, and prepared books for publication. She died in 1997, making Asadov a widower.
Creation
Eduard Asadov wrote a lot in his life. His poems were devoted primarily to love. He also touched upon the themes of war and nature. The first poems of the poet were published in the Ogonyok magazine. Later, Asadov admitted in an interview that he considers this day one of the happiest in his life.
The poet first drew plots for his works from his own past, and then began to take as a basis letters from fans and stories told by friends and acquaintances. The main things for the poet were the reality of the situation and the sincerity of his experiences.
From the works of Asadov it is clear that he had a heightened sense of justice. And his poems have always been characterized by the uniqueness of intonations and a sense of the truth of life. The main themes of the poet's post-war work are loyalty to the Motherland and courage. His poems are saturated with life-affirming power, they feel the charge of vital energy and love.
Eduard Asadov lived a difficult youth. Interesting facts about the life of the writer, probably for this reason, are associated with this period and mainly relate to wartime. So, here are the most entertaining information from the biography of the poet:
- Initially, during the Second World War, Asadov was included in the calculation of a special weapon, which later became known as Katyusha.
- In 1942, he became the commander of a rifle crew. But no one appointed him to this position. Just after the injury of the former commander, the young man took over his duties, since all this happened during the battle.
- During his stay in the hospital, the poet was constantly visited by familiar girls. During the year that the treatment lasted, six of them proposed to the poet to marry.
- Asadova's great-grandmother came from a noble Petersburg family, and in her youth an English lord fell in love with her, to whom she reciprocated. But the happiness of the young people was hampered by their relatives. However, the lovers decided to remain true to themselves and got married against the will of their elders. Asadov admired this story from childhood. And I imagined true love just like that.
From all this, we can conclude that Asadov was not only an outstanding poet, but also an outstanding personality.
Eduard Asadov was rightfully considered the singer of love in the Soviet Union. His books were sold out instantly, his poems were copied into notebooks. And he dedicated the most poignant poem to his wife, Galina Razumovskaya, whom he had never seen.
At the turn of the war
He began writing poetry while still in elementary school. And he dreamed of going to a literary or theater institute. But the Great Patriotic War began. It was the war that left an imprint on the entire fate of Eduard Asadov. He is one of those who put on a tunic immediately after graduation. He survived this monstrous military meat grinder, but plunged into darkness forever.
His combat crew was supposed to deliver the combat stock to the front line. A German shell that exploded next to him nearly took his life. Bleeding from injury, he refused to return without completing the assignment. The shells were delivered on time, and then the doctors fought for twenty-six days to keep him alive.
He was only 21 years old when the doctors announced their verdict: eternal blindness. It seemed that life was crumbling before it even started. But according to Eduard Asadov, six girls who regularly visited the young hero in the hospital helped him cope with depression. One of them, Irina Viktorova, became his first wife.
Later, Eduard Asadov, in a letter to a friend, confesses that he has linked his life with the wrong person. There will be a difficult divorce and a ruined relationship with his son. But before that, a young and very organized young man, despite complete blindness, will begin to write poetry, enter the Literary Institute and write a lot.
First success
The first success came to him when his poems were published in the Ogonyok magazine with the light hand of Kornei Chukovsky, to whom Asadov sent his creations for the first time, while still in the hospital. Korney Ivanovich criticized the work of the young poet, but at the same time strongly advised Asadov not to give up what he had begun, writing to him: “... You are a true poet. For you have that genuine poetic breath that is inherent only to a poet! "
From that moment on, his life will change dramatically again. He will write about the most important human quality - the ability to love. Critics were very condescending to his work, considering the ego of the work too simple. But it was difficult to find a person who did not know Asadov's poems. National love and recognition were the answer to the critics.
Creative evenings with the participation of the beloved poet invariably gathered full houses. People recognized themselves in his works and wrote letters of gratitude and appreciation for such an accurate description of feelings. No one had any idea how lonely the poet is in his personal life. But a single meeting changed everything.
Literary meeting
At one of the literary meetings, the Mosconcerta actress Galina Razumovskaya asked to skip her performance ahead, as she was afraid of being late for the plane. She was supposed to read poems by women poets. Asadov then joked that men also write. She stayed to hear what he would read. After his speech, she asked to send poems to her in Tashkent so that she could read them. After her speech, Galina wrote a detailed letter to the author about the success of his works.
He was very afraid to make mistakes again, but Galina Razumovskaya became for him not only his wife. She became his eyes, his feelings, his true love. At this moment, he found the strength in himself to break off his past, very burdensome relationship. And go to the one he loves. He dedicated his amazing poems to her.
Simple happiness
Since then, she has always taken part in his creative evenings, read his poems, accompanied him everywhere. He only wrote poetry on his own, blindly typing them on a typewriter.
The whole life of the Asadov family was subordinated to a clear schedule: getting up early, having breakfast at seven in the morning, and then reciting poetry on a dictaphone in the office. After dinner, which was always at two o'clock, the poet sat down to print his poems. And the wife after that she reprinted them completely, prepared them for delivery to the publishing house.
He did not use any devices for the blind in everyday life, except for a special clock that allowed him to determine the time. He was very fond of discipline, he could not tolerate non-obligation or non-punctuality.
Galina Valentinovna at the age of 60 learned to drive a car so that her husband could comfortably move around the city and visit the dacha. She categorically refused to purchase a TV set, because she considered it unethical to watch it with a blind husband. But together they listened to the radio, and Galina Valentinovna also read books, newspapers, magazines to him aloud. He did not even use a wand, because Galina was always by his side, helping and guiding him in the most literal sense.
She passed away earlier than her husband, having died of a heart attack in 1997. The poet recalled this period as one of the most difficult in his life. After all, he was left all alone. And he wrote again. To her, her beloved, but already unearthly.
Through the ringing of stars, through truths and lies,
Through pain and darkness and through winds of loss
It seems to me that you will come again
And quietly knocking on the door ...
On our familiar floor
Where you are forever imprinted in the dawn
Where do you live and do not live already
And where, like a song, you are and you are not.
And then suddenly I start to wonder
That the phone will ring one day
And your voice, as in an unreal dream,
Shaking it, it will scorch the whole soul at once.
And if you suddenly step on the threshold,
I swear that you can be anyone!
I wait. No shroud, no harsh rock,
And no horror or shock
They won't be able to frighten me anymore!
Is there anything worse in life?
And something more monstrous in the world
Than among familiar books and things,
Frozen in my soul, without relatives and friends,
Wandering around an empty apartment at night ...
But his fighting character did not allow him to surrender his positions. He again rushed into creative battle and was able to triumph over depression and loneliness. His fighting friends came to his aid, all of them were generals, as he proudly spoke.
And soon his next book "Don't give up, people!" Was published. He didn't give up until the very end, in 2004. He wrote, met with admirers of his talent and sincerely enjoyed life until the last day, until a heart attack took his life.
Eduard Asadov was happy with his beloved. The great storyteller was never able to melt the heart of his snow queen.