Polynomial complex sentences (SPP) are subdivided into two types. The first type is WBS, in which all subordinate clauses refer to the main clause. Depending on the meaning of subordinate clauses and their relationship to the main thing, they divide homogeneous suggestions and heterogeneous.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous
Homogeneous clauses are called subordinate clauses related to the same member of the main clause, or to the main clause as a whole. They are connected with each other by a compositional or non-union connection and are called subordinate clauses.
Examples of: I saw how she left, and how he looked after her for a long time.
Until recently, we recalled that we were very friendly with him and that whenever possible we tried to see each other.
Subordinate clauses referring to different types by value, as well as subordinate clauses of the same type, but referring to different members of the main clause, are called inhomogeneous.
Examples of: When he approached, I asked where to go next.
He explained that we would have to leave as soon as possible, and added that he would give us some food for the journey.
The second type is formed by SPP, in which the subordinate clauses form a logical chain, that is, the first refers to the main one, the second to the first, the third to the second, etc. Such subordination is called sequential, and the subordinate clauses are called, respectively, the first degree subordinate clauses, the second degree subordinate clauses, etc.
Example: I thought it was time to move, so that in the evening I would be where we were supposed to meet.
Also, complex sentences with several subordinate clauses can combine both types.
For example: Yesterday he said that people are leaving their homes, and that soon there will be no one to grow wheat, and that no one knows what to do.
We were told that we would have to be there when the guests came to open the door and take on our outer garments.
In the first example, the first three subordinate clauses refer to the main clause, and the last subordinate clause (what to do) - to the subordinate clause “that nobody knows”. In the second, the first subordinate clause is a subordinate clause of the first degree (second type of SPP), and the other three subordinate clauses are not only subordinate clauses of the second degree, but also heterogeneous (the first type of SPP).
Also, polynomial complex sentences include those in which one subordinate clause is given a question from two or more main sentences... In this case, the main sentences are linked by a non-union or compositional relationship.
Example: He was clearly in pain, he was gasping for breath, and his heart was pounding wildly when the ambulance finally arrived.
Russian language grade 9
№ 43 The concept of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses and punctuation in them
Lesson type: a lesson in the assimilation of new knowledge
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
to give an idea of the types of SPP with several subordinate clauses;
introduce the terms homogeneous, sequential, parallel subordination;
to teach how to build SPP schemes with several clauses;
to acquaint students with the features of punctuation in the SPP with several clauses;
repeat the main SPP groups according to their meaning, recall the differences between a union and a union word and an algorithm for determining the type of a subordinate clause.
Security: notebook, textbook, assignments.
Handout: tasks.
During the classes
I ... Org. Moment
II ... Updating previous knowledge
Teacher's word. Today, in the lesson, we will repeat the main groups of SPPs according to their meaning, recall the differences between a union and a union word and get acquainted with new complex syntactic constructions. But we will formulate the topic of our lesson with you a little later, and we will begin the lesson by reading and commenting on the epigraph of the lesson, and then a lexical warm-up.
Frontal conversation
What groups are complex sentences divided into according to their meaning?
How to distinguish a union from a union word?
Tell us about the algorithm by which we determine the type of the relative clause.
III ... Explanation of the new material.
Teacher's word. Until today's lesson, we talked about the SPP, consisting of one main and one subordinate part. This form is the most typical for the SPP, the most common in oral and written speech.
However, in the Russian language, especially in the styles of writing and in the language of fiction, sentences that are more complex in their form, consisting of several parts, are often found. Today we begin our acquaintance with such proposals. So, the topic of our today's lesson
The main types of SPP with two or more subordinate clauses and punctuation in them
Victor asked to be a miner because he had heard that this is the most honorable profession in the mine.
SPP with clauses and explanatory reasons
Such offers are called SPP with SEQUENTIAL SUBMISSION:
the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause first degree), the second - to this subordinate clause (subordinate clause second degree) etc.
Main offer
1st degree relative clause
2nd degree clause
So, what unions can appear side by side with the consistent subordination of clauses?
What if, what though, what when, since though, since if and dr.
In what case is a comma placed between them?
Comma put if after the clause No THAT or SO
Punctuation marks for concatenation of unions
She told him that if he was sick, he had to be treated.
She told him th oh e if he is sick then need medical help
Arrange punctuation marks, determine the type of clauses, outline the sentence
When we arrived, my father showed me the perches and carpenters, which he fished out without me.
(When ...),, (which ...).
SPP with clauses and tense
Such offers are called SPP with PARALLEL SUBMISSION:
subordinate clauses refer to one common main clause and are different in meaning.
Arrange punctuation marks, determine the type of clauses, outline the sentence
I woke up when the sun had not yet risen, when nature was enveloped in a predawn dream.
SPP with clauses
Such offers are called SPP with UNIFORM SUBSCRIPTION:
subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause common to them and are the same in meaning - homogeneous
With homogeneous subordination in the second (and the following) subordinate subordinate union can be omitted:
We went on a hike when the rain stopped, the sun came out, the birds began to sing.
, (when…), (…), (…).
We went camping when the rain ended when the sun came out when the birds sang.
, (when ...), (when ...), (when ...).
Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have compositional conjunctions with them, before which a comma is placed in the same way as with homogeneous members:
The gardener was heard walking in the garden and how his car creaked.
Sonechka wrote that the mood was heavy, but so that he doesn't worry about them.
He is irritable and when healthy and when sick.
Arrange punctuation marks, make diagrams
It was necessary to see how the lilac leaves unfold and how it releases gray brushes of future flowers.
We will shudder if a bird suddenly rushes up or an elk trumpets in the distance.
IV ... Anchoring.
Task number 1 Build proposals for schemes, determine the type of subordination
1., (like ...), (like ...), (like ...).
I remember well how we walked along the path, how bright the sun was shining, how I found a mushroom spot. (Uniform subordination)
2., (when ...), (to ...).
It was already completely dark when we got to the camp to spend the night there.
3.(When ...),, (... which ...).
When I felt thirsty, I bent down to the stream, in the waters of which I saw frolicking fish. (Parallel submission)
4., (what…), (which…).
Makar knew that the bitter frost was not joking with people who went into the taiga without mittens and without a hat. (Sequential submission)
5.(When ...),, (although ...).
When Vanya told his story, I listened attentively, although I was very upset. (Parallel submission)
6., (what ...), (to ..).
It seemed to me that you need to have some special knowledge to determine our location. (Sequential submission)
Task number 2 Make one complex out of three simple sentences, indicate its structure.
As soon as I stepped out onto the porch, there was a thunderclap that made me flinch. (As soon as ...), (which)
Although it was late, the room was lit by a lamp that illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ...),, (which ...)
When rain poured down, we rushed to the barn, which the stood at the edge of the village. (When ...),, (which ...)
V ... Summing up the lesson. Frontal conversation.
What are the main types of NGNs with two or more clauses do you know?
What is the difference between homogeneous and parallel submission?
Tell us about the peculiarities of punctuation at the "junction" of unions in the sequential subordination of clauses.
- Homogeneous subordinate clauses can carry conjunctive conjunctions. How are punctuation marks placed in this case?
VI ... Reflection.
Vii ... Homework.
Write out five SPPs with several subordinate clauses from the Literature textbook, parsing, diagram, determine the type of connection.
Write a discourse essay “What do I know about SPP?”
1., (like ...), (like ...), (like ...).
2., (when ...), (to ...).
3.(When ...),, (... which ...).
4., (what…), (which…).
5.(When ...),, (although ...).
6., (what ...), (to ..).
(Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
(When ... which ...)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Task number 1 Build proposals for schemes, determine the type of subordination
1., (like ...), (like ...), (like ...).
2., (when ...), (to ...).
3.(When ...),, (... which ...).
4., (what…), (which…).
5.(When ...),, (although ...).
6., (what ...), (to ..).
Task number 2 From three simple sentences, make one complex, indicate its structure.
1) I went out onto the porch. There was a thunderclap. The blow made me flinch. (Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
3) The rain poured down. We rushed to the barn. The barn stood at the edge of the village. (When ... which ...)
Task number 1 Build proposals for schemes, determine the type of subordination
1., (like ...), (like ...), (like ...).
2. , (when ...), (to ...).
3. (When ...),, (... which ...).
4. , (what…), (which…).
5. (When ...),, (although ...).
6. , (what ...), (to ..).
Task number 2 From three simple sentences, make one complex, indicate its structure.
1) I went out onto the porch. There was a thunderclap. The blow made me flinch. (Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
3) The rain poured down. We rushed to the barn. The barn stood at the edge of the village. (When ... which ...)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task number 1 Build proposals for schemes, determine the type of subordination
1., (like ...), (like ...), (like ...).
2. , (when ...), (to ...).
3. (When ...),, (... which ...).
4., (what…), (which…).
5.(When ...),, (although ...).
6., (what ...), (to ..).
Task number 2 From three simple sentences, make one complex, indicate its structure.
1) I went out onto the porch. There was a thunderclap. The blow made me flinch. (Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
3) The rain poured down. We rushed to the barn. The barn stood at the edge of the village. (When ... which ...)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1) I went out onto the porch. There was a thunderclap. The blow made me flinch. (Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
3) The rain poured down. We rushed to the barn. The barn stood at the edge of the village. (When ... which ...)
Task number 1 From three simple sentences, make one complex, indicate its structure.
1) I went out onto the porch. There was a thunderclap. The blow made me flinch. (Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
3) The rain poured down. We rushed to the barn. The barn stood at the edge of the village. (When ... which ...)
Task number 1 From three simple sentences, make one complex, indicate its structure.
1) I went out onto the porch. There was a thunderclap. The blow made me flinch. (Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
3) The rain poured down. We rushed to the barn. The barn stood at the edge of the village. (When ... which ...)
Task number 1 From three simple sentences, make one complex, indicate its structure.
1) I went out onto the porch. There was a thunderclap. The blow made me flinch. (Once ... that)
2) It was late. A lamp was burning in the room. She illuminated the faces of those present with soft light. (Although ... which ...)
3) The rain poured down. We rushed to the barn. The barn stood at the edge of the village. (When ... which ...)
NGN with multiple clauses
A table with examples will help you determine which types are divided
complex sentences with three or more predicative parts.
| Type of subordination of the subordinate clause to the main | Examples of |
| Consistent | [The guys ran into the river at a run], (the water in which has already warmed up enough), (because the last days it was incredibly hot). |
| Parallel | (TOwhen the speaker finished speaking), [silence reigned in the hall] (as the audience was shocked by what they heard). |
| Homogeneous | [Anton Pavlovich talked about], (that reinforcements will arrive soon) and (that you just need to be patient a little). |
Should be remembered
A good assistant in mastering the SPP with several subordinate clauses - exercises, the implementation of which will help to consolidate the knowledge gained.
In this case, it is better to act according to the algorithm:
Select all means of communication, not forgetting about the compound or used by a number of unions. Establish semantic connections between the parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask her question (s) to the subordinate clause (s).
Build a diagram, showing the dependence of the parts on it with arrows, place punctuation marks in it. Move commas to recorded sentence.
Thus, attentiveness in the construction and analysis (including punctuation) of a complex sentence - SPP with several subordinate clauses specifically - and reliance on the above features of this syntactic construction will ensure the correct execution of the proposed tasks.
Exercises on the topic " SPP with several clauses "
Exercise 1.DEFINE THE TYPE OF SUBMISSION IN NGN:
1. A hero is a person who, at a decisive moment, does what needs to be done in the interests of human society.
2. In order to develop character, it is necessary to cultivate a will in oneself, since a person without will is a toy in the hands of any rogue.
3. In order not to impoverish his life, in order to be happy, a person must be able to understand another.
4. When you see a person whose face is distorted with anger, you just need to smile.
5. In the morning Repin hurried to the studio and there he literally tortured himself with creativity, because he was an unparalleled worker and even ashamed of the passion for work that forced him from dawn to dusk to give all his strength to his canvases.
6. Sometimes, you enter the room, which was located under his workshop, you hear the stamping of his old feet, because after each stroke he leaves to look at his canvas.
7. It is not known what Prishvin would have done in his life if he had remained an agronomist.
9. I have heard several times from people who have just put aside the book from Prvina that his books are "real witchcraft."
10. In the silence, one could distinctly hear how the man groaned and how the crust crunched heavily under the feet of the bear, which was driven out of the forest by an unusual rumble and crack.
Exercise 2. Determine the type of subordination of the subordinate clauses in the WBS.
1. To imagine Verin's life, he had to travel back a quarter of a century back to the time when he was a student, thin, mobile.
2. When everyone went out to dinner and she was left alone with Ulyasha, Zhenya remembered everything in detail.
3. They were sitting at one of the windows, which were so dusty, prim and huge that they seemed to be some kind of institutions made of bottle glass, where you can't stay in a hat.
4. And in the morning she began to ask questions about what Motovilikha is and what they were doing there at night.
5. Before talking about my journey to the “land of fearless birds”, I would like to explain why I took it into my head to go into the wilds from the center of the mental life of our homeland.
6. When later Zhenya recalled that day on Osinskaya Street, where they then lived, he seemed to her always sad.
7. In the corps they said that his irresistible ferocity was tamed by the quiet, like an angel, the general, whom none of the cadets saw, because she was constantly ill.
8. Pierre, who was fondled and glorified when he was the best bridegroom of the Russian Empire after his marriage, was greatly lost in the opinion of society.
9. And dad read a note that last night the seismic station of the observatory noted small tremors in our city, a consequence of a distant earthquake, the epicenter of which is located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, where several villages have been destroyed.
10. He is glad that he has returned and that he will meet this day with his comrades.
11. Accompanied by a telephone operator with a coil of cable and two messengers, they were at the top when the sun was already approaching the horizon and its first rays tried to pierce the sky covered with clouds and a veil of smoke.
12. Zvyagintsev could not understand where he was, although he knew the area well.
13. He painfully tried to remember what these places looked like before, in order to find his bearings.
14. They [the old people] said that when they finished the tunnel, they had to carry the wagons to Bek-Tash.
15. Artemyev confirmed that the leading surgeon of the medical battalion is still the same as that of Serpilin.
16. Having reported to the general everything that was needed, he went into his room, in which, having returned long ago and waiting for him, Prince Galtsin was sitting.
17. We calculated that if we follow the trail, we will go to the Nainu River to the Koreans.
18. And, of course, they did not notice that on one of the pages of this newspaper was printed the very poem that Byron was reciting mentally.
Answers to exercise number 2 on the topic "Types of subordination of subordinate clauses in the structure of the SPP".
1.parallel
2.homogeneous
3.sequential
4.homogeneous
5.parallel
6.sequential
7.sequential
8.sequential
9.sequential
10.homogeneous
11.uniform
12.parallel
13.parallel
14.sequential
15.sequential
16.parallel
17.sequential
18.sequential
Test on the topic "Complex clause with several clauses"
1. In what complex sentence between the main and subordinate clauses there is sequential subordination?
1) The more a person knows, the more he sees the poetry of the earth where it will never be found by a person with meager knowledge.
2) Savrasov looked to us from another world, where the giant sorcerers live and from where one cannot leave with impunity for a long time.
3) Began to lightly crush the whiskey, as it crushes the head when you spin for a long time on the carousel.
4) I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along portages and impenetrable swamps, and wolves drag in packs.
2. In what complex clause is there a homogeneous subordination between the main clauses and the subordinate clauses?
1) He gently kissed his wife and went into the room where his paints, brushes, canvas were waiting for him - everything without which he could not imagine a single day of his life.
2) From the Kremlin wall, on which Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich stands, you can see how the rowers are exhausted, struggling with the current.
3) You could hear the Neva splashing restlessly nearby and a wet flag buzzing somewhere over the rooftops.
4) When this conversation was going on, a rural miller was standing in the next room, whom Ivan Kolymet had summoned to the estate of Kurbsky to grind grain.
3. In what complex sentence is there a heterogeneous (parallel) subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) Everything that the company had to do in the dark, Ryumin not only consistently knew, but also saw in that sharpened ray of light, which was centered in his mind.
2) Although there is an inscription above the gate that the building is under state protection, no one is guarding it.
3) Ignatius Khvostov told his comrades about who Trajan was and what cruel persecution he subjected the first Christians to.
4) It is not known whether the yacht was built even before the first arrival of Peter Bazhenin, or whether it was presented to the Russian Tsar by Dutch merchants.
4. Explain the use of a comma and a dash in a complex sentence.
But so that villages fall,
To make the fields empty -
We are blessed for that
The King of Heaven has hardly given! (A. K. Tolstoy).
1. A comma separates the subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates two homogeneous clauses from the main part.
2. The comma separates the subordinate clauses of the sentence, and the dash separates the homogeneous clauses in front of the main part, since a significant pause is made between them when reading (in order to highlight the intonational clauses).
5.What sign is used to separate homogeneous subordinate clauses in the structure of a polynomial complex sentence?
There was that hour before the night when outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased, when the daylight is still confused, inextricably linked, with the night one (M. Sholokhov).
1. Comma.
2. Semicolon, since homogeneous subordinate clauses are common: there are homogeneous members and a separate turnover.
6. What type of subordination is presented in a complex clause with several clauses?
I don’t know, will the grace touch my sickly sinful soul, Will it be able to rise and rise. Will spiritual fainting pass? (F. Tyutchev).
1. Uniform subordination.
2. Inhomogeneous subordination.
7. Do you need a comma at the junction of two subordinate unions in a complex clause with several subordinate clauses? How many commas should you put in this sentence?
Fyodor expected that when he saw not a reproduction but a canvas that was touched by the hand of Surikov himself, he should deafen him to catch his breath and then dream at night (V. Tendryakov).
1. A comma is needed; only seven commas.
2. The comma is not needed; just six commas.
8. Determine the type of subordination in the polynomial complex clause.
At this time, it is usually indecent for ladies to walk, because the Russian people love to express themselves in such harsh expressions that they, it is true, will not hear even in the theater (N. Gogol).
1. Inhomogeneous subordination.
2. Consistent submission.
9. Determine the types of clauses in a polynomial complex clause. What type of subordination is represented in a complex clause with several subordinate clauses?
And so that the children would not tease the beggars, he [Nosopyr] pretended to be a cow doctor, carried a canvas bag with a red cross on his side, where he kept a chisel for chopping off hooves and dry bundles of St. John's wort (V. Belov).
1. Inhomogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the subordinate clause of the goal and the subordinate clause are added to the main part.
2. Inhomogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the subordinate part of the goal and the subordinate part of the place are attached to the main part.
10. How many parts does this complex sentence with several subordinate clauses consist of, and what type of subordination is presented in it?
The next day, Sanin was still in bed, like Emil already, in a festive dress, with a cane in his hand and heavily pomaded, burst into his room and announced that Herr Kluber would now arrive with a carriage, that the weather promised to be amazing that they had everything is already ready, but that my mother will not go, because her head ached again (I. Turgenev).
1. The proposal contains eight parts; the homogeneous subordination of the clauses is presented.
2. The proposal contains seven parts; presented mixed subordination of clauses.
11. What type of subordination is presented in a complex clause with several clauses? Explain why there is only one comma in the sentence.
When winter came and the garden and the house was covered with snow, a wolf howl was heard at night (A.N. Tolstoy).
1. Sentence with consistent subordination of clauses.
2. A sentence with homogeneous subordination of clauses.
12. Analyze complex sentences. Select simple parts, set their number. Determine the nature of the connection between them.
At times Maria was ready to believe that some ancient artist miraculously guessed that the girl Maria would once appear in the world, and in advance created her a portrait in the bas-relief of a mysterious, enchanted palace, which was supposed to remain inviolable underground for centuries (V. Bryusov) ...
1. The proposal consists of four parts, connected by mixed subordination.
2. A sentence consists of five parts, connected by a homogeneous subordination of clauses.
13. Analyze complex polynomial sentences with a subordinate link. Establish a way of connecting the subordinate clauses and the main parts, name the type of subordinate clauses.
Since Chekhov had no novels, it seemed obvious that he had nothing to do with Dostoevsky, Turgenev, or Goncharov (M. Gromov).
1. The subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part by means of a semantic causal union because; an explanatory clause is attached to the main part by means of a functional union that; the polynomial represents a non-uniform subordination of clauses.
2. Sentence with consistent subordination of clauses; the subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part by a semantic causal union because; the subordinate clause joins the main part of the functional union that.
14. How many commas should be used in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Name the type of subordination of the subordinate clauses to the main one.
In the middle of the day, the cow was released into the field so that she could walk at will and so that she felt better (A. Platonov).
1. One comma; homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Two commas; heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
15. Name the type of subordinate clauses, establish the method of communication between the subordinate clauses and the main parts.
The fog lasted for a long time, until eleven o'clock, until some force was found that lifted it up (V. Rasputin).
1. Offer with mixed subordination; the subordinate part of the tense is attached to the main part with a semantic temporary union until, the subordinate attribution part is joined to the main part by the union word which.
2. Offer with consistent submission; the subordinate part of the tense is attached to the main part with a semantic temporary union until, the subordinate attribution part is joined to the main part by the union word which.
16. Do I need a comma at the junction of two unions - compositional and subordinate? How many commas should you put in this complex sentence?
That night, Chubarev also did not go to bed, and when he finally escorted everyone out of the office and looked at his watch, he just shrugged his shoulders (P. Proskurin).
1. The comma is not needed; two commas.
2. A comma is needed; three commas.
3. A comma is needed; five commas.
17. Determine the type of subordination in a multi-term complex clause. Do you need a comma before the conjunction And?
When burdocks rustle in the ravine
And there is a bunch of yellow-red mountain ash,
I compose funny poems
About life perishable, perishable and beautiful (A. Akhmatova).
1. Inhomogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; a comma is needed.
2. Homogeneous subordination of clauses; no comma needed.
A complex clause with several subordinate clauses (answers)
1. 3)
2. 3)
3. 1)
4. 2)
5. 2)
6. 1)
7. 1)
8. 2)
9. 1)
10. 2)
11. 2)
12. 1)
13. 1)
14. 1)
15. 2)
16. 1)
17. 2)
Complex sentences can have several subordinate clauses.
In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, two types of relations are possible between the combined parts.
1. All subordinate clauses relate directly to the main part of the sentence: to a single word or the entire main part as a whole.
Depending on the meaning of the subordinate clauses and their relationship to the main part, they can be the same subordinate parts and heterogeneous.
Homogeneous are similar (identical in semantics) subordinate clauses referring to the same word of the main part of the sentence or to the entire main part as a whole. Between themselves, these subordinate clauses are connected by constructive unions and are called subordinate clauses.
In the proposal, She [Anochka] went with him, pleased that she had pleased him and that she could stay on the shore and take a break from nursing bored Pavlik (Fed.) Two explanatory subordinate parts, connected by a compositional union and relate to one word of the main part, satisfied. There can be several subordinate clauses. So, in the sentence, you could hear how the runners creaked on the street, how the coal carriers drove to the factory and how half-frozen people (M.-S.) shouted hoarsely at the horses three explanatory subordinate parts.
Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have different unions or allied words, for example: All the Red Army men returned a week ago, but Seryozhka did not return and did not tell anyone what happened to him and where he was ... (Fad.).
The opposite clauses are heterogeneous, i.e. different in semantics, as well as subordinate clauses of the same meaning, but referring to different words of the main part.
For example, in the sentence After the frozen Moscow streets, where even at the crossroads I did not meet a single policeman, everything that happened in the district committee inspired hope (S. Bar.) Two subordinate parts, both of them belong to the main, but, firstly , they are not the same in semantics, and secondly, they refer to different words of the main part: the identifying part where even at the crossroads I did not meet a single policeman refers to the substantive combination of Moscow streets, and the explanatory subordinate - to the pronoun everything, filling it with specific content.
In the sentence (second) of Myasnitskaya, it (street) was called earlier. And yet the point is not how they called her, but that she is an amazing street! (S. Bar.) Two subordinate clauses. They have one meaning - explanatory, perform the same function - they specify the meaning of the demonstrative pronoun, but refer to different pronouns of the main part.
In the proposal By the way the curly heads of the pines and the sharp spiers of firs lit up, the curly heads of the pines and the sharp spiers of firs lit up, it was guessed that the sun had risen and that the busy day promises to be clear, frosty, vigorous (B. Paul.) they are two homogeneous explanatory - that the sun has risen and that the busy day promises to be clear, frosty, vigorous, related to the verb it was guessed, and one heterogeneous, although also explanatory - how, turning purple, the curly heads of pines and sharp spiers of firs lit up, revealing the content of the pronoun by that, i.e. not directly related to the verb.
In the proposal The city had a large boulevard with two flower beds and an English square with pavilions where they ate ice cream with cupronickel spoons, with a house in which they drank kumis and yogurt (Fed.), Two subordinate attributions, but they are not homogeneous, as they relate to different words of the main part of the sentence.
2. The subordinate clauses form a chain: the first belongs to the main, the second to the first subordinate, the third to the second subordinate, etc. Such subordination is called sequential, and the subordinate clauses are called subordinate clauses of the first degree, subordinate clauses of the second degree, etc.
Each of the subordinate clauses, with successive subordination, acts as the main part in relation to the next subordinate clause.
In the sentence, He reached the last flight of stairs and saw that someone was sitting on the steps below the landing, to which his door opened.
In the sentence, People who had just landed on this unsettled land and, after a distant sea route, still did not know where they would spend the coming night, listened to the concert with bated breath (Chak.), The subordinate clauses, connected by the method of successive subordination, are included in the middle of the main part.
The subordinate clauses in complex sentences with sequential subordination can be arranged in such a way that they form a confluence of unions: the second subordinate clause is placed immediately after the union (union word) of the first subordinate clause: I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his custody (P.); I slept for a long time, because when I woke up, it was already night (Garsh.); Mechik felt that if he had to shoot back again, he would no longer be any different from Pika (Fad.).
Complex sentences can simultaneously have both sequential subordination and subordination. For example: She [Ulya] did not understand when she got up and what prompted her that it was necessary and possible to get up (Fad.).
Types of subordination. homogeneous sequential parallel main clause main clause main clause subordinate clause subordinate clause subordinate clause I Art. clause clause II Art. subordinate clause subordinate clause
1. (If the joy ends), [look for], (what was wrong). SPP with subordinate clauses, explanatory, with parallel subordination. 2. [I will spare you from describing mountains, from exclamations (which do not express anything), from pictures (which do not depict anything, especially for those), (which were not there), and from statistical remarks], (which absolutely no one will not read). NGN with subordinate clauses, with parallel and sequential subordination. 3. [Russia has white birches, cedars that have forgotten (how old they are), mountains, gray from eternal winds, rivers] (which have no name). SPP with explanatory clauses, attributive, with parallel subordination. 4. (To repulse, to throw away the enemy's shaft), [such a city endured trials] (which have never been known for two hundred and forty years of existence). SPP with subordinate clauses, definitive, with parallel subordination. 5. [The city seemed to ask you], (where were you on the winter days), (when the ceremonial buildings of the colonnade and the arch were covered with frost). SPP with explanatory subordinate clauses, attributive, with sequential subordination. Determine the subordinate clauses and the type of subordination.
Homogeneous subordinate clauses (subordination). Commas are included. [I saw], (how the stars began to fade), (how coolness swept across the ground). , (how how…). If the subordinate (explanatory) subordinate clauses are connected by the union "and", then the comma is not put. [It was obvious] (that Savelich was right) and (that I needlessly insulted him). , (what ...) and (what ...). If there are 3 explanatory subordinate clauses (subordinate), but in the 2nd sentence the conjunction is omitted and it is joined using the conjunction "and", then a comma is not put before the "and". [Yegorushka saw], (how the sky darkened) and (the darkness fell), (how the stars shone). , (like ...) and (...), (like ...). If in the main clause there are 2 subordinate subordinate clauses (time) and each is preceded by an "and", then a comma is placed before the second "and". [I love forests] and (when they rustle the foliage cheerfully), and (when they stand quietly under the snow). and (when ...), and (when ...). Punctuation Examples
Punctuation Examples Inhomogeneous clauses. Commas are included. a) Parallel subordination: (From the main proposition, different questions are posed to the subordinate clauses.) (When the boat approached the shore), [we saw], (that people were running to the shore). (When what…). b) Sequential subordination: (From the main proposition, the question is posed to the I degree subordinate clause, from the I degree subordinate clause to the II degree subordinate clause, from the II degree subordinate clause to the III degree subordinate clause.) rocks), (that it was necessary to come closer), (to notice them). , (which…), (what…), (to…).
Punctuation Examples In case of sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another, that is, there will be 2 subordinates next to it. union. If the 2nd subordinate clause is easily removed from the sentence, then it has independence and a comma is put between the unions, if not, then the comma is not put (usually before "then", "but", "so"). [The old man warned] (that, (if the weather does not improve), there is nothing to think about hunting). [The old man warned] (that if the weather does not improve) (then there is nothing to think about hunting). SSP, which include SPP. [The guys walked quickly], and (when there were three kilometers to the place of overnight stay), [a forest appeared on the right). There are NGNs in which these types of sentences are combined. Between the conjunctions (in this case "and" and "when") a comma is put, if a sentence starting with the second conjunction is easily removed, if not, then the comma is not put.
1. Never before have children needed such enrichment with language as they need in our days when life is comprehensively changing when everything requires new forms. 2. From the very beginning, you should put things in such a way that the children themselves tell you about their affairs so that they would like to tell you so that they are interested in your knowledge. 3. And I would like to think that this Russian man will endure an unbending will and one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything on his way, will grow up near his father's shoulder if his Motherland calls for it. 4. Until I got home, I sat at home two more hours, so when I got out it was already light. 5. Having greeted, Dad said that we would be beating our thumbs in the village, that we were no longer small and that it was time for us to study seriously. Arrange punctuation marks in WBS with multiple clauses. ,,,
1. Determine the type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (agenda, question, prompts). 2. Indicate the type of proposal for emotional coloring (excl. Or non-excl.). 3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries. 4. Make a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a proverbial), characterize the means of communication (unions or union words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (determinants, explanatory and etc.). 5. Determine the type of subordination of clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential). Scheme for parsing a PSD with several clauses. [You will look at the pale green sky covered with stars (on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot), and you will understand] (why the summer warm air is still) (why nature is on guard). (A. Chekhov). [noun, (on which), verb.], (why), (why). (Story., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with three subordinate clauses: 1) def., 2) and 3) - explanatory; with parallel and homogeneous subordination). An example of parsing a WBS with several clauses. which? what? ____
Let's analyze the sentence syntactically. My father told me that he had never seen such loaves and that this year's harvest is excellent. (Aksakov). [ch.], (what) and (what). (Plot., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) explanatory, 2) explanatory, with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses). ,) (() about what? about what? ___ _ ___
I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him for the fact that his handle fell off. (Paustovsky). (Plot., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) explanatory, 2) explanatory, with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses). [ch.], (how), (what). what for what When he drove up to the back yard Yegorushka strained his eyes to get a better look at him. (Chekhov). (Story., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) obst. places, 2) arb. goals, with parallel subordination of clauses). (When), (to). when? why? Arrange the signs, parse the sentence yourself. Option I Option II (,), () () ,, () _ ____ _____ ____
Complex sentences with different types of connection are complex sentences that consist of at least three simple sentences connected by a compositional, subordinate and non-union connection. To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together. Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of creative conjunctions or non-union; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one. For example: 1) (I am sad): [I have no friend], (with whom I would drink for a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands with my heart and wish many happy years) (A. Pushkin). This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinate, consists of two parts (blocks), connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two relative clauses, with a homogeneous subordination. : [noun], (with whom), (to).
A diagram for parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication. 1. Determine the type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive). 2. Indicate the type of sentence for emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation). 3. Determine (by grammatical basis) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries. 4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or compositional). 5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence). 6. Draw up a proposal outline. Sample parsing comp. offer with different types of communication [Suddenly a thick fog fell], [as if he separated me from the rest of the world with a wall], and (so as not to get lost), [I decided to return to the path], (which, according to my considerations, should have been on the left and behind) (V. Arseniev). ,, and, ((to), [noun], (which)). (Story., Non-excl., Compound., With different types of communication: non-union, compose. And subordinate., Consists of 3 parts, connected without union (I and II parts) and compose.connected. Union and (II and III parts) ; I part - a simple sentence, II part - a simple sentence, III hours - SPP with two subordinate clauses (goals and definitions) with parallel subordination.
Arrange punctuation marks. Parse the sentence syntactically. The alley was all in gardens and linden trees grew near the fences, now casting a wide shadow at the moon, so that the fences and gates on one side were completely buried in darkness. (A. Chekhov). ___ ___ [,], () [, and, (so). This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: compositional and subordinate, consists of two parts, connected by a compositional connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with a clause of the consequence; the subordinate clause depends on everything important, it joins it by a union so that. ]
Who (not, not) when (not) was on the top of Ivan the Great, who (not, not) when (not) happened to glance at our ancient page from end to end, who (n_) once (not, not) admired this majesty (n, nn) oh, almost (not) observable p_n_ram, - he (does not) have an idea of Moscow. (M. Yu. Lermontov) Such a sentence is called a period (from the Greek periodos - circle, detour, circulation). This is a relatively complete in a semantic sense, an expanded complex sentence, clearly breaking up into two opposite parts. The first part consists of a number of homogeneous units and is pronounced in a rising tone, followed by a pause, the second part of the sentence is pronounced in a lowered tone. The first part of the period is called an increase, the second - a decrease. Such an intonation pattern forms, as it were, a circle, since the period opens and closes in the same way of even pronunciation. The period is used in artistic and journalistic styles, in uplifting, emotionally expressive speech. A comma and a dash are placed between the first and second parts of the period. Period as a special type of complex sentence.
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place should be commas? It is never boring in the forest (1) and (2) if you feel sad (3) take a closer look at the most ordinary birch (4) that you meet on your way. 1) 1,2,4 2) 2,3 3) 1,2,3, 4 4) 1,3 Answer: 3
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? There was the impression (1) that we magically visited a wonderful country (2) where scarlet lilies and red mountain ash (3) where everything is clearer and more beautiful (4) than it was always around. 1) 1,2,4 2) 2,3 3) 1,2,3,4 4) 1,3 Answer: 3
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? The forest was brought to the river at night (1) and (2) when white fog covered the banks (3) all eight companies laid boards (4) on the wreckage of bridges. 1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 4 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2, 3 Answer: 4
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? A few hours later (1) Ivan was exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) quietly and bitterly cried. 1) 1, 4, 5 2) 2, 3, 5 3) 3, 4, 5 4) 1, 4 Answer: 3
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? Mitya often simply admired his sister (1) and (2) even when he had to listen to her complaints about (3) that she looked bad after night shifts in the hospital (4) Lyubasha seemed to him the most beautiful. 1) 1, 2, 4 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 1, 3 4) 3, 4 Answer: 2
